第五讲名词性从句
PartⅠ真题变式体验
1．[2015·福建高考]—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
答案：how由句子结构分析“wonder”后为宾语从句，由答语内容知宾语从句中用how引导，how在宾语从句中作方式状语。
2．[2015·湖南高考]You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
答案：where由句子结构分析“________ you're going”为know的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少go的地点状语，故用where引导。
3．[2015·陕西高考]Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
答案：what由句子结构分析，“for”后为它的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少动词“achieved”的宾语，故用what。
4．[2015·重庆高考]We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
答案：when由句子结构分析，“________Karl is coming”为动词短语“find out”的宾语从句，从句中只能填连接副词，由主句的逻辑意义可知从句中应用when作时间状语。
5．[2015·四川高考]The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.
答案：why从句子结构分析可知考查“tell”的宾语从句，且从句中的逻辑意义可知用连接副词why在从句中作原因状语。
6．[2015·安徽高考]A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not________ ships are built for.
答案：what由句子结构分析考查表语从句，且表语从句中缺少介词“for”的宾语，故用what。
7．[2014·大纲全国卷]Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
答案：when'分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。
8．[2014·北京高考]The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
答案：when'根据设空处前面的“The best moment”可知表语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
9．[2014·天津高考]I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
答案：what'根据分析可知在主语从句“________impresses me about his painting”中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，所以填what。
10．[2014·重庆高考]—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
答案：why'根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。
PartⅡ语篇真题演练
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2011·广东高考]One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment __16__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me __17__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __18__ (sit) at the front. He __19__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be __20__ (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to __21__ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes __22__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him __23__ his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had __24__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I'm glad I made a choice. It made __25__ of us feel good.
Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。
本文讲述的是作者乘坐公共汽车去听音乐会；车上遇到一位精神失常的乘客后作者的经历。
Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。
16．later。根据空格位置结合语义可知此处考查词形变化。
17．until。空后为一个状语从句，考查状语从句引导词。
18．sitting/was_sitting。考查非谓语动词作notice的动词宾补或notice后跟宾语从句。
19．was_pretending。考查主句中谓语动词的时态及语态。
20．mentally。考查副词修饰disabled。
21．whom。考查介词提前的定语从句。
22．they。由上下文可知考查代词作主语。
23．on。考查固定短语搭配。
24．an。考查固定用法。
25．both。由上下文知考查代词。
Step 3：代入验证。
需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。
分析下列例句，归纳各名词性从句的结构。
1主语从句
①That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
②What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。
③It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself. 其他人怎么想你不关你的事，要相信你自己。
④It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
归纳：
主语从句的结构：
(1)_____________________________________________________
答案：连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他＋谓语＋其他。
(2)_____________________________________________________
答案：It(形式主语)＋谓语＋其他＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
2宾语从句
①I'm afraid (that) I can't accept your invitation.
恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。
②Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.
汤姆除了有时候迟到外，还是很不错的男孩。
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
④I don't think that you should go abroad in the future.
我认为你将来不应该出国。
归纳：
宾语从句的结构：
(1)_____________________________________________________
答案：及物动词(短语)/介词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
(2)_____________________________________________________
答案：及物动词＋it＋宾补＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
(3)_____________________________________________________
答案：表示情感的形容词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
3表语从句
①My decision was that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们上次玩得很快乐是我们在游览水上公园的时候。
③As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.
众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。
④One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。
归纳：
表语从句的结构：
________________________________________________________
答案：系动词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
4同位语从句
①We should consider the student's request that the school library provide more books on popular science.
我们应该考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的大众科学方面的书籍。
②The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决。
③I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
④I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.
我向自己保证：今年——我高中的第三年——将会是不同的一年。
归纳：
(1)同位语从句的结构：
________________________________________________________
答案：名词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。
注意：不难发现，同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行了修饰、限制。
同位语从句常放在feeling，news，doubt，problem，promise，idea等名词后，而定
语从句不受此限制。
对比以下例句，辨别其为何种从句：
①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。
(2)句①为________从句；句②为________从句。
答案：同位语；定语
考点二名词性从句连接词的选择
名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：
1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what (ever), which (ever), who (ever), whom (ever)，前两组指事物，后两组指人，通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what (ever)。
①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
②The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(宾语从句，whoever作主语)
雇主经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。
[典例1][2015·四川成都二诊]Yon can tell about a person by ________ he says about others in their absence.
[解析]what考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查介词by后跟的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指事，故填what。句意：你可以通过其他人不在时，他谈论的关于他的事辨别一个人。
[典例2][2015·重庆南开中学一诊]—Do you really hate Mary that much?
—Yes, indeed. And I feel sorry for ______ marries her.
[解析]whoever考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断此处考查的是宾语从句用法，且从句中缺少主语指人，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：——你真的很憎恨Mary 吗？——是的，的确是，并且无论谁娶她我都为谁感到难过。
2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少表语、状语等成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, whether/if, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。
①Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(宾语从句，缺语义)
一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
②It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether voluntary services should be financially rewarded.(宾语从句，缺语义)
很明显，人们对志愿者服务是否应该有经济奖励持不同观点。
③What is concerning us greatly is when the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set
free. (表语从句，缺语义)
使我们非常担心的是昨天在该区域被劫持的工人什么时候将被释放。
[典例3][2015·苏锡常镇四市调研一]Having a good command of the language of the country where you're going to study is necessary, because language skills affect ________ you perform academically.
[解析]how考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断从句为宾语从句，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(perform不及物)，结合语义，可知答案是how。句意：熟练掌握你要去学习的国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能影响到你学术上如何表现。
[典例4][2015·安徽安庆一中四模]There have been frequent railway accidents in China recently, and that is ________ people are concerned.
[解析]where考查表语从句。根据从句位于系动词之后可知考查表语从句的用法，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(被动语态)，故结合语义可知答案是where。句意：最近在中国频繁发生了几次铁路事故，那是人们关注的焦点所在。
3．从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，又语义完整，则用连接词that。
①It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. (主语从句，不缺成分和语义)
会议推迟到了下周一已经定下来了。
②He gave me a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)
他建议我们课上练习说英语。
[典例5][2015·福建泉州五校摸底]________ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.
[解析]That考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知，该题考查主语从句，且从句中既不缺成分也不缺语义，故填that。句意：人们公认高尔夫是在15世纪的苏格兰发源的。
[典例6][2015·北京西城区期末]It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture ________ some people can't write Chinese characters properly.
[解析]that考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知考查主语从句用法，从句中既不缺语义也不缺成分，故填that。句意：一些中国人不会正确书写汉字成为中国语言和文化的一大威胁。
考点三whether与if的区别
1．表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时必须用whether。
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)
＝The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
＝I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
2．在宾语从句中whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语
中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。
(1)在及物动词后
(×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)
(√)I don't care whether/if he comes or not.
(√)I don't care whether or not he comes.
(×)I don't care if or not he comes.(if不与or not直接连用)
(√)I don't know whether to go there.
(2)在介词后
在介词后常用whether，不用if。
It depends on whether you can do the work well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
[典例7][2015·四川雅安重点中学月考]What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.
[解析]whether考查表语从句的用法。根据句式结构可知，从句为表语从句，结合语义可知，答案是whether, 因表语从句中不能用if替换whether, 故只能填whether。句意：医生真正怀疑的是母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。
考点四疑问词＋ever引导的名词性从句
1．“疑问词＋ever”引导名词性从句时，有词义，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
①Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
②Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿他的父母都担心。
2．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“no matter＋疑问词”互换。但“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用来引导名词性从句。
Whatever(＝No matter what) you do, you must do it well.
无论你做什么，都必须做好。
[典例8][2015·重庆一中一诊]To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products.
[解析]whoever考查宾语从句。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查宾语从句，作“asked”的宾语，从句中无主语，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：为了改善产品质量，我们向所有使用过我们产品的顾客广征建议。
NO.1解题步骤
1.分析空格的位置或句子结构，判断是否考查连词。
2．根据从句的不同特点，确定考查的从句类型。
3．根据不同从句连接词的特点，结合语义确定答案。
NO.2解题技巧
1.若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
2．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。
3．一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连词，若从句中缺少主语和宾语，用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整则用that。
[典例9][2015·东北三校模拟一]If I ask you ________ you love，the answers will most likely roll off your tongue(顺嘴说)．
[解析]what分析句子结构可知需填连词，“ask”后为宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指事，故填what。句意：如果我问你爱什么，答案很可能顺嘴说出来。
[典例10][2015·吉林实验中学四模]He discussed his thoughts on innovation (创新) in China, Facebook's future in the country and ________ he is studying Chinese.
