英语进阶模块
山东省职业教育课程改革教材中等职业学校公共基础课（必修）Unit 1 Do You Want to Be a Successful Person
field / fi?ld / n. 研究领域，田
**athlete / '?θli?t / n. 运动员
scientist / 'sa??nt?st / n. 科学家
businessman / 'b?zn?sm?n / n. 商人
musician / mju'z??n / n. 音乐家
fan / f?n / n. 狂热爱好者，……迷
describe / d?'skra? b / v. 描述，描写
gold / g??ld / n. 金，金黄色，黄金
medal / 'medl / n. 奖牌，奖章
mention / 'men?n / v. 提及，说起
e-commercial / 'i?k?m???l / adj. 电子商业的，电子商务的
*rocket / 'r?k?t / n. 火箭
novel /' n?vl / n. 小说
**literature /'l?tr?t??(r) / n. 文学
province / 'pr?v?ns / n. 省，行政区
**reform / r?'f??m / n. 改革，改良,v. 改革
pioneer / ?pa??'n??(r) / n. 先锋，开拓者
**contribution / ?k?ntr?'bju??n / n. 贡献
*cooperation / k????p?'re??n / n. 合作，协作
**hybrid /'ha?br? d / n. 杂交种，混合种
research / r?'s??t? / v. & n. 研究
fighter / 'fa?t?(r) / n. 战斗机，歼击机，战士
*jet / d?et / n. 喷气式飞机
physician / f?'z??n / n. 医生，内科医师
disease / d?'zi?z / n. 疾病
**combine / k?m'ba?n / v. （使）结合，（使）联合
industrial /?n'd?str??l / adj. 工业的，产业的
efficiency / ?'f??nsi / n. 效率，功效
widely /' wa?dli / adv. 广泛地，范围大地
diet / 'da??t / n. 日常食物，节食
national / 'n??n?l / adj. 国家的，民族的
*economy / ?'k?n?mi / n. 经济（情况），节约
decide / d?'sa? d / v. 决定，判断
**policy /' p?l?si / n. 政策，方针
*economic / ?i?k?'n?m?k / adj. 经济的，经济学的
zone / z??n / n. （有某种特点或用途的）区域，时区
increase / ?n'kri?s / v. & n. （数量、尺寸或强度）增加，增长population / ?p?pju'le??n / n. 人口
poverty /' p?v?ti / n. 贫困，贫穷
drop / dr?p / v. 降低，减少
**initiative / ?'n???t?v / n. 主动行为，主动性
upgrade / ??p'ɡre? d / n. & v. 使升级，提高，提升
version /' v???n / n. 版本
warmly /' w??mli / adv. 热情地，暖和地
international / ??nt?'n??n?l / adj. 国际的，世界性的sign / sa?n / v. 签署,n. 指示牌
agreement / ?'ɡri?m?nt / n. 协议，同意，一致
rapid /' r?p? d / adj. 迅速的，快的
benefit /' ben?f?t / v. 有利于，对……有好处,n. 益处，好处exactly / ?ɡ'z?ktli / adv. 精确地，恰好地
success / s?k'ses / n. 成功的人（或事物），成功
expert /' eksp??t / n. 专家，高手
fame / fe?m / n. 名气
naturally /' n?t?r?li / adv. 自然地
expertise / ?eksp??'ti?z / n. 专门技能，专门知识
**mentor /' ment?? (r) / n. 导师，指导者
*tutorial / tju?'t??ri?l / n. （用于自修的）教程，辅导课doubt / da?t / n. 疑惑，不确定,v . 不能肯定，怀疑
shoulder /' ???ld? (r)/ n. 肩，肩膀
invest / ?n'vest / v. （为盈利）投资，投入
strength / stre?θ / n. 长处，力量
Unit 2 Let’s Keep Healthy!
