初中英语语法之一名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（mCountable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：||专有名词 || | 名| | 个体名词 | | || || 可数名词| || | 集体名词 || ||普通名词 || | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | || || 不可数名词| || | 抽象名词 || 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 _________________________________________________ _ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/;bag-bags car-cars __________________________________________________ _ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches ______________________________________________ __ __ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses __________________________________________________ _ 以辅音字母+y变y 为i 结尾的词再加es读 /z/baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
中考英语语法专项练习题及答案中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语 主谓一致 英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】 Ⅰ. 用适当的be动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 17. What you said _______ (be) quite useful to us. 18. Look! The class _______ (do) morning exercise on the playground. 19. Twenty years _______ (have) passed since he left his hometown. 20. Three glasses of milk _______ (be) enough for us. Ⅲ. 单项选择 ( )21. Either Tom or I ______ going there tomorrow. A. are B. is C. am D. be ( )22. Jenny as well as her friends ______ swimming. A. are going B. has gone C. were going D. have gone ( )23. No one ______ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked ( )24. —What ______ the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them ______ from the USA.
David
一名词的分类： 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 二，名词变复数： 2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划
中考英语语法总结 一、祈使句结构 1 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful. 否定结构： Don't move. Don't be late. 2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句 a. Let's 包括说话者 Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we = Shall we have another try b. Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another try，will you / won't you = Will you please let us have another try
否定结构： Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter. 二、感叹句结构 感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 What +名词+ 陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!
中考语法专题训练(一) 名词 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.[2018·泰州] About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork, Justin asked me for my . A.position B.attention C.suggestion D.introduction 2.[2018·宿迁] Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this sculptures. A.pride B.praise C.promise D.progress 3.[2018·盐城] Please give me some on how to spend the coming weekend. A.space B.advice C.praise D.courage 4.[2018·扬州] The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon. A.contribution B.communication C.celebration D.competition 5.[2018·常州]Lights are out. The concert is to begin. The fans hold their breath for Jay Chou’s. A.influence B.guidance C.experience D.appearance 6.[2018·南京]—Do you have this T-shirt in a small ? —I’m afraid not. It only comes in medium. A.size B.colour C.material D.taste 7.[2018·莱芜]Stephen Hawking’s story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties. A.chance B.wealth C.courage D.decision 8.[2018·铜仁]—What would you like to drink? —I’d like three . A.bottles of waters B.bottle of waters C.bottle of water D.bottles of water 9.[2018·北部湾] The woman in a hat is aunt. A.Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack’s and John’s D.Jack and John’s 10.[2018·本溪]—Your is quite good. You must be from an English-speaking country. —Thanks, but I’m from China.
初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020
初中英语动词时态精讲 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不 错，讲的可不行。
4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 一般过去时 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
名词及主谓一致专项练习题： 1-What __the number of the students in your school? -About two thousand . A number of them___from Englan. A. is, are B. is ,is C. are ,is D. are , are 2,-How far is your cousin`s home from here? -It`s about two ____drive. A. hour`s B. hours C. hours` D. hour 3, This is my twin sister Lucy . Both she and I _____good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D.be 4,We have no ___in the fridge. Let`s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. vegetables B. eggs C. meat D. fruit 5. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they have to sit on the ___. A. ground B. earth C. land D. field 6.-Excuse me, how far is it from the school to your home? -Not far. It`s only a ____. A. ten–minute walk B. ten-minute`s walk C. ten-minute-walk 7.Both Jim and Kate ___in Beijing now. They both ____from America. A. is; come B. are; come C. is; comes D. are; comes 8.There are a lot of _____in our school. They work very hard. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. womans teachers 9. My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me ______on English learning. A. advices B. many advices C. some advice 10. Mr Green with his wife ___ sitting there when I came in. A. is B. was C. are 11.-Where is the manager from? -I don`t know, but from his _____ I think he is from the south . A. voice B. sound C. pronunciation D. accent 12.The music made me think of the _______of a running stream. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. Sound 冠词专项练习题： 1.Tim has tried twice , and his father asks him to have _____third try. A. the B. a C. another 2. I think it`s ____ useful advice, so I will always remember it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3.On __sunny afternoon , my parents and I had a good time on the beach. A. the B. an C. a D. / 4.He is _____University student and he comes from ____island in England . A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a a 代词专项练习题 1．--Who will send you to the new school, your mom or your dad? --______I`ll go there alone. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D . None 2. –Do you have anything important to say for yourself? --_______except sorry. A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything 3. –When shall we go to the museum , this afternoon or tomorrow morning? --_____is OK. I`m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D.Neither 4. My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy ____for him. A. a B. that C. the one D. one 5.Your watch is quite nice .Where did you buy ____? In Shanghai. Do you want to have ___like this? A. it one B. it it C. one it D. one one 6.In my class some students love music, ______are fond of drawing and ____enjoy reading. A. some; the other B. others; the other C. others the others D. some; others
初中英语语法-----主谓一致---(附练习题和答案)
初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法 一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。 一、语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数---- 谓语复数；主语单数----- 谓语单数 1、主语复数的情况---- 谓复 ⑴people, police, staff, crowd, sheep, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are waiting for the boy. The staff are dressed as clowns. ⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是 老师。 ⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. ⑷the ＋a. 表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式： The poor aren’t always very sad, while the rich aren’t always happy. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 2、主语单数的情况----- 谓单 ⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式： Some water is in the bottle. The boy is playing football on the playground. ⑵many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式： Many a student has been to Shanghai.
