Unit 1 Development of Nursing 护理学的发展
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which one of the following statements is right? (A)
A.Nursing before 19th century was developed slowly
B.Nursing before 19th century was developed rapidly
C.Nursing before 19th century was developed smoothly
D.Nursing before 19th century was developed with ease
2. Which one of the following statements is right? (B)
A. Florence Nightingale was born in 1825
B. Florence Nightingale was born in a wealthy family
C. Florence Nightingale was born in Germany
D. Florence Nightingale was not well-educated
3. How did Nurses’ Day come into being? (A)
A.It came from the Birthday of Florence Nightingale
B.It came from the Death date of Florence Nightingale
C.It came from the date of outbreak of Crimean War
D.It could not be verified
4. What is the theme of nursing? (C)
A.Diagnosis
B. Treatment
C. Caring
D. Physical examination
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. What major contributions have Florence Nightingale made for nursing? ( A B C )
A. Establishing the professional nursing
B. Writing numerous nursing documents
C. Establishing the First school of nursing in the world
D. Publishing the First nursing Journal in the world
E. Establishing the First Doctorial nursing program in the world
2. Choose the following correct concepts that dominate and shape the professional
nursing practice in modern nursing? (A B E F)
A. Person
B. Environment
C. Education
D. Practice
E. Health
F. Nursing
3. What are the main goals of professional nursing? (A C E F)
A. Health promotion
B. Health education
C. Health maintenance
D. Disease diagnosis
E. Health restoration
F. Care of the dying
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
health maintenance 保持健康health restoration 恢复健康care of the dying 临终关怀
四、简答题：
1. Why is nursing called the oldest art and the youngest profession?
2. What are the four main concepts of professional nursing practice?
Unit 2 Health and Illness 健康与疾病
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which definition of health is the most widely accepted? ( D ) .
A. traditional definition of health
B. Nightingale’s definition of health
C. the definition of ANA
D. the definition of WHO
2. Which factor is not a social factor that influence health? (B ).
A. family relationship
B. lifestyle
C. cultural background
D. health care system
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. According to WHO, Health involve__( A, C, E )_ well-being.
A. physical
B. functional
C. mental
D. individual
E. social
2. People’s health is influenced by __________. ( A, B, C, D, E )
A. physical factors
B. emotional factors
C. environmental factors
D. lifestyle
E. social factors
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
illness 生病disease疾病greenhouse effect 温室效应
You look pale. What happened? 你脸色苍白，发生什么事了？
Did you have something in your mind? You look so concerned!
你在想什么？看起来你好像有心事.
四、简答题：
1. What’s the difference between the illness and disease?
2. What are the factors that influence the health?
Unit 3 Health Promotion 健康促进
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which of the following is not included in the nursing strategies of health
promotion? _________ ( D )
A. supporting behavior changes
B. teaching
C. coordinating
D. giving injections
2. During the planning process a nurse acts as _____. (B)
A. an adviser
B. a resource person
C. a counselor
D. a consumer
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. Positive health promotion is aimed primarily at ____________. ( A, C)
A. improving health potential;
B. treating diseases;
C. maintaining health balance;
D. giving injections.
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
health promotion 健康促进self-care 自我护理
potential problems 潜在的健康问题
四、简答题：
1. What are the purposes of health promotion?
2. briefly state the role of nurses in health promotion.
Unit 4 Nursing Process 护理程序
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which level of th e Maslow’s hierarchy does self-esteem” belong to ___? ( C )
A. the second level
B. the third level
C. the forth level
D. the fifth level
2. The focus of nursing process is _______. ( B)
A. doctor’s order
B. patient’s problem
C. hospital’s equipment
D. medical treatment
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. The physical examination skills required by the nurse in nursing assessment
include __________. ( A,C, D, E )
A. inspection
B. interview
C. palpation
D. percussion
E. auscultation
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
nursing process护理程序nursing diagnosis护理诊断
nursing assessment护理评估nursing plan护理计划
nursing evaluation 护理评价nursing intervention护理措施
a hierarchy of human needs 人类需要层次论学说
This patient has many problems. What should I consider first?
这个病人有许多护理问题，我应当首先考虑哪个？
According to the Maslow’s hierarchy, you should consider the first level need such as breath, fluid and food needs.
根据马斯洛的需要层次论，你应当先考虑第一层次的需要，比如呼吸、体液以及食物等需要.
四、简答题：
1. How many steps is the nursing process divided? What are they?
2. How many levels is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs divided? What are they? Unit 5 Communication in nursing 护理沟通
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. ______ is an example of verbal communication. ( D)
A. touch
B. eye contact
C. facial expressions
D. writing letters
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. Communication serves four major functions, they are _________. ( A, B, D, E)
A. control
B. motivation
C. listening
D. emotional expression
E. information.
2. Nursing practice involves three kinds of communication. They are_______
( B, C, D)
A. two-way communication
B. social communication
C. structured communication
D. therapeutic communication.
E. effective communication
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
verbal communication 言语沟通nonverbal communication非言语沟通communication model 沟通模式
Anything wrong? 你怎么啦（你有什么不舒服吗）?
You look so sad. There must be something bothering you. Maybe I can help.
你看起来很伤心，一定有什么烦心的事。或许我能帮助你。
四、简答题：
1. What is nonverbal communication? Does it aid or hinder verbal communication?
2. What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?
Unit 6 Health Education 健康教育
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which of the following is not included in the sources of health education?
_____. ( B )
A. professional organizations
B. hospitals
C. medical societies and community
D. factories
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. The determinations of health include:_______. ( A, C. D, E )
A. human biology
B. medications
C. health care organization
D. life-style
E. environment
2. The purposes of health education are to reach a number of health goals, including
____________. ( A, B, C, D, E )
A. rehabilitation
B. informed consent
C. coping
D. self-care.
E. individual and family development
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
health education 健康教育life-style 生活方式well-being健康
四、简答题：
1. What are the determinants of health?
2. What are the sources of health education?
Unit 7 Community Nursing 社区护理
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. The core of a community is ________ ( B )
A. interest
B. people
C. organization
D. boundary
2. Primary Health Care is approved in _____ at the World Health Organization
Conference. (B)
A. 1968
B. 1978
C. 1988
D. 1998
3. The theoretical foundation for community health nursing is based on________.
( A )
A. the model of primary health care
B. the health promotion model
C. the model of public heath sciences
D. the modern medical model
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. The function of any community includes___________. ( A,C,D )
A members’ sense of belonging
B shared the same place
C shared identity, values, norms
D supporting behavior
E holding common rights
2. The characteristics of community health nursing include______. ( A, C, D, E )
A. population-focused
B. patients-focused
C. focusing on health promotion D focusing on illness prevention
E. using principles from management and organization theory
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
community社区community health nursing社区健康护理
primary health care 初级卫生保健
The clients of community health nursing include not only individuals, but also families, aggregate, and community.
