名词转化为动词
很多表示物件、身体部位或某类人的名词可以用作动词，某些抽象名词也可用作动词。名词和动词在转化时，有时不改变意思，有时意思也相应地变化，在学习的过程中注意记忆总结。
1 名词和动词在转化时，有时不改变意思，有时也相应地变化。
eye n. 眼睛 .（用眼睛看）注释，端详 ship n. 船， v. 用船装
help v. 帮助 n. 帮助 love v. 爱 n.. 爱
picture 能画，照片 v. 用图表示，描述
2 有些名词和动词在转化时会发生元音改变或词尾变化
blood----bleed sell----sale sing---- song advise----advice bathe----- bath believe---- belief
3 Look at the verbs in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?
1）When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.
2）I’m not overweight so I never have to diet
Step 3 Practice
1
Example: Stop mothering me! I’m not a child.
1. This apartment _________ six people and a dog.
2. She ________ the silk gently.
3. It _________ really delicious.
4. Can you ________ me those papers?
2．Complete the following sentences
1. Did you ____（预定）a seat on a plane yesterday?
2. Please ____ （递）me the book.
3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.
4. She ____（护理；照顾）her aged mother every day.
一般将来时(The future simple tense)
1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
Zhou kai, you’ll get ill.
I’ll buy you a toy.
My sister’s going to see you off.
will和be going to都可以用来表达将要发生的事情，区别如下：
(1).单纯谈到将来的事情，没有主观因素，可用will.
It will become warm when spring comes.春天到来，天气将会变暖。
I will be twenty next month.下个月我就20岁了。
(2).表示说话人的推测，用will.
She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了这药，她就会好的。
That will be your house.那是你的家吧。
(3).表示一种倾向，用will.
Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他来到北京，他都要游览长城。
Without water, man will die.没有水人会死。
(4).表示说话时决定马上要做的动作（多半是听了对方的话后所做出的反应），用will.
A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸时，胸部疼痛。
B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.请躺下，我给你检查一下。
(5).表示经过事先考虑或安排后的意思,即“打算做某事”，用going to do.
My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友现在医院，但是他明天就要出院了。
She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她从图书馆借了一些书。她打算好好作番研究。
(6)在口语中，表示将要发生的事情时，多用be going to .
What’s going to happen? 将要发生什么事？
Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上有聚会吗？
(7)表示根据已有的、并被注意到的迹象将要发生的事情
They are going to miss the train.他们要赶不上火车了。（说话者注意到他们出发时已经太晚了）
Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。
(8).be going to可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能。
If he is go ing to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算参加这个竞赛，他最好做好准备。
If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我们计划早出发，5点就可以。
(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒绝等的条件状语从句中。
If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果汤姆不愿意来，我们将输掉这场比赛。
If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他会就这个男孩的。Practice
1．Jim and Li Lei __________（watch）the football match this evening．
2．We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday．（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
—__________ __________ going to play ping-pong on Saturday？
—__________，we __________．
3．我叔叔今晚要来。
My uncle __________ __________ __________．
4．我们要讨论这本书。
We _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ this book．
5．---Do you tell Julia about the result ?
---Oh, no ,I forgot. I ______her now.
A. will be calling
B. will call
C. call
D. am to call
6. Look at the dark clouds in the sky . I think it _____rain.
A will
B shall
C must
D is going to
7. If he ____be head teacher of this class , I will not go to this class .
A is going to
B will
C was to
D should
8.---- Write to me when you get home
---- ____.
A. I am going to
B. I will
C. I should
D. I can
9. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look.
A. is going to
B. will
C. is not going to be
D. will not.
10. My younger brother ____be 15 years old next year.
A. is going to
B. will
C. is to
D. should
11. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions.
A. will never reach
B. have never reached
C. never reach
D. never reached
12 --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. _______ and turn it off.
A. I’ll go
B. I’ve gone
C. I go
D. I’m going
13. If he _____ to college, he _____ a lot more.
A. will go; will learn
B. will go; is going to learn
C. goes; will learn
D. goes; is going to learn
14. --- Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you.
--- Never mind, _____ post it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to
B. I prefer to
C. I’ll
D. I’d rather
15. ---Write to me when you get home.
--- ____________.
A. I must
B. I should
C. I will
D. I can
语法项目
1．不定式作状语
1)不定式作目的状语：
He broke into the house to steal something．
Many drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop taking drugs．
He's saving up to buy a new car．
He uses a computer to send emails．
2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定式为in order not to和so as not to：
Let's hurry so as to go to school in time．
Let's hurry so as not to be late for school．
She studied very hard in order to catch up with others．
She studied very hard in order not to lag behind．
3)不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用for…
结构表示逻辑主语，如：
Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in．
We are now using the series “New Standard English” for s tudents to make great progress．请注意以下结构：It is so kind of you to come and help us．
(这时，you既是to come and help us又是kind的逻辑主语)
再如：It's rude of him to say so．
4)不定式还可以作结果或原因状语：
表结果：What have I done to get all this?
