-ing分词用法归纳
1. -ing分词概述
-ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成，与动词的现在分词形式一致。
-ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表：
2. -ing分词的意义
(1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：
He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。
They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。(2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时，表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后；
He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。
He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。
Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了，让她一个人在那儿哭。
(3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：
Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗？
I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind t o us. 尽管他对我们不友好，我对帮助他还是不后悔。
(4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如：
I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。
(5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如：
Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。(6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如：
Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信，他决定再给她写封信。
(7) -ing分词的主动形式，表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者；过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如：
Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看，就会发现这座城市很美。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去，这座城市看起来很美。
(8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如：
Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做，他去请求老师的帮助。
Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白，他又去向老师询问这件事。
3. -ing分词的句法功能
-ing分词具有动词的一些特征，可带自己的宾语或状语，从而一起构成动词—ing 形式的短语。这个动词—ing 形式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句子中，可做句子的主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等成分。
(1) 作主语
-ing分词短语放在句子的前面做主语，但当-ing分词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如：
Reading makes a man perfect. 阅读使人完美。
Crying over spilt milk is no use. —It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶倒了，哭也无益。
-ing分词做真正的主语时常用于句型：It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing… / It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如：
It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。
It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。
(2) 作宾语
-ing分词既可做某些动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
a. -ing分词并不是做所有及物动词的宾语，而是只能做某些及物动词的宾语，如：admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop及下列短语动词的宾语：carry on, can’t help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devote…to, be / get used to, lead to。如：
I dislike playing cards. 我不喜欢打牌。
He enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。
He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一进入办公室就开始工作。
b. 下列动词或形容词: want, require, need, deserve, worth带-ing分词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。如：
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。
c. 介词除besides, but, except接不定式外，一般都须接-ing分词作宾语。如：
You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。
On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。
(3) 作表语
-ing分词作表语时，有两种情况，一方面，当-ing分词具有名词性质时，-ing分词短语说明主语的内容；另一方面，当-ing分词具有形容词性质时，-ing分词说明主语的性质或特征。如：
His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容)
His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征)
注意：当-ing分词的动作是主语所发出的时，句子不是系表结构，而是动词现在进行时。如：
He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时)
(4) 作宾语的补足语
下列动词可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。
a. 感、知觉动词：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如：
I heard her singing in the next door。我听见她在隔壁唱歌。
I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。
b. 动词find, get, have, keep, leave, send，suggest可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如：
I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。
(5) 作定语
-ing分词作定语时，分两种情况。
a. 单个的动词—ing 形式作定语时，它总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如：
China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
Would you please give me some writing paper? 请给一些书写纸好吗？
b. -ing分词接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如：
The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei. 在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。Don’t trouble the dog sleeping over there. 不要惹事生非。
(6) 作同位语
-ing分词作同位语时，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：
His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much. 他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法使我们很感兴趣。
The goal, making two thousand cars this month, excites the workers. 本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。
(7) 作状语
-ing分词在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。如：
a. 作时间状语
Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples. 把房子打扫后，她又继续帮助母亲摘苹果。
Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again. 吃过早餐后，他又开始去寻找工作。
b. 作原因状语
Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America. 由于不懂英语，他发现在美国跟人们交流很困难。
Getting up late, he missed his early train. 由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。c. 作条件状语
Living in a polluted environment, people may fall ill easily. 如果生活在受污染的环境中，人们很容易生病。
Loving others, you will be loved by others. 如果你爱他人，你就会得到他人的爱。d. 作让步状语
Being at school or at home, she is a good girl. 不管是在学校还是在家，她都是个好姑娘。
