高考英语语法专项讲解--名词
考点清单一名词的数
一、可数名词复数的规则变化
1.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s，如:students, teachers,trees。
2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的，加-es,如: boxes , watches, glasses.
注意:stomach的复数为stomachs。
3.①以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i加-es.如stroies.countries.
①以“元音字母+y"结尾的,加-s。如:boys,toys.
4.①以-f或-fe结尾的，大都变f或fe为v加-es。如: selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves,
shelves, wolves, halves。
巧记:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。
①少数加-s。如: beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.
5.①以-o结尾的，一般加-s。如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.
①以下名词加-es(一般有生命的物体加-es) : Negroes, heroes，potatoes, tomatoes.
巧记:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
6.合成词变复数，一般将主体名词变复数，无主体名词时，最后一部分变复数。如: sons-in-law,passers-by, storyteller,grown-ups,lookers-on。
[练全题点1]单句语法填空
1. In this article,you need to back up general_______(state)with specific examples.
2.A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college ________(apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.
3. He had_______(dish) in this restaurant.
4. We have four_________(class) every morning and there're two________(box) on the platform.
5. There're two_______(loaf) of bread and two________(knife) on the table.
6.I took several_________(photo) of the beautiful scenery with these_________(boy).
7. There are three_________(path) leading to my village. And there are many _______( bamboo)around it.
8. The ant has two_________(stomach).
9. A great many________(roof) were damaged by the storm.
10. These___________(chief) have different________(proof).
语法轻巧记忆
巧记:-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数
有些以-f结尾的名词在由单数变为复数时，是直接在词尾加上-s。如: gulf, roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief.为方便记忆，我们将这些词编成口决进行联想记忆，效果非常好!
海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;
谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。
二、可数名词复数的不规则变化
1.变内部元音
child- children foot- feet tooth- teeth
mouse mice man- men woman- women
2.单复数同形，如:deer，sheep，fish,Chinese ,aircraft，means，species ,Japanese 等。
3.美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars.
4.集体名词，以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people, police, cattle本身就是复数，但可以说a head of cattle, 20 heads of cattle. the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:
The Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
5.以-s结尾,仍为单数的名词，例如:
(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
(2)news为不可数名词。
(3)the United States ,the United Nations应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
(4)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名，报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数。例如:
“The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting storybook.(-千零-夜)是一本非常有趣的故事书。
6.表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses(眼镜),trousers,clothes等；若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对,双),suit(套)。如:a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers.
7.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思。如goods货物.waters水城。
三、不可数名词量的表示
用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只用单数。如:a piece of chalk/jewelry/ news/ meat/bread/furniture/ equipment/luggage/ music/information/ thread/ advice/ clothing/ paper.
四、不可数名词转化为可数名词
1.抽象名词表示具体的事时也可数。如
The party is a big success.这个聚会是一个巨大的成功。
2.表示“一场/段/件/种....时，要用a或an,此时多用形容词或of短语修饰。如:a fine rain(一阵细雨),a heavy snow(-场大雪),a long time(很长一段时间)。
3.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也不可转化为可数名词。如: advice, fun, homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage ,jewelry , clothing等。
五、作定语的名词的数
1.用复数作定语。如:sports meeting运动会,students reading-room学生阅览室，talks table 谈判桌,the foreign languages department外语系。
2.man,woman.gentleman等作定语时,其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如;menworkers,women teachers, gentlemen officials.