社区健康护理的服务对象不仅包括个体，还有家庭、群体和社区。
四、简答题：
1. What are the characteristics of community health nursing?
Unit 8 Stress and Adaptation 压力与适应
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Who was known as the “father of stress”? _____ (A)
A. Hans Selye
B. Sigmud Freud
C. Jean Piaget
D. Eric Erickson
2.Which one is the common physiological stressor? _____ (C)
A. Low self-esteem
B. Extreme heat or cold
C. Disease
D. Conflict with colleagues
3. Which one is the common psychological stressor? ______ (B)
A. Loud noise
B. Low self-esteem
C. Disease
D.Conflict with colleagues
4. Which one is the common social stressor? ______ (D)
A. Loud noise
B. Low self-esteem
C. Disease
D.Conflict with colleagues
5. Which level of stress is necessary and desirable for optimal human functioning
according to the text?_______ (B)
A. Mild stress
B. Moderate level of stress
C. Excessive stress
D. No stress
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E according to the text.
1. The consequences of stress include: (A B C D E )
A. Lead to illness
B. Produce negative feeling about self
C. Alter a person’s perceptual ability
D. Interfere with problem-solving ability
E. Influence a person’s relationship with others
2. According to Hans Selye, the stages of human reaction to stress include: _(A D E)
A. Alarm reaction stage
B. Latent stage
C. Perceptual stage
D. The stage of resistance
E. The stage of exhaustion
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
stress 压力adaptation 适应stressor 压力源
You look upset/ concerned/ worried. 你看起来很心烦/担心/闷闷不乐.
What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? 怎么了?
四、简答题：
1. What factors can affect the impact of stressor?
2. What are the consequences of stress?
Unit 9 Rehabilitation 康复护理
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. The aim of rehabilitation is to enhance ________. ( C )
A. people’s abil ity of health promotion
B. people’s ability to deal with problems
C. people’s ability to live independently
D. people’s ability to participate social work
2. The function limitation caused by disability is at _________. ( B ) .
A social level
B personal level
C organ level
D family level
3. The focus of rehabilitation is on __________. ( C )
A. curing disease
B. preventing primary disability
C. promoting person’s disability
D. performing nursing care
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. Rehabilitation emphasize s person’s ________. (A,B,D )
A. medical problems
B. psychological problems
C. family problems
D. social problems
E. health services
2.. The functional disability include ________ levels. ( A, B, C )
A. impairment
B. handicap
C. disability
D. paralysis
E. blindness
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
rehabilitation 康复disability 残疾
impairment 残损handicap 残障
He has a stroke.他中风了。
He has already been in paralysis. 他已经瘫痪了。
The therapeutic exercise will help you to stand up.
治疗性运动能帮助你站起来。
This exercise is designed to prevent deformity and maintain normal muscle tone and function.
这套练习设计来预防畸形和维护肌肉的弹性和功能。
四、简答题：
1. Describe the content of rehabilitation, and the degree of disability.
Unit 10 Growth and Development 生长与发育
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. The term “growth” means( B )
A. Advancement of complexity
B. An increase in number and size of cells
C. Expansion of one’s capacities
D. Process of change and differentiation
2. Which of the following statements is not right ? ( C )
A. The younger the child is, the rapider the physical growth is.
B. The two growth spurts occur in infancy and puberty.
C. Infants control their hands before their shoulders.
D. The whole hand is used before the fingers.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. The principles of growth and development include ________ .(A B C D E )
A. From head to nail.
B. Progress at different rate.
C. From near to far.
D. From simple to more complex.
E. Have personal differences
2. Factors influencing growth and development include _____ .(A B C E )
A. Heredity
B. Sex
C. Environment
D. Climate
E. nutrition and health condition of pregnant mother
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
growth 生长development 发育
Did your baby have a check-up before? 你孩子以前进行过儿保吗?
What’s his registration card number? 请问他的儿保号是多少?
I’m going to weigh him first. 我要先给他称体重.
四、简答题：
1. What are the principles of growth and development?
2. What factors can usually influence growth and development?
Unit 11 Vital Signs 生命体征
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. “Apnea” means ___________.(C)
A. difficulty breathing
B. rapid respiration
C. the absence of respiration
D. slow respiration
2. When you measure blood pressure, the higher reading is called ________. (D)
A. diastolic pressure
B. Celcius degree
C. Fahrenheit degree
D. systolic pressure
3. Normally, the pulse rate for an adult is between _______ times per min.(D)
A. 100-150
B. 90-120
C. 80-110
D. 60-100
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. Vital signs refer to _____________.(B, C, D , E)
A. stress
B. body temperature
C. pulse
D. blood pressure
E. respiration
2. Factors that may influence the pulse rate involves _________.(A,B, D, E)
A. fear
B. anger
C. heredity
D. pain
E. exercise
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
vital signs 生命体征thermometer 温度计respiration 呼吸
Fahrenheit temperature 华氏温度Celsius temperature 摄氏温度
radial artery 桡动脉systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压pulse 脉搏blood pressure血压dyspnea 呼吸困难apnea 呼吸暂停
What’s my tem perature? 我的体温多高?
Please roll up your sleeves. I’ll take your blood pressure.
请把袖子卷起来,我要给你测血压.
四、简答题：
1. What are vital signs?
2. Please list the types of thermometers we commonly use.
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 12 Health Assessment 健康评估
【学习目标】
1. 掌握健康评估的目标;
2. 熟悉评估资料的来源;
3. 掌握现病史的主要内容;
3. 了解确保评估成功的一些方法.
【教学内容】
1. 健康评估的目标;
2. 健康评估资料的来源;
3. 完整的健康史应包括的内容;
4. 现病史的主要内容;
5. 查体的方法
6. 获得成功的评估的方法
7. 护理日常英语 (见书第12章日常口语部分)
重点：健康评估资料的来源; 完整的健康史应包括的内容;现病史的主要内容;难点：完整的健康史应包括的内容;现病史的主要内容;
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1.The sources of the information for the assessment exclude . (C )
A.the health history
B.physical assessment
C.Nursing diagnosis
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f014568775.html,boratory and diagnosis data
2.Physical assessment of a patient serves many purpose, but exclude . (B)
A.The findings will serve baseline information for further assessments.
B.Collection of the complaints that cause the patient to seek health care.
C.Monitoring of current health problems.