Talking or acting, he is very honest. 无论是说话还是做事，他都很诚实。
e. 作方式状语
He went there riding his bike. 他骑单车去那里。
They make money selling fruits. 他们靠卖水果挣钱。
f. 作伴随状语
He used to sit there thinking. 过去他常坐在那里思考。
He walked along the river singing in a low voice. 他一边沿着河边走一边低声唱着歌儿。
g. 作目的状语。作目的状语的-ing分词一般是表示所从事的活动方面的动词，如：boating, climbing, fishing, hunting, riding, sailing, shopping, shooting, skating, skiing, swimming, walking, washing等。
I often go shopping with mother on Sundays. 星期天我常跟妈妈买东西。
Will you please go skating with me this afternoon? 今天下午跟我去滑冰好吗？
h. 作程度状语。作程度状语时，常用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet. 他淋了一场大雨，把衣服全部弄湿了。
He wore his thin coat in freezing cold days and fell ill soon. 他在冰冷的天还穿着单薄的大衣，不久就病倒了。
i. 作结果状语
He cut down the trees in front of his house, having its roof blown off by strong wind. 他把房前的树给砍了，结果大风把房顶刮走了。
He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt. 他死了，留给妻子和孩子的只有巨大的债负。
4. -ing分词的一些惯用法
在英语实际交际中，还有一些特殊用法或句型。如：
(1) There be no doing = It is impossibl e to do …。如：
There is no telling whether he will keep his words. 他会不会遵守诺言很难说。(2) How / What about doing… = How do you like …/ What do you think of… 如：How about hiking this Sunday? 本周星期天去远足怎么样？
(3) on doing…= as soon as + clause , 如：
On hearing the bad news, the little girl burst out crying. 一听到这一噩耗，小女孩就大哭了起来。
(4) There be no end to doing… 无止境。如：
If everyone wants others to dance to his music, there will be no end to fighting in the world. 要是大家都要其它的人来按照他的意志做事，那么世界上就永远没有安宁的日子。
(5) without so much as doing = even…. not. 甚至，连…都没有。如：
He started his company without so much as having his own office. 他创办公司时连自己的办公室都没有。
(6) lose no time in doing = begin to do …at once. 立刻做…。如：
There are very few days left for College Entrance Examination, so we can lose no time in revising our lessons. 离高考没几天了，我们得抓紧复习我们的功课了。
(7) be up on the point of doing … = be going to do …即将做…。如：
We believe our China is on the point of creating a new era. 我们相信我们中国即将开创一个新时代。
(8) in (the) hope of doing …怀着…希望。如：
After graduating from university, he went to Shenzhen in the hope of finding a good job. 大学毕业以后，他去深圳希望找到一个好的工作。
(9) for the purpose of doing …= for the sake of …为了…。如：
He went on studying abroad for the purpose of serving the people better. 他继续去国外深造以便能更好地为人民服务。
(10) come near doing… = almost do…几乎，差一点儿。如：
He came near dying in the traffic accident. 他在那场车祸中差一点丧了命。
5. -ing分词的复合结构
根据句子意思的需要，有时须在-ing分词前加上适当的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语与-ing分词一起就构成了-ing分词的复合结构。
(1) -ing分词的复合结构形式
a. 一般说来，-ing分词的复合结构是由形容词性的物主代词或名词的所有格与-ing分词构成。如：
His ( Li Lei’s ) singing / writin g / painting attracts many people. 他的唱歌 / 写字 / 绘画吸引了很多人。
b. 当-ing分词的复合结构作宾语时，-ing分词的复合结构也可用人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格与-ing分词构成。如：
The teacher suggested us / our / Li Lei / Li Lei’s waiting for Wu Dong at the station. 老师建议我们 / 李蕾在车站等吴东。
Do you mind me / my / Li Lei / L i Lei’s reading aloud in the classroom? 我 / 李蕾在教室里大声朗读你介意吗？
动词be的—ing 形式的复合结构不管是作主语还是作宾语，它的复合结构都必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格与-ing分词构成。如：
His / The teacher’s being there made me very tense. 他 / 老师在那儿使我非常紧张。
c. 在there be / stand / lie / exist 结构中，系动词—ing 形式的逻辑主语为：there。而没有主格、宾格之分。
I didn’t enter the room because of there being too many people in it. 由于房间里有很多人，我没有进去。
d. 当不定代词all, both, each, few, some, this等作动词—ing 形式的逻辑主语时，就用它们的普通形式。如：
All glittering is not gold. 闪光的不都是金子。
I don’t like this being cooked this way. 我不喜欢这东西这么煮。
(2) -ing分词的复合结构的作用
-ing分词的复合结构相当于一个名词或代词，在句子中可作句子的主语、宾语和表语。如：a. 作主语
His being ill troubled his parents. 他生病给他的父母亲带来了麻烦。
Their coming made us very happy. 他们的到来使我们大家很高兴。
b. 作宾语
We don’t like his coming late. 我们不喜欢他迟到。
I don’t mind him singing at nigh t. 我不介意他夜里唱歌。
c. 作表语
What matters most is his acting. 最要紧的是他的行为。
What surprised us most is his speaking. 使我们最吃惊的是他的发言。
高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲 解 高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲解 高考英语复习方法总结：分词讲解 我们要讨论一下英语中一种非常重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词的形式，即动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。今天我们着重讲一下分词。 分词，是动词的一种变化形式，只是这样变化完成之后，原先动词所具有的动作意义明显减弱了，更偏向于英语中形容词和副词的语法作用，因此在句中主要充当定语、状语和补足语。并且，使用分词可以起到简化定语从句和状语从句的作用，也就是分词可以起到定语和状语从句的语法作用，这一点我们会在下面的讲解中慢慢体会。 一、分词做定语 1、现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语主要有两种意义 (1)、表示主动、一般的动作 我们说过，分词是定语从句的简化，在分词表示这种意义时，若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用一般现在时。此时，现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone The exploring > (2)、表示主动地、正在进行的动作
此时现在分词所表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点，强调正在发生的动作 e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling 2、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语，也有两种意义 (1)、表示被动的、一般的或完成的动作 此时动词一般为及物动词，此时若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用被动语态 e.g the exploited > The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成) (2)、主动地、完成的动作 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义，而由不及物动词变来的过去分词则不表示被动，只表示主动完成的语态。 e.g a retired general=a general that has retired. 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词做状语 分词做状语，其实就是相应的状语从句简化的结果，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随 1、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。