3.有些原以-s结尾的名词，作定语时-s保留。如: goods train 货车,arms produce 武器生产，customs papers海关文件,clothes brush衣刷。
4.数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数;若无连字符，名词用复数加“”。如:a ten-mile walk/ten miles' walk十英里路,a five-year plan/a five years' plan 一个五年计划。
5.名词作定语，一般用单数。如:a steel bridge一座钢桥,paper money纸币，a coffee cup一个咖啡杯，an evening paper一份晚报，city life 城市生活，country music 乡村音乐，office work办公室工作，street light 路灯。
六、不同国籍人的单复数
中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
俄国人the Russian a Russian two Russians
希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen
德国人the German a German two Germans
瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
七、名词前的修饰语
1. 只能修饰可数名词的有each, either ,neither，another，these，those, both,
(a)few,several, many,a large number of,scores of, dozens of,a great/good many等。
2.只能修饰不可数名词的有(a)litte ,much,a bit of,a great deal of,a large amount of等。
3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some ,any ,half, most,all,a lot of,lots of.plenty of,a large quantity of .quantities of, masses of等;
[练全题点2]单句语法填空
1. He tried out a__________(series) of_________(mean) to work out the problem.
2. Five_______(child) are playing games under the tree,with five________(sheep) eating grass on the grass.
3. A great many____________( passer-by) were watching her performance.
4. Cathy suffered some trrible _________ (ill)in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment,she finally became healthy.
5. Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course,and there will never be more than_____________( participate) in each class.
6. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the__________(develop)of adult identity.
7. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised__________(aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
8. Chengdu has dozens of new mllinairese, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,pandas are its top__________(attract).
9. In the________(deep)of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous people.
10.Researchers have discovered that“night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce__________(anxious).
语法轻巧记忆
巧记“某国人”变复数口诀
合成词尾含女、男,a变e来记心间:中、日、瑞士、葡萄牙,复数形式无变化:
其他所有情况下,-s词尾放心加。
巧记单复数同形的名词
中国人和日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼。
注意:fish指鱼的种类时，要加上-es才成复数;当指鱼的条数时，单复数形式相同:指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
考点清单二名词的所有格
名词所有格的构成方法
名词的所有格有两种形式:'s式和of式。一般来说，表示有生命的名词和表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词的所有格用's式。如: Mary's mother,today's news;表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of式。如:the cover of the book.但还需注意以下几点:
1.单数名词词尾加“'s”表所有格。如:the boy's bag男孩的书包。名词复数词尾没有-s也加“s”表所有格。如:men's room男厕所。
2.若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“’”。如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3.凡不能加“'s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系。如:the title of the song歌的名字。
4.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如:the barber's 理发店. the tailor's 裁缝店,at the dloctor's 在医务室,at Tom's 在汤姆家
5. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's.则表示“共有”。如:John's and Mary's rooms(两间) ,John and Mary's room(一间)。
6.复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。如:a month or two's absence.
[练全题点]单句语法填空
1. The_______(bicyele) shop is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
2. We should protect___________( woman) rights.
3.June 1st is_________(children) Day.
4. This is__________(Lucy and Lily) room, which is big and bright.
5.I want to read__________(today) newspaper. Would you please pass me one copy?
6. My father is at the_______--(barber) now. He is not available.
7. I have bought three books,_______which two are about English.
8. A friend of my_________(sister) is coming to dinner tonight.
9. The shop is at a__________(arm) length. You needn't take a taxi.
10. Owing to the heavy flood,all the_________(farmer) crops were drowned to death.
分层必刷练提分要义
I.单句语法填空
1.[2018，天津卷]The_________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2.[2018 ●江苏卷]Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the_________(assume) you've made.
3. [2018.全国卷I]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2004 that showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all________(cause].
4.[2018.全国卷I ]This switch has decreased___________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
5. [2018.全国卷]My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
6. [2018.浙江卷]Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in__________(weigh) problems.
7. [2017.全国卷I ]She is determined to carry on with her_____________(educate).
8. [2017.全国卷I ]She has turned down several____________(invitation) to star at
shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
9. [2017.浙江卷]Last October，while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small___________(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
10. [2017.全国卷I ]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_______(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
11. [2017 .江苏卷]The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative__________(explain) are hard to find.
12. [2016.浙江卷]It is important to pay your_________(eletric) bill on time,as late payments may affect your credit.
13. [2016.江苏卷]-Can you tell us your recipe for__________(happy) and a long life?
-Living every day to the full,definitely.
14. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, which meant that his works had finally gained the international_______________( recognize).
15.一How can I take the medicine ,sir?
