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跨文化商务交际答案

跨文化商务交际答案
跨文化商务交际答案

名词对应。

(Kinesics):the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.

(身势):非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。

(etiquette):it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.

(礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。

(pragmatics):it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors.

(语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际,而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。(power distance):the degree to which power differences are expected and accepted by society.

(权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。

(Values): a learned organization of rules for marking choices and for resolving conflicts.

(价值观): 学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。

(reverse culture shock):it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one’s home culture after growing used to a new one.

(反向文化冲击): 它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。

(Recovery stage):a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture.

(恢复期): 一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。

(Semantics): it is the study of the meaning of words, a system that relates words to meaning.

(语义): 这是含义的话,一个系统,涉及词意义的研究。

(Memo):it is a hard-copy document, used for communicating inside an organization, usually short.

(备忘录):这是一个硬拷贝文件,供组织内,通常短暂交流使用。

(proxemics):the study of people’s perception and use of space.

(空间关系学): 人们的看法和空间利用研究。

(uncertainty avoidance):the degree to which the society is willing to accept and deal with ambiguity and uncertainty. (不确定性规避): 在何种程度上愿意为社会接受和处理模糊性和不确定性。

(Individualism):the degree to which individual decision-making and action is accepted and encouraged by the society.

(个人主义): 在何种程度上个人决策和行动是社会所接受和鼓励。

(taboos):practices or verbal expressions considered by a society or cultures as improper or unacceptable.

(禁忌):方式或一个社会或文化视为不当或不可接受的口头表达。

(superstitions):beliefs that are inconsistent with the knows laws of science or what society considers to be true and rational.

(迷信):信仰与科学规律的认识还是什么社会认为是真实和理性的不一致。

(culture shock):this term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.

(文化冲击):这个词表达了缺乏方向,在不知道该怎么做或如何在新的环境的东西,不知道什么是适当或不适当的感觉。

(rejection): a coping mechanism against culture shock in w hich we think we don’t need anybody, and we are coping fine alone.

(拒绝):一对文化的冲击中,我们认为我们不需要任何人,我们是很好应付独自应对机制。

(customs):they are behaviors generally expected in specific situations and are established, socially acceptable ways of behaving in given circumstances.

(习俗,):他们普遍预计的具体情况和建立行为,在一定情况下表现为社会接受的方式。

(personal territory):it refers to the space that people have for their own activities.

(个人领域):它指的是空间,人们为自己的活动

二.正负判断。(F,T)

三,名词解释。

(一)Hofstede's four cultural dimensions (please provide examples if possible)

霍夫斯泰德的四个文化维度(请提供例子,如果可能的话)

答案:mean: Hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions for diferentiating cluture .is:

1. Power Distance :include 1. small power distance cluture.

2. large power distance cluture .

2. Individualism Versus Collectivism

3. Masculinity versus Femininity

4. Uncertainty Avoidance

For example, the power of the United States views with the views of Arab countries there is a big difference to the U.S. power is not very fancy, they pay more attention to personal ability to play, the pursuit of power to be a lot less than the Arab countries; Arab countries due to national Institutional relations, focusing on the power of binding, thus, the Arab countries, institutions, whether government departments or enterprises are more or less with the power of color.

(比如,美国对权力的看法跟阿拉伯国家的看法就存在很大的差异,美国不是很看中权力,他们更注重个人能力的发挥,对权力的追求比阿拉伯国家要逊色不少;阿拉伯国家由于国家体制的关系,注重权力的约束力,由此,阿拉伯国家的机构,不管是政府部门或者企业都多多少少带有权力的色彩。)

(二) low context culture (please provide an examples if possible)

低语境文化(请提供一个例子,如果可能的话)

答案the low context culture is the listener knows very little and must be told practically everything.

