2018考博英语阅读训练【三篇】

考博英语模拟题2018年(22)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a men"s castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the "castle" had not **pletely conquered. Thefirst girls to work in "The House" were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simplyjunior clerks and telephone operators.Women have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been taken in "The House" to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been "No". There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although in a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained after this news had been given, "The new floor is going to be different from the old one. All the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in." This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the fight direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The London Stock Exchange is famous ______.A for its favorable locationB for its policy of opening its doors to womenC because it has been a place for men onlyD because women are now beginning to enter its doors to work分值: 6.25答案:C[解析] 本题的依据是文章的第1句话：has been famous as a place for men only。

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。

【导语】作⽂是英语考试的重中之重，想要写出好的作⽂，可以多背多记⼀些模板。

以下是®⽆忧考⽹为⼤家整理的《2018考博英语作⽂万能模板【五篇】》希望对⼤家的写作有启发和帮助。

【第⼀篇：社会热点类】社会热点类模板1 The two pictures illustrate vividly ……. In the left picture ……,while in the right ……. From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of ……. Aside from ……,another telling example is ……,which was so successful in that ……. The pictures also make it obvious that we should ……. Admittedly,it is natural that ……. Nevertheless,it is the responsibility of our government and society to ……. In my opinion,what’s the more important is to ……. In short,……. 社会热点类模板2 It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem; ……. In this drawing,Even …….. It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of ……. Though the drawing is a little exaggerating,it is not rare for us to find in ……. If we let this situation of continues,it not only harms ……,but also prevents ……. Accordingly,we urgently call for ……. Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations,it still failz to ……. In my opinion,this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.【第⼆篇：情感类】情感类模板1： As is shown in the picture above,…… . Obviously from we can surmise that …… . It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of …… . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,…… . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about …….Not to mention those moving cases of …… . All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a …… . By ……, people not only harvest ……, but also gain that can never be purchased via money. 情感类模板2： Just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society， more and more people begin to …… . It is rather good news to …… . The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,…… . Moreover, there are …… .In addition， we should not forget ……. ……is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals' sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that…… . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of…… .【第三篇：正⾯话题类】As is shown above, in the middle of the cartoon stands + 主题词，which symbolizes + 主题词的另⼀种表达，+ 同位语即主题词第三种表达 + 表⽰主题词动作的⾮谓语动词 (例如：in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot，which symbolizes culture，the one containing many Chinese culture symbol. The drawer's intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. It is therefore safe to draw the conclusion that + 主题词 + is momentous and fundamental to the mind what food is vital and significant to the body.) Not only I, but also the best philosophers and poets also praise that this concept should be a permanent universal values. Obviously, I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Initially, the millennia-long run of + 主题词 + left us with a lot of traditions that are extremely profoundly rooted. 加拓展句：主题词 is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark around us becomes.(⽐如：爱⼼/⾃信/亲情/团结/坚持/诚信/友谊/乐观的态度/是⼀种情感的⼒量，⽆论我们周围有多么的⿊暗，它都能⽀持我们。

2018考博英语完形填空模拟练习【1-3】十年寒窗，开出芬芳;十年磨剑，努力未变;十年坚守，成功守候。

十年的风雨兼程奋力追逐，让梦想现实的时刻。

祝努力备考，金榜题名，考入理想院校。

以下是无忧考网为大家整理的《2018考博英语完形填空模拟练习【1-3】》供您查阅。

【第一篇】Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers andthis arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 offinger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents tochildren, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .The ridge 6 on a person’finger doesn’t change 7growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears thereproduction of the 11 pattern. It is onlywhen the inner skin is injured thatthe arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their ownfinger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. Theycan be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfullywithin a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-printhave often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may denythe charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his20 has been changed by age or accident.1. A. uselessnessB. quantityC. magnitudeD. uniqueness2. A. naturally B. exactlyC. especiallyD. particularly3. A. passed onB. passed awayC. passed outD. passed off4. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as5. A. reasonB. causeC. groundD. case6. A. constructionB. structureC. locationD. position7. A. withB. because ofC. untilD. under8. A. graveB. severeC. substantialD. superficial9. A. outsideB. outwardC. innerD. outer10. A. in timeB. on timeC. at timesD. behind time11. A. originalB. differentC. definiteD. customary12. A. restoredB. hurtC. destroyedD. restricted13. A. diminishB. disposeC. undermineD. remove14. A. andB. butC. whenD. if15. A. makeB. takeC. doD. adapt16. A. realizationB. detectionC. identificationD. investigation17. A. In spite ofB. Irrespective ofC. Because ofD. In case of18. A. suspectedB. doubtedC. distrustedD. doubtful19. A. out of caseB. in vainC. at randomD. in question20. A. lookB. expressionC. appearanceD. sight1. 【答案】D. uniqueness【解析】本题测试词义搭配。

真题演练(三)[2015·江苏]AVisitor Code•Arrive with nothing that can harm New ZealandIf you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs.•Protect plants and animalsNever allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.•Get rid of rubbishAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible.•Be considerate with other wasteIf using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.•Keep New Zealand’s water cleanBecause soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers.•Take care with fireAlways observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.•Camp or picnic carefullyWhen camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.•Keep to the trackKeep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.•Be considerateWhen driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.56．According to the Code，visitors should act .A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation答案 A解析推理判断题。

【导语】想要考研阅读题多拿分，就需要多做练习。

以下是为⼤家整理的《2018年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案【⼋篇】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.” It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.” At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise. But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment，patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy isa very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.” 1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________. [A] show the promise of gene-therapy [B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases [C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team [D] explain how gene-based treatment works 2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________. [A] greatly speeded the development of medicine [B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy [C] promised a cure to every disease [D] made him a national hero 3. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly. [B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises. [C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses. [D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores. 4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________. [A] affect [B] warn [C] trouble [D] stain 5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________. [A] optimistic [B] pessimistic [C] troubled [D] uncertain 答案：A B C D A【第⼆篇】According to psychologists(⼼理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call　the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. it can be created by a person's thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear,despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination. 56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something___________. A)one thinks bad or good B)one feels in danger C)one faces in the outside world D)one tries to escape from real life 57. Which of the following is NOT true? A)Children learn emotions as they grow up. B)Babies are born with emotions. C)Emotions fall into two types in general. D)People can cope with the negative emotions in life. 58. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to___________. A) explain why people have emotions B) show how people avoid the negative emotions C) explain what people should do before emotions D) define and classify people's emotions 59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if___________. A) he can not think properly B) he can't pay attention to it C) he can't pay attention to it D) he is not full of energy 60. As used in the last sentence, the word drains means___________. A) stops B) ties C) weakens D) flows gradually 答案1.A2.B3.D4.B5.C【第三篇】。

2018考博英语作文范文：白色污染问题现象与措施11. 开头(介绍背景)：先下定义，白色污染(white pollution)是随意2丢弃塑料袋(disposal of plastic bags)，难以降解处理(hard to be decomposed 3in nature)，造成环境破坏：影响市容(destroy the look of city)，同时对4人体有潜在危害(has hazards to human’s health)。

52. 问题产生根源：居民为其方便(for the sake of convenience)，6大量使用，造成不可逆转的污染(cause irreversible damage to environment)。

73. 措施1：政府制定政策(make policies and regulations)，限制污8染企业(place a limitation on the development of factories that pollute; 94. 措施2：政府大力探索新材料(make an effort to seek new10material)，用清洁环保材料代替(use environmental-friendly materials to 11replace old ones) ，既清洁又便利;125. 措施3：政府应做好民众的宣传(make known to people the danger 13of white pollution)，提高民众环保意识(raise the public awareness towards 14environmental protection)，比如多用环保袋去替代产生白色污染的塑料袋15(encourage people to use reusable bags more);165.结尾(号召)：解决白色污染问题不是梦，要考政府和民众的齐心努17力(requires the collaboration of the government and the population)。

考博英语模拟题2018年(11)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that its people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways including preventing monopolies from taking over the economy.Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less **panies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopoly—like structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the **panies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the **panies operated less efficiently after acquisition.Americans hold with Lincoln that "the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities." Clearly merger restriction is one example of legitimate government intervention.1. It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its ______.A. youthB. shared wealthC. trial and errorD. flexibility2. The term "general good" (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to ______.A. efficient practicesB. ethical practicesC. common well-beingD. profitable decisions3. The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a ______.A. replacement of the existing economic orderB. restraint of unprincipled businessmenC. flexible view of governmentD. system of shared profits4. From the text we learn that when mergers occurred, the **panies had ______.A. low profitability ratiosB. management difficultiesC. poor productivityD. achieved success5. The author"s view of mergers is ______.A. criticalB. cautiousC. qualifiedD. favorableText 2Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure—those who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is estimated that two million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people"s lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environment; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.1. A suitable title for the passage is ______.A. Dangerous Sports: What and Why?B. The Boredom of Modem LifeC. Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous?D. The Need for Excitement2. More and more people today ______.A. are trying activities such as bungee jumpingB. are climbing the highest mountainsC. are close to death in sportsD. are looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places3. People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because ______.A. they have a lot of free timeB. they can go to hospital if they are injuredC. their lives lack excitementD. they no longer need to hunt for food4. The writer of the passage has a (n) ______ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positiveB. negativeC. objectiveD. subjectiveText 3When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master"s degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930.A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.A. will not be a shame to the societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the demands as a source of manpower2. Many Ph.Ds are out of job because ______.A. they are wrongly educatedB. they are of **mercial value to the societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easy jobs to more money3. The nation is only interested in people ______.A. with diplomasB. specialized in physics and chemistryC. valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bernard Shaw didn"t finish high school, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before going for a master"s degree.C. The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well educated, you"ll make things difficult for the society.Text 4I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it"s just an invented excuse when you"re late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don"t. These white lies don"t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, they"re easily forgiven.What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words, they create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them, and as you say, that causes problems—since they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told. According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth.I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Don"t make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will—it"s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, you"ll wonder why you ever had the problem at all.1. This passage is a reply to someone who ______.A. keeps a habit of lying for vain reasonsB. works hard to meet others" expectationsC. does not know the truth about himself and is too sure of himselfD. does not know how to make a realistic plan for himself2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. White lies often cause embarrassment in social situations.B. It is important for women to have an adequate sense of self-worth.C. It takes a little time to get rid of your habit.D. Take exercise like running if you are free and keep it up.3. The expression "living up to" in the second paragraph can best be replaced by ______.A. growing up withB. living withC. seekingD. sticking to4. In the last paragraph the writer implies that ______.A. you will solve the problem with patience and a strong willB. you must be hard on yourself to accomplish somethingC. your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promisesD. you must set different targets at different stages of your life。

医学考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increasing prevalence of obesity?A. Increased portion sizesB. Decreased physical activityC. Increased consumption of sugary drinksD. Increased use of antibiotics答案：D2. What is the primary focus of the article?A. The causes of obesityB. The consequences of obesityC. The treatments for obesityD. The prevention of obesity答案：A3. The author suggests that which of the following is a contributing factor to obesity?A. Sedentary lifestylesB. Lack of sleepC. High stress levelsD. All of the above答案：D4. What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage?A. To identify the causes of obesityB. To develop a new treatment for obesityC. To assess the effectiveness of a weight loss programD. To compare the obesity rates in different countries答案：A5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a strategy to combat obesity?A. Encouraging physical activityB. Reducing portion sizesC. Banning the use of antibioticsD. Implementing public health campaigns答案：C二、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）6. The doctor advised her to take a rest for a few days, saying that overwork might _______ her health.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. defect答案：A7. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work was _______ on schedule.A. wentB. goingC. goneD. being gone答案：B8. The new drug is reported to be _______ effective than the old one.A. veryB. farC. quiteD. much答案：D9. _______ the meeting on time was more important than anything else.A. To arriveB. ArrivingC. The arrivalD. Having arrived答案：B10. The patient was told to _______ the medication three times a day after meals.A. take offB. take inC. take upD. take on答案：D三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）11. The research team _______ the data for several weeks before they could draw any conclusions.A. analyzedB. analyzedC. was analyzingD. had been analyzing答案：D12. The study found that _______ the risk of heart disease was significantly reduced by regular exercise.A. inB. onC. atD. by答案：A13. Despite the benefits of a healthy diet, many people still _______ to make changes.A. hesitateB. persistC. insistD. resist答案：D14. The doctor emphasized the importance of _______ a balanced diet.A. maintainingB. maintainingC. to maintainD. maintained答案：A15. The new policy aims to _______ the number of hospital-acquired infections.A. reduceB. minimizeC. decreaseD. all of the above答案：D四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）16. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："The introduction of new medical technologies has revolutionized the way we treat diseases, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs."新医疗技术的引入彻底改变了我们治疗疾病的方式，导致患者结果改善和医疗保健成本降低。

昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

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Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.A.appearB. appearedC. appearingD. appears2.Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.A.seeingB. being seenC. seeD. to see3.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all their homesB. all whose homesC.all of whose homesD. all of their homes4.______, I must do another experiment.A.Be it ever so lateB. It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD. So late it be ever5.I wish ______ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’sa beautiful city.A.I wentB. I had goneC. to goD. to have gone6.Tom ______ better than to ask Dick for help.A.shall knowB. has knownC. shouldn’t knowD. should have known7.There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farmingcommunity.A.straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally8.The ______ view in Britain and other Western countriesassociates aging with decline,dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A.predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable9.The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A.prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment10.They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A.sizeableB. adverseC. beneficialD. consequential11.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them tobe free to follow their own direction in life.A.inflictB. disputeC. ridiculeD. antedate12.The children have a more ______ view, only taking in consideration what will work.昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题第 1 页共 8 页。