Unit 6 Problems and solutions
cosmetics face cream persuasive advertising campaign anti-ageing present make up packaging tube double wrapper poison transport blind cardboard force-feed end up injection landfill drip take up amazing stink unconventional principle substance revolutionize take the lead limitation carton recycle refill appropriate unique sort campaign process remarkably do one's part alternative global publicity hold pro-environment publicize
语法：独立主格结构
1.persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
The argument he presented was so persuasive that the manager agreed to reconsider his proposal.
你的理由很有说服力，所以经理同意重新考虑他的提议。
persuade 说服，劝说
persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事
persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade sb out of sth/doing sth劝阻某人不要（做）……
She persuaded me to take part in the English competition.
She persuaded me into taking part in the English competition.
她说服我参加英语竞赛。
We persuaded him out of his foolish plan.
我们劝说他放弃了那个愚蠢的计划：
2.advertising n. 做广告；广告业
Cigarette advertising should be banned，应该禁止香烟的广告业务。
3.campaign n. 运动
There is a campaign against smoking in the city.该市正在进行一场禁烟运动。
The old lady's son died in a campaign during the World WarⅡ，
老太太的儿子在第二次世界大战的一场战争中丧身。
v. 参加运动
'She spent her whole life campaigning for women's rights.
她毕生致力子女权运动。
4.anti-ageing adj. 抗衰老的
1 wonder whether these anti-ageing cosmetics are really effective.
我想知道这些抗衰老的化妆品是否真的有效。
前缀anti-表示“反对、排斥”。
如：anti-spam反垃圾邮件anti-hacker反电膪黑客
5.present v. 赠送；呈现；引见
The old couple presented a big sum of money to the school where they had studied.
这对老夫妇向他们求学过的学校赠送了一大笔钱。
You should have presented your essay Iast week.
你上周就该把论文交上来了。
Please allow me to present my new friend to you, Tom.
汤姆，请允许我向你介绍我的新朋友。
adj./ipreznt/出席，在场（可作表语或后置定语）；现存的，当前的（只可作前置定语）
I hope you will be present at my wedding ceremony the day after tomorrow.
我希望你后天能来参加我的结婚典礼。
()bviously, most people present were against the plan.
显然，在场的大多数人反对这项计划。
Most students are quite satisfied with the present teaching method applied by the new teacher,
犬多数学生都对这个新老师现用的教学方法很满意。
n.／prezent/礼物
Christmas/birthday present圣诞／生日礼物
6.packaging n. 包装材料
The packaging for the product was very difficult to open.这个产品的包装很难打开。
7.double v. （使）加倍；是”….的两倍
This year. the sales of the product are double what they were last year.
该产品今年的销售额是去年的两倍。
The birth rate in that area has doubled.那个地区的婴儿出生率已经增加了一倍。
n. 两倍
The production of this year is the double of that of last year.令年的产量是去年的两倍。8.poison v. 使中毒；毒害？
The cow drank the water and was poisoned.奶牛喝了水后中毒了。
poison n.毒药，毒物
Some mushrooms contain deadly poisons.有些蘑菇含有致命毒索。
9.blind v. 使失明
The man was blinded in the explosion.那名男子在爆炸中双目失明。
blind adj.瞎的；盲的
When he was released from the jail, the strong Iight nearly blinded tum.’
当他被释放出监狱的时候，强烈的光线几乎使他什么都看不见了。
He became blind after a serious car accident.
在一次严重车祸后，他的双目失明了。
10.injection n. 注射
The morphine was administered by injection.那吗啡是注射进去的。
11.drip v. 滴入
The machine dripped water and fertilizer onto the plants.那台机器摁水和肥料滴到植物上。
12.amazing adj. 令人惊奇的冷人惊喜的
I find it amazing that you can't,swim.你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊。
13.unconventional adj. 不因循守旧的；新奇的
She leads an unconventional way of Iife.她的生活方式很新潮。
14.principle n. 规则
Discussing all these details will get us nowhere; we must get back to firsr principle.讨论这些枝节问题是毫无用处的，我们必须回到基本原则上来。
15.prosper v. 繁荣；兴旺
Due to his diligence and intelligence, his business soon prospered.
