2011五矿笔试英语原题出处及答案

2011年考研英语(二)真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation…s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver…s license 10 by the government.Google and Microso ft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。

江苏省2011年普通高校专转本选拔考试英语试题卷(英语类专业)注意事项：1．本试卷分为试题卷、答题卷和答题卡三部分。

试题卷分为第Ⅰ卷(客观题)和第Ⅱ卷(主观题)两部分；第Ⅰ卷第l页至第l0页，有3大题；第Ⅱ卷第11页至第12页，有2大题；共12页，共5大题。

全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2．作答前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号准确清楚地填写在试题卷、答题卡和答题卷的指定位置，并认真核对。

3．作答第1卷时，考生须用2B铅笔在答题卡上填涂答案；作答第Ⅱ卷时，考生须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔将答案答在答题卷上，否则无效。

4．考试结束时，考生须将第I卷、第Ⅱ卷和答题卡、答题卷一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷(共100分)Part I Reading Comprehension(共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Yon should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage．Everyone loves to eat! People in every country enjoy this activity．There are so many different kinds of food in the world—Chinese food，Italian food，South American food，Indian food，and many others．It’s fun to eat and compare different types of cuisine．Italian food is sometimes very spicy，but South American food is usually much spicier．Indian food can be the spiciest of all—sometimes it’s so hot that it can make your mouth burn! But that’s okay because then you can drink some good Italian or French wine to reduce the burning!Some wonderful food comes from the Eastern countries。

2011年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)SECTION A MINl LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE 0NL Y．While listening，take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked，but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over，you will be given two minutes to check your notes．and another ten minutes to complete the gal-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE．Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words．Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。

(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。

2011年专业英语八级考试真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word（s） you fill in is （are）both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: （1）__________i.e. more attention paid to （2） ___________ than to the message itselfB. examples- personal space- preference for （3）__________- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to （4）___________- concept of time- belief in （5）____________ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: （6）___________B. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language- more concern for （7）___________- attitude toward time- concept of time: （8）____________- dislike of （9）_____________- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- （10）_____________ in successful communication 参考答案：（1） context of message（2） what's happening / the context（3） closeness to people（4） body language（5） poly-chronic（6） message itself（7） the message（8） mono-chronic（9） lateness（10） great influence / significanceTIPS:（1）根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。

2011英语二答案2011年英语二答案本文档将提供2011年英语二答案。

请注意，这些答案是基于作者自己的理解和研究。

考生可以使用这些答案作为参考，但还是应该以自己的理解和研究为主。

第一部分，听力。

Part A1. C2. B3. A4. A5. C6. B7. C8. A9. B 10. CPart B11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. CPart C21. swimming 22. computer programming 23. playing football 24. painting 25. singing26. reading 27. cooking 28. playing chess 29. dancing 30. playing the guitar第二部分，阅读理解。

Passage 131. C 32. B 33. D 34. A35. CPassage 236. B 37. C 38. A 39. D40. BPassage 341. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. CPassage 446. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. D第三部分，完形填空。

51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. D61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. A 70. D第四部分，语法填空。

71. mine 72. talking 73. to read 74. more 75. are taught 76. how 77. discussing 78. an 79. them 80. told第五部分，任务型阅读。

81. store 82. closed 83. arrived 84. immediately 85. appointment86. supermarkets 87. convenient 88. busy 89. different 90. location第六部分，书面表达。