低语境文化就是听众知道很少,几乎一切都必须被告知)

Example:1: A German, an American, a Japanese to the same restaurant, ordered a hamburger are the result of the negligence of the cook the meat of the three have burned the hamburgers, and asked the three people would say German paste directly criticize the meat, criticized the chef;

Americans said that although the meat tastes very good, but bread, salad, shallot taste pretty good;

The Japanese would say, bread, salad, onion is delicious.

(一个德国人,一个美国人,一个日本人到同一家餐厅,都点了一个汉堡,结果由于厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉都烤糊了,问,三个人会对此次说什么:德国人会直接批判这个糊了的肉,批评这个厨师;美国人会说,虽然肉的口味不太好,但是面包,沙拉,香葱的味道还不错;日本人会说,面包,沙拉,香葱的味道不错。)

2. American contracts are usually about ten times longer than French contracts. Americans like to have a lot of the context stated explicity.The French don’t care very much about the explanation,as much of the information is taken for granted.

(三)high context culture (please provide an examples if possible)

答案:the high context culture is listener is already ‘contexted’ and so does not need to be given much background information.

(在高语境文化监听器已经'contexted'等并不需要给予太多的背景资料。)

两个题目的例子可以用上一个来解释

4.{企业文化(corporate culture)(请提供一个例子,如果可能的话)}

答案:In simple term, corporate culture is "the way things work in a corporation." (如果记不住,主要这一句就可以了).Corporate culture is the individual consciousness and the meaning of the general, the energy embodied in the enterprise organizational behavior. Specifically refers to the entire staff in the business operation process of the formation of training, organizational behavior and business associate, and in fact become the mainstream consciousness of all employees to abide by the highest goals, value system, the basic beliefs and the organization

code of conduct Combined.

(简单来说,企业文化是“事物的方式在公司工作。”企业文化是企业个性意识及内涵的总称,其能以企业组织行为所体现。具体指企业全体员工在企业运行过程中所培育形成的、与企业组织行为相关联的、并事实上成为全体员工主流意识而被共同遵守的最高目标、价值体系、基本信念及企业组织行为规范的总和。)

Example:

四,简答题

1)what is nonverbal communication? what are the functions of nonverbal communication in general?

答案:Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages in a given situation or context. Nonverbal communication, according to Samovar and Porter, involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. “Nonverbal communication is a way of communication without words.”Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used. Nonverbal communication is everything except the actual words.

Nonverbal communication plays an important part in intercultural communication, even more important than verbal communication.

There are six functions of nonverbal communication in general: accenting, complementing, contradicting, regulating, repeating and substituting.

1)什么是非语言的沟通?什么是一般非语言沟通的功能?

答案:非语言的沟通是通过非言语行为的使用,单独或与言语行为的交流与组合在特定的情况或上下文的消息解释的过程。非语言沟通,根据萨莫瓦尔和波特,涉及所有那些在通信设置,同时由他的来源和使用环境,而且有潜在的源或接收消息值生成非语言刺激。“非语言沟通是没有文字的沟通方式。”

1。非语言交流是通过非语言行为的使用过程。非语言的沟通是一切,除了实际的话。

2。非语言沟通在跨文化沟通中扮演一个重要组成部分,甚至比语言沟通的重要。

3。有六大功能一般非语言沟通:重音,补充,矛盾,调节,重复和替代。

2) Do you know any taboo in chinese culture? Or any taboo in other cultures?

答案:In China, messages should not be written in red ink as this has connotations of death.

The biggest taboo in Chinese culture is “death”. When the Chinese are talking about it, they rarely say the word directly, but fin d some other expressions to take the place of it. They often say someone is “sleeping” or “gone”.

2)你知道中国文化中的任何禁忌?或在其他任何禁忌的文化?

