湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语阅读专题：细节理解题教案
【常见的几种命题形式】
1．Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?
2．Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? 3．What is the reason that…？
4．What do we know about…？
5．What does the writer pay least attention to?
6．Which of the following is not the result of…？
细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：
(1)直接信息题
直接信息题能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时候仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。
【典例】Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good ” cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.
1, What’s the major function of Lipitor?
A, To help quit smoking. B, To control blood pressure.
C, To improve unhealthy diet. D, To lower “bad” cholesterol.
(2)间接信息题
这类题目我们能够从文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是解题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理地加工处理，根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
【典例】 To you，the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that real ly fits you best—not the one that is the most competitive or the one has the best equipped rooms.
1.The author thinks you should choose the college that is ________.
A．wellequipped B．competitive C．suitable D．famous
【典例】The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk). The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible to wheelchair user.
1.A wheelchair user may need help to enter ________.
A．the House B．the garden C．the Visitor’s Centre D．the exhibition hall 【典例】According to Dr. Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona, kids don’t need any instructions in lying. It comes naturally to them.
1， How do children learn how to lie?
A. Instructions from parents
B. School education
C. Social experiences
D. Basic instinct
(3)综合信息题
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能“断章取义”，也不能张冠李戴。
【典例】 Third, needing to be right, it doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be
considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
1.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.
A．give orders to the other B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other D．get the other to behave properly
【典例】 Sally arrived early. As she walked around the old house, she couldn’t help feeling sad because of what was about to happen. It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The family had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their debts. The auction was to be held today.
1， Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house?
A: Because her grandmother had died.
B: Because her family were in heavy debts.
C: Because she knew she could pay for the debts.
D: Because her family had to sell her grandma’s belongings.
(4)数字计算题
这是细节题的一种，要求考生根据阅读材料中给出的信息和有关的数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。解答此类题的关键是要弄清各个数据间的关系，确定计算方法。弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
【典例】The film “Titanic” received 14 nominations for the 70th Academy Award and it is not the only one that has been given such an honor. The following is a list of films receiving 12 or more Academy Award nominations and the number of Oscars they ended up winning:
“Titanic”(1997), 14 nominations, 11awards.
“All About Eve”(1950), 14 nominations, 6 awards.
“Gone with the Wind”(1939), 13 nominations, 8awards.
“Mary Poppins”(1964), 13nominations,5 awards.
“Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf”(1966), 13 nominations, 5 awards.
1，From this passage, we learn that the Academy Award came into being in ___.
A. 1928
B. 1919
C. 1927
D. 1898
【典例】（2008年全国高考—安徽卷D篇）
… Tuition Fees (学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato．ac．nz.
Accommodation (住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato．ac．nz …
69. You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250
B. $8,000
C. $9,000
D. $11,000
【典例】(2010年·江苏卷)
BORDER CROSSINGS
While there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border，you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal
to or greater than $10,000.
PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS(免税) ON PURCHASES
AMERICANS RETURNING TO THE US
Less than 48 hours：$200 US
48 hours or more：$800 US duty-free personal exemptio n，next
$1,000 US at 3%
Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes.
CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADA
Less than 24 hours：$50 CAN
48 hours or more：$400 CAN
Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.
7 days or more：$750 CAN
Including up to 100 cigars and 200
cigarettes.
64．If a Canadian who is on a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should he pay tax on when returning home?
A．$ 800 CAN. B．$750 CAN. C．$ 400 CAN. D．$ 50 CAN.
65．For an American citizen on a 2-day tour of Canad a, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1,600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US?
A．$ 24 US. B．$ 48 US. C．$52 US. D．$ 200 US.
【典例】(2010年·全国卷Ⅱ)
Ariau Amazon Towers
Prices：starting at $300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to$3,000 for the Tarzan Suite.
The Ice Hotel
Pric es: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one.
Propeller Island
Prices：starting at just $91 a night，and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.
55．For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels，they have to pay at least________.