bit /b?t/ n. 一点，少量
shape /?e?p/ n. 状态，外表，形状
overweight /???v?'we?t/ adj. 超重的，肥胖的
Africa /'?fr?k?/ n. 非洲
African /'?fr?k?n/ n. 非洲人,adj. 非洲的，非洲人的
seem /si?m/ v. 好像，让人觉得似乎
mean /mi?n/ v. 意味着，表示……的意思，打算
wealthy /'welθi/ adj. 富裕的
wonder /'w?nd?(r)/ n. 奇妙，奇迹，奇观，惊奇
support /s?'p??t/ v. 支持，资助，供养
percent /p?'sent/ adv. 百分之……
boxing /'b?ks??/ n. 拳击
achieve /?'t?i?v/ v. 达到，实现
goal /ɡ??l/ n. 目标，进球得分
upset /??p'set/ adj. 苦恼的，生气的
deal /di?l/ v. 交易
solution /s?'lu??n/ n. 解决办法，答案social /'s???l/ adj. 社交的，社会性的media /'mi?d??/ n. 大众传媒
limit /'l?m?t/ v. 限制,n. 限制，范围
**mental /'mentl/ adj. 精神健康的，智力的physical /'f?z?kl/ adj. 身体的，物质的teenager /'ti?ne?d??(r)/ n. 青少年
**focus /'f??k?s/ v. 集中
**debt /det/ n. 欠款，负债
*afford /?'f??d/ v. 支付得起，提供
lifestyle /'la?fsta?l/ n. 生活方式movement /'mu?vm?nt/ n. 活动，动作，运动wealth /welθ/ n. 财富，财产，钱财
*nowadays /'na??de?z/ adv. 现今
fresh /fre?/ adj. 新鲜的，新到的
**nutrient /'nju?tr??nt/ n. 营养物strengthen /'stre?θn/ v. 增强，强化
bone /b??n/ n. 骨头，骨质
lower /'l???(r)/ v. 降低，调低，减少
risk /r?sk/ n. 危险，风险
maintain /me?n'te?n/ v. 维持，供养
**nutrition /nju:'tr??n/ n. 营养，营养品
**beat /bi?t/ v. 跳动，击打，拍打
various /'ve?r??s/ adj. 各种各样的，许多的
tool /tu?l/ n. 工具，用具，手段
memory /'mem?ri/ n. 记忆力，回忆
awake /?'we?k/ adj. 醒着的
*issue /'??u?/ n. 问题
harmful /'hɑ?mfl/ adj. 有害的，导致损害的earphone /'??f??n/ n. 耳机
**audio /'??d???/ adj. 声音的，录音的worldwide /?w??ld'wa?d/ adv. 在全世界
loss /l?s/ n. 损失，亏损
figure /'f?ɡ?(r)/ n. 数字
income /'??k?m/ n. 收入
*device /d?'va?s/ n. 装置，设备
concert /'k?ns?t/ n. 音乐会
**entertainment /?ent?'te?nm?nt/ n. 娱乐，款待specialist /'spe??l?st/ n. 专家
sensory /'sens?ri/ adj. 感觉的
cell /sel/ n. 细胞
depend /d?'pend/ v. 取决，依靠
**decibel /'des?bel/ n. 分贝，响度
volume /'v?lju?m/ n. 音量
community /k?'mju?n?ti/ n. 社区，团体nearsighted /?n??'sa?t?d/ adj. 近视的
Unit 3 It’s a Wonderful Life.