- Just follow the_________(direct) on the bottle.
16. Hearing of Al's death,I thought,“What a complete_________(fai)!"
17. As we returned home,I gathered some_________(item).
18. 1 would apprecinte it if you could take me into__________(consider). Looking forward to receiving your reply.
19. Some shools will have to make_________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
20. Go and say sorry to your mom.Dave.
--I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my__________( apologize).
21. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some________(think) and then let me know.
22. When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his__________(balanced) and had a bad fall.
23. He gave himself a new name to hide his__________(dentifty) when he went to carry out the secret task.
24.一Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
一That's a good____________(suggest).
25. Her__________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher educatin.
26. Microsoft,in a___________(depart) from tradition, has already released similar touch-friendly Office apps for Apple Inc's iPad and iPhone.
27. A trip to the forest park is a wonderful __________(remind) of my happy childhood, when I had no end of fun with my playmates.
28. At Jimmy's birthday party I was introduced to make the___________(acquaint) of several successful managers in IT industry.
29. It was a difficult job for him. He had tried everything but it made little__________(differ).
30. Universal ________ (accessible) to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education,regardless of their social class,ethnicity,background or physical disabilities.
31.一Did you finish reading that long novel?
- No,I ran out of________(patient). It's too long and I only completed half of it. 32. After living in Quanzhou for five years,she has developed quite an_______(affect) for the city.
33. As a candidate,you must make a good__________(impress) on everyone you meet if you want to win the election.
II.单句改错
1. Miss Ding was a very kind women teacher.
2. Though I was unhappy ,I understood my parents and followed their advices.
3. Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day.
4. What's more ,we should improve our method of study and make good preparations for exams.
5. We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day.
6. With the living standard rising ,a large number of waste is being produced on campus.
7. Soon,I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confident and got me motivated.
8. Lots of accidents with cyclists often happen because of crowded street.
9. The film was very good,but I didn't enjoy it beacuse there were some problem in the cinema.
10.I always have enough food to eat,a big room to live in,and beautiful cloth to wear.
11.I 've made some progresses in my listening and speaking.
12. There is hardly any standing rooms in the bus.
13. Proessor White gave me one of the best piece of advice I've ever heard.
14. He's geting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
15.Thee are many cattles and cows on his father's farm.
16. In order to buy a nice pair of shoes,he went to many shoes stores.
17.Fly spread diseases,so we should think of ways to get rid of them.
18.It is ten minutes walk from my home to school.
19. Now people get a lot of informations from the Internet.
名词语篇训练
(A)
It was late at night. Two____1______ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly ,one of them,Mrs. Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three____2_____(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many___3____( thief) usually bring___4___(knife) with them," she thought in___5____(silent) . And at the same time the thief happened to touch a ___6_____(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room,so he went out to the next room where two_____7_____(Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for_____8____(money) or some____9____(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the______ 10 (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared tha the took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Greenit was really an unusual experience.
(B)
My friend Lucy is a lovely girl,who is full of____1____(wise). One day she made a ______2____(decide) that she would go to the town to buy some____3____(box) of apples and two____4_____(loaf) of bread before the prices went up. On the way to the town,she saw several____5_____(child) playing on the
grass,and some______6_____ ( woman) sitting in the shade, chatting happily. After doing the shopping,she headed for her village. Suddenly a heavy rain poured down. As a result,she had no___7_____(choose) but to take shelter from the rain, during which time she had the________(free) to have a chat with other people. The_______________( communicate) made her relaxed, and it seemed to shorten the___________(long) of the time she waited for the rain to stop.