答案:在中国,消息不应该用红墨水写,因为这已经死亡的内涵。

中华文化中的最大忌讳的是“死亡”。当中国正在谈论它,他们很少直接说这个词,但发现一些其他表达式采取它的地方。他们经常说某人是“睡眠”或“消失”。

中文?英语<~ 复制

在中国,白色常是大悲之色和贫穷之色

1,In China, white is often mantra of color and poverty of color .2,In early China, the feminist higher than male is taboo在中国早期,女权高于男权是禁忌.

3). What kind of influence cultural differences may have on negotiation? Give some examples if possible. 什么样的影响文化差异对谈判吗?举例说明,如果可能的话。

答案:(1).Negotiating Goal: Contract or Relationship

Example: Americans consider a signed contract as a definitive set of rights and duties that strictly binds the two sides and determines their interaction thereafter. Most Spanish and French negotiators have also claimed that their primary goal in a negotiation was a signed contract. The Chinese often think that the goal of a negotiation is not a signed contract, but the creation of a relationship between the two sides. 美国人都认为签订合同,一套明确的权利

和义务严格使双方相互作用并决定了他们的音讯。大多数西班牙语和法语谈判代表声称,他们的主要目标在谈判签订合同。中国人往往认为这个目标的谈判并非签订合同,但是关系的创造两块。

(2).Negotiating Attitude: Win/Win or Win/Lose

Example: Chinese love from Lose/Win to Win/Win way

(3).Personal Style :Informal or Formal

It has been observed, for example, that Germans have a more formal style than American. A negotiator with a formal style insists on addressing counterparts by their titles, avoids personal anecdotes, and refrains from questions touching on the private or family life of members of the other team.

(4).Communication: Direct or Indirect

Example: Some groups place emphasis on losedirect and simple methods. It has been observed, for example, that whereas Germans, Americans and the Spanish are direct, the French and the Chinese are indirect.

(5).Form of Agreement: General or Specific

Example: Americans prefer very detailed contracts that attempt to anticipate all possible circumstances and eventualities, no matter how unlikely. Other cultures,such as the Chinese,prefera contract in the form of general principles rather than detailed rules.

3)。什么样的影响文化差异可能对谈判?举几个例子,如果可能的。

答案:(1)谈判目标:。合同或关系

例如:美国人认为,作为一个权利和义务明确的设置,严格约束,并确定双方随后签署的合同及其相互作用。大多数西班牙和法国的谈判也声称,他们在谈判的主要目的是签署合同。在中国往往认为谈判的目的不是签署合同,但双方之间的关系创造。

。(2)谈判态度:赢/赢或赢/输

例如:中国人喜欢从输/赢到赢/赢的方式.

。(3)个人风格:正式或非正式

据观察,例如,德国人比美国人更正式的风格。一个有正式文体谈判代表坚持在解决他们的职称同行,避免个人轶事,从对其他团队成员的私人或家庭生活的感人问题和摆在眼前。

4)通讯:。直接或间接

例如:有的直接和简单的方法,小组中进行的重视。据观察,例如,而德国人,美国人和西班牙是直接的,法国和中国都是间接的。

。(5)表格的协议:一般或特定

例如:美国人喜欢很详细的合同,企图预计到所有可能出现的情况和发生的情况,无论多么不可能的。其他文化,如中国,在详细的规则,而不是一般原则的形式prefera合同。

4). What is culture shock? What are the the stages of culture shock?

答案:(1).A: Culture shock expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.

B:five stages of culture shock can be identified as: honeymoon stage, hostility stage, recovery stage, adjustment stage, adjustment stage and biculturality stage.

C: The symptoms of culture shock include two aspects: physical and psychological.

D: People can suffer from the symptoms of culture shock in a new place and in their own country as well.

E: There are some mechanisms against culture shock, such as repression, regression, isolation and rejection. Culture shock can be alleviated, or minimized.

(2).A: The Honeymoon Stage

B: The Hostility Stage

C: The Recovery Stage

D: The Adjustment stage

E: The Biculturality Stage

4)。什么是文化冲击?什么是文化冲击的阶段?