人教版2020届中考英语语法突破专题—— 《宾语从句》 宾语从句是历届中考必考单选题型，一般出现在单选题的倒数第一题或者倒数第二题，基本上各省份考试均涉及一道宾语从句题，一般在九年级第二学期开学或者第一学期期中学习，宾语从句是中考三大从句题之一（三大从句分别为：状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句）。因为涉及句子结构问题，很多学生对这一题型得分率很低，很多次模拟考试都不能做对，使得本应该轻松到手的分数白白丢弃。本人结合自己多年的教学经验，整理出宾语从句的解题方法，方便广大考生借鉴参考。 （一）什么是宾语从句 宾语从句先从字面上理解，其实就是原来的句子中的宾语或者宾语补足语，从原来的一个单词或词组变成了现在的一个句子，比如： ◎句子中只有宾语的情况 ①I told you.我告诉你 这个句子中，我是主语，told是谓语动词，you是宾语。 ◎句子中既有宾语又有宾语补足语的情况 ②I told you a story.我告诉你一个故事 这个句子中，我是主语，told是谓语动词，you是宾语，a story是宾语补足语。 初中英语所涉及的宾语情况就这两种情况，在初中阶段不会遇到其他情况，所以，我们的宾语从句形式也以此只有两种情况 分别将①和②中的宾语和宾语补足语用句子来代替，就形成了我们所说的宾语从句，即我们可以将①中的宾语you替换为一个句子，例如： ②I asked when they would come to there. 句中的I是主语，asked是谓语动词，when they will come to there.是宾语从句，是一个句子,在句中的作用地位和①中的you一致。 将②中的a story 变为句子，例如： ③I told you that he was not in the school yesterday.
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 2011届中考英语语法专项练习题及答案- 2011 届中考英语语法专项练习题及答案2010—2011 学年中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语主谓一致英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致” 。 一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】Ⅰ. 用适当的 be 动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) 1/ 98
初中英语语法知识精讲精练：连词 连词 (一) 知识概要 连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or, or else, otherwise…再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。从 属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句， 常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。具体用法见下表。
连词用法一览表 种类功用例句 并列连词连接具有并列关系的词 He knows neither English nor French. 短语 Are you going by bus or on foot? 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 从属连词引导：状语从句 I'll do it as you told me. You will be late unless you hurry. 连接代词和连接副词主语从句 What he said proved true. When we'll start has not been decided yet. 表语从句 This is why he didn't come yesterday. That is where he lives. 宾语从句 The man asked me which I liked best. I can't understand why she is so late.
定语从句专题复习教案 Revising Attribute Clause Lecturer: Time: ◆Three dimensional Teaching Aims： Knowledge aims: 1. Know the trends of attributive clauses to be tested in NMET2008. Ability aims: 2. Master the usage of Relative pron. and Relative adverbs. Emotional aims: 3. Distinguish some groups of relative conjunctions easy to misuse. 4. Tell the difference among several kinds of clauses to cultivate Ss’ integrating skills. ◆Teaching Important Points: 1. How to tell the difference between “as/ which, that/which”,etc. 2. Revising “Prep+Relative pron.” ◆Teaching Difficulties: 1. “as” leading attributive clauses, 2. How to use “where, when, why” properly and understand the relation with “that” ◆Learning Strategy: Make the students learn to summarize and induce what they have learned, thus building knowledge network. Then they can develop life-long ability of learning. ◆Teaching Type: Revision ◆Teaching aids: 1) Multimedia 2) Paper sheet ◆Teaching Procedures: Step I. Lead-in Give out paper sheets, asking the students to find out attributive clauses in the reading material taken from Reading D NMET2007.I Step II. Analyzing the status of Attributive clause Introduction to trends of Attributive clause tested in NMET 1. The non-restrictive attributive clause is an important testing point, focused on difference between leading words “as” and “which”. 2. More than one clause is put together, such as emphasizing structure ( it be…that), appositive clauses(that…), adverbial clauses (such that/as…) 3. “Prep +Relative pron (which, whom)” 4. Testing forms: Multiple choice, Proofreading, Cloze test, Reading comprehension and Writing (Discuss the above, and make them have a better understanding their difference.) Strategy: 1. Have a better understanding of how to use Relative pron and Relative adverbs. 2. Try to tell the difference “as/which；that/which; that/as” 3. Know how to use a preposition in the structure “Prep+ Relative pron”.