出于他勤奋又聪明，他的生意很快就兴隆起来了。
The little company prospered through good management.
由于管理有方，这家小公司兴旺发达。
16.revolutionize v. 改革
Computers have revolutionized many aspects of modern life.
计算机的运用彻底改变了现代生活的方方面面。
17.linutation n. 局限；缺陷
He knows his limitations.他知道身体能力有限。
I know my limitations-I can't do what you asked.
我不能做你请求我做的事，因为我知道自己的不足之处。
18.recycle v. 回收利用；再利用
Every week,a lorry came by to pick up old magazines and newspapers to be recycled.
每个星期都有一辆货车来运走那些将被回收利用的旧杂志和废报纸。
19.unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的
Every snowflake is unique - no two are the same.
每一瓣雪花都是独一无二的——没有两片相同的雪花。
20.remarkably adv. 不寻常地；突出地
Remarkably, no one was killed in that terrible storm.令人称奇的是，那场可怕的风暴中没有人死亡。
remarkable adj.不寻常的；出类拔萃的
His remarkable achievements in science has brought him great honour.
他在科学上的杰出成就给他带来了巨大荣誉。
21.alternative adj. 供选择的
This road was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative route.
这条路被堵了，所以我们只好走另一条踣。
Have you got an- alternative suggestion?你有没有其他建议？
22.global adj. 全球的。
Our product has won global popularity.我们的产品已经赢得了全球性的欢迎。i
Everyone wishes for global peace.人人都希望世界和平。
globe n. 球，球体；球状物the globe地球
23.publicity n. 公众的注意；媒体的注意；名声；宣传
There is a lot of publicity on his achievements.
他的成就广受大众注目。
The new book has gained very little publicity, greatly limiting its sales.
公众不太关注这本新书，这大大影响了它的销售。
There has been little publicity about the new film.
这部新电影没有作什么宣传。
24.hold v. 举办；进行
The classmates held a singing competition.同学们举行了一次歌咏比赛。
25.publicize v. 宣传
an advertising campaign to publicize the new train service
为新投入运营的铁路路线而开展的宣传活动
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee10466048.html,e true实现（该词组为不及物动词词组·不能用干被动语态）
After many years of hard work, his long cherished dream of being a football player came true.
经过多年努力，他长期怀有的想成为一名足球运动员的梦想终于实现了。
【辨析】realize v.（使）实现（常用于被动语态）
We are sure that you will realize your dream sooner or later.
= We are sure that your dream will be realized sooner or later.
我们相信，你的希望迟早会实现。
27.promise to do sth许诺做某事，promise sb to do sth许诺某人做某事。
My father promised to buy me a new bike if l would do well in the coming exam.
= My father promised me to buy a new bike if l would do well in the coming exam.
苍爸许诺我，如果我在即将到来的考试中有出色表现的话，他会给我买一辆新自行车。
28.tube n. 软管
29.wrapper 包装材料
wrap铆.包；裹
Christmas presents were wrapped up in tissue paper.
圣诞礼物都用薄纸裹起来了。。；
30.transport v. （用交通工具）运输；运送
Coal is usually transported by rail from the mines to the power plants.
煤通常经由铁路从煤矿运到发电厂。
transportation n.运输
31.cardboard n. 卡纸板
32.Ieak v. 漏；渗；渗透
The gas will leak if you don't turn it off after using.
如果用完后不关掉，煤气会泄漏。
The tyre began to leak, and was soon completely flat.车胎开始漏气，很快就瘪了。
Who leaked the news to the press?
是谁将消息泄露给新闻界的？
33.carton （尤指装食品或液体的）硬纸盒；塑料盒
34.appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.
运动服用于正式婚礼中是不适当的。
35.sort v. 整理；把……分类
He was sorting his foreign stamps.他正在整理外国邮票。
36.process v. 加工
Generally speaking, food must be processed in order to be preserved.
一般来说，食品需要经过加工才能长时间保存。
Ir may take a few weeks for these wasted paper to be processed.
处理这些废弃文件也许要几个星期。
process n.过程
1 started moving the china ornaments, but dropped a vase in the process.