答案:(1):。文化休克表示缺乏方向,在不知道该怎么做或如何在新的环境的东西,不知道什么是适当或不适当的感觉。

乙:五个阶段的文化冲击,可确定为:蜜月阶段,敌对阶段,恢复阶段,调整阶段,调整阶段和biculturality阶段。

丙:文化休克的症状包括两个方面:身体和心理。

e:人们可能会感受到一个新的地方文化休克症状,并在自己的国家也是。

电子邮件:有一些对文化冲击的机制,如镇压,回归,孤立和排斥。文化冲击可以得到缓解,或最小化。(2):。蜜月期

乙:舞台的敌意

空调:恢复阶段

D:该调整阶段

E:自然Biculturality阶段

朗读

跨文化交际试题 附答案

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案) Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

跨文化交际论文题目

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9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美(西)家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪

6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题

Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题:(1.0分) 在日本,喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧,在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答: B 参考答案: B 2. 单选题:(1.0分)

在日本,自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料? A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答: B 参考答案: B 3. 单选题:(1.0分) 在拉丁美洲,管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性

D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答: A 参考答案: A 4. 单选题:(1.0分) 在拉丁美洲,人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触,因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答: C 参考答案: C

5. 单选题:(1.0分) 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答: D 参考答案: D 6. 单选题:(1.0分) 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见

B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答: A 参考答案: A 7. 单选题:(1.0分) 在印度,进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物,用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物,用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答: D 参考答案: D

跨文化商务交际的非言语交际

跨文化商务交际的非言语交际 摘要:在跨文化商务交际中,非语言交际起着非常重要的作用,人们对非语言行为的忽视或非语言行为使用失误往往会引起交际双方的误会和交际的失败,甚至带来不必要的麻烦,因此了解中西方在非言语交际方面的差异对促进跨文化商务交际是非常有必要的。 一、非语言交际的重要性 交际分为语言交际和非语言交际。在跨文化交际中,人们对语言交际非常重视,而对非语言交际行为的了解却很少,但根据有关学者研究发现,非语言交际占整个交际过程的70%。心理学家赫拉别思也提出过这样的一个公式:信息传播总效果=7%的语言+38%的语调语速+55%的表情和动作。这也就是说“我们用发音器官说话,但我们用整个身体交谈。”而不同文化下的非语言交际形式与内涵存在很大的差异,对交流的成败有着重要的影响。 随着经济全球化的发展,商务交流扩大,跨文化下的商务活动越来越多,非语言交际差异所带来的影响也越来越大。在本文化中的善意的表示,在对方文化中却可能是敌意的表示,小到引起客人之间的矛盾和误会,影响一份合同的签订,关系的破裂;大到影响国家的经济利益甚至政治利益。由于非语言行为总是在无意中表达出来,当存在语言障碍时,人们更倾向于求助于非语言表达,因此,在商务活动中了解对方的非语言交际文化是非常必要的。 二、几种非言语交际行为的中西差异 非言语行为包括体态语、眼神交流、身体接触、体味、副语言(沉

默语)、时间语、空间语等。非言语行为在跨文化交际中呈现出一定的共性,如微笑、大笑、皱眉、哭的表达方式全世界的人都非常类似,而不同文化的非言语行为的个性特点是交际中的问题之所在。错误的非言语行为或对非言语行为的误解可能会导致交际失败,会使我们失去友谊,严重者可能会丢掉做生意的机会。下面着重介绍中西方在体态语、眼神交流、时间语以及沉默语方面的差异。 1. 不同文化中体态语含义不同 体态语是非言语行为中非常重要的行为,有的学者认为体态语是整个非言语行为的研究基础,有的学者认为“体态即信息”。这里将介绍手势、、拥抱、亲吻三种体态语。 ⑴手势 在不同的国家、不同的地区手势有不同的含义。在美国文化中的“OK”动作,在日本文化中却是指“金钱”,同样的动作在拉美等国则表示“猥亵”、“诲淫”之义,在阿拉伯人中这一动作常常伴随以咬紧牙关,用来表示深恶痛绝。如果不了解手势的意义因文化而异,不了解手势的多义性,我们在跨文化交往时势必会犯错误。一个典型例子就是V 形手势。现在我们都知道掌心朝外的V 形手势代表胜利。但是,常常有人用掌心向内的V 形手势来表示胜利,却不知,这样会表达完全相反的意思,即下流的、猥亵性侮辱用法。在跨文化商务交际中适度地引用手势能够让对方清楚地了解交际的内容和目的。 (2)拥抱

