专题四语法填空
第1讲动词的时态、语态及主谓一致
技法突破
技法1：基本定义需记牢
高考语法填空对时态的考查多为基本定义的考查，因此掌握高考考试说明中规定的时态的基本用法对解题非常重要
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and______________ (be) too violent for use at the table.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语
②根据从句中的would及连词and判断→谓语动词表示过去→联想表示过去的时态的基本定义
尝试解答：___were_____
①(2016·北京高考改编)I _____have read_______(read) half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at
the weekend.
②(2016·北京高考改编)Jack _______was working________ (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.
③Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ___had left_____ (leave)my book in the cafe.
④The best information about hotels usually ___comes_____(come)from friends who have been there.
技法2：时间状语要明了
在高考语法填空中，有时会直接给出时间标志，考生可以根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。
(2016·四川高考)Then，after two and a half years，the mother______________(drive)the young panda away. [解题思路]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语
根据时间状语after two and a half years判断→表示过去的情况
尝试解答：___drove_____
[技法解读]牢记各种时态常用标志词
?①看到always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month...)，once a week(day，year，month...)，on Sundays等时间状语，想到一般现在时；
?②看到yesterday，last＋时间(如1ast＋week，month. year，Monday等)，in＋过去的年份，时间＋ago(如
a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago等)，before，the age of，the other day，once upon a time，
时间段＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；
?③看到tomorrow，next day(week，month，year...)，soon，the day after tomorrow，in＋时间段(in two hours，in a few minutes等)，in the future等时间段，要想到用一般将来时；
?④看到now，at this time，at this moment，look，listen，at present，these days，this week等标志词，要想到用现在进行时；
?⑤看到for＋一段时间，since＋时间点，since＋时间段＋ago，ever since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，up to now，in/during/over the past/last＋一段时间，要想到用现在完成时；?⑥看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of＋过去时间点，要想到用过去完成时。
①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ___goes_____(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.
②Once up on a time，there ___was____ (be)a silly emperor who loved clothing more than anything else.
③At the moment，he is ___writing_____(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings.
④In the last few years，China _____has made_______ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
技法3：语境理解少不了
高考对动词的考查更关注通过语境解题，因此学会判断上下文的语境信息很关键。
(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which ____(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
[解题思路]
分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语
根据主句时态strengthened判断→从句谓语表达过去发生的事情
尝试解答：____was____
[技法解读]
句子没有明确的时间状语，考生需借助上下文语境，挖掘出隐含信息，弄清动作发生的时间以及顺序，才能得出答案。
?①(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969，the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It ____was____(be)unimaginable that it could be ever cleaned up.
?②To my delight，I _______was chosen_______(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
?③I went to Ningxia and ___stayed_____(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
技法4：固定句式很重要
固定句式在高考语法填空中占有一席之地，因此记牢它们对解题非常关键。
(2017·天津高考) I ____(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
[解题思路]
分析句子结构→使用固定结构“was/were doing...when...正在．.....就在这时突然．.....”。
根据固定结构判断→主句中时态应用过去进行时
尝试解答：______was driving_______
解析：考查固定句型was/were doing...when...正在．.....就在这时突然．.....。句意：我正驾车开往伦敦，就在这时我突然发现自己走错了路。
[技法解读]牢记几种固定句式
?①看到no sooner...than...或hardly...when...，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；?②看到并列连词when，要想到与was/were doing连用；
?③看到It/This/That is＋序数词＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；
?④看到It/This/That was＋序数词＋that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时；
?⑤看到It/This is＋最高级十名词＋that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；
?⑥看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。
①It's said that this is the first time the painting _______has been shown_____________(show) to the public，which attracts many people.
②It goes without saying that this is the best place I _____have been______(be) to.
③Yesterday，I ________was waiting_________(wait)for bus when the rain started to come down.
④Put your heart into study，and you ______will make________(make)a lot of progress soon.
技法5：逻辑关系要理清
搞清句中主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是做题的根本。如果主语和谓语存在主动关系，用主动语态；如果主语和谓语存在被动关系，用被动语态。
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might______________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语
②判断主语chopsticks与谓语make的逻辑关系→被动关系
尝试解答：___be made_____
[技法解读]
(2)不能用被动语态的动词和短语
?①不及物动词(短语)没有宾语，故不能用于被动语态。take place，come true，come about，break out，appear，happen，disappear，last，arise等。
?②表示主语特征的词，如read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock，break，catch，cut，drive，open等，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。
?③系动词如appear，be，become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem, smell，sound，stay，taste，turn等不能用于被动语态。
①(2016·四川高考)The giant，panda ____is loved____ (love)by people throughout the world.
②(2016·江苏高考改编)More efforts，as reported，_______will be made___________ (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform.
③(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he _________was being
followed_________(follow)．
④Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ____looks____(look)nice.
⑤Because of the heavy snow，a serious accident ___happened________(happen) to the family.
技法6：主谓一致原则
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow______________(be) often acceptable.
[解题思路]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少谓语
②动名词短语作主语→可判断谓语动词用单数
尝试解答：_is_______
[技法解读]
(1)语法一致原则
?主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。?①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。?②主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，rather than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
?③“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?④定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。?⑤不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。?⑥在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。
(2)意义一致原则
?即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
?①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。?②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
?③集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government等)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)就近一致原则
?①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
?②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
①(2017·温州一模)It was the boy，rather than his teacher，that ____was____(be) to blame for what he had done.
②(2017·双鸭山一模)The number of traffic accidents that happen in developing countries _____is___(be) increasing.
③To a disabled person，even 50 meters ____is____(be)a long distance to cover.
④It is reported that there ___are_____(be) going to be heavy storms in the coming month.
⑤Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____are____ (be) tired of having one examination after another.
⑥At yesterday's party，the number of people invited ___was____ (be) fifty，but a number of them ____were____ (be) absent for different reasons.
⑦(2017·天津高考)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，______is regarded_______(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
时成语态解题技巧四步、一提醒
?第一步，确定句子是否缺谓语
?如果括号中给出的词是动词，首先分析句子成分，看句子是否缺谓语。
?第二步，确定动词的时态
?确定缺少谓语之后，根据具体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态。
?第三步，确定动词的语态
?根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。
?第四步，确定主谓一致
最后根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。提醒：如果括号中给出的词是动词，偶尔会考查词性转换。例如：
E v ery morning w hen w e get up，w e ha v e a _________(choose)of ho w w e w ant to face life that day.
走出误区
易错点1相近时态混用
①(2017·青岛一模)China ________ (spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years.
②(母题变式)China ____________ (spend)a lot of money on such research before Tu Youyou gained the award. [点拨]现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，或对现在有影响，是站在“现在”的时间点上；过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间，即“过去的过去”，是站在“过去”的时间点上。
(2)题①根据over the past years可知spend这个动作是站在“现在”的时间点上，填has spent；题②根据before Tu Youyou gained the award可判断spend这个动作是站在“过去”的时间点上，填had spent。
易错点2语境信息把握不准
①(2017·东城一模)The manager _____ ______ (leave) for London for a business conference this afternoon. Can you get him to the airport?
②(母题变式)The manager ____ ______ (leave) for London for a business conference already. Can you visit him when he comes back?
[点拨]
(1)根据题①中后文Can you get him to the airport？说明经理将要离开，此处be＋现在分词表示将来时，故填is leaving。
(2)根据题②中后文Can you visit him when he comes back？说明经理已经离开。另外，根据标志词already，故填has left。
易错点3把其他成分当成主语
①It is reported that these ways to grow more trees in the desert ________ (be) very effective.
②(母题变式)It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert ________ (be) his life goal.
[点拨]
(1)题①中主语为these ways，因此谓语要用复数形式。
(2)题②中主语为finding ways，动名词作主语，因此谓语要用单数形式。
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句练习
?More subway lines __will be built_______(build)to make travelling easy in Beijing in the coming years.
?Since its start，WeChat___has developed___(develop) into the most popular messaging communication service in China.
?The father as well as his three children____goes____(go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
?My grandpa has been enjoying good health ever since he ____stopped______ (stop) smoking.
?My uncle __ lived______(live) in Taiwan for 20 years. Now he has settled down in the mainland.
? Every December Nobel Prizes____are awarded____(award) to people who have made outstanding contributions to the world.
?He was unhappy when he sold his violin. After all，he ___had______(have) it for a very long time.
?The professor has just finished writing a book and it ___will be published ____ (publish) before long.
Ⅱ.易错练习：注意下列动词的不规则变化
?He opened the door，__took______(take) off his coat and went into the kitchen.
?He_____wrote___(write) a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
?Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example，the information for weather forecasts _____ is sent _____(send) by satellites.
?The dog was very happy，and_____ate___(eat) the meat up at once.
?The pictures displayed on the wall____were chosen _____( choose) from thousands of students.
Ⅲ.语篇练习：用适当的时态语态填空。
Every April，there 1.________(be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It
2.________(call) Tomb Sweeping Day，also known as Qingming Festival.
Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival.It 3.________(begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4.__________________(write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5.____________(describe) the day: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes，and passersby with lowered spirits go.”
Tomb Sweeping Day 6.________( be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008.On this day，families bring flowers，food and wine to their ancestors' tombs.Food like cakes and fruits 7.________(put) in front of the tombs.That's because people think that visiting tombs during Qingming Festival 8.________(be) to show respect to their dead family members.However，Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time，the weather 9.___________(get)warm.So Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China.
It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating Tomb Sweeping Day 10.________________(change)in the future.
?解析：由Every April可知此处表示经常性动作，故用一般现在时，there be句型中主语是a special day。?解析：句意：它被称为清明节。根据句意可知此处用被动语态。
?解析：由时间标志词over 2,000 years ago可知此处用一般过去时。
?解析：by the end of＋过去的时间，该句要用过去完成时。此外，poem和write存在被动关系。
?解析：文学作品中描述的事例，要用一般现在时。
?解析：since＋过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时。
?解析：句意：像蛋糕和水果这样的食物被放在坟墓前面。根据句意应用被动语态，描述一般现象，又因主语为food，故谓语用单数形式。
?解析：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
?解析：此处表示在一个阶段正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时。
⑩解析：由时间标志词in the future可知此处要用一般将来时，ways与change构成被动关系。
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一般现在时态 【展示平台】 1 一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, usually（通常）, always （总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（在上午/下午/晚上）, every day/ week/ month/ year（每天/周/月/年, at noon/night （在中午/夜里）, on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如： Bruce usually walks to school. 布鲁斯通常步行去上学。 We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。 2 表示现在的特征或状态。如： She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。 He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。 3 表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。 When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 4 一般现在时的基本句型 1）肯定句：① 主语+动词原形+其他②主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-s+ 其他如：They live in China. 他们住在中国。 He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。 2）否定句：① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他 ② 主语（第三人称单数）+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他 如：They don’t live in China. 他们不住在中国。 He doesn’t like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。 3）一般疑问句：① Do+主语+动词原形+其他? ② Does+主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他？ 如：Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗？ Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗？ 【相关链接】 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下： 1）一般在动词后直接加s。如：talk –talks, live –lives。 2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry – carries, fly –flies。 4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。 【牵手中考】 1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped
支付宝首页搜索“933314”领红包，每天都能领。付款前记得用红包 动词的时态 1. 动词的时态主要有： 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般过去将来时、一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时等。 2. 一般将来时的表达方式： (1)一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day, soon, in a month, in the future, next Sunday等连用。有时句中无时间状语，时间关系由上下文暗示； (2)will do还表示临时的决定； (3)在if, unless, before, after, until等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主句用一般将来时； (4) “be going to+动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态； (5) “be+V-ing形式”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于以下动词，如：come, go, leave, arrive, return, fly, meet, see, do, have, get等；
(6) “be about to+动词原形”表示打算或安排即将发生的动作。它一般不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用； (7) “be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作； (8) 一般现在时表示按时刻表或根据规定将要发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位移的动词，如：come, go, leave, start, begin, take off, set off等。 动词的语态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态： is/am/are+V-ed。例如：English is widely spoken all over the world. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were+V-ed。例如：The underground was built five years ago. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态： ①will/shall be+V-ed。例如： The decision will be made at the meeting tomorrow. We shall be punished if we break the rule. ②be going to be+V-ed。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
动词的时态 一.一般现在时： 定义: ①表示经常或习惯性动作。 ②表示客观真理,科学事实或名言警句。 结构：①be:am/is/are ②实意动词：原形或者单三(do/does/don't/doesn't) 标志词： ①频率副词：always,sometimes, usually ,often... ②时间状语：on Monday,in the morning,every day,every week... ③表频率的词组： once a week,three times a year... 二.一般过去时 定义: ①表示过去某个时间或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 ②表示过去经常反复发生的动作常与often,always等频度副词连用。结构：
①be:was/were ②实意动词：过去式(did/didn't) 标志词： ...ago,last...,yesterday...,the day before yesterday,in 1990,just now,one morning,that winter,once upon a time,at the age of... 典型例题: 1.The teacher told us the earth __ around the sun. A. go B.goes C. went 2 .I don't know when she ___tomorrow. You ___ me as soon as she arrives. A. arrives / call B. will arrive/ will call C.will arrive/ call 3. Here __ the bus. A. comes B.is coming C. came 4.Lucy __ the room and put away her things. A. enter B entered C.is entering 5. The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she __ ? https://www.doczj.com/doc/e618300997.html,es B.is coming C. came 6. Sorry , I __ the sign“NO PARKING!” here. I'll drive away soon. A.won't see B. don't see C. didn't see 三.现在进行时 定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作存在的状态.
2020年高考英语二轮复习 第一讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式： 1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals. 【答案】(现在完成时）have started 【解析】句意：自从联合国在2014年宣布6月21日为国际瑜伽日以来，中国的许多城市已经开始举办国际瑜伽节。此处since(自从……以来）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，句子主语cities是复数形式，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。 2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes. 【答案】(现在完成时）has marked 【解析】由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，主语a global push是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。 3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 【答案】(过去完成时）had finished 【解析】此处表示这对双胞胎完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球（过去式）之前，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。 4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students. 【答案】(现在完成时）have punished 【解析】考查固定句型中的时态：It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。 5.While _________(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother being ill ,so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _______(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing 【答案】(现在分词）picking;(一般过去时）left 【解析】句意：在摘茶叶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去了北京。第一空所在句省略的主语he和pick之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。第二空，由and 可知此处与put是并列谓语，故填left。
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
三观一统十年高考真题精解 01 动词的时态和语态 十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷Ⅰ具有重要的应试性和导向性。 三观指的观三题（观母题、观平行题、观扇形题），一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰（调整不考或低频考点标灰色）。 （一）2020考纲 （二）本节考向题型研究汇总 考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点1-现在完成时）
（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【答案】have reported 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 1.（2018全国II卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown 【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。 2.（2017全国III卷）Sarah(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。句意：有人告诉萨拉，她可能成为英国的新超级名模，下一年可以赚一百万美元。 1.（2016·上海）(B)In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. 【答案】has been regarded 【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。 2.（2018·浙江）While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. 【答案】have become 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
动词的时态和语态 一、.英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态或被动语态，或语法规定的其他情况。 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分 二、动词的时态 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常
用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时 结构：do/does have/has be(am/is/are) 标志语：often，always，usually，sometimes,never,every day ,in +时间段，等。 （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示主语的身份和特征 a. He goes to school every day. b. He is a student/handsome. (2)表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. (3)少数动词用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情。此类动词有begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等 The train leaves at 8:50. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. （4) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。常考的此类从句有：as soon as，until，if和when引导的从句。 a. If you come this a fternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When he graduates, I’ll go to coun tryside. 2.一般过去时 结构：did 标志语：yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last..., in 1998 (1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. (2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. ※”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “be used to”+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于….. a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used to swimming in winter. （3）在具体的语境中表示“刚刚；刚才”，而暗含“现在不那样了”。 Oh, it’s you, John. I didn’t know you were here. 3.一般将来时 结构：will do、shall do、be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in + 时间段，in 2010等 （1）表示将来的动作或状态 We will travel Beijing tomorrow. （2）几种表达将来的区别 1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划或打算要发生的动作或者按迹象要发生的事情。We are going to have a meeting today. It’s going to rain. “be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? “be about to“+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We were about to leave when it rained. （3）go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
2018 时态、语态和主谓- -致练习测试题 单句填空 1. My dad thinks I should take the offer now; but at the moment, school _______(come)first. 2. Sarah ______(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 3.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research; I _________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 4. Truly elegant chopsticks might____ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 5. The giant panda ______(love) by people throughout the world. 6. Then，after two and a half years，the mother _________(drive) the young panda away. 7. Yangshuo _________(be) really beautiful; a study of travellers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 8. It was raining lightly when I_____ (arrive) in UK just before dawn. 9. This cycle _______(go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures. 10.- -Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? -Not really. She _________(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 11.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________(leave). 12. _________(do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? 一Yes. They are happy with it. 13. They made up their mind that they _______ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 14. Unless some extra money ________(find), the theatre will close. 15. Walmart, which is one of the largest Amer ican supermarket chains, _______(keep) some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. 16. On the top of the buoy ________(place)a bell, which would ring whenever any ship got closer. 17. In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains _______(force) village shops across the country to close. 18. Jack _______(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 19. Every possible means_____ (use) to prevent the air pollution so far, but the sky is still not clear. 20. In the last few years, China _________(make) great achievements in environmental protection. 21. John as well as the other children who have no parents _________(take) good care of in the village now. . 22. The results of the final examination ________(make) known to the students soon. 23. Some office equipment，including two desks and two computers，____ (sell) a few minutes ago. 24. The Smiths _________(have) their breakfast when The Morning Post came. 25. ___________(be) either he or I to attend the meeting tomorrow evening? 答案
动词时态和语态 一、动词的分类和形式： 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种 2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。 4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。 二、动词的时态： 1、一般现在时 一般现在时的构成：当主语是非第三人称单数时：主语+动词原形 当主语是第三人称单数时：主语+动词的第三人称单数形式（动词的词尾要加-S）（规则：一般的动词词尾+S.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es.辅音字母+o结尾的+es.) 。 一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 2）表示客观事实或真理及自然现象，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时态。如：The sun rises in the east. 3）用于here,there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。如：There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. 2、一般过去时的用法： 一般过去时表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态,常和a moment ago,last year,yesterday,at that time,in the past等表示过去的时间副词连用. She was a little girl at that time. 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作.一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情. 句式：主语+过去动词+其他 构成：主语+动词的过去式.动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词. 规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如： worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆. 3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。 在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / mon th, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。 一般将来时的基本用法及构成 一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成 表示将来时间的几种常见方法
专题一动词的时态、语态和主 谓一致 1.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),43]Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 2.[2017天津,6]Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 3.[2015湖南,25]I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),"What do you wish me to do now?" 4.[2015重庆,1]—Is Peter coming? —No, he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 5.[2014新课标全国Ⅰ,61]In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 6.[2014湖南,34]Whenever you (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view. 7.[2013陕西,11]On Monday mornings it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 8.[2014四川,9]She (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 9.[2015北京,26]In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 10.[2014浙江11]Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she (see) most of the guests before. 11.[2015福建,30]—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since. 12.[2015北京,30]—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.