哉动手搬那些瓷器饰物，但在移动时打碎了一只花瓶。
Compiling a dictionary is a slow process.编撰一本字典是一个缓慢的过程。
37.subject n. （绘画或拍摄）题材
The subject of the picture is the painter's father.这幅画取材于画家的父亲。
38.make up to form 组成；构成；化妆
This football team is made up of fourteen members.这个足球队由十四名队员组成。
Workers make up a large portion of the population.工人占人口数量的大部分。
Before going onto the stage, the actress made up to look her best.
在上台之前，女演贯化了妆，让自己看上去最美。
make up for补偿
You apology can't make up for the broken vase.
光说对不起补偿不了被你打破的花瓶的损失。
39.end up 结束；告终
He tried several different jobs, finally ending up as a teacher.
他做过一些不同的工作，最终成为一名教师。
He started working in this company as a clerk but ended up as the general manager.
他剐进公司的时候只是个小职员，但最后却成了总经理。
40.take up 占去；占据
The cupboard takes up much space in my kitchen.这个柜子占了我厨房里很大的空间。
You'd better move away all the toys, because they take up too much space.
你最好把这些玩具都移走，它们占据了太多空间。
She took up the story which John had left off telling.她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。
41.take the lead 带头；做榜样
He took the lead at the beginning of the race.比赛刚开始时他领跑。
She always takes the lead in doing anything.她总是带头傲任何事。
42.do one's part 尽自己的职责
Evetyone should do his or her part in the cause of environmental protection,
每个人都应该尽自己的一份力，为环境保护事业作贡献。
语法：独立主格结构常见类型及其用法
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：
1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
（一）独立主格结构的常见形式
1. 名词（代词）+ 现在分词
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
2. 名词（代词）+ 过去分词
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
4. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
5. 名词（代词）+ 形容词或副词
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。
6. There being + 名词（代词）
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
7. It being + 名词（代词）
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
（二）独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 用作时间状语
The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
2. 用作条件状语
Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 用作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教
授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 用作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表示补充说明
A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
（三）使用独立主格结构的几点注意
1. 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：
It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2) 在There being＋名词的结构中。如：
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：
Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如：
The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
比较动名词复合结构：
The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.
5. 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：
The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。
Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。
1.He stood there, his hands________ behind.
A、tying
B、tied
C、were tying
D、were tied
答案：B
解析：此题旨在考查独立主格作方式状语。名词或代词+过去分词”作为独立主格结构作状语。名词/代词与过去分词构成逻辑上的被动关系。
2.________, Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.
A、Being ill
B、He was ill
C、Tom being ill
D、To be ill
答案：C
解析：此题考查独立主格结构作原因状语。名词或代词加现在分词构成的独立主格结构。干扰性最强的选项为A项，A项为现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子的主语Mother，那和“Mother had to…looked after him”意思不一致了。英雌，必须掌握分词作状语与独立主格结构作状语的区别。
3.Everyone________ their seats, the meeting began.
A、taken
B、taking
C、having taken
D、to take
答案：C
解析：此题考查独立主格结构作时间状语。A项taken为过去分词，它与逻辑主语之间逻辑上是被动关系，而此题中everyone与take their seats 应为主动关系。B项强调动作与句子谓语表示的动作同时发生，而此题中应是先就座，后开会，有明显的先后顺序。
1.________ her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag ________ behind her.
A. Seeing; flying
B. Seen; flown
C. To see; to fly
D. Seeing; was flying
2. Please keep us ____ of any change of address as soon as possible.
A. informing
B. informed
C. being informed
D. to inform
3. ---Have all the mysteries been cleared up?
--- Almost. But ______ only one question ______.
A. there remains; answered
B. it remains; to be answered
C. there remains; to be answered
D. it remains; answered
1. 答案：A
解析：考查现在分词的用法。第一空相当于when the little girl saw her father，其可改为seeing her father；第二空考查独立主格结构作伴随状语。
2.答案：B
解析：考查过去分词的用法。此处考查keep sb informed的形式，其意为：使某人被告知。
3.答案：C
解析：考查there be句型及不定式作定语。语境：---所有的谜团都解开了吗？---几乎都解开了。只剩下一个还未解决。