跨文化交际试题

1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .(D ) A. new technology and information system B. changes in the world’s population C. a shift in the world’s economic arena D. A, B and C 2.___C___ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world. A. Show business B. I.T. C. international film industry D. Mass media 3.__A____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact. A. Schools B. Community C. Workplace D. club 4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____. A. the complex nature of communication B. the issue of intentionality C. the issue of unintentionality D. A, B and C 5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place __A___. A. without awareness B. consciously C. intentionally D. deliberately 6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? D A. Communication is dynamic https://www.doczj.com/doc/f06742335.html,munication is symbolic https://www.doczj.com/doc/f06742335.html,munication is Interpretive D. Communication is static 7. Communication has a consequence means that ___D___. A. Communication is irreversible B.Our response to message does not have to be immediate C. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture? C A. Values B. Emotions C. Personality D. Attitudes 9. We learn our culture not through __D______. A. proverbs B. art C. mass media D. self-taught 10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B______ of a culture resists major alterations. A. history B. the deep structure C. background D. tradition 11. ___C___ is at the core of intercultural communication. A. sender B. receiver C. culture D. language 12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.C A. Diffusion B. Acculturation C. Invention D. Innovation 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _____A____ and ________ in which they are used. A. different styles, the contexts B. grammar, accent C. different styles, the speech acts D. vocabulary, the pronunciation 14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.B A. the tone, gaze, posture B. the voice, the face, the body C. the pitch, gaze, gesture D. the pace, the distance, touch 15. ___B__ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world. A. Interpretation B. Perception C. Analysis D. Understanding

(精选)跨文化交际复习题

跨文化交际复习题: 1、跨文化交流障碍产生的原因有哪些? 2、试用霍夫斯泰德的文化价值理论来分析中美课堂的主要差异及原因。 3、试分析电视剧《小爸爸》第32集中(法庭审理)体现出的主要中美文化 差异。 4、试简要叙述文化的“洋葱论”和“冰山论”。 5、请简要阐述跨文化敏感度发展模式的6个阶段。 6、非言语交流方式有哪一些?列举几个国家非言语交流方式含义的差异。 7、国际礼仪的基本原则有哪些? 8、国际惯例、本国礼俗与入乡随俗之间的关系如何处理?请举例说明。 9、什么是着装的TPO原则? 10、简述男士西装与女士套裙的着装规范。 11、见面介绍与行握手礼应遵从什么顺序? 12、名片的使用有哪些注意事项? 13、西餐的餐桌礼仪包含哪几个方面?试简述每一方面的主要规范。 案例分析题: 一、请运用非语言沟通的知识来分析以下案例。 【案例1】 Mark因为工作的原因从丹麦搬到悉尼做销售人员。三周后,他被邀请加入一个当地的俱乐部。最初的几周里,他总是要么坐在沙发里听别人聊天,要么站在角落里与人交谈,慢慢地他熟悉了俱乐部里的所有人。一天,在一个晚间聚会上,一位俱乐部女性成员走近他,他们开始很有兴致地谈论晚会的气氛。刚开始,

谈话的气氛很好,可是慢慢地Mark发现,这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时,一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼,她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来,留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。