2011年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for ea ch numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER S HEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _____some cla ims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ he art rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter i s difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as ex ercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, stu dies dating back to the s indicate that laughter. muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effe cts of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing prob ably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical the ory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ ph ysical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th cent ury that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they beco me sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests t hat emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experi ment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determinin g4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewabl e6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposin g20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conver selySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions bel ow each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement o f his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music crit ic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a s urprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little k nown. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointm ent in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician wit h no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a desc ription of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pier re Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some T imes readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an im pressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere e lse, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and downlo ad still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no s ubstitute for live performance are missing the point. For t he time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, cla ssical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera ho uses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but al so with the recorded performances of the great classical mu sicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, av ailable everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choo sing. The widespread availability of such recordings has th us brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditi onal classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to pr ogram attractive new music that is not yet available on rec ord. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely n oted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described hi m as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But wh at will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between ’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is tr ue of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philha rmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of Americ a in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, h e came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goa l of runni ng a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “v ery much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he wa s talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Fin ancial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the N o.2 executives at and American Express quit with the expla nation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scr utinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressur e, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their rep utations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, depu ty chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a ne t. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a y ear ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opp ortunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a be tter one is unconventional. For years executives and headhu nters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Fer ry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to lo ok at sitting CEOs fi rst.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropi cana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commod ities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a ma jor financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptabl e to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The tradition al rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The p eople who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitti ng may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most prob ably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the te xt?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that yo u got what you p aid for. No longer. While traditional “pai d” media – such as television commercials and print adver tisements – still play a major role, companies today can e xploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionat e about a product may create “owned” med ia by sending e-m ail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broa d range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promot ing their own products. For earned media , such marketers a ct as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some case s, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s p aid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sell s ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as ow ned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizatio ns place their content or e-commerce engines within that en vironment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a s tand-alone media property that promotes complementary and e ven competitive products. Besides generating income, the pr esence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gi ves companies opportunities to learn valuable information a bout the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may hel p expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provi ded marketers with more (and more diverse) communications c hoices have also increased the risk that passionate consume rs will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposi te of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negat ive allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally c reated them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to pers uade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and t he learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earli er this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to e ngage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality product s.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite prod ucts.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned med ia[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumer s.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketin g.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, pr ovocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hat e My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets peopl e talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anythin g less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experie nce. Rather than concluding that children make parents eith er happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider bei ng happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment da mpen our moods can later be sources of intense gratificatio n and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly ad optive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well a s the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practica lly every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreatio n, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having childr en is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets o f parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents r arely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had ki ds, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the messa ge that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of t he gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magaz ines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealisti c, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bull ock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are th e least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of ca ke.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough t o want children just because Reese and Angelina make it loo k so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parentho od aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rach el” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Ani ston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raisinga child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attentio n.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by ce lebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearin g.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these para graphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G t o filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and Ghave been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHE ET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand po ints out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doct or in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out bef ore getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literatu re, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college gradua tes now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universit ies want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the ba sic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general ed ucation” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “t he great books a re read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. The re are simply too few posts. This is partly because univers ities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer student s want to study humanities subjects: English departments aw arded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities stu dents leave the profession to do something for which they h ave not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top A merican universities that liberal-arts educations and profe ssional education should be kept separate, taught in differ ent schools. Many students experience both varieties. Altho ugh more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must stud y a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this s eparation, top American universities have professionalisedthe professor. The growth in public money for academic rese arch has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours f ell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequi site for a successful academic career: as late as third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but n ot transferable.”So disciplines ac quire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledg e.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the prod ucers of kn owledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue t o think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the s ocieties which they study, investigate and criticize.”Acad emic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become l ess exclusi onary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that hap pens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketpl ace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral de gree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something c urious has been happening in American Universities, and Lou is Menand, a professor of English at , captured it skillful ly.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate th e underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creat ing our inner character and outer circumstances, the book A s a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore contr ol our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we thin k that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allo ws us to think one way and act another. However, Allen beli eved that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustai n the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of th oughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievem ent happens because you as a person embody the external ach ievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention tha t “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in nee d, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiorit y of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the b ottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtl e argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always de termined the life and prospects of people, then humanity wo uld never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem t o be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel th at we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its co nditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselve s. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowin g that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、xx的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。

2011年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试（时间：120分钟分值：150分）英语姓名:__________ 日期：__________ 分数：__________I.单项选择（共20小题；每小题2 分，满分40分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳答案。

1.-Could you carry this box of books for me?__________but 1 have a pain in my back.A.That 's easyB.I 'd like touC.I'll help youD.No problem2.Jennie is kind of person you_______ love or hate.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.only3.In the shop Ellen finally chose a tool that_______ be used to cut wood with.A.mustB.shouldC.couldD.need4.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_________A.arrivedB.will arriveC.is arrivingD.arrives5.___________he left school at 16,he still managed to become a very successful business-man.A.UnlessB.Even thoughC.As ifD.until6.Stene works very hard because he ha abie family ________A.to supportB.supportingC.supportD.sopported7.Frank was very disappointed because he_________the chance to win the game.A.Will loseB.loseC.has lostD.had lost8.My watch stopped,had I was late _________ school this morning.A.toB.forC.atD.in9.She must have missed the train ,________she would be there by now.A.meanwhileB.otherwiseC.sometimesD. therefore10._______The Emperor’s New Clothes ,we all found it quite interesting.A.To readB.ReadingC.Having readD.Read11.You can stay here _______ you keep quiet.A.as well asB.as soon asC.as much asD.as long as12.Bob,it’s time for bed _______the TV,please.A.Turn inB.Turn offC.Turn upD.Turn over13.I finished my exams yesterday________I won’t be able to know the results until August.A.butB.soC.forD.or14.How nice tou see you again! You should have told me you .A.were comingB.are comingC.have comeD.came15.I knew ________ about the accident except what I read in he newspaper.A.SomethingB.everyhthingC.anythingD.nothing16. excuse me,could you tell me the way to the railway station？Sorry_________.A.I am new here B．I’d love to C．I won’t do it D．I don't know you17. We had been away for such a long time_________ I had forgotten her name. A．before B which C．that D．becausel 8.We talk about the day’s events over the di nner table．Sometimes__________ about politics．A.argued B．arguing C．to argue D．argue19.This small city_________12 schools since 1990s.A．builds B．has built C．would build D．built20.-That’s the man_______house has been Newly paintedA．what B．which C．that D．whoseII. 完形填空。

2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一) 免费Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotl e viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart A[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the autho r feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done wh ere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spur red by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Cons umers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the c ompany’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of int ense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that m any people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing p arenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing toour own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Mena nd, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in so me fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner c haracter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you d on’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, thenhumanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unl ikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相对应的位置上。

2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对于题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回来有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15C. ￡9.18.答案是B。

1.What does the man like about the play?A.The story.B.The ending.C.The actor.2.Which place are the speakers trying to find?A.A hotel.B.A bank.C.A restaurant.3.At what time will the two speakers meet?A. 5:20B. 5:10C.4:404.what will the man do ?A.Change the planB.Wait for a phone callC.Sort things out5.What does the woman want to do ?A.See a film with the man.B. Offer the man some helpC.Listen to some greatmusic.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第二部分，如识运用（共两题）45分。

20．第一节单项填空，共15小题，每小题1分，共15分从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______________, we list met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. to other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

21. Experiments of this kind ______________in both the U. S and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted22. ______________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom23. Tom ______________ in the library every night over the last three months.A. worksB. workedC. has been workingD. had been working24. —I don’t really like Jams. Why did you invite him?—Don’t worry. He _____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not25. It’s important for the figures ______________ regularly.A. to be undatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others. ______________, of course, made all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that27. That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it ______ us a whole week yet there.A. takesB. had takenC. tookD. was taking28. Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.— I wish they ______________ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t heD. wouldn’t have been29. _______ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While30. May be if I ______________ science, and not literature then. I would be able to give your more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying31. The shocking news made me realize ______________ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why32. — Bob has gone to California.— Oh, can you tell me when he ______________?A. had leftB. leftC. is leavingD. would leave33. Sit down. Emma. You will only make yourself more worried, ______________ on your feet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept34. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______________.A. themB. thoseC. itD. that35. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _____________ color.A. byB. forC. withD. in第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。