D.Formation of diagnoses and treatments.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. The information of health history might be obtained from patient and his
________. (A.B.C.D.E)
A. parents
B. guardian
C. neighbors
D. friends
E. medical record
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
health assessment健康评估chief complaint 主诉
physical assessment 体格检查inspection 视诊palpation 触诊percussion 扣诊auscultation 听诊
What brings you here today? 什么原因使你到医院就诊？
Are you allergic to any medications? 你对什么药物过敏吗？
四、简答题：
1. What are the aims of health assessment?
2. What does a complete health history include?
3. What does a complete history of present illness include?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 13 Isolation and Infection Control隔离技术和感染控制【学习目标】
1. 掌握隔离的分类;
2. 了解各种隔离主要预防措施;
3. 熟悉洗手,穿白大褂和戴手套的目的.
【教学内容】
1.隔离的分类;
2. 各种隔离主要预防措施;
3. 洗手,穿白大褂和戴手套的目的.
重点：隔离的分类; 各种隔离主要预防措施;
难点：隔离的分类
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Universal precautions emphasize all of the following except_____. ( D )
A. prevention of transmission through blood and body fluid;
B. prevention of sharps injury;
C. use of barrier precautions;
D. The patient should have a private room.
2. When performing blood/body fluid precautions, the healthcare workers don’t
have to _______. ( C )
1) wear a gown and gloves even if patient care involves contact with infected
materials;
2) wash hands thoroughly after any exposure to body fluids;
3) keep the door closed;
4) avoid needle stick injuries.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. Isolation practices are an attempt to prevent the spread of infection by breaking
the chain of infection ________________. ( A C E )
A. at the source
B. in the wounds
C. at the host
D. in the fecal matter
E. in the course of transmission.
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
breaking the chain of infection 切断感染链the source 感染源
the host 易感宿主the course of transmission 传播途径
universal precautions 普遍性的预防gown白大褂
mask 口罩glove 手套
四、简答题：
1. What are isolation practices?
2. How many types are isolation practices divided?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 14 Medication 药物
【学习目标】
1. 陈述药物应用的意义;
2. 列出药物应用的途径;
3. 写出药物应用护理评估的内容;
4. 说出出院病人药物应用方面的护理要点.
【教学内容】
1. 药物应用的重要性
2. 药物应用的途径
3. 药物应用的护理评估
4. 出院病人药物应用的护理
5. 护理日常英语 (见书第14章日常口语部分)
重点：药物应用的途径; 药物应用的护理评估
难点：药物应用的途径
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Medication treatment is very important in _______. ( B )
A. caring of patients
B. curing of diseases
C. diagnosing of diseases
D. testing of patients
2. Oral medications are those _________. ( A )
A. given by mouth
B. absorbed in the mouth
C. absorbed in the stomach
D. absorbed in the intestine
3. Which of the followings can be absorbed most rapidly? ( D )
A. sublingual medications
B. buccal medications
C. topical medications
D. parenteral medications
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D and E according to the text.
1. The basic considerations for physiological assessment on medication should
include ______. (BDE)
A. job
B. age
C. family income
D. weight
E. sex
2. When administering medication, the nurse should (ABCDE )
A.take a medication history
B.record the information in the nursing care plan
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f014568775.html,municate the information gathered with other members of the health care
team
D.observe client’s responses to the medication
E.observe the outcomes of the treatment
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
adverse effect副作用parenteral medication 注射药物
intradermal injection 皮内注射subcutaneous injection 皮下注射
intramuscular injection 肌肉给药intravenous injection 静脉注射
drug dependence and misuse 药物依赖与滥用
Please pay attention to your reactions after taking them. If you have any
discomfort, don’t hesitate to inform us .
请注意你服药后的反应。如果感觉有任何不适，马上告诉我们。
四、简答题：
1.What’s the significance of medication administration?
2.What kind of routes can be used for medication administration?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 15 injection 注射
【学习目标】
1. 熟悉注射病人的主要护理诊断;
2. 掌握注射的常用方法/途径;
3. 了解每种注射法的目的及其选择注射部位的要求;
4. 掌握注射法（除静脉注射外）的共同操作程序
【教学内容】
1. 注射病人的主要护理诊断;
2. 注射的常用方法/途径;
3. 每种注射法的目的及其选择注射部位的要求;
4. 注射法（除静脉注射外）的共同操作程序
5.护理日常英语 (见书第15章日常口语部分)
重点：注射的常用方法/途径; 注射法（除静脉注射外）的共同操作程序.
难点：注射的常用方法/途径
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. What is the maximum amount of subcutaneous injection?________ ( B )
A. 0.2ml
B. 1ml
C. 2ml
D. 3ml
2. Venipuncture is used for all of the followings except __________. ( D )
A. blood withdrawing
B. giving intravenous medications
C. blood administering
D. administering irritating medications
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. Which of the followings are true?_________ ( ACE )
A. the largest amount of intradermal injection is 0.2ml
B. the largest amount of intradermal injection is 1ml
C. the largest amount of subcutaneous injection is 1ml
D. the largest amount of intramuscular injection is 2ml
E. the largest amount of intradermal injection is 3ml
2. The sites for subcutaneous injection include___________. (BE )
A. the inner surface of the forearm
B. the outer aspect of the upper arm
C. the deltoid muscle
D. the dorsum of the hands
E. the lower abdominal wall
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
three checks and seven confirmations 三查七对
Before that, I have to take an allergy testing for you.
用药之前我必须先给你做一个皮试。
Please pay attention to your reactions after administering the intradermal injection, and don’t move out within 15 minutes.
请注意观察你做完皮试后的反应, 十五分钟内不要外出。
Please sit here and give me you right hand.请坐在这里，把右手给我。
四、简答题：
1. What are the major nursing diagnoses for patients who are receiving injection?
2. What are the common ways for giving injections?
3. What are the common procedures of injections except for intravenous injection?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 16 Blood Transfusion 输血
【学习目标】
1. 熟悉输血的目的;
2. 掌握全血及血液制品的特点;
3. 掌握输注血液及血液制品的护理要点;
4. 牢记课文中出现的日常护理口语
【教学内容】
1. 输血的目的;
2. 全血及血液制品的特点;
3. 输注血液及血液制品的护理要点;
4. 护理日常英语 (见书第16章日常口语部分)
重点：全血及血液制品的特点; 输注血液及血液制品的护理要点;
难点：全血及血液制品的特点
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Which of the following statements is right?________ ( D )
A.Blood cannot be divided into its component parts.
B.Administration of blood products will be away from the blood-carried
disease.
C.Whole blood is indicated when blood volume is normal.
D.Whole blood is contraindicated when blood volume is increased.
2. Which one of the following statements is right? _________ ( C )
A. Blood that has been warmed can be returned to the blood bank for future
use.