二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例: 【案例2】 德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜,因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花,正犹豫再买点什么,听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客,他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他,摊主一边为他称菜,一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说:“我是先来的,你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答:“我看你半天没吱声,以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗?!”Nowak回家的路上,一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”,太容易被人欺负了。 三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例: 【案例3】 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁(美国人)与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈,想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题,而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系,以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等,讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解,没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了,因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次,“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算,想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了,可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后,副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道,同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦,“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人?”作为人力资源总监,他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂,虽然极力向双方辩解,但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。 四、自行寻找案例,用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。

跨文化商务交际答案

跨文化商务交际答案名词对应。 ( Kinesics ):the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body. (身势):非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。 ( etiquette ):it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations. (礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。 (pragmatics) :it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors. (语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。 (power distance):the degree to which power differences are

expected and accepted by society. (权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。

choices and for resolving conflicts? (价值观):学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。 (reverse culture shock) :it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one J s home culture after growing used to a new one? (反向文化冲击):它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。 (Recovery stage):a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understariding of the new culture? (恢复期):一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。(Semantics): it is the study of the meaning of words, a system that relates words to meaning. (语义):这是含义的话,一个系统,涉及词意义的研究。(Memo):it is a hard-copy docume nt, used for communicating inside an organization, usually short?(备忘录):这是一个硬拷贝文件,供组织内,通常短暂交流使用。 (proxemics):the study of peopled perception and use of space? (空间关系学):人们的看法和空间利用研究。 (uncertainty avoidance):the degree to which the society

跨文化商务交际 论文

跨文化商务交际论文(非语言行为) [摘要] 跨文化商务沟通中,非语言交际起着举足轻重的作用,它涵盖了体态语、商务礼仪,以及时空安排等多方面内容,体现了跨文化商务沟通中人的价值取向和行为准则,发挥着独特的社会语用功能,但不同文化下的非语言交际存在着很大的差异。本文对此进行了分析,为商务活动顺利进行提供参考。 [关键词] 非语言行为跨文化商务沟通 交际分为语言交际和非语言交际。在跨文化交际中,人们对语言交际非常重视,而对非语言交际行为的了解却很少,但根据有关学者研究发现,非语言交际占整个交际过程的70%。心理学家赫拉别思也提出过这样的一个公式:信息传播总效果=7%的语言+38%的语调语速+55%的表情和动作。这也就是说“我们用发音器官说话,但我们用整个身体交谈。”而不同文化下的非语言交际形式与内涵存在很大的差异,对交流的成败有着重要的影响。 随着商务交流扩大,跨文化下的商务活动越来越多,非语言交际差异所带来的影响也越来越大。在本文化中的善意的表示,在对方文化中却可能是敌意的表示,由此可能导致整个商务谈判交往的失败。由于非语言行为总是在无意中表达出来,当存在语言障碍时,人们更倾向于求助于非语言表达,因此,在商务活动中了解对方的非语言交际文化是非常必要的。 跨文化商务沟通中的非语言交流大致包括体态语(body language)和商务礼仪(business manner),体态又包括表情(expression)、姿态(posture)、手势(gesture)、接触(contact)等。 一、不同文化的商务礼仪中非语言交际表达的内涵不尽相同 商务礼仪涉及到如何选择合适的时间、地点、赠送或接受礼物等,是商务活动中重要的一环,虽然通常有一些国际惯例需要遵从,但不同的文化背景下仍有很大的区别。 赠送礼物是商务礼仪的必要环节。中国虽有“礼轻情意重”一说,但实际操作中却讲究以礼物的厚重来表示重视对方;但在欧美国家,礼物过重反而会引起误解,会被认为送礼者有所求。被作为礼物赠送的物品在另一种文化下却可能成为忌讳的东西,如中国的手绘、刺绣、真丝手帕是许多国际友人喜爱的工艺品,但在地中海沿岸,手帕代表“诀别”,是商务交往中非常忌讳的东西。 拜访或约会也是常见的商务活动,但在时间上不同文化有不同选择。中国人常喜欢选择周末、节假日进行拜访,因为在中国节假日是亲朋好友欢聚的最佳时间。但欧美人却不喜欢在这一时间接待朋友或接受邀清。他们认为节假日是个人与家人团聚的时间,如果被邀赴约,尤其是公务约会,则认为对方有意妨碍他人。 讨论或汇报工作时,东方上司通常坐着,下属站着;而在西方文化中则相反,上级通常站着,因为他们感觉站着更能控制局面。站立似乎是西方人社会交往的一种习惯,他们通常站着开会,站着接待,聚会时站着交谈,年轻人也从来不会因没有为老年人让座受到责备。美国男人坐着时喜欢把一条腿放在另一条腿上,脚尖朝着旁边的人,而这种翘着二郎腿的习惯却是中国人难以接受的,这种姿势被认为是对客人的极大不礼貌。 礼貌是商务交往中必须遵循的原则,但在表达礼貌的方式上,不同文化下的民族有其各自的特点,相同的表示在不同文化下会产生不同的含义,因此作为商务人员必须了解,以免造成活动的失败。 在大多数国家,人们用握手的形式表示问候或欢迎,而日本人是以鞠躬来表示。鞠躬也是全人类都共有的礼貌姿态,但这种共有的礼貌姿态在中西方民族之间是有着“度”的差异。通过观察我们会发现,中国人的欠身或者略为弯腰的动作用得较多,日本人表现得更突出;而西方人的欠身动作则少得多。在有些文化中是以不同形式的拥抱或接吻来表示礼貌和欢

跨文化交际试卷1

( ) 1. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________. A. successful communication B. verbal communication C. bilateral communication D. unsuccessful communication ( ) 2. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offered a second helping , but you have already had enough. What would you say? “_________”. A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful. B. No, I don’t want that. C. No, I don’t like it. D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks. ( ) 3. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of a family, community or other group. A. independence B. individuals C. customers D. cultures ( ) 4. The _________ of a person is his or her family name. A. given name B. middle name C. surname D. initials ( ) 5. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________ relatives in Britain. A. internal and external B. old and young 2015年12月江苏省高等教育自学考试 跨文化交际 一、 选择题(每小题1分,共10分) 在下列各题中选出正确的选项,并将其字母标号填入题前的括号内。

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版

期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇(20%) ? 2. 选词填空:15个句子(15个备选项,课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。(15%) ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题:课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的)。(25%) 4. 实用写作:一封信什么的(格式)(10%) 5. 写作:给出某个文化现象观点,运用所学文化差异进行评论 (comment)。(30%) 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题(文化现象),我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论,议论文形式。 价值观,家庭观,社会关系朋友观,饮食观,教育观,时间观等 篇目:Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty:谦虚的 humor:幽默的 sportsmanship:运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?

跨文化商务交际

跨文化商务交际Intercultural Business Communication 窦卫霖编著

前言 一个企业的成功,不仅取决于它的生产能力,而且取决于它的文化能力;在国际商务活动中,还取决于它的跨文化交际能力。 经济全球化的趋势、国际商务活动的日益频繁,越来越显示出对多元文化理解的必要性和跨文化交际能力的重要性。跨文化意识意味着直接的经济效益。如果一个企业想让自己的产品在国际市场上占有一席之地,一个跨国公司想在其他国家或地区取得经济效益,那么就不仅需要具有高超的经济、技术和管理水平,而且需要深刻了解对象国的文化。正因为如此,世界上许多大公司在国际商务活动中都十分重视跨文化交流的研究和培训,许多经贸类大学都把跨文化商务交际课程作为必修课。 21世纪的中国是走向国际广泛合作的中国。自中国加入WTO以来,国际著名跨国集团公司、金融机构、工商企业都纷纷来中国设立分支机构、分公司,招聘大量的中国雇员。同时,中国工商贸易企业也在不断加大出口力度,在国内外建立跨国公司,雇佣来自不同文化背景的雇员。文化合作已成为当代中国商务合作的重要内容。文化交融现象激励商务英语教学加速培养复合型的经贸外语人才,促进他们不仅要掌握跨学科的专业知识,而且要具备跨文化交往的技能。