She went abroad never to return．
He was so．late as to miss half of the lecture．
She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．
He is too young to do the job．
表原因：
She was surprised to see us in the street of London．
He laughed to hear the news．
The old lady rejoiced to learn that her son was the champion of the match．2．so…that…和such(a，an)…that…引导的结果状语从句
1)so…that…和such(a，an)…that…都引导结果状语从句，如：
Some of them behave so badly that people call the police．
It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died．
It was such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves speak．
2)so的后面跟形容词或副词：
The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that we didn't want to come back at all．
They played so happily that they forgot the time．
3)such(a，an)后面跟名词：
They were such dangerous drug dealers that people had to ask the police for help．
It is such an interesting story that all of them like it．
4)请注意本模块语法项目1.4中讨论的某些不定式作结果状语的句子：
He was so late as to miss half of the lecture．
She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates．
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people．
He is too young to do the job．
我们可以把它们改变成结果状语从句：
He was so late that he missed half of the lecture．
She is such a good student that she is respected by all her classmates．
The house is so large that it can hold two hundred people．
He is so young that he can't do the job．
a.Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of.
1.Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, _________he stopped.
2.He stopped taking drugs ________meeting the doctor.
3.Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. __________he stopped taking cocaine.
4.Crack cocaine is very addictive, ________users cannot easily stop using it.
5.He was extremely ill _________taking crack cocaine.
6.He became addicted to crack cocaine, _________ he became very ill.
时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间,其类型颇多详见如下归纳。
1．When 引导的时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”，when 的从句可以用延续性动词。
He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。
I was watching TV when he came. 他来的时候我正在看电视。
注意：when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候，突然发生了另一件事。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。
We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.
我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。
I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door.. 我刚入睡就有人敲门
2．While引导的时间状语从句，表示“与……同时，在……期间”。While 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.
当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。
注意：while 还可以表示对比意义，意为“而；却”。例如：
Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.
珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。
3．As 引导的时间状语从句，作“当……的时候，一边……一边”“随着----”解，as 的从句中可使用延续性动词，也可使用非延续性动词。例如：
He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。
As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.
随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。
4．Before 和after 引导的从句：前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前；后者表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：
I didn’t know any English before I star ted school. 我上学之前，一点英语都不懂
I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前，我就做好了晚饭。
It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。
After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后，就锁上了门。
5．Since 和ever since引导的从句：表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。主句表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如果主句表示的是时间，主句可用一边现在时，也可用现在完成时。
现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时（非延续性动词）“自从……以来”
现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时（延续性动词）“自（延续性动词结束以来……”
Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后，已交了许多朋友。
He has been working here ever since he left university.
自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。
She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。
I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。
It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了
语法二过去完成时
过去完成时由助动词had 加过去分词构成，主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，也可以说时“过去时间的过去”。其被动形式为“had + been + p.p” 例如：
By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.
到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。
注意：如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语，句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句子中的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如：
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.
在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿，打算，计划，想法，许诺”等等时，hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如：
I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本计划在你的店里帮一些忙的，但是我妈妈突然病了。
He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then. 上星期他原本很想与我们一起度过这个重要的日子，可是他当时实在太忙了
1、通过讨论下列例题复习时间状语从句
1)—When did he leave the classroom?
—He left _____ you turned back to write on the blackboard.
A. the time
B. the moment
C. until
D. since
2) — Have you known each other for long?
— Not very, ________we started to work in the ABC Motor Company.
A. before
B. since
C. when
D. after
3) I didn’t make great progress in my English study _____ my teacher had give n me some advice on how to
learn the language well.
A. unless
B. before
C. until
D. when
4). That was really a splendid evening. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
5) —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. before
B. when
C. that
D. until
2、通过讨论下列例题归纳出because, as , since, for的用法区别以及now that的用法。
6) ____ You’ve got a chance, you might as we ll make full use of it.
A. Now that
B. After C . Although D. As soon as
7) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. though
B. for
C. but
D. so
8) —Did you return Fred’s call?
—I di dn’t need to ______I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though
B. unless
C. when
D. because
9）________ you know it, I won't repeat it.
A. For
B. Because of
C. Since
D. Till
10) —May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?
—No, you can’t go out_______ your work is being done.”
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. the moment
because, as , since, for归纳：
_________________________________________________________________________ 3、通过用不同的句型翻译该句，复习so/such……that等引导的状语从句。
他是一个如此可爱的男孩，以至于人人都非常喜欢他。
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________.
典例评析：
1.________ everyone else wouldn’t go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.
A. As long as
B. While
C. Where
D. In spite of
2. —Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that _____ they are young
A. while
B. until
C. if
D. before
巩固分层练习：
(一）必做题
1) It’s going to rain, ____ the clouds are gathering.
A. for
B. because
C. since
D. as
2）____ there are only five minutes to go, I’ll talk about the project in short.
A. As if
B. Even if
C. Because of
D. Now that
3）I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as
B. as a result
C. in case
D. so that
4）We were told that we should follow the main road ____ we reached the railway station.
A. whenever
B. until
C. while
D. wherever
5）The doorkeeper gave the alarm _______ he saw the smoke.
A. while
B. the instant
C. suddenly
D. before
（二）选做题
1. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If
B. While
C. Because
D. As
2.I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since
B. while
C. when
D. as
3. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
Ⅰ. Best choice:
1.I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _____ heard of her.
A. even
B. ever
C. just
D. never
2. There’s _________ I want to tell you.
A. something new
B. new something
C. the something new
D. the new something
3. You know _____ about it than Tom does.
A. even little
B. even less
C. more little
D. more less
4. The old gentleman has _____ been to the Great Wall before, has he?
A. always
B. already
C. ever
D. not
5. They have produced ________ they did last year.
A. twice more grain as
B. twice as much grain as
C. twice as many grain as
D. as twice many grain as
6. The teacher wondered why _____ many students had made _____ careless mistakes.
A. so; so
B. so; such
C. such; so
D. such; such
7. I’ve got _____ work to do on a ______ cold day.
A. much too; much too
B. too much; too much
C. too much; much too
D. much too; too much
8. --- Have you been to New Zealand?
--- No, I’d like to, ______ .
A. too
B. though
C. yet
D. either
9. --- Do you often go to the cinema?
--- No, ______ . I’ve been writing a novel this year.
A. often
B. frequently
C. occasionally
D. nearly
10. --- Where did you spend your holiday last year?
--- I stayed ______ and then returned home.
A.for one week in the countryside quietly
B.in the countryside quietly for one week
C.in the countryside for one week quietly
D.quietly for one week in the countryside
11. --- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
--- You can never be _____ careful in the street.
A. much
B. very
C. so
D. too
12. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.
A. now and then
B. by and by
C. step by step
D. more or less
13. --- _______ do you visit your grandparents?
--- Once a month.
A. Hoe long
B. How soon
C. How much
D. How often
14. He ______ gets up very early, but today he is very late. It is quite ______.
A. usually; unusual
B. usual; unusually
C. unusual; usual
D. usually; unusually
15. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ______ a native speaker.
A. as fluent
B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as
D. much fluently than
Ⅱ. Complete the sentences using “loudly”, “loud” or “aloud”:
1.The teacher asked him to read the text _______.
2.Could you speak a little ______?
3.The two boys are arguing ________.
接不定式作宾语的动词【速记口诀】
同意提出学会的打算，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于设法有希望。
未能做到莫假装，选择破釜沉舟当自强。
offer(提出)，learn(学会)，intend，plan(打算)，demand，ask(要求)，promise (答应)，help (帮忙)，prepare (准备)，decide，determine (决定)，refuse (拒绝)，dare(敢于)，manage(设法)，wish，hope want，expect(希望，想要)，fail，pretend (假装)，choose(甘愿)
接动名词作宾语的动词【速记口诀】
建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑
(suggest，advise，stop，resist，enjoy，imagine，finish，escape)
承认借口--推迟实践
(admit，excuse，delay，practice)
认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得避免冒险
(consider，keep，mind，understand，avoid，miss，risk)
(1)动名词作主语时，表示一般的，抽象概念；而动词不定式作主语，表示具体的特定情景下或有待于完成的动作。如：
①To finish such a long novel will take me several days．(“to finish such a long novel”表示具体的、尚未完成的动作)
②Swimming is good for health，but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health．(“to swim in such a polluted river”指特定情景下的动作)
(2)当it为形式主语时，两者常可以互用。如：
①It’s difficult to make the air clean．
②It’s difficult making the air clean．
(3)necessary，important等词后只用不定式。如：
①It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well．
②It is important to keep our classroom clean．
(4)no use，no good，a waste of time后常用动名词。如：
①It is no use crying．
②It is no good cheating in the exams．
③It is a waste of time reading a silly book like this．
Module 3 Music
本模块重点句型(必背句子)
1. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydon moved to London, where he was very successful.
在那里工作了30年后，海顿移居伦敦，在伦敦他非常成功。
Move to a place 搬家至某地
Having worked…为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表示动作发生在主动词之前。如：
Having lived there for years, he got used to the life there.
注意：现在分词的否定是在分词前否定，如：
Not having heard from her parents, she decided to write again.
Verb+ing 称为现在分词的一般式，也可作状语，现在分词的一般式表示的时间概念与主动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。如：
Walking through the streets , he caught sight of a tailor’s shop.相当于When / While he was walking through the street…（动作与主动词同时发生）
Hearing the news , he jumped up with joy.相当于As soon as h e heard the news…（动作与主动词几乎同时发生）
By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 莫
扎特到14岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了许多管弦乐曲，还谱写了许多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。
As well as 不仅，相当于not only , 如：
He is courageous as well as strong.. 相当于He is not only strong but also courageous.
The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime. 相当于Not only the proofreaders but also the editors are working overtime.
By the time “在……之前，到……为止”引导的时间状语从句。从句中如果用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；从句中如果用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时.
By the time he was 14, he had built a lab of his own.
By the time the letter reaches you , I will have left the country.
4. Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him.
海顿在1781年与莫扎特相遇，并对他留下了深刻的印象。
Be impressed with… 对……留下印象。也可以用be impressed by\at… 如：I was deeply impressed by /with/at his speech.
Impress 的其他用法：
1) Impress sth upon/on sb 或者impress sb with sth 使某人铭记某事物。如：
My father impressed on me the importance of work. 或者My father impressed me with the importance of work.
2) impress sth upon/on sth 在某物上面印上某物。如：
He impressed his name on the box.
5. However it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.
然而，是海顿鼓励贝多芬移居维也纳的。
“It was…who…” 是强调句,该句强调了主语,正常的语序为“Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.
强调句的基本句型: It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
(1) It was yesterday that I met Mary at the railway station.
(2) 强调句的一般疑问句型
Is/Was +it +所强调的成分+that/who/whom…?
Was it you that met Mary at the railway station yesterday?
(3) 强调句的特殊疑问句型
疑问词+is/was+it+that /who/whom…?
Whom was it that I met at the railway station yesterday?
When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？
(4) 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.
(5) 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别
例It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
一单项选择
1. It is what you do rather what you say ________ matters.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. this
2. The way_____ the problem sounds reasonable.
A. referred to solve
B. referred to solving
C. referred to to solve
D. referring to to solve
3. Over-heating development might have a bad________ on the national economy.
A. cause
B. influence
C. result
D. factor
4. –Would you like another piece of bean curd?
-_____________. It’s delicious.
A. No way
B. Really?
C. It’s my pleasure
D. Yes, please
5. The hero of the story was an artist in his ________ in Shanghai in__________.
A. thirtieth; mid-1930
B. thirty; the mid-1930’s
C. thirty’s; mid-1930s
D. thirties; the mid-1930s
6. Plastic bags and boxes, ___white pollution, are becoming a danger to people’s everyday life.
A. are known as
B. to be known for
C. known as
D. known for
7. It was after the invention of printing _____ to publish large numbers books and pictures.
A. were people able
B. that people were able
C. when were people able
D. people were able
8. —Since you like the car so much , why not drive it back?
--- Well, I can’t _________ that big a car.
A. offer
B. supply
C. provide
D. afford
9. We hadn’t been out for long, _____ she felt sick.
A. When
B. while
C. after
D. as
10. The mistakes made by the Chinese students are quite different from______ made by the Japanese students in English study.
A that B. which C. What D. those
11. E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. are playing
C. have played
D. play
12. On hearing the news of the accident in the mine, she ____pale.
A.got
B. went
C. changed
D. appeared
13. He’s not got a good ______, but he sings well.
A.throat
B. notice
C. sound
D. voice
14.-Did Linda see the traffic accident?
-No , no sooner ____ than it happened.
A. had she gone
B. she had gone
C. has she gone
D. she has gone
15.—If you like I can do some shopping for you ?
-That’s a very kind ______.
A. offer
B. service
C. point
D. suggestion
16. He ____ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
17. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ___ placed under the Minster’s car.
A. has been
B. had been
C. was being
D. would be
18. When the old man ____ to walk back to his house , the sun _____ itself behind the mountain.
A.started ; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started ; was hiding
D. was starting ;hid
19. Vegetables usually go______ as soon as we are at sea.
A. bad
B. badly
C. well
D. sick
20. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t _____ the time.
A offer B. give C. afford D. Provide
Suggested answers:
houses fingered tastes hand
Key for reference
1. book
2. hand
3. named
4. nurses
1.are going to watch
2. Are you No aren’t
3. is coming tonight
4. are going to talk about
5.B
6.D
7.A
8. B
9. B. 10. B 11. A 12. A13. C 14. C 15C
Suggested Answers：
1.so
2. as a result of
3. As a result
4. so
5. as a result of
6. So
答案：1-5BBCDB 6-10ABDCC
because, as , since, for归纳：
because表示“因为”，用来表示最直接的因果关系或是听话人所不知道的原因，它所表达的语气是这四个词中最为强烈的，它所引导的原因状语从句一般要放在主句之后。
还要注意两种情况也只能用because来回答：1、用why来提问的特殊疑问句的回答，只能用because；2、在强调句中，只能用because。
例：1、He didn’t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
2、It is because it rained last week that they put off the match.
since在语气上仅次于because，更加强调“既然”、“由于”，用来表示大家已然知道的事实。
例：Since we have no money,we can’t buy it.
as在语气上稍弱于since，不如since正式，而且经常用于口语。
例：As he wasn’t ready in time,we went without him.
for是四个词当中表示“因为”、“由于”意思时语气最弱的一个，它实际只是对它前面的主句加以补充说明理由或推断原因，要用分号和前面的主句分开。
例：I asked her to stay to tea,for I had something to tell her.
热身训练
1、Why was he late for school?____he got up tool ate.
A、Because
B、Since
C、As
D、For
2、"Is David at school today？""No,he is at home____he has a bad cold."
A、because
B、since
C、as
D、for
3、It rained last night,___the ground is wet.
A.because
B.since
C.as
D.for
key：1、A2、A3、D
He is so clever that everyone likes him very much.
He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him very much.
He is such clever a boy that everyone likes him very much.
典例评析：
1、解析：B。while在此引导状语从句，在此相当于although，意为“虽然，尽管”句意为：尽管别人不愿到山区去，然而他毫不犹豫地去了
一、必做题1-5ADDBB（二）选做题1-3BBD
Best choices:
答案：1-5BABDB 6-10BCBCB 11-15DADAD 1.aloud 2.loud 3. loudly
单项选择：
答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 CBDAD 11-15ABDAA 16-20 DBAAC
一小测验 Ⅰ.课标单词 1. __________ adj. 热心的，热情的→enthusiasm n. 热心；热情 2. __________ adj. 令人惊异的→ _______ v. 使吃惊→ ________ adj. 感到吃惊的→ amazement n. 惊愕，惊异 3. __________ n. 信息→ inform vt. 通知，告知 4. __________ n. 指示，用法说明→ instruct v. 教导，命令，指示 5. _________ adj. 令人厌烦的→ _______ adj. (对某人/事物)厌倦的，烦闷的→ ______ vt. 使厌烦 6. ___________ adj. 尴尬的，难堪的→ __________ v. 使困窘，使局促不安→ _____________ adj. 令人为难的→ embarrassment n. 窘迫；为难 7. __________ n. 行为，举止→behave v. 举动，举止 8. __________ n. 描述；形容；描写→ describe vt. 描写，记述 9. _______ vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使铭记→ __________ n. 印象，感想→ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 10. __________ n．纠正，改正→correct adj.正确的→ _______ v．改正，纠正，批改 11. __________ v. 鼓励，激励→ __________ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ ___________ adj. 受到鼓舞的，更有信心的→ encouragement n. 鼓励，奖励 12．enjoyment n. 享受，乐趣→ _______ v. 享受，喜欢→ ________ adj. 令人愉快的，有乐趣的 13．fluency n. 流利，流畅→ _______ adj. 流利的，流畅的 14. _____________ adj. 失望的→ ______________ adj. 使人失望的，令人失望的→ disappoint vt. 使失望→ _____________ n. 失望 15. _________ n. 助手，助理→ assist v．帮助 Ⅱ.常用短语 1．____________________________________与……相似 2．____________________________________某人对(做)某事的态度 3．____________________________________离……远，远非 4．____________________________________一点不像，与……完全不同 5．____________________________________玩得很开心 6．____________________________________起初，一开始 7．____________________________________换句话说 8．____________________________________期待；盼望 9．____________________________________对……印象深刻 10．____________________________________在……开始的时候 11．____________________________________在……结束的时候 12．____________________________________被(划)分成…… 13．____________________________________参加
高一英语必修二单词表 Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits 英文音标词性中文 1 diet ['da??t] n. vi. 饮食，日常食物；照医生的规定饮食 2 fat [f?t] n. 脂肪 3 fit [f?t] adj. 健康的；强健的 4 flu [flu:] n. (=influenza) 流行性感冒 5 rare [re?] adj. 稀少的；罕有的 6 toothache ['tu:θe?k] n. 牙痛 7 unhealthy [?n'helθi]adj. 不健康的；有碍健康的 8 wealthy ['welθi]adj. 富裕的；有钱的 9 rarely ['re?li] adv. 稀少地；极少地 10 proverb ['pr?v?:b] n. 谚语 11 anxious ['??k??s] adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的 12 captain ['k?pt?n] n. 队长 13 injure ['?nd??] vt. 伤害 14 injury ['?nd??ri] n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 15 pain [pe?n] n. 疼痛 16 painful ['pe?nfl] adj. 疼痛的 17 normal ['n?:ml] adj. 正常的；一般的 18 lifestyle ['la?f?sta?l] n. 生活方式 19 head [hed] vi. 朝……方向前进 20 eye [a?] vt. 注视；观看 21 overweight [???v?'we?t] adj. （人）太胖的；超重的 22 lung [l??]n. 肺 23 throat [θr??t] n. 喉咙；咽喉；嗓子 24 breathe [bri:e] vi. 呼吸 25 pneumonia [nju:'m??ni?] n. 肺炎 26 prescription [pr?'skr?p??n] n. 处方 27 symptom ['s?mpt?m] n. 症状 28 X-ray ['eks?re?] n. X光 29 awful ['?:fl] adj. 可怕的；吓人的 30 insurance [?n'???r?ns] n. 保险
Book 1 Module 1 1 be similar to 2 sb’s attitude to/towards… 3 far from 4 a computer with a special screen 5 a enthusiastic woman call ed Ms Shen 6 sb’s method of teaching=sb’s teaching method 7 nothing like 8 reading comprehension 9 have fun 10 feel bored=be bored 11 introduce…to… 12 in groups 13 give…instructions on… 14 by oneself=on one’s own 15 improve sb’s spelling and handwriting 16 in a fun way 17 in other word s 18 write a description of=describe 19 look forward to doing 20 be impressed with 21 make (much) progress 22 Would you mind do ing 23 at the start/beginning of… 24 at the end of… 25 receive the high school diploma 26 go to college 27 divide… into… 28 be divided into… 29 take part in all kinds of
外研版高中英语必修三课文 3.1 Great European Cities Paris Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafés and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris. Barcelona Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet! Florence Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. Athens Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill
重点单词 1.fit adj.合适的；健康的;能胜任的;v.适 合，合身；使胜任 I’m quite .我很健康。(回归课本P1) 观察思考 He keeps fit with diet and exercise. 他通过节食和运动来保持健康。 That kind of music fits your mood. 那种类型的音乐适合你的心情。 This coat fits you perfectly but the trousers are too large. 这件外套你穿着很合适，但是裤子太大了。 She is not fit to look after children. 她不适合照看小孩。 归纳拓展 be fit for适合；胜任be fit to do适合干…… It is fit for sb. to do/that...某人做……是合适的 keep/stay fit保持健康 fit one’s deeds/actions to one’s words做到言行一致fit in安排时间见(某人);安排时间做某事；相处融洽;适应 fit on装上；试穿 fit out装备，配备；给……提供必要的东西 易混辨异 match/suit/fit 这三个词都可表示“适合，配得上”，但用法上 仍有差别。 (1)match指两者的“相配；配得上”,指人或物 在品质、颜色、设计等方面相当或相配。 (2)suit常用于指“适合;恰当”,多指符合需要、口味、性格、条件等。尤其用来指衣着的式样、颜色或发式与人相配。 (3)fit多用来指大小、形状、位置等适合及服装合身。活学活用——用fit,suit,match的适当形式填空 (1)These shoes me perfectly. (2)The doors were painted blue to the walls. (3)The climate the old man well. (4)The patient girl is for teaching. (5)No one can him because he is a leading professor in the field of physics. (6)Will Thursday or Wednesday you? 2.anxious adj.焦虑的；渴望的；不安的 Helen is anxious about travelling on her own. 海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。 She was anxious to finish school and get a job. 她渴望毕业找到一份工作。 The mother waited for her son with anxiety. 母亲焦虑地等着儿子。 归纳拓展 anxiously adv.焦急地;担忧地anxiety n.忧虑;渴望 be anxious about担心，忧虑 be anxious for...渴望得到…… be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事 be anxious that...担心……(that从句中用虚拟语气) be in anxiety非常担忧with anxiety焦虑地 too anxious to do sth.非常渴望做某事 eager/anxious (1)eager指以巨大的热情渴望实现或达到目的,含有积 极向上的意义,有时也指由于其他感情而表现得急不可耐。 He is eager to do that interesting job. 他急于做那份有趣的工作。(有积极的干劲和热情) (2)anxious指热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空 而心情不安,感到焦虑,强调“担心”和“焦虑”,对结果感到不安。 I’m anxious to know the final result. 我急切地想知道最后的结果。(心中焦急) 活学活用 (1)—I wonder if she will show up at the concert. —She will.She is only too to watch the famous conductor. A.anxious B.proud C.interested D.satisfied 解析由句意可知，此处指“她很渴望看到 那位著名的指挥家”，故用anxious。B、C 两项不合题意；D项无此搭配。 (2)My mother always gets a little if we don’t arrive when we say we will. A.anxious B.ashamed C.weak D.patient 解析句意为：当我们说将要到而没到时，母 亲总是有点担心。 3.pain n.疼痛;痛苦;辛苦,努力(用复数);vt.使痛苦；vi.感 到疼痛 观察思考 His broken leg gave him a lot of pain. 他的断腿使他非常疼痛。 She suffers greatly from a pain in the back. 她的背痛得很厉害。 No pains,no gains.(谚语)不劳无获。 We are pained to see such wastefulness. 我们看到这种浪费现象很痛心。 归纳拓展 1
外研版高中英语单词表必修一BOOK 1 M1 academic 学术的adj en thusiastic 热心的adj in formatio n 信息n brilliant （口语）极好的adj in struction （常作复数）指示；说明 bored厌倦的；厌烦的adj attitude 态度n previous 以前的；从前的adj amazed吃惊的；惊讶的adj adj tech no logy 技术n correct ion 改正；纟片正n enjoyment 享受；乐趣n misunderstanding 误解n disappointing 令人失望的adj teenager 少年n move搬家vi province 省n amazing令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的adj website 网站；网址n comprehension 理解；领悟n n method 方法n embarrassed尴尬的；难堪的adj behaviour 行为；举止n description 记述；描述n embarrassi ng 令人尴尬的；令人吃惊的 impress 使印象深刻vt encouragement 鼓励；激励n fluency 流利；流畅n disappo in ted 失望的adj assistant 助手；助理n diploma文凭；毕业证书n in other words 换句话说look forward to 期待；盼望
at the start of 在 开始的时候 atthe end of 在 结束的时候 be divided into 被（划）分成 attitude to/towards 对 的态度 energetic 精力充沛的adj nervous 紧张的；焦虑的adj adj patient 耐心的 adj shy 害羞的；羞怯的adj impression 印象 n hate 讨厌；不喜欢vt completely 十分的；完全的adv appreciate 欣赏；感激 vt scientific 科学的 adj loudly 大声的adv joke 玩笑；笑话n respect 尊敬；尊重vt&n headmistress 女校长 n revision 复习 n timetable 时间表 n vacation 假期 n go to college 上大学 take part in 参力卩 M2 amusing 有趣的；可笑的adj intelligent 聪明的 adj orga ni sed 有组织的；有系统的 serious 严肃的 adj strict 严格的；严厉的adj avoid （故意）避开vt in correctly 不正确的 adv immediately 立即；即刻 adv admit 承认 vt literature 文学 n wave 挥（手）；招（手）vt summary 总结；摘要；提要 n headmaster 校长 n period 一段时间n translation 翻译 n
高一英语第十一次课----- 必修三module3 一、考点、热点回顾 （一）key words and phrases 1.experience vt.经历n(可数)经历n(不可数)经验 2.cause vt.引起，导致cause sb. to do sth.导致某人去做某事cause sb. trouble/problems 给某人带来麻烦/问题 cause n.起因，理由，事业-------指造成某事的直接原因，后常接of或to do reason n.原因，理由------指从逻辑推理上得出的原因，后常接for或定语从句。 3.bury vt.埋葬 bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手捂脸4.occur vi.发生-------指发生时，有计划无计划均可。脑海中出现某种想法。 happen vi.发生------指事先无计划偶然发生。碰巧作某事happen to do sth. take place 发生-------指事先安排，计划的事情。举行。 以上三词均无被动形式。 sth. Occurs sb. 某人想起=strike/hit eg: A good idea occurred to me . It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人想起It occurred to me to visit my teacher. It occurs to sb. that…某人想起It occurred to me that I should visit my teacher. 5.take off 去掉，脱掉，起飞，成功，休假，减去，移动 6.strike vt＆n.(雷电，暴风雨等）袭击=hit，击打，碰撞，罢工，想起=occur to,打动 (1)The miners went on strike for higher pay. (2)Does this clock strike twelve? (3)A good idea struck me while I was walking along the river. (4)He hit me ,so I struck him back. (5)A huge forest fire broke out after the lighting struck. (6)I am still struck by the native beauty of the lake. 7.ruin vt.毁坏，破坏，使堕落n.毁灭，崩溃，废墟in ruins 变成一片废墟 8.warn vt.警告，告诫，提醒注意warn sb. of/about sth.提醒某人注意某事 warn sb. not to do sth.= warn sb.against doing sth. 提醒某人不要做某事 give a warning 发出警告without warning 毫无预警 9.in all 总共，总计 above all 最重要的是after all 毕竟at all 确实，根本first of all首all of a sudden突然all in all从各方面考虑all along一直，始终 10.possibility n.可能性，可能发生的事 There is a/no possibility that… 有（不）可能There is a/no possibility of doing sth.有（没有）的可能 possible adj.可能的It is possible (for sb.)to do sth. It is possible that……. 11.set fire to =set….on fire 放火（焚烧）……. on fire着火（状态）catch fire 着火（动作）put out a fire扑灭火 12.put out 扑灭（火），伸出，出版 put off推迟put up张贴，建造put away放好，收好put on 穿上，上演put forward 提出 1．拿起；拾起；搭载；学会；收听2．平均 3．有史以来4．到……时为止 5．结束；告终6．扑灭 7．放火烧…… 8．总共 9．带来损害10．使某人无家可归 pick up on average of all time by the time end up put out set fire to in all do/cause damage make sb. homeless
【推荐】2020年外研版高中英语必修一（全册）精品教案汇总 第一学期高一英语讲义1 Book 1 Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 课时1词汇; 课型A（基础）；课长30分钟 一、词汇互译 1.____________________ 换句话说 2. ____________________ 期待, 盼望 3. ____________________ 在……开始的时候 4. ____________________ 在……结束的时候 5. ____________________ 上大学 6. ____________________ 被（划）分成…… 7. take part in ____________________ 8. ____________________ 理科 9. ____________________ A 与 B 之间的区别 10. be similar to … ____________________ 11. ____________________ 对…的态度 12. teaching method ____________________ 13. ____________________ 写下, 记下 14. nothing like ____________________ 15. have fun ____________________ make fun of … ____________________ 16. 倍数表达法：
A is three times____________________ B. A is three times ____________________B. A is three times ____________________B. 17. ____________________ 不同于… 18. ____________________ 和…一样 二、词汇运用 1.the differences between A and B 你知道英语和美语有什么区别吗？ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.one’s attitude to \ towards sth. (doing sth.) 对于学习英语, 你的态度是怎样的？ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.behave oneself/behave badly 老实点！ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.be friendly to 他对待别人总是很友好。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.introduce A to B\oneself 首先请允许我介绍一下自己。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.in other words 你明天不用来上班了。换句话说, 你被炒了。 ______________________________________________________________________________
外研版高中英语必修三单词表（带音标） 课本单元单词音标中文 必修３1across[?'kr??s]prep.横过；穿过 必修３1boot[bu?t]n.长统靴；皮靴 必修３1continental[?kɑnt??nentl]adj.大陆的；大洲的 必修３1face[fe?s]vt.面向；面对 必修３1range[re?nd?]n.山脉 必修３1landmark[?l?nd?mɑrk]n.标志性建筑 必修３1gallery[?ɡ?l?ri]n.美术馆；画廊 必修３1situated[?s?t?u?e?t?d]adj.坐落/位于(某处)的必修３1symbol[?s?mb(?)l]n.象征；符号 必修３1located[l???ke?t?d]adj.位于 必修３1architect[?ɑ?k?tekt]n.建筑师 必修３1project[?pr?d?ekt]n.计划；项目；工程 必修３1sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻；泥塑 必修３1birthplace[?b??θple?s]n.发源地 必修３1civilisation[?s?v?la??ze???n]n.文明 必修３1ancient[?e?n??nt]adj.古代的 必修３1opposite[??p?z?t]prep.在…对面 必修３1sign[sa?n]vt.签署 必修３1agreement[??ɡri?m?nt]n.协议；契约 必修３1whereabouts[?we?r??ba?ts]adv.在哪里 必修３1govern[?ɡ?v(?)n]vt.统治；治理 必修３1head[hed]n.领袖；领导人 必修３1representative[repr??zent?t?v]n.代表 必修３1parliament[?pɑ?l?m?nt]n.国会；议会 必修３1region[?ri?d??n]n.地区；区域 必修３1geographical[?d?i???ɡr?f?k(?)l]adj.地理的 必修３1feature[fi?t??]n.特点 必修３1produce[pr?'dju?s]n.产品；农产品 必修３2hunger[?h??ɡ?]n.饥饿 必修３2income[??nk?m]n.收入 必修３2poverty[/?p?v?ti ]n.贫穷 必修３2human['hju?m?n]n.(与动物等对比的)人必修３2development[d??vel?pm?nt]n.发展 必修３2index[??ndeks]n.指数 必修３2measure[?me??]vt.测定；测量；评估 必修３2goal[g??l]n.目标 必修３2expectancy[?k?spekt?nsi](根据概率得出的)预期数额必修３2position[p??z??(?)n]n.位置 必修３2educate[?edj?ke?t]vt.教育；培养；训练 必修３2figure[?f?ɡ?]n.数字 必修３2household[?ha?s?h??ld]n.一家人；家庭 必修３2homeless['h??ml?s]adj.无家可归的 必修３2charity['t??r?ti]n.慈善团体 必修３2crowded[?kra?d?d]adj.拥挤的 必修３2freeway[?fri?we?]n.高速公路 必修３2inhabitant[?n?h?b?t?nt]n.居民 必修３2similarity[?s?m??ler?ti]n.类似；相似 必修３2unfortunate[?n?f?rt??n?t]adj.不幸的；遗憾的 必修３2location[l??'ke???n]n.位置；所在地 必修３2tourism[?t??r?z(?)m]n.旅游业 必修３2transport[tr?ns?p??t]n.交通工具 必修３2industrial[?n?d?stri?l]adj.工业的 必修３2polluted[p?'lu?t?d]adj.受到污染的 必修３2smart[smɑ?t]adj.漂亮的;整洁的;时髦的必修３2vast[vɑ?st]adj.巨大的;庞大的;浩瀚的必修３2entertainment[ent??te?nm?nt]n.娱乐 必修３2exchange[?ks?t?e?nd?]n.交换 必修３3disaster[d??zɑ?st?]n.灾难 必修３3flood[fl?d]n.洪水
Module 1 Our body and Healthy Habits Introduction Look at these words and expressions. Which of them are connected with illness? dentist diet fat fit flu (influenza) get/catch a cold health rare toothache unhealthy wealthy Read the proverbs and try to explain them in English. ?You are what you eat. % ?Healthy mind in a healthy body. % ?Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. % ?An apple a day keeps the doctor away. % Vocabulary and Reading 1.Look at these words and answer the questions. anxious; break (as in break an arm); captain; fever; injure; injury; pain; painful; normal; sweets
1. Which word is connected with food? 2. Which words are connected with body? 3. Which word means usual or ordinary? 4. Which word means leader? 5. Which word means worried about something that may happen? Zhou Kai (1) When Zhou Kai's mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously. "Zhou Kai, where are you going?" she asked. "To the park. I'm going to play football," said Zhou Kai. "But it's raining! You'll catch a bad cold," said his mother. "No, I won't. I'll be fine," said Zhou Kai, as he opened the door. "Zhou Kai, you'll get ill. You know you will. You can at least go and get your jacket." "OK, OK." Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.
必修三知识点汇总 Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B on the coast work on have…in common refer to have control over/of have a population of little by little on the other hand in one’s thirties compared with belong to increase to/by in terms of be faced with ever since 重要句型： 1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。。。。之一 2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B ②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别 （1）表示A在B的范围内（即A是B的组成部分之一）时用in.如：our school is in the west of the town.我们学校在城西。 （2）强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.如： Korea is on the east of China.朝鲜与中国东部接壤。 （3） A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。 3. on the coast和off the coast on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如： 语法要求： 一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be的形式，过去分词不变。 现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词 二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则 语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。 (2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。 2. 意义一致原则。 一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的
Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries 单元测试 第一节单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. The team leaders agreed ______ work together to improve their living conditions. A. with B. to C. on D. over 2. — ___________________ ? —Very interesting. A. Have you ever seen the film B. Are you interested in the film C. What’s the film about D. How do you find the film 3. China is a _____ country _____ to the third world. A. developed; belongs B. developing; belonging C. developing; belonged D. developed; belonged 4. — Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I’d like to, ______ I’m too busy. A. and B. so C. but D. as 5. — I want to go to the post office. —_____ you are there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. Until 6. Several new railways are under ______ in China. A. construction B. condition C. surrounding D. discussion 7. In Africa, many people die of ______ every year. A. hungry B. hunger C. cold D. food 8. ______ he is a child, he can speak English. A. Although B. But C. As D. While 9. In my opinion, success should not be ______ only by how much money you have but also by many other things. A. decided B. replaced C. measured D. realized 10. —Why don’t we use our natural resources and scenery(风景) to develop ______? —Yes, that’s a good idea. A. industry B. business C. project D. tourism 11. He went back to his office to ______ that he had shut off the computer. A. make sure B. believe in C. make progress D. care about 12. The fire in that gas station made all the ______ around it frightened. A. characters B. inhabitants C. participants D. committee 13. Many parents send their children to study in foreign countries but he chooses to ______ his at home.