B. Blood need not be warmed before massive transfusion.
C. Warming blood mainly to prevent a severe temperature drop.
D. Although blood is not given immediately, it can be warmed beforehand.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1.The factors affected the rate of administration blood or blood products are
________. ( A, B, D, E )
A. blood product being used
B. patient’s age
C. patient’s gender
D. patient’s blood pressure
E. patient’s heart rate
2. What are the main indications of the blood transfusion? ________ ( A, C, D )
A. restore blood volume
B. reduce the body temperature
C. improve oxygen carrying capacity
D. replace clotting factors
E. reduce heart rate
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
indications 适应证Whole blood 全血blood products成分血
red blood cell 红细胞platelet 血小板blood bank 血库
normal saline = N.S. 生理盐水contraindications 禁忌证
I heard that administration of blood products need to type and cross-match.
我听说输血液制品需要做血型测定和交叉配血。
Not all the blood products need it.
并不是输所有血液制品都需要做。
四、简答题：
1. What are the purposes to administrate blood and blood products?
2. What kinds of patients need whole blood transfusion?
五、正确理解课文含义。
U n i t17W o u n d C a r e伤口护理【学习目标】
1. 解释伤口的定义.
2.陈述伤口愈合的过程.
3.识别伤口愈合的影响因素.
4.描述伤口的基本护理方法.
【教学内容】
1. 伤口的含义和分类；
2.伤口愈合过程；
3.伤口愈合的影响因素伤口愈合中的并发症伤口护理基本方法疾病控制中心对预防伤口感染的建议7. 护理日常英语 (见书第17章日常口语部分)重点：伤口愈合过程；伤口愈合的影响因素和并发症.难点：伤口愈合的影响因素和并发症
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Internal factors that affected wound healing are as the followings except _____
(D)
A. vasculature
B. immune status
C. obesity
D. preoperative preparation
2. Which one is not the complication of wound healing? ______ (D)
A. hemorrhage
B. infection
C. dehiscence with possible evisceration
D. bloating
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text.
1. What can wounds be described according to the likelihood and degree of
wound contamination? ___________(B, C, E)
A. incised wound
B. clean-contaminated wounds
C. contaminated wounds
D. contused wound
E. clean wounds
2. Primary intention healing includes__________. (A, B, C)
A. the defensive stage
B. the reconstructive stage
C. the mature stage
D. the necrotic stage
E. the figuration stage
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
w o u n d伤口h e a l i n g愈合c h a n g e d r e s s i n g更换敷料d r a i n i n g 引流s t i t c h缝合t a k e t h e s t i t c h e s o u t拆线
K e e p t h e d r e s s i n g f r o m w e t.I f n e c e s s a r y,t a k e s o m e a n t i b i o t i c s.
保持敷料的干燥,必要的话口服点抗生素
W h e n s h a l l I c o m e t o t a k e t h e s t i t c h e s o u t?我什么时候来拆线?
P l e a s e c o m e t o m e i n s e v e n d a y s.请第七天来拆线.
四、简答题：
1. What are main differences between the primary intention healing and second
intention healing?
2. What factors will influence the wounding healing?
五、正确理解课文含义。
U n i t18I n t u b a t i o n插管
【学习目标】
1. 熟悉插管的适应症;
2.掌握插管的途径;
1.掌握插管的并发症;
2.掌握与插管有关的日常用语.
【教学内容】
1. 插管的适应症;
2.插管的器械和途径;
3.插管的并发症;
4. 护理日常英语
重点：插管的途径;插管的并发症;
难点：插管的途径
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1.“Nasotracheal intubation” means intubation from ______ ( D).
A. mouth to stomach
B. mouth to bronchi
C. nose to stomach
D. nose to bronchi
2. Which organ has the least probability to be hurt during intubation?____ (A)
A. stomach
B. pharynx
C. teeth
D. larynx
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D,E and F according to the text. 1．Which patients may undergo intubation? ________ ( ABCD )
A. patients with a full stomach
B. patients with lateral position
C. patients with prone position
D. patient in whom the airway cannot be satisfactorily maintained by any other
technique
E. patients with stomachache
2. The most common complications in intubation are _______ ( ABD )
A. hypoxia
B. trauma
C. vomiting
D. reflex activity
E. lung cancer
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
i n t u b a t i o n插管v e n t i l a t o r呼吸机l a r y n g o s c o p e咽喉镜
N o w w e a r e g o i n g t o i n t u b a t e h i m.现在我们准备给他插管.W h a t i s t h e u s a g e o f v e n t i l a t o r?呼吸机是做什么的？
S i m p l y t o s a y,t h e v e n t i l a t o r i s u s e d t o s u p p l y o x y g e n a n d h e l p t h e p a t i e n t t o
e x h a l e c a r b o n d i o x i d e.
简单的说，呼吸机是用来供给病人氧气并帮助病人呼出二氧化碳的。
四、简答题：
1. What are the common routes for intubation?
1. What are the common complications in intubations?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 19 Suction 吸痰
【学习目标】
1. 陈述吸痰的途径;
2. 掌握吸痰的过程;
3.掌握吸痰应注意的事项;
4. 学会与吸痰相关的日常护理英语.
【教学内容】
1. 吸痰的主要器械；
2. 吸痰的途径;
3. 吸痰的过程;
4. 吸痰应注意的事项;
5. 护理日常英语
重点：吸痰的途径; 吸痰应注意的事项难点：吸痰应注意的事项
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Nurse can apply suction for no longer than seconds. ( B)
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25
2. Which one of the following statements is not right? C
A. Suction decision can be made by the nurse.
B. During suctioning the patient can not breathe in oxygen.
C. Carefully assess the patient before you proceed with suctioning is always
right.
D. Nurse should wash her hands for infection control.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. During suction nurse can insert the catheter either through _____ ( ABE )
A. the mouth
B. the nostrils
C. the ear
D. the head
E. the tracheostomy.
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
nostril 鼻孔tracheotomy 气管切开术
Before my suction, you can take two or three deep breaths, then relax..
在我吸痰前，请您做2~3次深呼吸, 然后你就放松.
If you feel terribly discomfortable, raise your hand to inform me.
如果您实在觉得不可忍受, 请举起你的手向我示意. You may feel irritated and want to cough. It is all right, because coughing will help to raise
your secretions to the level where my catheter can reach.
您可能会觉得受到刺激而想咳嗽，这是可以的.咳嗽会将痰液咳出到我的管子能够得着的地方.
四、简答题：
1. What are the routes of suction?
2. What are the cautions for suction?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 20 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 心肺复苏
【学习目标】
1. 掌握实施心肺复苏的步骤;
2. 用简单的日常英语描述心肺复苏的步骤.【教学内容】
1. 心博骤停的概念
2.基本生命支持的概念
3.进一步生命支持的概念
4. 心肺复苏的概念
5. 心肺复苏的步骤
6. 护理日常英语 (见书第20章日常口语部分)
重点：心肺复苏的概念; 心肺复苏的步骤难点：心肺复苏的步骤
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Cardiac arrest is _________ ( B )
A. heart’s sudden stop
B. sudden loss of cardiac output
C. sudden loss of conscious
D. sudden loss of blood supply
2. If you are the only rescuer, the proper ratio is __ at a rate of 100
compressions/min ( B )_
A. 10 compressions to 2 breaths
B. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
C. 10 compressions to 3 breaths
D. 15 compressions to 3 breaths
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. Basic CPR is: ABD
A. Airway
B. Breathing
C. drug
D. Circulation
E. Blood transfusion
2. To determine breathlessness, your should BCD
A.ask for response
B.listen for breathing sounds
C. feel for air against your cheek.
D. look at the chest and the stomach for movement
E. give two breaths
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏
cardiac arrest 心博骤停mouth-to-mouth breathing 口对口人工呼吸
mouth-to-nose breathing 口对鼻人工呼吸
Tilt his head, lift his chin, and check breathing. 压额抬腭, 检查呼吸.
Give two breaths. 吹两口气.
四、简答题：
What are the procedures of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 21 Nutrition 营养【学习目标】
1. 掌握机体所需的基本营养素;
2. 熟悉与营养有关的疾病名称;
了解临床营养学的意义.【教学内容】
1. 营养和营养素的概念
2.营养素的功能
3.热量的单位
4. 最基本的营养素
5. 临床营养学的概念
6. 护理日常英语 (见书第21章日常口语部分)
重点：营养素的功能;最基本的营养素难点：最基本的营养素
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. The energy liberated from each gram of carbohydrate after it is metabolized is about
B kcal
A. 3
B. 4
C. 7
D. 9
2. About vitamin, which statement is right? D
A. Vitamin are generally fat soluble.
B. The body cannot store vitamins
C. A daily supply of fat-soluble vitamin is absolutely necessary.
D. Vitamin cannot be manufactured by the body.
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. An adequate food intake consists of a balance of essential nutrients: ABCDE
A. carbohydrates,
B. fats, proteins
C. water
D. vitamins
E. mineral
2. The energy-providing nutrients are ABD
A. carbohydrates
B. fats
C. mineral
D. proteins.
E. Vitamins
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
nutrition营养nutrients 营养素calorie 卡
carbohydrates碳水化合物proteins蛋白质fat脂肪
vitamin 维生素mineral矿物质sugars 糖glucose 葡萄糖
四、简答题：
1. What are the functions of nutrients?
1.What are essential nutrients for a person?
五、正确理解课文含义。
Unit 22 shock 休克【学习目标】
1. 休克的定义
2.休克的病理生理
3.休克的并发症
4.休克的类型及其病因
5. 休克的症状及体征
6. 休克病人的护理
7. 牢记课文中出现的日常护理口语。【教学内容】
1.休克的定义休克的病理生理休克的并发症休克的类型及其病因
5.休克的症状及体征休克病人的护理
7.护理日常英语 (见书第22章日常口语部分)
重点：休克的并发症; 休克的类型及其病因; 休克的症状及体征及护理难点：休克的类型及其病因; 休克病人的护理
【相关练习题】
一、单选题: Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D according to the text.
1. Usually, which is the firstly happened organ failure following shock? ( B )
A. respiratory failure
B. heart failure
C. kidney faliure
D. cerebral failure
2. Which of the following statements is correct in regard to nursing care of
patients with shock? ( C )
A. observe patient’s conditions at least every hour
B. take CVP every two hours
C.measure the urine output every hour
D. warm the patient quickly
二、多选题：Choose the correct answers from A,B,C,D, and E according to the text.
1. The focuses of nursing assessment for a shock patient include (ABCD )
A. cardiac rate and rhythm
B. rate and strength of the pulse
C. rate, depth and rhythm of the respiration
D. blood pressure and CVP
E. the level of temprature
2. The symptoms of shock may include (ABCDE )
A. confusion or unconscious
B. pale or bluish lips
C. cool, clammy skin or moist skin
D. Rapid but weak pulse
E. low or no urine output
三、牢记下面的单词或表达法：
shock 休克lie in flat 平卧cardiac output 心输出量
heart failure 心脏衰竭pulmonary failure 肺衰竭His heart rate is about 135 times per minute, and the pulse is weak and thready.
他的心率在135次/分左右，脉搏细弱。His blood pressure keeps around 70/56mmHg.
他的血压一直波动在70/56mmHg左右。He looks pale, and the skin is cool and clammy.
他面色苍白，皮肤湿冷。
四、简答题：
1. List out the classes of shock and their common causes.
2. What are the common symptoms and signs of shock?
3. What are the focuses of nursing care for patient with shock?
五、正确理解课文含义。
U N I T23C a r e t h e C l i e n t w i t h P a i n疼痛病人的护理
【学习目标】
1. 掌握疼痛的概念和类型；
2. 掌握不同类型疼痛的特点；熟悉疼痛管理的措施；熟悉护士如何减轻病人的疼痛.【教学内容】
1. 疼痛的概念
2.门控理论
3.疼痛的有益作用
4.疼痛的特征
5.疼痛的生理反应类型
Unit 11 pulse 脉搏 respiration呼吸 vital 生命延续所必需的，极重要的 vital signs 生命体征 intervention 干涉，干预 nursing intervention 护理措施thermometer 温度计，体温计disposable 一次性的；用后即可丢弃的rectum 直肠 rectal 直肠的 axilla 胳肢窝，腋窝 axillary 腋窝的 scale刻度，标度 Fahrenheit 华氏温度计的；华氏温度计 A Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温计Celsius 摄氏的 A Celsius thermometer 摄氏温度计contraindicate 禁忌 bradycardia 心搏徐缓 tachycardia 心动过速 rhythm韵律 radial 桡神经（的）；桡动脉（的）carotid 颈动脉；颈动脉的 apical 上的，顶点的 apical pulse 心尖搏动 stethoscope 听诊器 inhale 吸入；吸气 exhale把……呼出 expand 扩张 contract收缩 even平静的，均匀的 dyspnea 呼吸困难 apnea 无呼吸，呼吸暂停 hyperpnea 呼吸过度，喘息 multiply 乘，使相乘 systolic 心脏收缩的 diastolic 心脏舒张的 hypertension 高血压 hypotension 血压过低 cuff橡皮箍，袖带sphygmomanometer血压计，血压测量计Unit 13 pathogen 病原体（物） enteric 肠的 tuberculosis 肺结核 diphtheria 白喉 varicella 水痘 herpes疱疹 zoster 带，带状疹子 measles麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子cerebrospinal脑脊髓的 meningitis 脑膜炎 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流行性脑脊髓膜炎 fecal排泄物的 hepatitis肝炎 viral hepatitis病毒性肝炎gastroenteritis肠胃炎 clostridium梭状芽孢杆菌，梭菌 clostridium difficile艰难梭菌endocarditis [医]心内膜炎 multiresistant （疾病等）抗多种抗菌素（或毒物）的 droplet 小滴（飞沫） laryngeal喉的；喉部 decubitus （病人之）卧姿；褥疮malaria 疟疾 syphilis 梅毒 spill 溢出，溅出，溢出量 contaminate弄脏；污染 hypochlorite 次氯酸盐 sodium hypochlorite solution 次氯酸钠液，漂白粉 incontinence 不能自制，无节制，[医]失禁contamination玷污，污染，污染物airborne 空气传播的 Unit 14 medication 药物，药物治疗，药物处理inhalation吸入 vaginal 阴道的 rectal 直肠的 intestine 肠 tablet 药片，小块 capsule 胶囊 elixir清药酒，精药酒，甘香酒剂suspension 悬浮，悬浮液，悬胶（体）syrup糖浆，果汁
锂电池专业英语精编 W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】
盖板 cover board 底板 solepiece 钢珠 steel ball 压钢珠 press steel ball 防爆阀 valve preventing explosion 大电流(倍率)放电 discharge in high rate current 标称电压 Normal voltage 标称容量 normal capacity
放电容量 discharge capacity 充电上限电压 limited voltage in charge 放电下限电压 terminating voltage in discharge 恒流充电 constant current charge 恒压充电 constant voltage charge 恒流放电 constant current discharge 放电曲线 discharge curve 充电曲线 charge curve
放电平台 discharge voltage plateau 容量衰减 capacity attenuation 起始容量 initial discharge capacity 流水线 pipelining 传送带 carrying tape 焊极耳 welding the current collector 卷绕 wind 叠片 layer
贴胶带 stick tape 点焊 spot welding 超声焊 ultrasonic welding The terminating voltage in discharge of the battery is 3.0 volt. The limited voltage in charge of the battery is 4.2 volt. 三元素 Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxide three elements materials 钴酸锂 Cobalt Lithium Oxide 锰酸锂 Manganese Lithium Oxide 石墨
Chaper 1 psychoanalysis n. 精神分析brain n. 脑 intestine n.肠inflammation n.炎症endoscope n.内镜pancreas n.胰腺psychology n.心理学electrocardiogram n.心电图enteritis n.肠炎tumor n.肿瘤 muscle n.肌肉organ n.器官 abdomen n.腹（部）organism n.有机体，生物体surgeon n.外科医生surgery n.外科（学）malignant a.恶性的immune n.免疫 tissue n.组织molecule n.分子，微小颗粒urine n.尿液stool n.大便，粪便vertebra n.椎骨formula n.处方 cortex n.皮质，皮层appendix n.阑尾 thorax n.胸larynx n. 喉 pharynx n.咽 Chapter 2 kidney n.肾脏receptor n.感受器，受体chromosome n.染色体embryo n.胚胎 gene n.基因catabolism n.分解代谢
anabolism n.合成代谢infection n.感染puncture n.穿刺fat n.脂肪 spine n.脊柱exocrine a.外分泌的cartilage n.软骨spleen n.脾脏gallbladder n.胆囊digestive system 消化系统urinary a.泌尿的respiratory a.呼吸的uterus n.子宫skull n.头颅，头骨pelvic cavity 盆腔trachea n.气管esophagus n.食管bronchial tube 支气管aorta n.主动脉diaphragm n.横膈膜pleura（复，pleurae）n.胸膜urinary bladder 膀胱rectum n.直肠cartilage n.软骨umbilicus n.脐ovary n.卵巢 inferior a.下面的superior a.上面的skeletal muscle 骨骼肌striated muscle 横纹肌 Chapter 3 capillary n.毛细血管artery n.动脉chamber n.腔，小室atrium n.心房ventricle n.室，脑室，心室valve n.瓣膜 mitral a.僧帽状的，二尖瓣的breastbone n.胸骨
平凉机电工程学校 二○一○——二○一一学年第二学期期末考试 09 级各专业《英语》试题（卷） 一．语音（10分）找出与其它三个单词划线部分读音不同的选项。 1. A. hate B. brave C.have D.escape 2. A. warm B. waring C. quarter D. regular 3. A. fever B. hero C. zero D. period 4. A. wear B. earth C. research D. heard 5. A. foolish B. blood C. choose D. shoot 6. A. picture B. future C. failure D. temperature 7. A. excellent B. exact C. example D. exist 8. A. nation B. station C. education D. question 9. A. expression B. television C. decision D. conclusion 10. A. knocked B. helped C. laughed D. planned 二．单项选择。（30分） 11. Do you mind my smoking here? A. No, thanks. B. No, good idea. C. Yes, please D. Yes, better not 12. What a beautiful picture you’ve drawn! A. Not at all B. Thank you C. You’re great D. I’m proud of you 13. How about going to the cinema? A. Good idea. B. It’s too small C. No problem D. With pleasure 14. If you need any help, just let me know. I will. A. Thank you B. Not at all C. All right D. Excuse me 15.（）The more you practice, better you draw. A. the B. / C. then D. and 16.Lily is 8—year—old girl. A. / B. a C. an D. the 17.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother’s Day. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18.What’s matter with you ? A. a B. an C. the D. / 19.There is U and S in word BUS. A. an; a; the B.a; an; the C. an; an; the D.the; the; the 20.We often go for walk after supper. A.a; the B.a; / C./; / D./; the 21.It’s very nice _________ invite me. A. that you B. for you to C. of you to D. by you to
护理专业常用英语词汇 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
护理专业常用英语词汇 一、Commonly Used Nursing Terms(常用护理技术用语) Nursing processes Assessment? Nursing diagnosis Planning Intervention (implementation, management) Evaluation Daily care of the patient Morning (evening) care, AM (HS) care? Bedmaking Oral hygiene (mouth care) Brushing the teeth Flossing the teeth Denture care 护理过程 估计 护理诊断 计划 措施（实施、管理）评价 对病人的日常护理晨（晚）间护理 整理床铺 口腔卫生 刷牙 清牙垢 清洗假牙
Bathing Cleanliness and skin car Perineal care Hair care Shaving Care of nails and feet Changing hospital gowns Massage Bedsore care 褥疮护理 Measurement of vital signs 测量生命体征Taking oral (rectal, axillary) temperature Taking a radial pulse Counting respirations Measuring (taking) blood pressure Catheterization 洗澡 清洁与皮肤护理 会阴部护理 梳头 刮脸 指甲修剪和洗脚 更换住院服装 按摩 褥疮护理 测量生命体征 测量口腔（直肠、腋下）温度测量桡动脉脉搏 计呼吸次数 测量血压 导管插入术
锂离子电池技术英文词句 2.3 assembly line process(5/15)流水线工艺 film loading-vacuum on-film folding-sliding jig backward-top cutting-sliding jig forward- vacuum off-film unloading 放上包装膜—抽真空—包装膜折叠-分切夹心的后端-剪掉顶部-分切夹心的前段-释放真空-拿下包装膜station 岗位two station 两个岗位 folding 折叠guide type 指导方式 top cutting 顶部剪切knife 刀片 2.3 assembly line process(6/15)流水线工艺 j/r loading-vacuum on-j/r jig backward-bottom former up-upper former down- 放极组-抽真空-极组夹具放在后端-模板末端在上面-顶端在下面- heating forming-former up,down-j/r jig forward-vacuum off-j/r unloading 加热模板-模板上下翻转-极组夹具朝前-释放真空-取下极组 station two station 岗位两个岗位 heating forming pressing time,preset timer 加热模板施压时间施压次数 temperature thermocouple 温度热电耦 time:mmin,2~max.3sec 时间： press force :40~50kg 压力 temperature:150℃ 温度 2.3 assembly line process(7/15)流水线工艺 film loading-fim clamp-sliding jig backward-edge pushing-tab clamp-tab unclamp- 放上包装膜-包装夹具-分切极组末端-整边-放极耳夹具-卸下极耳夹具 sliding jig forward-cell unloading 分切极耳前端 station two station heat sealing top 热封 sealing thickness control(micrometer) 热封厚度控制（毫米） sealing control pressing time,preset timer 热封控制施压时间施压次数 precision regulator 精度校准 temperature, thermocouple 温度热电耦 time :min.2~max.3sec时间 press force:250kg 压力 temperature:180~250℃ 温度
Dear Sir： Thank you for giving me the chance to interview and it is my pleasure to introduce myself to you. My name is…., born in ...., ….city, ….province. I major in ……and I will graduate from the…….. Medical University in July, 2010. Hope a chance to work and develop in your department. During the past three years, under the strict guidance of my tutor, professor ……in college of ………, I have learned systematically the theory of profession and got the basic manipulative skills about …….. With the help of my supervisor, I have successfully finished the subject “………” and grasped some experimental skill , such as cell culture, DNA extraction and other molecular biology technique; abstraction, separation, ….. .. I passed the CET band 4 test in2006, after that, I tried my best to learn Medical English and mastered a lot of professional vocabulary. I am good at listening, speaking, reading and writing.. I can manipulate computer proficiently and master Microsoft Office software, also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop, etc. During three-year study in research, I studied hard and strived for excellence in our field. I benefit from working together with excellent colleague. I developed quality of diligence, responsibility, kindness and honesty. My inter nship in college of ….. could qualify me for this job, and I believe I can be fit for the position quickly. I am looking forward to working in your department. If I am admitted, I will be thankful and try my best to work for you. Thank you very much. 简单一点的 Hello, everyone, my name is Alice, I am from Medical college of Xi’an Jiaotong University. My hometown is Xi’an, Shanxi province. I am so lucky to be here for this interview. At the very beginning, I would like to talk about my major. When I was an undergraduate student, I studied clinical medicine for five years in Jiaotong University. During my graduating education, my major is internal medicine, specifically, it’s about digestive diseases, like HBV, immune gastroenteritic diseases, and so on. I worked very hard on my study and clinical practice all through the past 8 years, and gradually, I have mastered a lot of useful knowledge and skills about my major. Em, as for my English, I have passed the CET-6 college English test, besides, in order to keep my interest of English，I also studied Advanced Oral English for one year，and now I am good at speaking and writing English.
护理专业英语课后答案习题(3) 1. lots of time and even some support 2. the first six months of life 3. before the baby is born 4. 10 or 12 times 5. aids in milk transfer Study Practice I. Reading Comprehension 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D II. Words to Practice 1. manifest 6. inferiority 2. cognitive 7. apathetic 3. Cohesion 8. Mutilation 4. somatic 9. catheter 5. rationalization 10. detachment III.Translation A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 护士应提供启发式的合理解释来应对儿童不切实际的恐惧，并进行干预，从使恐惧造成的损伤降到最小(比如可在操作中鼓励父母陪伴，或尽可能让儿童自己作决定)。 2. 治疗性游戏应该在无威胁的环境中进行,时间也应该有所保证。指导游戏的工作人员应该接受儿童游戏中的行为,避免表示赞成或不赞成。 B. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Superficial phlebitis is a common complication of continuous intravenous injection. 2. Without communication, the nurse is unable to determine whether implementation of nursing intervention is successful. 3. Even in his irritability he was gentle, for his wife was pregnant. 4. Please do not drink hot tea after eating fruit to avoid diarrhea. 5. Contracture of muscle or scar tissues may result in distortion or deformity, especially in joints of the body. IV. Audio Tasks
护理专业学生阶段性英语水平测试 考试卷A 考试时间：2011 年1 月日时分所需时间：90 分钟考试形式: 闭卷身份证号_______________ 学号_________ 姓名___________ Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (60 points, 2 points each) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. We should ______ primary importance to the psychological health of the students. A)pay B)place C)attach D)provide 2. He thinks we shouldn’t go ahead with this plan because of the ______ of failure. A)future B)pressure C)worry D)risk 3. Yesterday the parties concerned sat together _____ several solutions to the problem. A)exposing B)exploring C)expressing D)exploding 4. If you fail three times, you are not ________ to try any more. A)voted B)insured C)entitled D)equipped 5. The application of the new technology enables the factory to _____ twice as many machines as it did last year. A)turn down B)turn off C)turn to D)turn out 6. My aunt is rich and owns a lot of ________ in the middle of our town. A)preparation B)prospect C)property D)prosperity 7. They had a(n)______ argument for several hours without reaching an agreement A)bored B)excited C)heated D)interested 8. If you continue, you will surely ________ in prison. A)grow up B)end up C)put up D)bring up 9. The students are eager to know what the weather will be like tomorrow because it will _______ their picnic directly. A)effect B)affect C)infect D)influence 10.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _________ in a quiet neighborhood.