过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the n oise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
过去分词用法归纳-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
过去分词用法归纳 Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。 一．状语 情况 1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because 等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice. 2
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比 一、表示日常生活或娱乐 come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动，表示来做某事或去做某事，此时两者用法基本相同，只是“方向”不同。 1. come doing 的用例 Come dancing. 来跳舞。 Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗? Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。 Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗? 2. go doing 的用例 It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.在湖上滑冰有危险。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。 Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西，你照管一下孩子，好吗? On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。 还可表示方式或伴随 go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式，或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如： She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 说明：在这类用法中，go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通，表示去进行该活动，其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似，只是方向不同，一个表示“来”做某事，一个表示“去”做某事。 同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多，通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking徒步旅行, hunting, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, dancing, shopping, fishing, water-skiing 等。 They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。 They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。 I’ m going shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去购物。， 二、表示“来”“去”的方式 come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词，可以“来”“去”的方式，含有“……来”“……去”之意，但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。 1. come doing的用例 She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。 2. go doing的用例 She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法
现在分词的用法 现在分词（Present Participle）（又称-ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点： 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试 比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） 三：否定式： 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not 1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A）现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。 女口：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.（smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。） 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B）现在分词的完成式：having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2）现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。 反之，用被动。 如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.（the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。） I found the car being washed.
高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)题库 一、单项选择一般现在时 1．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A．was served B．will serve C．is served D．served 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称，和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为C。 2． Temperatures________ quite dramatically at night in mountains, so put on some warm clothes before going out. A．are dropped B．drop C．are being dropped D．have dropped 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：山里的气温晚上下降得厉害，所以出门前穿上一些暖和的衣服。山里的气温到晚上骤降是自然状况，应该用一般现在时的主动语态。故选B。 考点：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 3．You’d better write down her address before you ________ it. A．forget B．are forgetting C．forgot D．will forget 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：趁你还没有忘记，最好把电话号码记下来。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A项 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．All of you ______ at the school gate! We’ll soon start. A．will gather B．gather C．will be gathering D．are gathering 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查祈使句。本文属祈使句。带有命令的口气，相当于“All of you , please gather at the school gate!”所以选B。所有人到学校门口集合，我们马上要出发了。 考点：考查祈使句
英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，作前置定语。例如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert．演奏会上，很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时，也可作后置定语。例如： Make sentences with the words given ．用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时，要放在被修饰代词之后，作后置定语。例如： Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing ． 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red ．(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red ．) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“感到……的”意思。例如： The match was very disappointing ． 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed ． 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动， 又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作 的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动 语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/
意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：
习题精选---分词用法: 1.The boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 8.The old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play 12.Tom was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 13.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD