语法复习三、动词（一）、动词的各种形式和动词的分类
一、动词的各种形式
英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
规则动词的五种形式如下表所示(以动词walk，like，stop，play为例)：
原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词
walk walks walked walked walking
like likes liked liked liking
stop stops stopped stopped stopping
play plays played played playing
1．一般现在时第三人称单数的构成
动词的一般现在时第三人称单数的构成如下表所示：
2．规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成
规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成如下表所示：
特别提示：prefer-preferred-preferred, refer-referred-referred。travel的过去式和过去分词英国写法为travelled，travelled，而美国写法为traveled，traveled。在英语中这样的动词还有quarrel 等。
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去掉y加-ies变为第三人称单数形式，加-ied变为过去式和
过去分词的常用动词有：carry携带,copy抄,cry哭,fry油煎,hurry快走,spy侦探,study学习,try 试,tidy整理,worry担忧
规则动词原形现在分词
一般情况下直接加-ing ask，study，stand asking，studying，standing
常用必背：在变为现在分词时须双写最后一个字母的常用动词有：
begin 开始,cut 切割,dig, drop 掉,forget 忘记,get得到,hit 击中,let 让,prefer 更喜欢put 放,run 跑,sit 坐,shop 买东西,stop 停止,swim 游泳, refer参考
二、动词的种类
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即行为动词（也称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
（一）行为动词：行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。例如：
I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住
It has a round face.（它有一张圆脸。）has，有
（二）连系动词：连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。
连系动词可具体分为三类：
1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。
例如：He is a teacher.（他是个教师。）
2、表示“感觉”的词，如look（看起来），feel（觉得，摸起来），smell（闻起来），sound （听起来），taste（尝起来），seem（似乎），appear(似乎，显得)，例如：Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起来很软。）The flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）The mixture tasted horrible.（这药水太难喝了。）
3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn,都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：He feels sick. His face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的脸色变苍白了。）
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.（春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。）He grew old.（他老了。）
[难点解释]：注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。1、look看；看起来2、fell摸；感觉3、smell嗅；闻起来4、sound弄响，发音；听起来5、taste辨味；尝起来6、get得到，获得；变7、grow生长，种植；变8、turn 转动，翻动，使变得；变9.appear似乎，显得，出现。上述句子中的动词既可以作连系动词，又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢？有一个最简便的方法：用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。
（三）助动词;这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：
Do, does, did; am/is/ are/was/were/doing/done; have/has/had done; will/won’t do,
He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）
句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。
A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）句中的is 是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）
句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。
（四）情态动词:这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might, should, would, will, ought to, ought not to, used to, used not to, had better do, shall do, 等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：
I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）can’t, 不必
May I come in？（我可以进来吗？）may, 可以
三：及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词（即实义动词）按其是否需要宾语，可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(一)、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，例如：
Give me some ink, please.（请给我一些墨水。）
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。）(二)、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。例如：
He works hard.（他工作努力。）
Jack runs faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。）
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（请看黑板，听我说。）
He got an “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.（这次他得了个“A”，因为他仔细地复习了功课。）
[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别，例如：Who is going to speak at the meeting?（谁打算在会上发言？）speak, 不及物动词
Few people outside China speak Chinese.（在中国外很少人讲汉语。）speak,及物动词2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的，而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如：
He is waiting for you.（他在等你。）英语wait为不及物动词，汉语“等”为及物动词。Serve the people.（为人民服务。）英语serve为及物动词，汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
四：持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
(一)、持续性动词
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。(二)、瞬间性动词
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。
(三)、用法
1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如：
He has studied English for three years.（他学英语已有3年了。）
He has joined the Party.（他已入党了。）
Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.（妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。）
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.（他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。）My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.（我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。）
My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.（我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。）3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：
（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有3年了。）不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不能用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?（你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？）不能用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：
1、go——be away
2、come——be here
3、come back——be back
4、leave——be away（be not here）
5、buy——have
6、borrow——keep
7、die——be dead
8、begin——be on
9、finish——be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in（…）或be a…member 18、become——be 19.fall in love with-be in love with https://www.doczj.com/doc/e615995197.html,e into power-be in power
（2）用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）The film has been on for five minutes. It’s five minutes since the film began.
他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）
He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）
It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法）How long is it since be found his sister?
动词改错真题
(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest.
(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
(3) Books may be keep for four weeks.
(4) …and let you know when the book you want has returned.
(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
(7) I’d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country.
(8) What your favourite sport?
(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.
(10) I was used to watch it every night.
(11) There will an important game next month.
(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.
(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
(14) As we were all left home at an early age.
(15) I often dream of become a teacher.
单句练习
(1) I want to know how long the book can be keep.
(2) Don’t worry. Your child is well looking after here.
(3) All the invitations must sent out today.
(4) You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting.
(5) The public have a right to know what in the report.
(6) What the English for this? Can anyone tell me?
(7) He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer.
(8) He is a nice girl. You’re certain to happy with her.
(9) I use to play tennis a lot but I don’t play very often now.
(10) He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be.
(11) It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground.
(12) There will have an English film in the school hall tonight.
(13) After that, the boy decided not to a sailor.
(14) After supper, my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers.
(15) Hear to me carefully. What I’m saying is very important.
英语短语动词试题类型及其解题技巧及解析 一、短语动词 1．The company wants to a school for the poor children． A. put off B. set up C. call in D. look after 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：这家公司想为贫困儿童建一所学校。put off推迟；延期；set up 建立；call in召集；打电话；look after照顾。故选B。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。 2．--- Who is Dave looking ______? --- His mother. She's been in hospital for a few days. A. for B. after C. at D. up 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——Dave在照顾谁？——他妈妈，她住院好几天了。look after照 顾；look for寻找；look at看；look up查找。根据in hospital可知选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析，牢记look的固定搭配。 3．Joe has caused many problems and his dad can't ______ good ways to solve his trouble. A. come up with B. catch up with C. work out D. write down 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】come up with”想出“；catch up with”赶上“；work out”解决“；write down” 写下来“。句意为：Joe惹出许多麻烦，他的爸爸想不出方法来解决他的麻烦。”想出方法 “用come up with，故选A。 【点评】考查短语动词的辨析。 4．If you want to know more about space, please ___________ the book A Brief History of Time. A. look through B. look around C. look after D. look down upon 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：如果你想多了解太空，请浏览《时间简史》这本书。look through 浏览；look around环顾四周；look after照顾；look down upon瞧不起。根据句意，故答案 为A。 【点评】考查动词短语辨析。熟记短语，理解句意，根据语境判断选项。
动词学案 Class：Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。（1）及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译：We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意：有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）之后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. （2）不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。
一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 4．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is
2019版高考英语二轮专题复习练习：专题五-动词和动词短语
专题五动词和动词短语(+完形填空+语篇填 空+短文改错) A级基础过关 Ⅰ.单句填空 1.(2018湖北黄冈中学三模)In the course of serving tea,the host should take careful notice of how much water is(remain) in the cups and in the kettle. 2.There should be more and more cultural exchanges between us so as to (deep)our understanding of each other. 3.(2018陕西西安二模) Li Hua read her diary entry from the previous day,which (say):“I
realize that as well as making time for my friends,I should also have some time to myself.” 4.The new electric bicycles (sell) well and (sell) out within two days. 5.A lady (appear) suddenly in front of me,and asked for a help,(appear) anxious. 6.No matter what difficulty you will meet ,carry out your plan. 7.If the day turns wet we may have to change our plans.
动词及动词短语 【2007全国Ⅰ】Does this meal cost $50? I_______ something far better than this! A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。expect期望, 期盼。句意：这顿花50美元？原以为这顿饭会更好一些。prefer更喜欢；suggest建议，表明, 暗示；suppose认为。题中表明说话者失望的心情。 【语言学习】expect 1. 预期，预料 Hunter expects that she will come. 亨特预料她会来。 2. 期望，希望，指望 Parents usually expect too much of their children. 父母通常都对子女寄予过大希望。 Don't be too critical. We can't expect it to be perfect. 别太挑剔了，我们不能期望它完美无缺。【2007全国Ⅱ】I have_______ all my papers but I still can’t find my notes. A. looked through B. looked for C. looked after D. looked out 【答案】A 【解析】考查短语动词辨析。look through浏览, 检查，审核，仔细查看。句意：我仔细查看了我所有的试卷, 但仍没找到我的笔记。look for寻找；look after照顾；look out当心, 注意。 【语言学习】look through 1.穿过……看去 Look through this window and you'll see a beautiful garden. 透过这扇窗户你会看到一个美丽的花园。 2. 看透；看穿；识破 How did she look through his trick? 她是怎么识破他的把戏? 3.检查；审核 The committee looked through his proposal before approving it. 委员会审查了他的提议以后才通过了它。 4. 浏览；(从头到尾)粗略地翻阅；温习(功课等) She spent the whole night looking through the student's homework. 她花了一晚上看学生的作业。 He looked through his notes before the final examination. 他期末考试前温习了自己的笔记。【2007全国Ⅰ】“Goodbye, then, ”she said, without even_______ from her book. A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语动词辨析。look up 抬头, 向上看。句意：“再见,” 她说，甚至没有抬头。look down俯视，向下看；look away把脸转过去；look on旁观。 【语言学习】look up 1. 向上看，抬头看 When he looked up, he saw the boss. 他抬起头时看到了老板。 2. 查阅(词典或参考书)，(在词典、参考书等中)查找： I have looked it up in the encyclopedia.
动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。 1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 （has是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。
中考英语专题练习动词及动词短语练习题(含答案) 1、Jone’s parents advised him ________ aloud to improve his poor pronunciation. A.not to read B.to read C.read D.reading 2、Wow! The meat in the plate produced a nice smell.It must ______ delicious. A.smell B.look C.taste D.feel 3、---As far as I know, China is getting better at making high-technology products. ---- That’s right, people around the world can hardly avoid ________ products made in China. A.buying B.to buy C.to buying D.buy 4、At first, the students discussed the questions all in English, but after a while, they ______speaking in Chinese. A.gave up B.picked up C.turned up D.ended up 5、The expert advised me ourselves our work. A.to be strict in; with B.be strict in; with C.to be strict with; in D.strict with; in 6、Tom has difficulty Chinese, so he often asks me advice. A.to understand, with B.understanding, of C.to understand, for D.understanding , for 7、Mozart had a amazing gift for art and his music is well worth ____________. A.being listened B.listen to C.listening D.listening to 8、 A.connecting, from B.connecting, to C.connects, from D.connects, to 9、—Why do you look so sleepy in class, John? —Sorry, sir.I _____ to watch a football match last night. A.kept up B.made up C.stayed up D.put up 10、My sweater is _____ China.It’s _____ wool（羊毛）. A.made of; made of B.made from; made from C.made in; made from D.made in; made of 11、We are sure that scientists will ____a way to solve the difficult problem. 12、---- Don’t______, my children.Keep working on and you will be successful. ---- Thank you, Mrs Wang.We’ll try our best. A.put up B.turn off C.work out D.give up 13、 A.make B.making C.makes D.made 14、--- Spud Webb’s story proved that you can do almost anything if you never _________. ---I can’t agree with you. A.stay up B.give up C.put up D.get up
英语短语动词和动词短语的区别 短语动词与动词短语是英语学习中的一个重点也是一个难点，如何区别短语动词与动词短语，很多英语初学者一片茫然。就英语双词动词或多词动词而言，大致上可分为短语动词与动词短语两种基本形式。在形式上，前者多由动词加副词构成，后者由动词加介词构成。在意义上，这两种动词具有共同特点，即它们所表示的意义不是动词和副词或介词各自词义的简单结合，而往往相当于一个实意动词，但短语动词与动词短语归根到底不是同一个概念，在用法上，二者还是有着本质的区别，这一点从以下五个方面得到体现。 1.能否接宾语动词短语相当于一个及物动词，其后要接宾语意义才完整；而短语动词并不全都接宾语。如：We should pay much attention to the environment protection.该句中如果去掉介词宾语the environment protection，句子就变成了We should pay much attention to，从意义上讲是一个病句。 而短语动词用在及物句中可以接宾语，用在不及物句中则不能接宾语。如：It took me a while to adapt to the new job. 是一个及物句，因为动词短语adapt to后面接了the new job。但The fire went out at 10 o’clock.是一个不及物句，因为该句是一个完整的句子，动词短语put out 后无需宾语。 下面再举两个含有动词短语的例子供大家参考： (1) I waited for him all day. (2) What does this sigh stand for? 典例分析When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _______ the exit as quickly as possible. A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up 答案B。从the exit来判断，是要表达向出口方向移动，那么make for（走向）最为合适。make off逃走，但不能直接接the exit，make out假装、认出，make up补充、虚构。 参考译文：当他意识到警察认出他时，他以最快的速度向出口走去。 2.宾语的位置 动词短语接宾语时，无论宾语是代词还是名词，都只能放在介词之后。如：He takes after his mother /her in everything but his nose. 但我们不能说He takes his mother after，也不能说He takes her after.再如： The schoolgirl looked quickly at the price list.我们不能说The schoolgirl looked quickly the price list at. 而及物的短语动词则不同，接代词作宾语时，宾语要放在动词和副词之间；接名词作宾语时，宾语可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在动词与副词之后。如：Another wave came, sweeping down a lot of trees and sweeping her down too. 该句中，a lot of trees 是一个名词词组，可以放在短语动词sweep 与副词down之间，也可以放在动词sweep与副词down之后，但her是一个宾格代词，必须放在动词sweep与副词down之间。
一、选择题 1．—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．were reading B．have read C．will read D．read 2．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 3．I________ cleaning my room.It’s clean now. A．have finished B．finished C．finish D．will finish 4．It ________ heavily when I left the movie theater. A．rains B．was raining C．is raining D．will rain 5．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 6．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterda y afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 7．Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A．put B．puts C．is putting D．has put 8．—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road. —Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes. A．has begun B．has stopped C．has been on 9．The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A．has; is B．is; is C．is; has D．have; has 10．They the English role play for the show last night. A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced 11．— Look after yourself on your way to Gungzhou,dear. — OK, mom.I will call you________get there. A．as soon as B．so that C．because 12．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 13．It’s _______today．I think it’s going to________． A．cloud，rain
动词和动词短语分类 [动词分类] 一、表示“使/让……”概念的动词 这类动词常见的有have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force, cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式，分词，形容词、介词短语，名词等作宾语补足语。 例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起，让你久等了。 The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。 二、不定式做宾补，不定式符号可以省略的动词 常见的有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to通常要补出。 例如：We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注：在这种结构中，watch，have,let一般不变为被动语态。如：The boy was watched to come out。(错误） 三、不定式作宾语补足语、其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词。此类动词常见的有refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love, plan, try, prefer,wish等。 例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry? ------I didn't mean to. 四、引导宾语从句、虚拟预期的动词。这类动词在引导宾语从句时为should+动词原形，should可以省略，这类动词有order,demend,suggest,insist, require,advise,decide,propose等。 例如：He orderd that we should do it at once. 他要求我们立即完成这项工作。 He adviced we should do more speaking practising in order to improve our English.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应多练习说话。 五、形主动、意义被动的词。常见的有work,open,close,write,cut, look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为“物”而不是“人”。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。 例如：The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long. 六、行为动词充当系动词。这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，V-ing，V-ed）构成系表结构，常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。 例如：It sounded like a train that was going under my house. 听起来，象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。
一、选择题 1．Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A．is B．be C．am D．are 2．— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A．Does; think B．Do ; think C．Do; thinks 3．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 4．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 5．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 6．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 7．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 8．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 9．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 10．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, r ight? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 11．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 12．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 13．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．— When and where shall we meet? — Let's ________it half past nine.
英语动词的分类及基本形式 英语动词的分类及基本形式：表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词（即Action verbs实义动词，分为及物动词和不及物动词）、系动词(The Linking Verb)、助动词(The Auxiliary Verb)和情态动词（Modal verb）四类，有些动词是兼类词。 如：We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约(have是助动词) I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) ■动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时（第三人称单数）、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 A.行为动词 即实意动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。 2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况： a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况： a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如： We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 B.系动词
专题复习之动词和动词短语 ◇高考链接◇ 1．[2012?江西卷] We were all agreed that the cottage would________ a perfect holiday home for the family. A．make B．turn C．take D．have [解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为那栋小别墅可以成为这个家庭的一个极好的假日之家。make意为“使成为”，符合语境。turn意为“使改变方向，转动”；take意为“带走；需要”；have意为“有”。2．[2012?湖北卷] Two lawyers have donated $50，000 to________ our school‘s campaign “Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A．sponsor B．launch C．organize D．plan [解析] A 考查动词。根据题意，两名律师捐赠了五万美元资助我校的“帮助需要的人”的活动，可知最佳答案为A(赞助，资助)。launch发射，发起；organize组织；plan计划；均不符合题意。 3．[2012?课标全国卷] If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will ________ her. A．persuade B．promise C．invite D．support [解析] A 考查动词词义辨析。persuade说服；promise许诺；invite 邀请；support支持。句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不能说服她。根据句意选A。 4．[2012?福建卷] You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. A．set aside B．take up C．put away D．give out [解析] A 考查动词短语。句意：你最好每天留出一些时间运动以保持充沛的精力。set aside留出，拨出；take up占据；put away收起来；give out分发。 5．[2012?湖北卷] Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage. A．hold up B．keep up C．set up D．take up [解析] B 考查动词短语。根据题意，这个男孩独自走在黑暗中，吹着口哨以保持(继续)前进的勇气，所以最佳答案为B(保持，使不低落)。