护理专业英语常用词汇 1.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level. 2.现在我要从您的胳膊抽血. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 3.半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning 4.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid～stream specimen of urine. 5.请做一下您的血和尿试验. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 6.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT. You are going to have a CT～scan of your chest/head today. 7.Translate the 1st para of the article on page173. 翻译第173页文章的第一段。 According to the latest report of Pediatrics in January, as soon as a baby is born, the immune system can cope with many challenges, including multiple vaccinations. The author of this report is Balian ofett and his colleagues. Bauer is a doctor of infectious diseases medicine and director of the vaccine Education Center at Philadelphia children's hospital. This article reviews the current research on the effect of vaccines on the immune system and the ability of infants to respond to multiple simultaneous immunization safely. 据《儿科学》一月份的最新报道，婴儿刚一出生，免疫系统就能应对多项挑战，包括多次接种疫苗。这篇报道的作者是鲍尔安欧非特和他的同事。鲍尔是一名传染病医学博士，也是费城儿童医院疫苗教育中心的主任。这篇文章回顾了当前有关疫苗对免疫系统的影响和婴幼儿安全应对多次同步免疫接种能力的研究。 8.Para3 .第3段 "The infant's own immune system has the capacity to respond safely and effectively to the challenges of vaccination," Dr. ofett said. Our article can reassure parents that the vaccine will not only not weaken children's immune system at all, but also enhance children's resistance to serious diseases and possible serious infections. 欧非特博士说：“婴幼儿自身的免疫系统有足够的能力安全有效地应对疫苗接种带来的挑战。我们的文章可以让家长们放心，因为疫苗不仅一点不会减弱幼儿自身的免疫系统，还能增强幼儿对重病和可能出现的严重感染的抵抗力。 9."Immunization is particularly safe and effective against disease and death and is one of the most important ways for parents to protect their children," Dr. ofett said. Our article can assure parents that immunizing their children is to provide them with the greatest degree of protection against serious infectious immune diseases, and to help them build a stronger immune system and start their lives healthily.
锂离子电池常用专业英语 （一） 序号首字母英文中文 1 A aging 老化 2 B battery charger 充电器 3 black-fleck 黑斑 4 C cap 盖板 5 capacity density 能量密度 6 capacity grading 分容 7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊 8 cell 电芯 9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持 10 checking code 检码 11 concave spot 凹点 12 constant current charge 恒流充电 13 constant current discharge 恒流放电 14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电 15 corrective measures 纠正措施 16 crack 裂纹 17 cut-off voltage 终止电压 18 cycle life 循环寿命 19 D dark trace 暗痕 20 degrade 降级 21 dent 凹痕 22 discharge depth 放电深度 23 distortion 变形 24 drape 打折 25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部 26 electrolyte 电解，电解液 27 empaistic 压纹 28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压 29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好 30 equipment first inspection 设备首检 31 erode 腐蚀 32 explosion-proof line 防爆线 33 F first inspection 首检 34 formation 化成 35 fracture 断裂 36 I inspection 检验 37 insulate 绝缘 38 internal resistance 内阻 39 J jellyroll 卷芯 40 joint 接缝，结合点
医学生研究生复试英语自我介绍 lls than the knowledge ifself. Because in the mordern world ,as you know, knowledge is updating day and night, but if you prosess the ability of “how to learn”, then you can keep up with the development of society. In order to get the opportunity for this interview, I have been waiting too long and made pain-staking efforts to stay here. It’s the second year that I take the national postgraduate entrance examinations.I think that is my disadvantage . But every coin has two sides , that’s a lso my advantage to some extent. Because during the course of preparing the exam, I have developed good self-learning skills and time-planning abilities. I have found the most efficient learing method that conforms to me. Most importantly, I have developed a strong heart towards setbacks and difficulties. This experieces will be unfogettable throughout my life. I will never foget the time that I was told my score for the primary exam. Then I confirmed my believings----fortune always appreciate a hard-working man. Thank you for your attention! Good morning, dear professors.
护理多采用WHO对健康的定义：“健康不仅是没有疾病或虚弱，它是一种生理、心理、社会适应的完全良好状态。” Nurses agree the definition from WHO, that is “health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 疾病是健康连续过程的中断，通过机体各部分、器官和系统的异常和紊乱表现出来Disease is an interruption in the continuous process of health, manifested by abnormalities or disturbance in the structure and function of body parts, organs or systems. 健康促进是一个促使更好的控制和改善其健康状况的过程，其主要目的在于挖掘健康潜力，维持身体的平衡。 Positive health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their own health, aimed primarily at improving health potential and maintaining health balance. 护理程序是组织护理活动的一种方法，包括脑力和体力的活动 The nursing process is a method for organizing nursing actions involving both intellectual and physical activities. 护理程度具有系统性，要求护士具备解决问题、批判性思维、决策制定的能力，以及识别病人健康状况的基本的护理知识。 The n2ursing process is a systematic process and requires problem solving, critical thinking and decision-making , and a substantial knowledge basis to identify the status of client. 护理诊断是陈述护士确立的并有能力解决的有关病人现存的或潜在的健康问题 Nursing diagnosis is a statement of an actual or potential health problem that a nurse is licensed and competent to treat. 病人的健康状况会随着时间的变化而有所变化。所以护理计划和护理措施也必须进行相应的调整 The client’s health status may change with time. So it is necessary to revise the nursing plan and nursing intervention accordingly. 健康的定义既包含了健康定性的方面有包含了其定量的方面；即健康既可以用数字测量，又可用生活满意度、希望、个人和社会目标等因素进行测量 This definition of health is both qualitative and quantitative; health is measured both in numbers and by factors such as satisfaction with life, hope, and personal and social goals. 健康教育是一个集知识、心理和社会各方面因素为一体的过程，通过一系列的活动，以提高人们做出有利于个人、家庭和社区健康有关活动的决策能力。 Health education is a holistic process with intellectual, psychological, and social dimensions relating to activities that increase the abilities of people to make informed decisions that affect their personal, family, and community well-being. 健康教育的目的是实现许多健康目标，包括个体及家庭的发展、康复、知情同意、应对和自我护理。 The purposes of health education are to reach a number of health goals, including individual and family development, rehabilitation, informed consent, coping, and self-care. 康复是一个动态过程，它有计划地适应生活方式的改变，是对疾病或外伤事故所致的意外改变的反应 Rehabilitation is a dynamic process of adaptive change in lifestyle in response to unplanned change imposed on the individual by disease or traumatic incident. 影响压力源强度的因素有：压力源本身的强度、压力源的持续时间、个体应对压力的经验、个体对压力源重要性的感知，已经十分还存在其他的压力。