*sprint /spr?nt/ n. 短跑比赛,v. 冲刺
record /'rek??d/ n. 最好成绩，最高纪录
holder /'h??ld?(r)/ n. 持有者，获得者
*relay /'ri?le?/ n. 接力赛
appoint /?'p??nt/ v. 任命
coach /k??t?/ n. 教练
character /'k?r?kt?(r)/ n. 性格，特征achievement /?'t?i?vm?nt/ n. 成就，成绩
**event /?'vent/ n. 比赛项目
normally /'n??m?li/ adv. 正常地，通常地screen /skri?n/ n. 屏幕，银幕
title /'ta?tl/ n. 名称，标题
romance /r??'m?ns/ n. 爱情故事，传奇故事
**fiction /'f?k?n/ n. 小说，虚构的事
horror /'h?r?(r)/ n. 恐惧
**comedy /'k?m?di/ n. 喜剧
animation /??n?'me??n/ n. 动画片
action /'?k?n/ n. 动作
suffering /'s?f?r??/ n. 痛苦
realize /'r??la?z/ v. 意识到，认识到
thief /θi?f/ n. 小偷
soldier /'s??ld??(r)/ n. 士兵
comfort /'k?mf?t/ v. 安慰
enemy /'en?mi/ n. 敌人，敌军
unfortunately /?n'f??t??n?tli/ adv. 不幸地waste /we?st/ n. 浪费，废物
printed /'pr?nt?d/ adj. 印刷的
countless /'ka?ntl?s/ adj. 无数的
regularly /'reɡj?l?li/ adv. 有规律地，经常handy /'h?ndi/ adj. 好用的
equip /?'kw?p/ v. 使有能力，装备
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力
relationship /r?'le??n??p/ n. 人际关系，联系slip /sl?p/ v. 悄悄移动，偷偷溜走
classical /'kl?s?kl/ adj. 古典的
poetry /'p???tri/ n. 诗歌
magazine /?m?ɡ?'zi?n/ n. 杂志
guide /ɡa?d/ n. 指南
*curiosity /?kj??r?'?s?ti/ n. 好奇心，求知欲imagination /??m?d??'ne??n/ n. 幻想，想象力knowledgeable /'n?l?d??bl/ adj. 博学的
*amazing /?'me?z??/ adj. 使人十分惊奇的
*absent /'?bs?nt/ adj. 缺席的
suitable /'su?t?bl/ adj. 适宜的，合适的
fur /f??(r)/ n. （动物的）毛皮
*leisure /'le??(r)/ adj. 空闲的，业余的
model /'m?dl/ n. 模特儿
*trend /trend/ n. 趋势，倾向
politics /'p?l?t?ks/ n. 政治，政治事物（或活动）jeans /d?i?nz/ n. 牛仔裤
vest /vest/ n. 背心，马甲
current /'k?r?nt/ adj. 现在的，当前的
global /'ɡl??bl/ adj. 全球的
represent /?repr?'zent/ v. 代表，体现，象征feature /'fi?t??(r)/ n. 特征
express /?k'spres/ v. 表达，表示
costume /'k?stju?m/ n. 服装
shiny /'?a?ni/ adj. 闪闪发亮的
require /r?'kwa??(r)/ v. 要求，需要
requirement /r?'kwa??m?nt/ n. 要求.
formal /'f??ml/ adj. 正式的，正规的
catwalk /'k?tw??k/ n. T 形台
**venue /'venju?/ n. 活动场地
Unit 4 Good Manners Can Help You Get Along Well with Others. litter / 'l?t?(r)/ v. 乱扔
emergency /i'm??d??nsi/ n. 紧急情况
silent /'sa?l?nt/ adj. 无声的，沉默的
**ban /b?n/ n. 禁令
bother /'b?e?(r)/ v. 打扰
**argue /'ɑ?gju:/ v. 主张，争论
follow /'f?l??/ v. 遵照，跟随
rule /ru?l/ n. 规则
enough /?'n?f/ adj. 足够的
pity /'p?ti/ n. 遗憾，同情
notice /'n??t?s/ v. 注意到
warn /w??n/ v. 告诫，警告
*behavior /b?'he?vj?(r)/ n. 行为
badmouth /'b?d?ma?θ/ v. 说……坏话
weakness /'wi?kn?s/ n. 缺陷，虚弱
fight /fa?t/ v. 斗争，争吵,n. 打架，斗争
negative /'neg?t?v/ adj. 负面的，否定的
right /ra?t/ n. 权利
room /ru?m/ n. 空间，余地
value /'v?lju?/ v. 重视，珍惜,n. 价值
hate /he?t/ v. 憎恶,n. 仇恨，厌恶
thought /θ??t/ n. 观点，想法
force /f??s/ v. 强迫，强行
conversation /?k?nv?'se??n/ n. 交谈，会话
lack /l?k/ v. 缺乏，缺少
recognize /'rek?gna?z/ v. 认出
opener /'??pn?(r)/ n. 开场
hat /h?t/ n. 帽子
gesture /'d?est??(r)/ n. 示意动作，手势
cross /kr?s/ v. 穿过，度过，越过
likely /'la?kli/ adv. 大概，很可能
interact /??nt?r'?kt/ v. 交流，相互作用
**occasion /?'ke??n/ n. 时机，场合
advertisement /?d'v??t?sm?nt/ n. 广告
site /sa?t/ n. 地点，场所
homeless /'h?uml?s/ adj. 无家可归的
disabled /d?s'e?bld/ adj. 有残疾的，有缺陷的
actually /'?kt?u?li/ adv. 实际上，确切地
certify /'s??t?fa?/ v. （尤指书面）证明
*outstanding /a?t'st?nd??/ adj. 杰出的，显著的
description /d?'skr?p?n/ n. 描述
**appreciate /?'pri???e?t/ v. 欣赏，感激
**slogan /'sl??g?n/ n. 口号，广告口号
Unit 5 All Countries Should Work Together to Clean the World. environmental /?n?va?r?n'mentl/ adj. 环境的
pollution /p?'lu??n/ n. 污染
**honk /h??k/ v. 鸣响
pour /p??(r)/ v. 倾倒
v1.0 可编辑可修改
*firework /'fa??w??k/ n. 烟火
remove /r?'mu?v/ v. 去除
soil /s??l/ n. 土壤
persuade /p?'swe?d/ v. 说服
thick /θ?k/ adj. 密布的
roll /r??l/ v. 滚动，开动
alone /?'l??n/ adj. 独自的,adv. 单独地，独自地
natural /'n?t?r?l / adj. 自然的
human /'hju?m?n/ n. 人
sandstorm /'s?ndst??m/ n. 沙尘暴
drought /dra?t/ n. 旱灾
**tornado /t??'ne?d??/ n. 龙卷风
*earthquake /'??θkwe?k/ n. 地震
flood /fl?d/ n. 洪水,v. 淹没
*typhoon /ta?'fu?n/ n. 台风
sudden /'s?dn/ adj. 突然的
surface /'s??f?s/ n. 表面
cover /'k?v?(r)/ v. 覆盖
wind /w?nd/ n. 风
predict /pr?'d?kt/ v. 预言
per /p??(r)/ prep. 每一
crop /kr?p/ n. 庄稼
Vocabulary 词汇表
dust /d?st/ n. 尘土，粉尘
breathe /bri?e/ v. 呼吸
hide /ha?d/ v. 躲藏
bookcase /'b?kke?s/ n. 书架
forest /'f?r?st/ n. 森林
coverage /'k?v?r?d?/ n. 覆盖
square /skwe?(r)/ adj. 平方的,n. 广场
data /'de?t?/ n. 数据
*satellite /'s?t?la?t/ n. 卫星
leaf /li?f/ n. 叶子
account /?'ka?nt/ v. 认为
program /'pr??ɡr?m/ n. 计划
quarter /'kw??t?(r)/ n. 四分之一
measure /'me??(r)/ n. 措施，计量单位
harvest /'hɑ?v?st/ v. 收割
feed /fi?d/ v. 给……食物
effort /'ef?t/ n. 努力
*recognition /?rek?ɡ'n??n/ n. 承认
kilogram /'k?l?gr?m/ n. 千克，公斤
**disposable /d?'sp??z?bl/ adj. （物品）一次性的
sort /s??t/ v. 把……分类
plastic /'pl?st?k/ adj. 塑料的
throwaway /'θr???we?/ adj. 用后即扔的
object /'?bd??kt / n. 物体
produce /pr?'dju?s/ v. 制造
appetite /'?p?ta?t/ n. 欲望
**contribute /k?n'tr?bju?t/ v. 是……的原因之一，捐献recycle /ri?'sa?kl/ v. 回收利用
takeaway /'te?k?we?/ n. 外卖食品
**leaflet /'li?fl?t/ n. 传单
material /m?'t??r??l/ n. 材料
instead /?n'sted/ adv. 作为替代
Unit6 Safety Is Important for Everyone.
lift /l?ft/ n. 电梯
escape /?'ske?p/ v. 逃脱，逃跑
burn /b??n/ v. 燃烧
valuables /'v?lju?blz/ n. 贵重物品
**drown /dra?n/ v. （使）淹死
*brake /bre?k/ n. 刹车
concentrate /'k?nsntre?t/ v. 集中（注意力）huge /hju?d?/ adj. 巨大的
draw /dr??/ v. 移动，提取
*towel /'ta??l/ n. 毛巾
stair /ste?(r)/ n. 梯级
downstairs /?da?n?ste?z/ adv. 在楼下
*caution /'k???n/ n. 警告
*electric /?'lektr?k/ adj. 电的
shock /??k/ n. 休克
glove /ɡl?v/ n. 手套
**helmet /'helm?t/ n. 安全帽
finger /'f??ɡ?(r)/ n. 手指
mask /mɑ?sk/ n. 面罩
button /'b?tn/ n. 按钮
boot /bu?t/ n. 靴子
tie /ta?/ v. 系，束
**procedure /pr?'si?d??(r)/ n. 程序
steal /sti?l/ v. 偷，窃取
wallet /'w?l?t/ n. 钱包
*rob /r?b/ v. 抢劫
secret /'si?kr?t/ adj. 秘密的
n. 秘密，诀窍
*leak /li?k/ v. 泄露
stranger /'stre?nd??(r)/ n. 陌生人
**spy /spa?/ n. 间谍
citizen /'s?t?zn/ n. 公民
exist /?ɡ'z?st/ v. 存在
truth /tru?θ/ n. 事实，真相
**illegal /?'li?ɡl/ adj. 非法的
*permission /p?'m??n/ n. 允许
Vocabulary 词汇表
**military /'m?l?tri/ adj. 军事的
watchful /'w?t?fl/ adj. 警惕的
*interviewee /??nt?vju?'i?/ n. 被访问者，被面试者hotline /'h?tla?n/ n. 热线
suspected /s?s'pekt?d/ adj. 可疑的，嫌疑的
endanger /?n'de?nd??(r)/ v. 危害
scene /si?n/ n. 场面，镜头
warrior /'w?r??(r)/ n. 战士
drug /dr?ɡ/ n. 毒品
*tiny /'ta?ni/ adj. 微小的
worth /w??θ/ adj. 值得的
wheelchair /'wi?lt?e?(r)/ n. 轮椅
will /w?l/ n. 意志，毅力
*universe /'ju?n?v??s/ n. 宇宙
condition /k?n'd??n/ n. 条件
**argument /'ɑ?ɡjum?nt/ n. 争吵
*discourage /d?s'k?r?d?/ v. 使泄气，灰心overcome / ???v??k?m/ v. 战胜，克服endless /'endl?s/ adj. 无休止的
bravely /'bre?vli/ adv. 勇敢地
questionnaire /?kwest??'ne?(r)/ n. 问卷Unit 7 Work Together to Win Together.
co-worker /?k?u'w?:k?/ n. 同事
**modest /'m?d?st/ adj. 谦虚的
encouraging /?n'k?r?d???/ adj. 令人鼓舞的**gossip /'ɡ?s?p/ v. 说长道短,n. 流言蜚语bossy /'b?si/ adj. 爱发号施令的
key /ki?/ adj. 关键的,n. 关键
point /p??nt/ n. 要点
strict /str?kt/ adj. 严厉的
light /la?t/ adj. 轻的
weak /wi?k/ adj. 不牢固的
*unite /ju'na?t/ v. 使联合
**monk /m??k/ n. 僧侣
*cooperate /k??'?p?re?t/ v. 合作，配合simple /'s?mpl/ adj. 简单的
*temple /'templ/ n. 庙宇，寺院
carry /'k?ri/ v. 搬，抬
*thirsty /'θ??sti/ adj. 口渴的
poor /p??(r)/ adj. 差的
fairly /'fe?li/ adv. 相当
*satisfied/'s?t?sfa?d/ adj. 满意的
German /'d???m?n/ n. 德国人
teamwork /'ti?mw??k/ n. 协同工作
sharp /?ɑ?p/ adv. 准时地
impatient /?m'pe??nt/ adj. 急躁的，不耐烦的creative /kri'e?t?v/ adj. 有创造力的，创造性的
lazy /'le?zi/ adj. 懒惰的
*cooperative /k??'?p?r?t?v/ adj. 合作的，配合的**forum /'f??r?m/ n. 论坛
Vocabulary 词汇表
**defeat /d?'fi?t/ v. 击败
*corporation /?k??p?'re??n/ n. 大公司
collective /k?'lekt?v/ adj. 集体的，共同的
*wisdom /'w?zd?m/ n. 智慧
encourage /?n'k?r?d?/ v. 鼓励
**conference /'k?nf?r?ns/ n. 会议，研讨会
**request /r?'kwest/ n. 要求
Unit 8 Science and Technology Have Changed Our Life! accept /?k?sept/ v. 接受
*curious /'kj??r??s/ adj. 好奇的
*robot /'r??b?t/ n. 机器人
taker /?te?k?(r)/ n. 接受者
congratulate /k?n'ɡr?t?ule?t/ v. 向……祝贺
**identify /a?'dent?fa?/ v. 辨认，认出
block /bl?k/ n. 大块，障碍物
**source /s??s/ n. 来源，源头
certain /'s??tn/ adj. 确定的
range /re?nd?/ n. 范围，幅度
limited /'l?m?t?d/ adj. 有限的，受限的
test /test/ v. 检测，测验
**innovation /??n??ve??n/ n. 创新，革新
*enable /?'ne?bl/ v. 使能够
eve /i?v/ n. 前夕
aircraft /'e?krɑ?ft/ n. 飞行器
**probe /pr??b/ n. 探测，调查
completion /k?m?pli??n/ n. 完成，结束
length /le?θ/ n. 长度
honor /'?n?(r)/ v. 给……以荣誉，尊敬
**capacity /k?'p?s?ti/ n. 容纳的能力
kilometer /?k?l??mi?t?/ n. 千米，公里
standard /'st?nd?d/ n. 水平，标准
**chief /t?i?f/ adj. 首要的，主要的
physics /?f?z?ks/ n. 物理学
chemistry /?kem?stri/ n. 化学
motherland /?m?e?l?nd/ n. 祖国
**launch /l?:nt?/ v. 发射，创办
aerospace /?e?r??spe?s/ n. 航空航天工业
Vocabulary 词汇表
**artificial /?ɑ:t??f??l/ adj. 人为的，人造的
**intelligence /?n?tel?d??ns/ n. 智力
*fridge /fr?d?/ n. 冰箱
chip /t??p/ n. 芯片
contain /k?n?te?n/ v. 含有，容纳
article /?ɑ:t?kl/ n. 物件
grocery /?gr??s?ri/ n. （杂货店或超级市场出售的）食品
appear /??p??(r)/ v. 出现
bottom /?b?t?m/ n. 底部，底层
automatically /??:t??m?t?kli / adv. 自动地assistant /??s?st?nt/ n. 助手，助理
speaker /?spi?k?(r)/ n. 扬声器，发言者
inform /?n?f??m/ v. 通知
*register /?red??st?(r)/ v. 注册，登记
**registration /red???stre??n/ n. 注册，登记
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
中等职业学校英语课程标准
—、课程性质与任务 (1) （一）课程性质 (1) （二）课程任务 (1) 二、学科核心素养与课程目标 (1) （一）学科核心素养 (1) （二）课程目标 (2) 三、课程结构 (3) （一）课程模块 (3) （二）学时安排 (4) 四\课程内容 (5) （一）基础模块 (5) （二）职业模块 (15) （三）拓展模块 (17) 五、学业质量 (18) （一）学业质量内涵 (18) （二）学业质量水平 (18) 六、课程实施 (20) （一）教学要求 (20) （二）学业水平评价 (21) （三）教材编写要求 (23) （四）课程资源开发与利用 (24)
（五）对地方与学校实施本课程的要求 25 附录 附录1 语音项目表 (27) 附录2语法项目表 (28) 附录3 交际功能表 (31) 附录4 学业质量水平描述 (32) 附录5 词汇表 (34)
一、课程性质与任务 （一）课程性质 英语是当今世界使用最为广泛的通用语言，是国际交流与合作的重要工具，是思想与文化的载体，对人的全面发展有积极的促进作用。中等职业学校英语课程是各专业学生必修的公共基础课程，兼有工具性与人文性。 （二）课程任务 中等职业学校英语课程的任务是在义务教育基础上，帮助学生进一步学习语言基础知识，提高听、说、读、写等语言技能，发展中等职业学校英语学科核心素养；引导学生在真实情境中开展语言实践活动，认识文化的多样性，形成开放包容的态度，发展健康的审美情趣；理解思维差异，增强国际理解，坚定文化自信；帮助学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，自觉践行社会主义核心价值观，成为德智体美劳全面发展的高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。 二、学科核心素养与课程目标 （一）学科核心素养 学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现，是学生通过学科学习与实践而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。英语学科核心素养由职场语言沟通、思维差异感知、跨文化理解和自主学习四个方面构成，它们既相对独立，又相互交融，构成有机的整体。 1.职场语言洶通 职场语言沟通是指学生通过英语语言知识的学习与实践，掌握语言特点及其运用
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
中等职业学校英语教学大纲 本表共收词2 200个左右（含九年义务教育阶段的词汇及常见的职业类词汇）。其中无标记单词约1 700个，标*号的单 词约500个。达到基础模块的“基 本要求”，应学习本表中无标记的 约1 700个单词。达到基础模块 的“较高要求”，应继续学习约200 个标*号的单词。达到拓展模块 的教学要求，应再学习约300个 标*号的单词。 A a（an）art.一，一个ability n.能力，才能 able a.能够。能干的 *aboard prep. & ad.在车船飞机上about ad. & prep.关于，附近大约above prep. & a.在上面abroad ad. 在外，国外 *absent a.缺席的 accept v.承认接受 *access n. & v. accident n.事故，偶然的事account n.算账，原因，叙述accountant n. ache v. & n.痛 across prep. & ad.穿过，在..那边act n. & v.行动，扮演（角色）action n.行动 active a.积极活跃主动的activity n.活动活泼能动性actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actually ad.实际上，居然，竟ad（=advertisement）n. add v.增加，增添，又说addition n. address n.地址 *adjust v. *administration n. *admire v.钦佩，羡慕，赞美adult n. *advanced a先进的，高级的advice n.劝告，指点，意见advise v.劝告，建议 *afford v.负担得起，提供 afraid a.怕，害怕的 Africa n.非洲 African n. & a.非洲的，非洲人 after prep. & conj.在..之后 afternoon n.下午 again ad.再次，又 against prep.反对，靠 age n.年龄，时代 agency n. agent n. ago ad.以前 agreement n.同意，协议 ahead ad.在前，向前，提前 aid n. & v.帮助，辅助 aim v.瞄准，针对，n.目的 air n.空气，飞机 airline n. airport n.航空站 *aisle n. album n. *alcohol n. *alert a. alike a. & ad. alive a.活着的 all a.，ad.& pron.全部的，完全 allow v.允许 almost ad.几乎，差不多 alone a.单独的 along ad. & prep.沿着，向前 aloud ad. already ad.已经 also a d.也，同样 although conj.虽然 always ad.总是，老是，一直 am/a. m.，AM/A. M. n. *amazing a.令人惊异的 America n.美洲，美国 American a.美洲的n. 美洲人，美 国人 among prep.在..之中，在..之间（三 者以上） *ancient a.古老的，古代的 and conj.和与及而 angry a.愤怒的，发怒的 animal n.动物，畜生 another a. & pron.另一个，又一个 answer v.回答n. 答案 any pron.无论什么无论哪个a.任 何的 anybody（=anyone）pron.任何人 *anyhow ad.不管怎样 *anymore ad. anything pron.无论什么任何事 anyway ad.不管怎样 *anywhere ad.无论哪里 apartment n. *apologize v.道歉 appear v.显露，出现，好像 *appetite n. *application n. apply v. appointment n. April n.四月 area n.地区，面积，地面
[0057]《英语词汇学》 第一次作业 [论述题] Exercise 1 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. aliens 2. denizens 3. homophones 4. metonymy 5. dialect 6. backformation 7. acronym 8. semantic loan 9. bilingual dictionary 10. polysemy 参考答案： Exercise 1 Definitions 1. aliens Aliens are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin. For examples, "coup d'état”, "résumé”, "régime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings. 2. denizens Denizens are easily associated with already existing native words. They are successfully assimilated. They are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, form (spelling) and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. uncertain (the English prefix un- + certain, French by origin). 3. homophones Homophones are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. sun, son; piece and peace; etc. 4. metonymy Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 5. dialect Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 6. back formation
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
中等职业学校英语教学大 纲五词汇表 Prepared on 21 November 2021
中等职业学校英语教学大纲 附件五词汇表 本表共收词2200个左右（含九年义务教育阶段的词汇及常见的职业类词汇）。其中无标记单词约1700个，标*号的单词约500个。 达到基础模块的“基本要求”，应学习本表中无标记的约1700个单词。 达到基础模块的“较高要求”，应继续学习约200个标*号的单词。 达到拓展模块的教学要求，应再学习约300个标*号的单词。 A a（an）art. ability n. able a. *aboard prep.&ad. about ad.&prep. above prep.&a. abroad ad. *absent a. accept v. *access n.&v. accident n. account n. accountant n. ache v.&n. across prep.&ad. act n.&v. action n. active a. activity n. actor n. actress n. actually ad. ad（=advertisement）n. add v. addition n. address n. *adjust v. *administration n. *admire v. adult n.*advanced a. advice n. advise v. *afford v. afraid a. Africa n. African n.&a. after prep.&conj. afternoon n. again ad. against prep. age n. agency n. agent n. ago ad. Agreement n. ahead ad. aid n.&v. aim n.&v. air n. airline n. airport n. *aisle n. album n. *alcohol n. *alert a. alike a.&ad. alive a. all a.，ad.&pron. allow v.
1、American women were________the right to vote until1920after many years of hard struggle. 1.A.ignored 2.B.neglected 3.C.denied 4.D.refused 2、The antonym of soft is in“a________voice”and in“a________cushion”. 1.A.rough,hard 2.B.rough,rough 3.C.hard,rough 4.D.hard,hard 3、The figure of speech employed in“My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________. 1.A.hyperbole 2.B.euphemism 3.C.litotes 4.D.metonymy 4、Mrs.Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see_________on New Year Resolutions. 1.A.face to face 2.B.eye to eye 3.C.back to back
4.D.heart to heart 5、Among the synonymous group,old man,daddy,dad,father and male parent,_______ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court. 1.A.dad 2.B.old man 3.C.father 4.D.male parent 6、Our teacher is now not with us.Aha!When the________is away,the________ will play. 1.A.tiger,monkeys 2.B.cat,mice 3.C.hawk,birds 4.D.old,young 7、I could give an opinion________,but I would rather think about it. 1.A.off the sleeve 2.B.off the cuffs 3.C.off the cuff 4.D.off the sleeves 8、Choked traffic has been a(n)________to urban transportation system. 1.A.archenemy 2.B.primary enemy
中等职业学校英语教学大纲（三） 浏阳市三联工业学校英语教研组张鹏飞(Hanson) 编辑 附件五词汇表 本表共收词2 200个左右（含九年义务教育阶段的词汇及常见的职业类词汇）。其中无标记单词约1 700个，标*号的单词约500个。 达到基础模块的“基本要求”，应学习本表中无标记的约1 700个单词。 达到基础模块的“较高要求”，应继续学习约200个标*号的单词。 达到拓展模块的教学要求，应再学习约300个标*号的单词。 A ability n. *access n. & v. accident n. account n. accountant n. ache v. & n. act n. & v. action n. activity n. actor n. actress n. ad（=advertisement）n. addition n. address n. *administration n. adult n. advice n. Africa n. African n. & a. afternoon n. age n. agency n. agent n. Agreement n. aid n. & v. aim n. & v. air n. airline n. airport n.*aisle n. album n. *alcohol n. am/a. m.，AM/A. M. n. America n. American n. & a. animal n. answer n. & v. apartment n. *appetite n. *application n. appointment n. April n. area n. arm n. army n. art n. artist n. *ashtray n. Asia n. Asian n. & a. ask v. assistant n. ATM n. audience n. August n. aunt n. Australia n. & a. Australian n. *automobile n. autumn n. *avenue n. B baby n. backache n. background n. *bacon n. badminton n. bag n. *baggage n. bakery n. balance n. ball n. balloon n. *band n. bank n. bar n. bark v. & n. *baseball n. basin n. basket n. basketball n. bathroom n. *bathtub n. battery n. *bay n. *beach n. bean n. beautiful a.
试题二 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example A. lewd → ignoran t B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated