三大从句

高考英语三大从句讲解+练习（附答案）【名词性从句】名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

因此，名词性从句成分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。

that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。

主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。

常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…注意：连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。

三大宾语从句的用法及例句宾语从句是指在主句中作宾语的从句。

它有三种类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

本文将分别介绍这三种类型的宾语从句的用法，并举例说明，以帮助读者掌握宾语从句的用法。

一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的成分，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

宾语从句作为动词的宾语，常由连接词that引导，也可以由wh-词引导，如what、who、when、where等。

在使用宾语从句时，需要注意一些关键点：1. 宾语从句的位置宾语从句通常位于及物动词、形容词后面，介词后面，或者某些专门的句式结构中。

例如：He said (that) he would come to the party.I wonder if she has received my letter.She told me where she had been.2. 连词的选择连接宾语从句的连词除了that外，还有wh-疑问词。

在一般情况下，that是最常用的连接词，而wh-词通常用来引导特殊疑问句和感叹句。

例如：I know that he is a good student.She asked where the library is.3. 虚拟形式的使用在名词性从句中，if引导的从句通常表示一种假设或虚拟的情况，因此在虚拟语气的用法上，宾语从句需注意与主句的时态形式和语气搭配。

例如：She would be happy if she were invited.I wish that he were here now.二、形容词性从句形容词性从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由as, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why, that等连词引导。

它为名词或代词提供更多的信息和限定。

在使用形容词性从句时，需要注意以下几点：1. 连词的选择形容词性从句的连接词相对灵活，通常可以根据具体情况选择合适的连接词。

从句从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类:即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。

引导从句的词称作关联句。

一、名词性从句引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:从属连词：that, if, whether;连接代词：who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose;连接副词where, when, why, how。

其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。

但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.I don't know if he will attend the meeting.1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

小编今天跟大家分享的就是这三个从句的主要语法点，赶快看起来吧！宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

英语三大从句在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句、形容词性从句即定语从句、副词性从句即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等;定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系代词有：who, that, which;它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：一关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语;An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人;whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略;Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语;The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学;Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which;whose window=the window of which,意思是：the window of the hotel;二关系代词which的用法which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略;I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说;which可以换成that三关系代词that的用法that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略;： Is she the girl that sells newspapers她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗that可以换成whoWhere is the ice-cream that was in the fridge放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了that可以换成whichIs this the book that you want to buy这是你要买的那本书吗 that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略二、关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语;一关系副词when的用法关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语;In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份;when先行词是months二关系副词where的用法关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语;During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡;where的先行词是town三关系副词why的用法关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语;The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件;why先行词是reason, 当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why省略三、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句一在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句You may take as many books as you want.你想要拿多少书就拿多少;第一个as是副词,修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语二独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句As we know/ As is known to us, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转;As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句;Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分;关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语;四、关系代词who, which与that的区别一关系代词who与that的区别1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who;He who loses hope loses all.失去希望的人就失去一切;先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用whoI met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语;在非限制性定语从句中,用who2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that;The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师;介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词;因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：1 The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.2 The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3 The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.4 The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that;He is a man that is never afraid of failure.他是个从不怕失败的人;that用来泛指人4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that;例如：Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清二关系代词which与that的区别1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词多用that;All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金;She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我;2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no 等时,关系代词一般都用that;This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说;He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人;3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that;Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which4. 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which;Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2008年奥运会;5. 介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that;She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票,其中60％是德国邮票;五、定语从句的位置如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后;有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句;There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫;很明显,她疯了;定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了;定语从句置于句末以示强调名词性从句宾语从句一、引导词1由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后;连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略;如：I told him that he was wrong.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think 等动词变为否定形式;见语法：否定转移如：I don’t think you are right. 我认为你做的不对在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语;We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的2 由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句;Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换;I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导Everything depends on whether we have enough money.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.3由wh-引导的宾语从句;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分;Do you know which film they are talking about which做定语I don’t know where he lives. where 做地点状语二、宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 I believe that they will come soon.特例：有下列常见的问句,作为从句出现,是“不改变语句顺序”的;1. What's the matter2. What's wrong3. What's up4. What's the problem5. What's your trouble三、宾语从句的时态;宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,即：主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定；主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态;如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态;1 She says that she is a student.→ She said that she was a student.2She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. → She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3She says that she has finished her homework alre ady. → She said that she had finished her homework already.1如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态;The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去;Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum注意事项：3由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化;She said: “I have been to England before.” → She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths” → She asked me if I liked maths.4宾语从句与简单句的交换;由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构;I don’t know what I should do next. → I don’t know what to do next.DO SOME EXERCISES:you see AA. what he’s readingB. what is he readingC. what does he readD. he reads what2. Does Jack come from Japan Do you know合并成一个句子Do you know ___that__Jack __come___from Japandid your son say in the letter_He told me that he_D__ the Disney the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit4. He didn’t know___A____A. what’s the matterB. what the matter isC. what was the matterD. what the matter was5. Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know__D__A. who were theyB. who they wereC. who was itD. who it was6. I want to know___D__A. what is his nameB. what’s his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is7. ---Could you tell me __C__she is looking for---Her cousin, Susan.A. thatB. whose C .who D. which8. ---What are you searching the Internet for---I’m trying to find out____.A. What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB. How many persons have died in IraqC. How to protect our environmentD. Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea同位语从句一一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句;它通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容;可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word消息,problem, question, doubt, thought等;eg: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂;有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开; 如：The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了;二引导词1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7. I have no idea when he will be back．小结：① that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略,如句1；② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替, 如句2;③ 连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3, 4；④ 连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句, 如句5,6,7;三 that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句① 意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词;试比较：1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.② that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用,而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分;试比较：1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.③ 可否省略：that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略;在引导定语从句时,若在从句中作宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略;DO SOME EXERCISES:I. 请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整;1. They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over to China soon.2. The fact ___that____ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.3. Word has come __where_____ some American guests will come to our college for a visitnext week.4. He can’t answer the question ___how____ he got the money from his home yesterday.5. Do you have any idea __what___ is actually going on in the classroom6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once. II. 下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正;1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yester day.5. One of the men heldthe opinion when what the book said was right.表语从句表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是连系动词;名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西;how 在表语从句中充当方式状语The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的;what 在表语从句中充当宾语What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本;what 在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分, 不能省略That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的;what在表语从句中充当直接宾语That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因;why 在表语从句中充当原因状语“That is why...”是常用句型, 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语, 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构, 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：1“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义, 只不过从语法结构上讲, “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句, 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样 That is the reason why I cannot agree.2“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语, 这也是个常用句型, 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”;“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业;第一句话说明结果, 第二句话说明原因He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影, 因此他昨天晚上没有去看;第一句话说明原因, 第二句话说明结果考题1The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. 2007上海A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that考题2You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. 2004A. whyB. whereC. whatD. how考题3— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off 1999A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where考题4____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 2003上海春A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because考题5—Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game—Oh, that’s ____. 2003北京春A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句;其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同;故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,充当表语的句子叫表语从句;宾语从句1对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式;②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时;③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether是否当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词;表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面;表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同;也是名词性从句的一种;What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间;The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金;This is what we should do这是我们应当做的;That is why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因;His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有; 从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序;as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句;She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事;It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了;状语从句一状语从句的种类1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7比较状语从句；8.程度状语从句；9.方式状语从句；10.结果状语从句;二状语从句的时态一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”;1时间状语从句1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句;when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;并且when有时表示“就在那时”;While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者相对应;并且while有时还可以表示对比;While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后;As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了;as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句;before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”; 时态：当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后;After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后;主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反;3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句;till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until;并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同;4.由since引导的时间状语从句;since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时;但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时;5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句;这些连词都表示“一……就”;hardlyscarcely, rarely…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意;主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序;6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句;时态的变化：在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时;7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句;8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句;这两个连词表示“只要；和…一样长”;2地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,：句型1：Where＋地点从句,there＋主句;此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there;句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句,＋主句;状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等;状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号;3原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因;because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因;当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since;由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替;但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for;4目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导;5结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导,首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词;such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词;so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配;The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.6让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句;。

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。

分别是：1、定语从句（形容词从句）2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）一、定语从句：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。

（1）, who, whom, that这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。

（2），Which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。

（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。

（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。

3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however三、状语从句状语从句（Adverbial Clause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）.以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。

定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。

另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词.请看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher。

先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。

常见的关系代词有：who，that， which。

它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which whichwhoseof which人、物 that that —(一）关系代词who， whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格，在定语从句中作主语。

例如：An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

初中英语重点语法三大从句总结初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

1宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2定语从句在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose :指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want i n this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g.He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.3状语从句在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。