一．一般现在时
1. 1含be动词的一般现在时
1.含义：表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。
2.谓语动词的构成：am / is / are
3.句型：
1). 肯定句：主语＋ be动词＋其他。
注意： ?句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; ?句末加实心点。
2). 否定句：主语＋ be动词＋ not ＋其他。
注意：?句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; ? 在be动词后面加not ; ?句末加实心点。
3). 一般疑问句：Be动词＋主语＋其他
注意：?把be动词提前; ?句子的第一个单词的首字母大写; ?第一人称改为第二人称;④句末加问号。
肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋ be 动词。
否定回答：No, 主语＋ be 动词＋ not.
4).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句
含实义动词的一般现在时
1.含义：?表示现在的事实或状态?表示现在的习惯或反复的动作
2.谓语动词的构成：do/does
3.动词的第三人称单数形式的变化形式（动词的适当形式）
?一般情况下，直接在动词后面加s。例：want - wants
?以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，加es。例：wash - washes ; go - goes; do - does
?以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加es。例：try - tries
4.句型：
肯定句: 主语＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单）
主语＋动词的适当形式＋其他。（主语是三单）
否定句: 主语＋do＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语非三单）
主语＋does＋not＋动词原形＋其他。（主语是三单）
一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语非三单）
肯定回答:Yes, 主语＋do. 否定回答:No, 主语+do+not.
Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他（主语是三单）
肯定回答：Yes,主语+does. 否定回答: No, 主语＋does＋not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句
二、
一般将来时
Be going to 句型
1.含义：?打算要做某事?准备做某事
2.谓语动词的构成：be going to + V原
3.句型：
?肯定句：主语 + be going to + V原+ 其他。
?否定句：主语 + be + not + going to + V原+ 其他。
?一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + V原+ 其他
肯定句：Yes, 主语 + be. 否定句：No, 主语 + be + not.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句
will/shall
1.含义：表示将要做还没有做
2.谓语动词的构成：will / shall + V原
3.句型：
?肯定句：主语 + will / shall + V原+ 其他。
?否定句：主语 + will / shall + not + V原+ 其他。
?一般疑问句：will / shall + 主语 + V原+ 其他
肯定句：Yes, 主语 + will / shall. 否定句：No, 主语 +will / shall + not.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句
If 真实条件句：(主将从现)
1. if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，可放在主句后，也可放在主句前，常用逗号隔开。
2. 含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句有下列情况时，从句用一般现在时
表示将来意义：
当主句为一般将来时态时。如： If your daughter comes, I will call you up.
当主句是祈使句时。如： Please stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
当主句的谓语含有can, may, must等情态动词时。
如：If he goes on smoking, it may be very bad for his health.
当主句的谓语是hope, wish, want等动词时。
如：I want to go there if the rain stops.
一.单项选择
you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time
A. will go
B. went
C. go
D. going
2．I ____ her the answer if she ____me.
A. can tell, will ask
B. will tell, will ask
C. would tell, ask
D. will tell, asks
3. What are you going to do tomorrow --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.
A. isn’t rain
B. rain
C. won’t rain
D. doesn’t rain
4. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit
A. go
B. went D. will go
5. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A.will come
B. comes
C. is coming
D. Came
1.If he hard, he will get good grades.
2. A. study B. Studies C. will study D. Studied
3.I want to know if Mary to the party tomorrow.
A. go
B. Went
C. will go
D. goes
3. Everyone must dress up. If you , they won’t let you in.
A. don’t
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. mustn’t
4. Mary will go to Sanya if she a five-day trip.
A. have
B. Had
C. will have
D. has
5. If he comes late, he will miss the train.
A. and
B. So
C. /
D. or
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
you ________(feel) tired, you ____________ (have) to have a rest.
2. Where ________ he ____(see) the film if he _________(have) time
3. If there ________(be) fewer trees, there __________( be) more pollution.
4. He __________(dress) more casually if he ________( not work) on weekends.
5. If Marcia _______(live) alone, she __________( keep) a pet parrot.
6. Lana ________ (buy) a new dress if the old one ____(be) out of style.
twins ___________(fight) if they__________(argue).
8. I __________(have) a bake sale if I ____(need) money for education.
9. Peter _______( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _______(tour) Spain.
10. If Mr Green _______ (say) I am hard- working, my parents ______( feel) glad. ______(go) to the beach if it________ ( not rain) this week.
12. _____they _____( have) a match if the . teacher _____(be) busy
____(write) a letter to his grandparents if he ____(get) his report card this week.
14. If she ______(get) up late, she _________ ( not catch) the early bus.
________(major) in English if he ____(pass) the exams in Peking University.
英语语法：强调句 一、强调句英语中有时为了需要，经常要强调句子中的某一成分，要用到一些强调句型。 强调句型的基本结构是： It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+句子的其余部分 ①连接词 一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night. 约翰和迈克昨晚在路上看到了玛丽。 It is Mary whom/ who he often helps . 他经常帮助玛丽。 It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 我昨天在路上碰到了他。 ②不同的强调成分 正是玛丽昨天在路上遇到一个乞丐。 It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
(强调主语) 玛丽昨天在路上遇到一个乞丐。 It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语) 正是昨天玛丽在路上遇到一个乞丐。 It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语) 昨天正是在路上玛丽遇到一个乞丐。 It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语) 注意：有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。 ③时态 如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is...that...如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was...that...
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
1.I am sure that Huston Rockets ___ the game, if Yao Ming’s knee had not been hurt. A. would win B. might have won C. will win D, could win 2.____ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A. Jack has known B. If Jack known C. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known 4. Given more time and money, he ___ better than what it is. A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do 5. Without your encouragement and support, we ___ . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeeded C. would have succeeded D. would not have succeeded 6. The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster. A. will amount to B. amounted to C. would have amounted to D. would amount to 7. If I ___ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do 8. He ___ ten lectures on American history, but he.only gave two because of his illness. A. had given B. gave C. should have given D. must have given 9. Any man in his position ___ like that. A. have done B. would have done C. would be done D. would be doing 10. Five minutes earlier, I ___ the flight. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I ___ the chair. A. would not take B. didn’t take C. hadn’t taken D. wouldn’t have taken 12. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 13. __ you __ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (经销商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ___ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ____ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen h is old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my stud ents. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
If引导条件状语从句的详细用法解答 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如： If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework，you can go home．如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如： If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic．要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。 另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。2．if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 3．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 4．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时 If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5．if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时 If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。 6．if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时 If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账 注意： 学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。 假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形
①与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不可能是你。) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
英语语法---强调句 英语强调句型的基本结构: “It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…”。若将其去掉，句子意思依然清楚、结构依然完整. ★看到it is that , it was that, 即警觉这是典型强调句型 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 但是，，，，下面的例子则不是强调句 若去掉It was…that (who)…结构词，句子意思则不通、结构则不完整，那么就可能不是强调句。请看下面一题： It was ten o’clock ________ he came back. A. that B. when C. so D. which 许多同学以为这是考查强调句型，从而误选答案A。而其实此题最佳答案是B。因为这不是一个强调句型，假若去掉结构词it was…that…，句子则成了Ten o’clock he came back，句子结构不完整、时间前面缺介词! 此句要成为强调句,应在ten o’clock前加适当介词。如： It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。 It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。 It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。 It was ten o’clock when he came back 是一个包含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ★表示强调的常用方式1 加do： Do try this fish. 请(一定)尝尝这鱼。 He did like the girl. 他(的确)喜欢这女孩。 I do hope you'll stay for lunch. 我(的确)希望你留下吃午饭 ★表示强调的常用方式2将要强调的成分置句首： This everyone must remember. 这一点每个人都得记住。 This love you must remember 这份爱你必须记得 ★表示强调的常用方式3特殊疑问句： It was Mary that bought a new car.是玛丽买了一辆新车（不是安娜也不是比尔）(强调 句型的陈述句形式)
Unit 4 一. if 条件句 if可以引导真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，能够实现的情况。在这种情况下，主句和从句的谓语动语随各自的人称和时态发生变化，同时if条件句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们去野餐。 如果if条件句用来描述说话人认为与事实相反的内容，或仅是一种愿望，假设、猜测等，我们称为虚拟条件句。 If I got rich , I would travel around the world. 如果我有钱了，我将周游全世界。 二.虚拟语气 区分条件从句主句例句 ★与现在事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were）… 主语+would/should/could/ might+动词原形… If I were rich, I would buy a big house. 如果我 有钱，我将买一所大房 子。 与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ 过去分词… 主语 +would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词… If I had read this article earlier, I would not have made this kind of mistake.如果我早读过这 篇文章，我就不会犯这 样的错误了。 与将来事实相反If+主语+过去 式（be多用 were） /should+动词 原形/were to+ 动词原形… 主语 +would/should/could/might+动 词原形… If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明 天下雨，比赛就会被推 迟。
真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。例如： If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【详解】 条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由if来引导，作“如果……，那么……”讲。 注：当连词if作“是否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。 ( ) 1. —I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010山东莱芜） —Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before ( ) 2. I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it ______, we won’t go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain ( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _______ we don’t protect the earth. （2010上海） A. until B. before C. though D. if 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. We will stay at home if my aunt ______ to visit us tomorrow. A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming ( ) 2. —Do you know if he ______ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be ( ) 3. You will keep healthy ______ you do more exercise, such as running and swimming. A. if B. how C. before D. where Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。 4. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。 We will go to the zoo ______ ______ ______ ______ tomorrow. 5. 如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, let’s go to play chess. 6. 如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。 If everyone protects the environment, the world ______ ______ ______ ______. 二、非真实条件句: 也叫虚拟条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其具体形式如下： 时间概念条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词 与现在事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+do 与过去事实相反had done/been would(could/should/might)+have done 与将来事实相反did/were would(could/should/ might)+ do should do were to do
高中英语语法之强调句及练习题 一、强调句句型 1.陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。 e.g.It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2.一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it 前面。 e.g.Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3.特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分? e.g.When and where was it that you were born? 4.强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。 强调主语：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 5.注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was……，其余的时态用It is……. 二、not…until…句型的强调句 1.句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 e.g.普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 2.注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用;因为句型中It is/was not……已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 三、谓语动词的强调 1.It is/was……that……结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did.
强调句 强调是为了对一定语境下的内容进行突出而采用的一种修辞手法。 1．一个基本句型。 强调句的基本句型是：“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他部分”。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语，同位语等。 2．两种时态。 强调句中的时态要依原句的时态而定，即原句用过去的某种时态，be就用过去时，原句为现在某种时态，be就用现在时态。 It is Jack who loves football most.最爱足球的是jack。（is和love时态保持一致） It was because I was stuck in the traffic that I came late.（was和came时态保持一致) 3．三个引导词。 一般来说，只用that进行连接，只人时可以用who (作主语或宾语)whom（作宾语） 4．四种句式。 （1）一般疑问的强调句式 一般疑问的强调句式是“is/was it +被强调部分+that/who/whom+从句” Was it in this place that the last emperor died? Was it because you were late that you got scolded? （2）特殊疑问的强调句式（只有疑问词可以被强调） 特殊疑问的强调句式是 “特殊疑问词（疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was it +被强调部分+that/who/whom+从句（陈述语序）” Who was it that wrote these famous plays? Where was it that you picked up the wallet? （3）反意疑问的强调句式 It is Jack who loves football most, isn’t it? （4）省略句的强调句式 Who makes so much noise? =it is the children who/that make so much noise. 5．五个复杂结构 （1）被强调部分含有宾语从句 （2）被强调部分含有主语从句 （3）被强调部分含有定语从句 （4）被强调部分含有同位语从句 （5）被强调部分含有not until
If 引导的一般条件状语从句 --------By the teacher: Jerry Zhang 条件状语从句 概念：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思，状语从句可以分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则] 经典语句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. If you open the door，I will come in. if 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般过去时。 We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去公园。 We will go traveling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。 主句祈使句，if 从句用一般现在时。 Please call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。 Sing a song if you feel happy. 如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！ 主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。 You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。 You can get number one if you study hard. 如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。 —Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain? 玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？ —Good idea. 好主意。 Unit5练习题：单词 1. If you wear your j___________ to school, the teacher won’t let you in. 2. If you bring food to school, the teacher will t_________ it away. 3. If you are on duty, you must c____________ up the classroom. 4. The f__________ in the garden smells nice. 5. I want to have a birthday party, please help me o___________ it.
If 引导条件句的用法 1、真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
If引导非真实条件句（虚拟语气）语法教学设计 一、课型分析 虚拟语气这一语法项目比较复杂繁多，在高考题型中都有可能会涉及到，是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点，掌握好虚拟语气对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。本节课主要是讲解if引导的非真实条件句。 1.什么是虚拟语气即虚拟语气的概念。 2.掌握if引导虚拟语气的语法规则。 二、学情分析 虽然所任教的班级是实验班，但大部分学生英语学习习惯差，语法知识混乱，甚至一部分学生学习英语困难，基础知识不扎实，在实际做题时常常无从下手，不能灵活运用。 三、教学目标 1. 掌握if引导虚拟语气语法的基本规则,能解决有关虚拟语气的习题。 2. 通过教师讲解引导，学生能完成相应的练习 3. 通过教师主动性和创造性的发挥，激发学生的学习兴趣，体验成就感。 四、教学重难点 1.教学重点：了解和掌握if引导虚拟语气语法项目的基本规则。 2.教学难点：能运用语法规则去完成各种练习，并在实际语言活动中去灵活应用，培 养学生的语言运用能力和英语思维。 五、教学方法 情景教学法、任务型教学法 六、教学手段 多媒体辅助教学 七、教学过程 step1. Leading in Enjoy the lis t poem “Our first football match”. (Book 6Unit2) （通过复习这首诗，让学生了解虚拟语气的基本概念，引出if引导的非真实条件句）step2. Presenting Suppose three conditions of present, past and future sentences. First condition: 1. If I won (win) the lottery, I would travel (travel) around the world. 2. If my daughter weren’t busy, she would go to the concert of XueZhiqian. Second condition: 共4页第1页共4页第2页
If 引导的一般条件状语从句 条件状语从句 概念：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思，状语从句可以分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则]) 经典语句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. If you open the door，I will come in. if 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般现在时。 We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去公园。 We will go traveling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。 主句祈使句，if 从句用一般现在时。 Please call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。 Sing a song if you feel happy. 如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！ 主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。 Y ou can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。 Y ou can get number one if you study hard. 如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。 —Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain? 玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？ —Good idea. 好主意。 1、主将从现：主语将来时，从句一般现在时，例：If it is rainy tomorrow，（从句）I will stay at home。（主句） 2、虚拟：主句用would do，从句用过去式，具有假设性，一定不会是真的，例如“如果我是你，我不会穿那条裤子”If I were you，I would not wear the pants。我永远都不可能是你，所以是具有假设性的，还有“如果你有一百万，你会怎么做？”突然天降横财机率是很小的，所以也是具有假设性的，像这种几乎不可能发生的事或者根本不会发生的事就用虚拟！ 条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承；or则表示转折，意为“否则”。例如： If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam. = Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些，你就会通过考试。 If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train. = Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就赶不上火车了。 在学习条件状语从句时，同学们要注意以下几点： 一、时态 如果主句是一般将来时态，这时从句不可以用将来时态，而要用一般现在时。例如： I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不和你一起去那儿了。 二、主从句的位置 大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。例如： Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。