答案
名词的数
练全题点1
1.statements在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的子来支持总的观点。设空前general 为形容词，空后要用名词。
2. applications 意:一年前，当我等待我的大学志愿申请结果时，我经常上周去看一些大学会是什么样的信息。College application大学志愿申请。
3, dishes复数名词泛指。
4.classes;boxes
5.loaves;knives loaf的复教为loves;knife 的复教为knives
6. photos;boys photo 的复教为photos;boy的复数为boys,
7. paths; bamboos path 的复数为paths; bamboo的复数为bamboos。
8. stomachs stomach的复数为stomachs,
9. roofs roof 的复数为roofs。
10, chiefs;proofs chief 的复数为chiefs; proof 的复数为proofs,
练全题点2
1. series ; means a series of一系列的;means方式、方法，单复数同形。
2. children;sheep child 的复数为children。sheep 单复数同形。
3. passers-by passer-by的复数为passers-by。
4. illness句意:凯西在她童年早期得了一些可怕的疾病。经过多年定期治疗，她最终健康起来。suffer illness 患病。
5. participants句意:学习资料将在他们的课程中被提供给学生，每个班将不会超过15个学生(参加者)。
6. development句意:大学那几年被认为是自主性成长和成年认知发展的一段重要时期。the development .......
7.awareness句意:她1962年的畅销书(寂静的春天》引起了人们对污染和有害化学物质对人类和世界湖泊海洋的有害影响的关注。
8. attraction句意:成都有许多新的百万富翁，亚洲最大的建筑和新奇的旅馆，但对像我但对像我这样的游客来说，大熊猫是最吸引人的地方。
9. depths句意;在法国Guinese雨林深处，仍然有不同寻常的土著人群体存在。
10. anxiety句意:研究人员发现，夜间的牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这已经被证明能够帮助人们感使到国乏和减少焦虑。
名词的所有格
练全题点
1.bicycle句意:自行车店就在扔角处，你一定会找到的。此处是名词作定语，表示类别不强调所属关系，不用所有格。
2. women's women's rights女子的权利。
3. Children's Children's Day儿童节。
4. Lucy and Lily's表示共有的所属关系时在最后一个名词末加's.
5. today's today's newspaper今天的报纸。
6. barber's at the barber's在理发店●
7.of of 表所属关系。
8. sister's a friend of my sister's我妹妹的一位朋友。
9. arm's at an arm's length指距离很近。
10. farmers'复数名词的所有格在-s 后加“”。
分层必刷提分要义
1. possibility句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命，这种可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，故填名词。pssibility"可能，可能性”，其后为that 引导的同位语从句。
2. assumption句意:要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事，而不要根据自己的假设就采取行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知，此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption假定，假设。
3.causes考查名词复数。cause 表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all,故填cause的复数形式causes.
4. pllution考查词形变化。decrease"降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语,pollute的名词形式是pollution.
5. scientist 考查名词。此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist,
6. weight 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems,故填weight.
7. education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词后面跟名词，故填education.
I 8. invitations 考查名词复数。根据several可知，此处应该填复数形式。
9. carrots 根据a handfulof可知，设空处应该用复数形式，表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用carrots,
10.affects 考查名调复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用，如超重和心脏病。side effects表示“副作用”，为可数名词，根据such as overweight and heart dsese可知，副作用有多种，故填复数形式。
11. explanations 句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故造成的，但是也很难找到其他的解释，设空处在此处作的子的主语，要用其名词形式。根据谓语are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。
12. electricity句意:按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名词作定语。名词作定语时，常用其单数形式，故答案为electricity.
13. happiness句意:一-你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?确切地说，就是充实地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福”讲为不可数名词，故答案为happiness.
14. recognition句意:莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这意味着他的作品最终获得了国际公认。recognition 表示“识别;承其认，认出;重视;赞誉;公认”。
15. directions句意:医生，这个药怎么服用? 就遵照瓶子上的说明即可。directions 意为“用法说明”，follow the directions 表示“遵循说明”，符合题意。
16. failure句意:听到AI去世的消息，我想他是一个彻头彻尾的失败者!感叹句结构为:“What+ a/an+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!”。故设空处填名词failure.
17.items句意:当我们回到家时，我收集了一些东西。item为可数名词，根据上下文逻辑可知,some在本句中表示“一些”，由此可知需在设空处填item的复数形式。
18. consideration句意:如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into 后加名词形式。take... into consideration考虑到.....
19. adjustments句意:有些学校将不得不做出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一
致。设空处作动词make的宾语，故需用名词,adjustment为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，而设空处前没有冠词，故需用其复数形式。
20. apology/apologies句意:戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。一我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。设空处前为形容词性物主代词，故设空处应为名词形式。
21. thought 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案，认真考虑一下然后再让我知道。some后需用名词形式，而thought作“考虑，思索”讲时为不可数名词，故答案为thought。Give sth. thought认真考虑某事。
22. balance句意:这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡，重重地跌了一跤。根据题干中的had a bad fall可推知设空处应为balance. lose one's balance 失去平衡。
23. identity 句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候，为隐藏自己的身份，他给自己取了一个新名字。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式。故答案为identity. identity 身份。
24. suggestion 句意:一如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话，为什么不先买辆二手车呢?一那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式，设空处前有不定冠词，故设空处填suggestion。
25. motivation 句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。
26. departure 句意:微软背离传统，已经发布了类似的触屏办公软件应用于苹果的iPad和iPhone.根据题干中的a可判断用名词形式departure.
27. reminder 句意:一次去森林公园的旅行让我想起了我幸福的童年时代，那时我和我的玩伴们有无尽的快乐。reminder表示“提醒，让某人想起...的事”。
28. acquaintance 句意:在Jimmy的生日聚会上，我被介绍认识了几位IT行业成功的经理。29.acquaintance 意为“(与某人)认识"。make the acquaintance of sb.是固定词组，意为“结识某人”。
30，dfference 句意;这项工作对他来说有点难，他做了各种各样的努力，但没有什么成效。make a dferee表示“把件用:有影响”，此处的make little dfference表示“没有多大用”，符合题意。
30.access 句意;全民教育就是指所有人在教育上有平等机会的能力，不论他们的社会地位、种族、背景和身体的残疾。access表示“进入;使用权”。
31. patience句意:_ 你读完那部长篇小说了吗?有，我耗尽了我的耐心。它太长了我只能读完一年，patience表示“耐性，耐心，忍耐”。
32. affection句意:在泉州居住了五年后，她已经完全喜欢上任了这座城市。affection 表示“喜爱，钟爱”。
33. impression句意:作为候选人，如果你想赢得选举，你应该给你遇到的每个人留下好的印象。表示“印象”用名词impression.
iI.
1. women →woman句意:丁小姐是一位非常热心的女教师。a woman teacher一位女教师。
2. advices→advice句意:虽然我不高兴，但是我理解我父母并听从了他们的建议。advice 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将advices改为advice.
3. students→ student句意:李林是个高三的学生，每天他都全身心地投入学习。根据本句主语(第三人称单数)可知需将students改为单数形式student.
4. method→methods句意:此外，我们应该改善我们的学习方法为考试做好准备。根据逻辑可知，我们的学习方法并非一种，故将method改为复数形式methods.
5. kind-kindness句意:在炎热的天气里我们被这样的善行所感动。介词of后需用名词作宾语，故将形容词kind改为kindness.
6. number→ amount waste 是不可数名词，故用a large amountof修饰。a number of后接可数名词复数。
7. confident →confidence 动词后接名词作宾语，confident 是形容词。
8. street →streets此处表泛指，故应用可数名词的复数形式。
9. problem-→problems由前面的were可知此处应用可数名词的复数形式。
10. cloth- clothes表示“衣服”用clothes. cloth 意为“布料。
11. progresses→ progress progress 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
12. rooms→ room此处room作“空间”讲，为不可数名词。
13. piece→ pieces oneof 后的名词用复数形式;advice是不可数名词，但量词piece 可变为复数形式。
14. furnitures→-furniture furniture 是不可数名词，没有复数
15.cattles-cattle cattle 是表示复数意义的集体名词，没有单复数形式变化。
16.第二个shoes-→shoe名词作定语表类别时，一般用单数形式，
17.Fly →Flies fly意为“苍蝇”是可数名词，此处表类指，应用复数形式。
18. minutes → minutes'此处表示“十分钟的路程”，应用所有格形式作定语，修饰walk;以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格应在词尾加“”。
19. informations -→information information 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
III
(A)
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格林夫人晚上配合警方抓贼的故事。
1. Germans 设空处前有数词two，故设空处需用名词复数形式。German的复数为Germans,
2. thousand 诸如hundred. tousnd, milion billion等名词，无论前面是one还是大于one的教词，都需要用单教形式。
3. thieves由前面的many可知应用复数。thief的复数为thieves。
4. knives knife 是可数名词，由语境可知此处应用复数形式表泛指。knife的复数为knives。
5. silence介词后需用名词。in silence 为固定词组，意为“静静地”。
6. sports名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但下列名词需用复数形式，它们是sports，customs(海关) ,arms ,clothes，sales。
7. Frenchmen Frenchman 的复数为Frenchmen。
8. money money为不可数名词。
9. jewels/jewelry jewel 的复数为jewels;jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。
10. police police可以表示“警方，警察部门”。call the police叫警察,报警。nad)
(B)
1. wisdom full of wisdom充满智慧。
2. decision make a decision决定。
3. boxes box的复数为boxes.
4. loaves loaf 的复数为loaves.
5. children child 的复教为cildren.
6. women
7. choice have no choice but to do别无选择只....
8.freedom
9. communication the后跟名词。
1o.length
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
一、选择题 1．—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly. A．some advices B．any advices C．some advice D．advices 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’3．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 6．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jerry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 7．—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join? —He can join the ______ club. A．sport B．music C．sports D．swimming 8．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 9．Here_______some of the results. Most students think_______are cheaper than cars. A．is; the bike B．are; bikes C．are; the bike D．is; bikes 10．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 11．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.
名词所有格说明所属问题，表示某物归谁所有，共三种形式： ①-’s所有格 ②of 所有格 ③双重所有格（-’s + of 所有格共同存在） -’s所有格 -’s所有格的构成 ①一般单数名词和不以s 结尾的复数名词，以及复合词，在词尾+ ’s Eg: Amy’s book a women’s hospital 一家妇科医院 his father-in-law’s birthday ②以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾直接+ ’ Eg: my friend’s balls teacher s’ office ③以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词，可+’s 或’ Eg: the boss’s/ boss’ coffee charles’s/charles’ choice -’s所有格的用法 ①表示有生命的人或动物、时间、节日等名词的所有关系 Eg: my father’s tea live a dog’s life two day s’ absence April Fool’s day ②名词有同位语时，所有格用于同位语上 Eg: This is his friend, Tom’s storybook. ③由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有，最后一词用所有格；表示各自拥有时，每个名词都用所有格。 Eg: Tom and Jerry’s house 汤姆和杰瑞的房子 Tom’s and Jerry’s houses 汤姆和杰瑞各自的房子
of 所有格的构成及用法 of + 名词，表示无生命事物的名词或有较多修饰语的名词的所有关系。 Eg：the top of the mountain the advice of the old experienced man 注意-’s所有格和of 所有格有时都可以使用 Eg: China’s economy = the economy of China today’s weather = the weather of today his father’s death = the death of his father (表示某人的遭遇时，更常用of的所有格) 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成 of + 名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词。 双重所有格的用法： ①表示特定人的不特定的所有关系。 Eg: a novel of Dicken’s 狄更斯(特定人)的一本小说（不特定关系） a book of mine 我(特定人)的一本书（不特定关系） ②表达特殊的情感 有时双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有赞许，厌恶，不满的感情的色彩。 Eg：That old watch of my father’s gains a lot every day. 我父亲的那块旧表每天都会快很多。 注意： A friend of my father 我父亲的朋友（强调朋友关系） A friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友（强调许多朋友中的一个） A photo of my brother 我哥（本人）的一张照片 A photo of my brother’s 我哥（拥有）的一张照片
英语语法名词归纳总结 一、单项选择名词 1．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。 2．Violent programs on television may have a bad on children. A．injury B．pressure C．impression D．influence 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对------有影响”。故选D。 3．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. trend趋势；D. challenge 挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。 4．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth． A．response B．offence C．commitment D．reaction
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练 语法填空练习一 With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_____(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5______ to others. 6_______ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7______ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8______place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9________ (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10_________ (solve). 语法填空练习二 We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time. Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on 2 moon will 3 (set) up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 _ (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 in space and visiting 6 planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. 8 the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea. 语法填空练习三 In the United States, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires in 2003. The 2 (rich)of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money 3 Mr Gates was only 21 years old 4 5 the time he was 31. 6 , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7 (young) ages like Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8 of these child actors made over a million dollars 9 (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10 youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18. 语法填空练习四 Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange).” When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead，many of 3 write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on many different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are 8 (answer)written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors. 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. 语法填空练习五
词法大全（一）-- 名词 Contents 可数名词 不可数名词 名词所有格
名词 概念：表示人、物品、地点、情感、抽象概念等名称的词 分类： 普通名词pen teacher water 专有名词Beijing China July Sunday the Sun 可数名词apple teacher boy car 抽象名词advice information news price happiness 不可数名词液体water milk tea coffee juice 材料metal glass wood paper meat bread rice 可数名词变复数 一般加s 二般以s, x, ch, sh 结尾，加es 三般以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y 为i 再加es 四般以f/fe 结尾，变f/fe 为v 再加es. 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife knife wolf thief shelf self life half leaf 以O 结尾事真多 英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿和芒果 hero es potato es tomato es mango es 特殊变化要注意 man woman child mouse policeman men women children mice policemen 特中之特，单复同形 fish deer sheep fish deer sheep 合成复数有玄机 lemon tree toy shop computer game lemon trees toy shops computer games man doctor woman teacher men doctor s women teacher s
高考英语语法填空专题训练答案及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel." Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments. When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age". 【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方 式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。 （1）考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时，可判断事情发生在过去之前， a 几个月之前”，可以和过去完成时连用，故填earlier。 few months earlier“ （2）考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词，此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……，故填noticed。 （3）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the woman和explain（解释）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填explaining。 （4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词，根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。 （5）考查冠词。age的可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又actual是元音音素开头，故填an。 （6）考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语，youth的形容词是young和youthful，故填young/youthful。 （7）考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语，connect的名词形式connection为可数名词，some可以理解为“一些/某个”，故此处可以用名词单数形式，也可用复数形式， 故填connection/connections。 （8）考查介词。句意：拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得 高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词，再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with，故填with。 （9）考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语，“倾向于做某事”，故填to score。
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
语法专项提升专题十 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Once you are aware of the trick used in advertisements, I don't think you are eager to buy. 解析句意：一旦你意识到广告中使用的花招，我认为你就不急于购买了。once用来引导一个条件/时间状语从句，意为“一旦；一……就……”。 2．Online information helps you a lot with house–hunting. But you can't really tell if you'll like a place until you see it. 解析句意：在你买房时网上信息可以给你很大帮助，但是直到你亲眼看到了那个地方后，你才能真正说出你是否喜欢那个地方。分析句子结构可知应填until，not...until直到……才。 3．Many people believe we are heading for environment disaster unless we basically change the way we live. 解析句意：许多人认为除非我们从根本上改变我们的生活方式，否则，我们无法停止走向因环境问题而引起的灾难。unless 意同if...not，即“如果不”。 4．There is nothing wrong with turning on the TV if/when watching it doesn't keep you from doing something important. 解析句意：如果(当)它不妨碍你做一些重要的事情时，打开电视看没什么错。if/when 表示假设、条件，符合题意。 5．We all need knowledge from the past—whether it comes from personal experience or from studying history. 解析句意：我们都需要过去的知识——无论是来自个人经验还是从历史中学习。从下半句中的or可以判断出此处是一个选择关系，即whether...or...句式。 6．At present, visits can be arranged to many businesses and companies, so that they can see how different products are manufactured. 解析句意：目前，可以安排他们去访问众多企业和公司，这样他们可以看到不同的产品是如何被制造的。上下句是表示目的关系。