A．$111 B．$182 C．$600 D．$636
(5)．排序题
这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾法定位法”，即找出事件发展的首与尾，迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。或直接逐一用排除法按顺序排除，得出正确选项。
【典例】（2008年全国高考—浙江卷D篇）
…
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
…
54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want. D. Go to a self-checkout stan
d.
A. abdc
B. bacd
C. acbd
D. bcad
【典例】(2010年·福建卷)
F．Scott Fitzgerald，born on September 24,1896，an American novelist，was once a student of St.Paul Academy，the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama，where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.
This Side of Paradise，his first novel, was published in 1920. Then he continued with...a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.
However, Fitzgerald’s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol.
57．Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?
a．He became addicted to drinking.
b．He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c．He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d．The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e．He failed to reorder his life.
f．He joined the army and met Zelda.
A．f－c－e－a－b－d B．b－e－a－f－c－d
C．f－d－e－c－b－a D．b－f－c－d－e－a
(6)．代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【典例】（2008年全国卷C篇）
…
The theory is supported by the f acts that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars –seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do, ” he said.
52. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to .
A. criminals
B. pigeons
C. the stolen cars
D. demands for money 【典例】（2008年全国高考—天津卷E篇）
…
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads
to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act o f discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
【课后练习】
一．（2008年全国高考—上海卷A篇）
You either have it, or you don’t—a sense of direction, that is. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street?
Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and s uggests that if we don’t use is, we lose it.
“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, Research Director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”
Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:
●If you are using a map, turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.
●If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big
stone or a tree. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike.
When you return, go back along the same route.
●Simplify the way of fin ding your direction by using lines such as streets
in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.
Now you need never get lost again!
65. Scientists believe that_______.
A. some babies are born with a sense of direction.
B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C. people never lose their sense of direction
D. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth
66. What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?
A. They never have a sense of direction without maps
B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction
C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around
D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.
68. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ________.
A. ask policemen for directions.
B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourself
C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs
D. count the number of landmarks that you see
二．（2008年全国卷I、II C篇）
Welcome to Adventureland!
Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore (探索) , enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.
Visit the Amazon jungle village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try m aking a carpet, making nets, fishing …
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then. Spend some time in our space station climb into our simulator (模拟装置) for the Journey to Mar s!
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several.
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers; see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see…
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping centre. Come here for information and ideas too.
63. The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors ________.
A. realize the importance of traveling
B. become familiar with mountain countries
C. learn how to make things such as fishing nets
D. learn something about different places in the world
64. If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit
_____________.
A. the Travel Pavilion
B. the Future Tower
C. the Safari Park
D. the Pyramid
65. If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?
A. The Pyramid
B. The Nature Park.
C. The Future Tower
D. The Travel Pavilion
三．
Country or Area Manufacturing Resources
Development
Commerce
and
Services
Others Total
A 7220 380 89520 1370 98490
B 20490 40 5170 1070 27310
C 29370 120 36300 1010 66800
D 36570 68130 12090 120 116910
E 7160 840 19520 710 28320
The above chart shows Japanese direct investment in Asian countries or areas (A、B、C、D, and E) from 1951 till 2003. The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China, but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion. In resources development, Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan, which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore. In total, the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia.
1.We learn from the passage that the “A” in the chart stands for _____.
A. China
B. Singapore
C. Indonesia
D. Hong Kong
2.In total, Japan invested about 70 billion dollars more in Hong Kong than in ____.
A. Singapore
B. Indonesia
C. Taiwan
D. China
3.Japanese investment in resources development in Singapore was _____t imes that in Taiwan.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
4.In manufacturing, Indonesia ranked ________.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
5.According to the chart, we know _______ attracted Japan most.
A. manufacturing
B. resources development
C. commerce and services
D. others
细节题答案及解析：
（1）直接信息题 D （2）间接信息题 C A D（3）综合信息题 C D
（4）数字信息题 C
【典例】（2008年全国高考—安徽卷D篇）
69. You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250
B. $8,000
C. $9,000
D. $11,000
答案与解析：选B。本篇是介绍新西兰Waikato大学的广告。从Tuition Fees (学费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department．generally from$5，000 to$6，000 a year. For further information：tui @https://www.doczj.com/doc/e53738841.html, . Accommodation(住宿)：You can have a room in a
4- bedroom fiat, which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person. For further information：acc @ waikato．ac．nz．可知答案为B。$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．
【典例】(2010年·江苏卷)
64．If a Canadian who is on a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods,
how much should he pay tax on when returning home?
A．$ 800 CAN. B．$750 CAN. C．$ 400 CAN. D．$ 50 CAN.
解析由PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS(免税)ON PURCHASES知购买东西是免税的；根据文中Canadians Returning To Canada 的要求可知加拿大人出境7天以上可免税$750 CAN，所以该加拿大人回本国只需交$50 CAN的关税。
65．For an American citizen on a 2-day tour of Canada, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1,600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US?
A．$ 24 US. B．$ 48 US. C．$52 US. D．$ 200 US.
解析根据文中Americans Returning To the US的要求知48小时及以上的时间免收$800 US，而由“next $1,000US at3% ”得知除800以外的800到1,000以内需交3% 的税：800乘以3%＝24美元。
【典例】(2010年·全国卷Ⅱ)
55．For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels，they have to pay at least________.
A．$111 B．$182 C．$600 D．$636
解析价钱最少的“starting at just $91 a night，and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.”给出了提示。
（5）排序题
【典例】（2008年全国高考—浙江卷D篇）
54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc
B. bacd
C. acbd
D. bcad
答案与解析：选B。细节理解题。由本段的描述可以确定第一件事是Make a shopping list（列购物清单，明确买什么）。最后一件事是Go to a self-checkout stand（去付款台（自动）付钱），排除A、 C，然后再看ab的先后顺序，排除选项D。本题也可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断。
【典例】(2010年·福建卷)
57．Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald’s life according to the passage?
a．He became addicted to drinking.
b．He studied at St. Paul Academy.
c．He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
d．The Great Gatsby won high praise.
e．He failed to reorder his life.
f．He joined the army and met Zelda.
A．f－c－e－a－b－d B．b－e－a－f－c－d
C．f－d－e－c－b－a D．b－f－c－d－e－a
解析理清文章的线索，注意事件发生的先后顺序即可得到答案D。
（6）代词指代题
【典例】（2008年全国卷C篇）
52. The underlin ed word “they” in the last paragraph refers to .
A. criminals
B. pigeons
C. the stolen cars
D. demands for money
答案与解析：选D。从文中最后一段可知，they 应当对应该段前面的“Demands for pigeon-delivered money”。该部分大意为“媒体一报道这些事件之后，发案率有所下降。即使demands for money的势头有所上升，陈表明，捉住罪犯也没什么希望，因为他们（警察）有更重要的事要做。”。
【典例】（2008年全国高考—天津卷E篇）
54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
答案与解析：选B。这里的this指代前面的内容，从本段的第一句可以看出，其指代的是Long-time study of the subject matter。
【课后练习】
一．（2008年全国高考—上海卷A篇）
65. Scientists believe that_______.
A. some babies are born with a sense of direction.
B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C. people never lose their sense of direction
D. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth
66. What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?
A. They never have a sense of direction without maps
B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction
C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around
D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.
68. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ________.
A. ask policemen for directions.
B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourself
C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs
D. count the number of landmarks that you see
答案与解析：65.选D。根据第二段首句可知：科学家认为我们生来就有方向感。
66.选C。根据第三段首句可知，七岁大的小孩就具备了辨别方向的能力。
68.选B。根据Jim Martland所给的第三条建议中的“… by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you.”即可得出答案。
二．（2008年全国卷I、II C篇）
63. The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors ________.
A. realize the importance of traveling
B. become familiar with mountain countries
C. learn how to make things such as fishing nets
D. learn something about different places in the world
64. If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may vis it
_____________.
A. the Travel Pavilion
B. the Future Tower
C. the Safari Park
D. the Pyramid
65. If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?
A. The Pyramid
B. The Nature Park.
C. The Future Tower
D. The Travel Pavilion
答案与解析：63. 选D。运用“题干定向法”捕捉相关信息。根据The Travel Pavilion 部分第一句“Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.”，便可知该活动有助于游客了解世界各地风情。
64. 选B。根据The Future Tower 这一标题和内容梗概，其中特别有一句“It all ows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then.”，不难发现只有该项能够让人们了解未来社会的发展。
65. 选A。本题考察了考生信息寻找能力和细节处理能力。根据最后一段第二句告诉我们The Pyramid提供一些游客必须品。第三句则暗示The Pyramid是购买旅游纪念品的理想场所。
三．
1.We learn from the passage that the “A” in the chart stands for _____.
A. China
B. Singapore
C. Indonesia
D. Hong Kong
2.In total, Japan invested about 70 billion dollars more in Hong Kong than in ____.
A. Singapore
B. Indonesia
C. Taiwan
D. China
3.Japanese investment in resources development in Singapore was _____times that in Taiwan.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
4.In manufacturing, Indonesia ranked ________.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
5.According to the chart, we know _______ attracted Japan most.
A. manufacturing
B. resources development
C. commerce and services
D. others
（表格阅读题需正确理解表格中所提供的内容，看懂行和列分别代表的意义，在正确理解的基础上才能做出正确的选择。通常情况下需要对表格的项目进行比较，找准正确的计算关系尤为重要。由于表格具有信息量大的特点，而有些信息与题干无关，如通篇阅读，既缺少针对性又浪费时间，一般采用“首读题干法”为上策，即先读题目要求，带着问题在表格里查找相关信息，去伪存真。如考查有关数据的相互关系，这就需要对各数据进行分析，找出隐含规律，此时常用“文表分析法”来提示其规律。）
答案与解析：考查学生理解图表和结合文字叙述摄取有关信息的做题能力。此题首先要清楚A、B、C、D、E所代表的国家或地区。从“The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China, ”可以知道A、E代表香港和中国大陆，从后一句“but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion.”可以进一步确定A代表香港，E代表中国大陆。从“In r esources development, Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan, which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore.”可以知道C是新加坡，B是台湾，D无疑就是印度尼西亚了，从最后一句“In total, the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia”也可得到印证。确定了这五个国家和地区，问题就迎刃而解了。答案：1-5 DDAAC
阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
初中英语阅读课的教案 【篇一：优化初中英语阅读课的教学设计】 优化初中英语阅读课的教学设计 江津李市中学李昌银 内容摘要： 学生的综合运用语言的能力，进行四个方面的探讨：本文就如何优 化初中英语阅读课的教学设计，提高阅读课的教学效果和培养 一、精心设计问题，设置悬念，激发阅读兴趣 二、合理安排教学步骤，有层次地引导学生阅读 三、改善学生的学习心理，发展学生的智能和综合素质 四、阅读注意反馈调控 关键词：阅读课，教学设计，综合运用语言的能力 初中英语教学改革对学生的阅读能力提出了更高要求。初中英语阅 读教学已占主导地位，优化阅读课的教学设计能提高阅读课的教学 效果和培养学生的综合运用语言能力。那么，如何优化初中英语阅 读课的教学设计？本文试以一篇阅读短文a lucky escape为例，谈 谈自己的一点体会： 一、精心设计问题，设置悬念，激发阅读兴趣 在初中英语阅读教学中，设计问题，回答问题是课堂教学使用率最 高的一种教学手段。教师问题设计的得体、精巧，能把学生引入“问 题情境”，激发学生探索知识和阅读的欲望，引导他们积极思考，对 发展学生的英语表达能力能起到极大作用。在初中英语阅读教学的 问题设计中，教师要注意提问的质量，问题要有启发性，且难易适度，要有训练思维能力的价值，对不同性质不同程度的问题要适当 地让不同程度的学生回答。据此，教师在设计问题时，要精心组织，甚至对某个问题学生可能有的几种回答怎么引导，怎么分析都要在 事先有所估计，有所考虑。另外，设计问题时要注意循序渐进，由 易到难。首先提出能让学生通过略读就能快速在语篇中找到明显答 案的连贯的问题，帮助他综观全文，获取对语篇的完整印象，训练 学生整体理解，快速阅读的技能；然后提出一些推断性问题让学生 通过精读领会语篇的细节，根据问题迅速定位，在区域内进行合理 的判断、 推测，培养他的分析、综合和概括等思维能力；最后，提出一些延 伸性问题来开拓学生的视野，培养创造性思维。
(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.
2017年山东省实验中学高考物理二模试卷 二．选择题（本题共8小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～5题只有一项符合题目要求，第6～8题有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分） 1．（6分）质量为m=1kg的物体以初速度12m/s竖直向上抛出，做直线运动，以竖直向上为正方向，物体的速度﹣时间图象如图所示，已知g=10m/s2．则（） A．物体在0～2s内通过的位移为10m B．物体受到的空气阻力为2N C．落回抛出点时重力的瞬时功率为80W D．2s内机械能损失24J 2．（6分）下列说法正确的是（） A．汤姆逊通过对α粒子散射实验的研究，揭示了原子核式结构 B．核反应方程式为H+H→He+n的反应是一个裂变反应 C．根据波尔理论可知，氢原子辐射出一个光子后，核外电子的运动速度增大 D．光电效应实验中，若保持入射光的光强不变，不断增大入射光的频率，则遏 止电压减小 3．（6分）“轨道康复者”航天器可在太空中给“垃圾”卫星补充能源，延长卫星的 使用寿命．如图所示是“轨道康复者”在某次拯救一颗地球同步卫星前，二者在同 一平面内沿相同绕行方向绕地球运动的示意图．已知地球半径为R，同步卫星轨道半径为6.6R，航天器的近地点离地面高度为0.2R，远地点离地面高度为 1.1R．若不考虑卫星与“轨道康复者”之间的引力，则下列说法正确的是（）
A．在图示轨道上，“轨道康复者”的速度大于7.9km/s B．在图示轨道上，“轨道康复者”的周期为3h C．在图示轨道上，“轨道康复者”从A点开始经1.5h到达B点，再经过0.75h到达C点 D．若要对该同步卫星实施拯救，“轨道康复者”可从同步卫星后方加速或从同步卫星前方减速，然后与与之对接 4．（6分）如图甲所示，在xoy坐标系的第一象限里有垂直于纸面向里的磁场， x坐标相同的位置磁感应强度都相同，有一矩形线框abcd的ab边与x轴平行，线框在外力作用下从图示位置（ad边在y轴右侧附近）开始向x轴正方向匀速直线运动，已知回路中的感应电流为逆时针方向，大小随时间的变化图线如图乙，则磁感应强度随坐标x变化的图象应是哪一个（） A．B． C． D． 5．（6分）如图所示，长为L、质量为m的金属棒用柔软的轻质金属丝悬挂在水
初中英语阅读课的教学设计
初中课堂教学展示：初中英语阅读教学课堂观察记录 学校：三中时间：2011年5月12日教学内容：7BU5 Reading (1) 执教人：诸翠华（三中）黄昭福（二中） 观察点一：教学目标、教学重难点的确立及实施方法、解决途径 课堂观察人：高小春（东中初一备课组长） 2
诸翠华老师 三中诸翠华老师：这节课教学目标明确，教学重难点突出，诸老师通过课件图片展示，解读了本节课的教学重点词汇，实施的方法直观性强，贴近学生现实生活的场景，为学生描写火灾进行了充足的词汇和素材方面的准备。其次，诸老师用小黑板展示了本节课的重点词汇，进一步巩固了教学内容的重点。第三，通过二读让学生对问题的回答，句子的正误判断进一步解决了教学重点。第四，通过三读让学生根据课文内容填词，解决了本节课的教学难点。最后用一个Task：Let’s discuss把本节课的教学目标和情感能力目标有机的结合在一起。 黄昭福老师 二中黄昭华老师：这节课教学目标明确，教学重难点确立到位。黄老师通过一段火灾的视频，教师提问：If there is a fire, what should we do? 如拨打119，尽快冲出火场，用打湿的棉被裹住身体等情景实施了教学手段，方法新颖，教学设计完美，解决突破了本节课的教学重点。其次通过问题回答，True or false判断，put the following sentence in the right 3
order 进一步解决突破了本节课的教学重点和难点，最后通过Free talk，让学生思考怎样预防火灾，把本节课的教学目标和情感能力目标有机地结合在一起，教学效果更好！ 观察点二：教学内容与教学方法（教什么与怎么教） 课堂观察人：姜爱花（二中教研组长） 诸翠华老师 1、以图片形式呈现，教授新单词。 2、教师针对阅读内容设计几个焦点性问题指导学生带着问题快速阅读课文。 3、教师通过设计3个任务引导学生逐步仔细阅读课文，使学生进一步加深对文章的理解，运用搜寻式阅读技巧。 4、最后，设置了讨论，对学生进行安全教育和情感教育。 黄昭福老师 1、以图片形式复习上节课主要词汇。 2、以图片呈现话题fire,What do you think of fire? 把这一开放性话题留给学生，让学生开始思考。 3、以生活中的图片呈现新单词，学生很感兴趣。 4
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
LESSON PLAN Time of Lesson: 45 minutes Students: Senior Grade One Teaching Material: How Did Postage Stamps Come Into Use Teaching Objectives: 1. To train Ss\' reading ability(such as guessing the meaning of new words in the context, the speed of reading.) 2. To train Ss\' reading comprehension(To get messages from what they read.) Teaching Points: 1. Ss get used to three reading skills. 2. Ss understand the given passage. Properties: Stamps, letters, postcards, work sheets, OHP Teaching Method: Communicative Approach Lesson Type: Reading New Words and A Phrase: postage, put forward, proposal, seal, deliver, system, postal Procedures:
Step 1. Warm-up(6\') 1. Lead-in Show some stamps, letters and postcards and have free talk to arouse students\' motivation. 2. Dealing with some new words Q: Do you know the postage of a letter? Explain \"postage\", and write postage on the Bb. postage: payment for the carrying of letters A: Fifty fen for any place in China except Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao. Q: What do the postmen do with the letters? A: They take the letters from the postbox and carry them away to the places on the envelopes and deliver them to the addressed people. Explain \"deliver\", and write deliver on the Bb. deliver: take letters or goods to the addressed people. Q: Who put forward the proposal to use stamps? Use OHP to project the question onto the screen. Explain \"put forward\" and \"proposal\", and write them on the Bb. put forward: put an idea before people for thinking over proposal: sth. proposed, plan or idea, suggestion
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. “I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.” He laughed, “You’ll give me a quarter for my story?” I lay the qu front of him and corrected myself –“Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the “I was in the army,” he said. “ carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. enemy from the distance.” I listened He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. “I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,” he said. “One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.” The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? “I have no regrets,” anyone the homeless man said. “I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed He in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.” okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with continued, “I can live with being homeless—that’s killing innocent people.” On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
细节理解题的解题步骤和方法 一、教学引入 细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据我的分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。 二、细节理解题的分类 细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。 1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。 （1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。 因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如： 【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably 【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that （2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有： Which of the following is not true? We can learn/infer from the passage that… Which of the follow ing is NOT mentioned about …? 也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如： 【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because . 原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。 2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有： （1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问 （2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系 （3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算 （4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义 （5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序 （6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度 三、细节理解解题方法 三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法 1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。 【2010广东】 C Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that
2020届山东省实验中学高考第三次诊断测高中物理二、选择题(此题包括8小题，每题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分)。 14．在原子物理学中，下面一些讲法正确的选项是 A．汤姆逊发觉了电子，使人们想到了原子核具有复杂结构 B．当氢原子的核外电子由距核较近的轨道跃迁至较远的轨道时，原子要吸取光子电子的动能减小，点势能增加 C．重核裂变过程中有质量亏损，轻核聚变过程中质量有所增加 D．在电磁波中红外线比紫外线的波动性更显著 15．以下关于热现象的讲法，正确的选项是 A．外界对物体做功，物体的内能一定增加 B．气体的温度升高，气体的压强一定增大 C．任何条件下，热量都可不能由低温物体传递剑高温物体 D．任何热机都不可能使燃料开释的热量完全转化为机械能 16．一列简谐横波沿x轴传播。t=0时的波形如下图，质点A与质点B相距lm，A点速 度沿y轴正方向：t=0.02s时，质点A第一次到达正向最大位移处。由此可知 A．此波的传播速度为50m/s B．此波沿x轴负方向传播 C．从t=0时起，通过0.04s，质点A沿波传播方向 迁移了lm D．在t=0.04s时，质点B处在平稳位置，速度沿y轴负方向 17．地球质量大约是月球质量的81倍，地球半径大约是月球半径的4倍。不考虑地球、月球自转的阻碍，由以上数据可推算出 A．地球的平均密度与月球的平均密度之比约为81：64 B．地球表面重力加速度与月球表面重力加速度之比约为81：16 C．靠近地球表面沿圆轨道运行的航天器的周期与靠近月球表面沿圆轨道运行的航天器的周期之比约为8：9 D．靠近地球表面沿圆轨道远行的航大器线速度与靠近月球表面沿圆轨道运行的航天器线速度之比约为9：2 18．如下图，一细束红光和一细束紫光以相同的入射角i从空气射到长方体玻璃砖的同一点，同时都商接从下表面射出以下讲法中正确的有
浅谈高中英语阅读课课堂教学设计 发表时间：2013-01-21T11:23:15.637Z 来源：《新校园》学习版2012年第9期供稿作者：杨彩红 [导读] 高中英语的阅读课文的选材丰富，是渗透着思想情感的教育，对学生的身心发展会产生较强的感染作用。 张圆 （兰州市六十中，甘肃兰州730060） 摘要：高中英语阅读材料贴近现代生活，许多阅读课文渗透着思想情感的教育，是高中英语教学的一个重要环节。本文对高中英语阅读课教学设计进行初步探讨，提出一种新的阅读课的课堂教学设计，强调学生在阅读教学中的主体性和参与性，重视学生的参与以及学生用英语获取信息、运用信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，同时也注重学生的知识拓展以及对英语文学作品的审美能力。 关键词：阅读课教学；教学设计 英语阅读课是扩充学生词汇量、丰富学生语言和提高学生语言运用能力的重要课程和途径，是学生拓宽视野，获取知识和信息的重要渠道。新课程标准指导下的Senior Englishfor China 新教材阅读课教材内容十分广泛，包括人文地理、科学发明、历史与文学、体育与健康、宇宙空间、新闻媒体、报刊杂志、旅游与休闲、人权等各种题材。体裁则更加丰富多彩，有记叙、说明、议论、小说、书信、戏剧、游记、幽默等。这样就具有话题广泛、信息量大、语言知识丰富等特征。它是各单元教学的核心，是培养学生阅读能力的经典范文，也是学生吸收和运用信息的主渠道。以高中英语阅读课文为例，对高中英语阅读课文课堂教学设计进行初步探讨，大致分为以下四个环节进行课堂教学设计，每个环节在教学中的侧重点不同，但又缺一不可。 一、导入（Leading in）———引出话题 课文导入环节是为了对阅读作教学准备，引起学生对阅读的兴趣和求知欲。设计好导入环节能有效地激发学生的学习兴趣，培养良好的阅读习惯。采用启发式教学方法，激活学生思维，让学生对文章所给的信息产生好奇的心理，给学生独立思考、大胆想象和自我发挥创造了思维空间，从而激发他们去捕捉文章中的信息。在教学中根据不同的内容可以使用的导入方式有以下几种： 1.背景介绍式（the way to introduce background information） 这种导入模式可以启发学生对有关话题的思考，常用于涉及西方文化的背景知识，比如外国的政治、历史、文学、地理、风俗习惯等题材的文章，我们可以利用PPT 来进行背景展示，也可以通过录像、文字资料、旅游指南、音乐、视频等进行介绍,目的是提供背景信息，启发学生的思维和想象，提升课程周边知识量。在阅读课The British Isles (高二Unit5)的教学中，让学生了解其历史、文化、自然风光等知识，还可以通过世界地图或者教学挂图来让学生了解the British Isles 的地理位置及其它的组成部分。 2.提问式（the way to ask questions） 这是一种常用的导入模式，教师通过教学参考资料或者课文中的重点和难点提出问题，让学生根据自己的常识进行回答，或者带着问题去阅读。提出的问题不仅与本单元的主题有关，而且与阅读材料关系密切。此任务型活动需要学生根据问题的启发，发表自己的见解。学生找到文章中的有关章节并不难，难点在于要求学生用自己的语言将答案概括出来。例如，在进行课文Table manners at a dinner party （高一Unit6）的教学时，笔者要求学生先讨论以下问题： （1）What table manners does the text about? （2）How does the text develop, in the order of content or in theorder of time? 3.讨论式（the way to discuss） 高中英语教材大多数内容都与我们的日常生活密切相关，比如，饮食健康、旅游、自然灾害、疾病与急救常识、环境保护等。在上课前先组织学生讨论与课文有关的话题，能激活学生头脑里的生活体验，启发学生预测课文的内容，展开简短的讨论，以便通过阅读验证自己的推测，让学生在阅读文章时有身临其境的感觉。例如，让学生例举平时在身边发生的紧急情况，比如溺水、交通事故、房子着火、出血、哽住、煤气中毒等，要求他们分组讨论如何自救，从而为阅读课文The rescue(高一Unit5)作好铺垫。 二、课文教学———课文呈现（Presentation） 课文教学是阅读课教学的核心部分，它是学生从文章中吸取信息而进行加工处理的一个阶段，学生要从所给的篇章中找出文章的细节描写、归纳出文章的中心思想，找出文章的主题句和主题段、归纳文章的语言知识，培养学生对获得信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别是注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。在课文教学时，打破传统的授课模式，不再逐字逐段地为学生翻译句子或者向学生“满堂灌”或“满堂问”，而是要指导学生进行篇章分析，找出每段的中心词和中心句（key word and sentence），理解文章的体裁，掌握每个段落的大意（general idea），归纳出整篇文章的主题，最后让学生欣赏文章。课文阅读教学应该分为以下两步来进行： 1.快速浏览（Skimming)———初步感知 快速浏览是为了获取特定的信息而阅读，要求学生在限定的时间内找到问题的出处，并迅速找到问题的答案。在进行课文Kwanzaa(高一Unit14)设计与课文有关的的几个问题，要求学生通过快速浏览来回答： （1）What is the name of the festival? （2）What is the festival about? （3）When do people celebrate Kwanzaa? 教师要让学生养成正确的阅读习惯，训练学生“Z”字型的阅读方式，避免一个词一个词地逐行阅读，而是要快速用眼、用心、用大脑去扫描文章，集中精力用大脑去捕捉每段文字所传达的信息并对信息进行简单的加工和处理。 2.详细阅读(Careful reading)———深化理解 详细阅读是课文教学的重要环节，是学生掌握课文内容的关键。首先要引导学生仔细阅读课文，了解课文的主要情节和细节，可以让学生分析段落、段落大意以及段落之间存在的内在逻辑联系。在详细阅读这一环节还可以给学生设计多项选择题或者正误判断题让学生讨论。分段细读，注意细节，帮助学生深化理解。例如，进行课文Chuck’s friend（高一Unit 1）的教学时，设计划分文章段落大意的题，目的在于教会学生理清文章的层次，进一步理解阅读材料的内容。 详细阅读之后，在学生基本掌握课文内容的基础上，教师通过播放录音，要求学生在听的过程中注意英语的语音语调和句子的停顿，