在商务英语教学中把跨文化交际能力的培养放在十分突出的位置已经成为普遍的共识。 那么在培养复合型人才的战略中,如何培养和提高跨文化交际的能力呢?在我国,经贸学校一般都开设有关跨文化交际的课程,跨文化交际专著、论文也不断涌现。但总体来说,跨文化商务交际在我国商界和相关专业的教学中还处于比较薄弱的初级阶段,与发达国家相比还有较大的差距,尤其是如何把商务活动实践与跨文化交际理论结合起来,如何把国际商务文化与中国本土文化结合起来,还是一个难题。这方面的书籍也特别少,适合商英类专业学生使用的教材更少。有鉴于此,作者根据多年跨文化交际和跨文化商务交际教学的经验,参考了大量国内外的最新相关材料,编写了这本《跨文化商务交流》教材,希望成为大学英语相关专业学生以及商务人员进修提高的可用教材。 全书分上、下两篇共十二章,: 上篇以跨文化交际学的基本理论和主要内容为框架,阐述交际与文化的关系、文化价值观对跨文化交际的影响,分别介绍跨文化交际过程中文化差异在言语和非言语方面的具体表现。第一章为概论,介绍跨文化交际和跨文化商务交际的定义、概念、发展及其意义;第二章着重讨论交际的基本理论及其在商务交际中的应用;第三章阐述文化的定义、作用、特征;第四章集中讨论价值观的文化差异及其在商务活动中的表现;第五和第六章分别探讨了文化差异在言语和非言语方面的种种表现。 下篇运用跨文化交际学的基本理论具体分析商务实践活动的几个重要方面,即跨文化商务写作(第七章)、跨文化商务礼仪(第八章)、跨文化商务谈判(第九章)、跨文化商务营销(第十章)、跨文化商务法律和伦理(第十一章)、跨国商务组织(企业)文化(第十二章)。 本教材希望体现这样一些特点: 第一,教学理念上强调师生的互动关系,强调提高学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力,每个章节都选择了商务交往的生动案例和多种形式的练习供师生之间、学生之间进行讨论交流;书中大量分析了因文化差异而造成的交际误解或失败,并就如何有效地进行跨文化商务沟通提出改进的办法; 第二,内容上力图将跨文化交际理论与现实商务交往的实践相结合,以真实生动的商务交际的成败事例说明理论,对跨文化商务交际实践中的经验和教训进行理论分析和提升,

完整的跨文化交际试卷(2011-11-6)

浙江中医药大学2011-2012学年第一学期 英语专业本科2009年级《跨文化交际》考试试卷A 考生姓名 学 号 专业 年级班级 考试日期 2011年 12 月 14 日考试时间13:30-15:00考试方式 闭卷 说明:本试卷共5页,卷面100分,占总成绩20 %。 ………………………………………………………………………………………… I. Multiple Choices (本大题共_15_题,每题_2_分,共_30_分) Direction: There are 15 statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose ONE that best completes the statement. 1. _________is any policy, practice, belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race. A. Sexism B. Collectivism C. Racism D. Individualism 2. is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad)just because the person is a member of a specific group. A. Racism B. Prejudice C. Sexism D. Stereotype 3. 4 feet to 12 feet, the distance between salespeople and customers and between people who work together, is called zone. A. intimate B. personal C. social D. public 4. The environment in which communication takes place and helps define the communication is ___. A. channel B. context C. feedback D. message 5. A characteristic typically associated with individualism is_____________: A. personal autonomy B. shared responsibility C. restricted code D. elaborate code

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