[解析]why分析句子结构可知，“discuss”后面为宾语从句，但从句中不缺少主语和宾语，再结合语意可知，此处应填why。句意：他谈论了他在中国思想上的创新，Facebook的未来发展前景以及为什么学习汉语。
1.名词性从句主要侧重于连接词的选择，其解题步骤如下：
(1)根据句型结构判断是否是名词性从句；
(2)判断从句中的成分是否缺少主语或宾语，缺少主语或宾语选择连接代词what (ever), which (ever), who (ever)以及whom (ever)；
(3)若从句中不缺少主语和宾语，则根据语义使用whether/if, when, where，why, how, how much/many等连接词；
(4)若从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，亦语义完整，则用that。
2．名词性从句中缺少主语/宾语时，常用的连接代词为what, 而定语从句中用关系代词that/which，注意区别开来。
3．名词性从句中的连接词that只有在引导宾语从句时可以省略(且是第一个宾语从句)，其他从句中均不可省略。
4．从句中的时态要和主句的时态保持一致，语序要用陈述句语序。
5．名词性从句是主句中不可缺少的一部分，这也是名词性从句的特性，考生可根据此特性与其他从句进行区分。
2018高考英语语法填空及答案（一卷，二卷，三卷）（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try. （二卷）Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is63(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxk
第6讲名词性从句 1．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏，26) A．that B．which C．what D．how 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作
20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。2．Every year，________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京，23) A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever 答案 B 解析考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever 无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。 3．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing ________ she was heading. (2017·北京，26) A．why B．where C．how D．when 答案 B 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。 4．She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津，4) A．when B．where C．whether D．what 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when 什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。
高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析） 高考英语语法填空 【括号内提供的是名词】 ①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。 ②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。如： One of my fa ther’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！” 答案sayings 这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。 say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是sayings。 ③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。如：
A （2018全国一卷） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. B （2018全国二卷） Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to
.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good mar ks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. …but after class we become stranger at once. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting marr ied next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday? 4. Most of them are woman doctors. 5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my father is rather old. 10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.
2018-2011历年高考语法填空真题2018（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try. 2018（二卷）Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: Th e government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxk
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
第10讲代词 1．In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.(2016·浙江，3) A．that B．this C．one D．it 答案 A 解析句意为：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。代词that 指代前文中出现的the education system。this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。根据语境可知应选A项。 2．To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________. (2015·陕西，13) A．another B．the other C．other D．either 答案 B 解析句意为：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”用one...the other...。 3．The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.(2015·重庆，2) A．everybody B．nobody C．anybody D．somebody 答案 B 解析句意为：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的but表转折，根据句意可知应选nobody。 4．The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.(2015·福建，21) A．all B．none C．either D．neither 答案 D
高三语法专题总结 序号课题课时教学要求 冠词 3 1.熟知冠词的基本用法、习语和固定搭配 2.掌握冠词的一些灵活用法和特殊用法 1.冠词的基本用法 1 冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指 2.冠词的习惯用法 1 1.定冠词的习惯用法 2.不定冠词的习惯用法 3.零冠词的习惯用法 3.冠词的活用 1 1.被具体化的抽象名词前的冠词用法 2.被普通化的专有名词前的冠词用法 3.形容词比较级、最高级和序数词前的冠词活用 高考重点冠词的基本用法及冠词的习惯用法 高考难点冠词的活用 专题二代词 3 熟练掌握不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、人称代词 以及it的灵活运用 1、不定代词 1 1、both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 2、one，ones, the one,that,those的用法 3、one，another, the other, some ,others, the others的用法 4、复合不定代词及其他不定代词 2、反身代词 1 1、反身代词的基本用法 2、与反身代词构成的介词短语 3、与反身代词构成的动词短语 3、指示代词、人称代词和it的用法1 1、指示代词、人称代词的基本用法 2、It的用法 高考难点语境的真实性和复杂性、语义较丰语法复杂的不定代词的考查 专题三形容词和副词 2 了解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法及常用句 型 1、形容词、副词的基 1 1、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
本用法2、对形容词、副词顺序的考查 2、形容词、副词的辨 析 1 在语境中学会形容词副词的用法 高考难点对于形容词副词比较等级的考查倾向于“淡化语法，注重深层语义的特点” 专题四语义辨析（名词、介词 及介词短语）3 1、在真实语境中能恰当的使用意义相近的介词，掌 握表示时间及空间的介词的用法 2、在语境中能恰当的使用介词的一些习惯用法和 介词与名词的固定搭配 1、名词辨析 1 1、名词的数和名词所有格的用法 2、名词的句法功能，尤其是名词作定语的用法 2、介词辨析 1 1、表示方位的介词 2、表示时间的介词 3、表示工具、手段、方式的介词 4、表原因、目的的介词 5、易混介词辨析 3.介词短语解析 1 1、与名词构成的介词短语 2、与某些形容词固定搭配的介词 高考难点介词短语的辨析，题干结构复杂 专题五动词和动词词组 2 1、掌握动词的及物和不及物性 2、掌握被动形式中英汉表达的不同 3、掌握感官动词作系动词：feel/look/sound 1、动词辨析 1 考纲中出现的动词及动词辨析 2、动词词组辨析 1 考纲中动词词组及辨析 高考难点同义词及词组辨析 专题六动词的时态及语态 2 1.建立“时”和“体”的概念 2.掌握一般将来时的各种形式及区别 3.掌握易混时态的用法：一般过去时和现在完成时 的区别 4.掌握各种时态的被动语态形式
高考英语语法专题复习 一、名词Nouns 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词 1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词） 2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。 （由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。） 2、普通名词 物质名词：water,rice, oil, paper...... 1）不可数名词 抽象名词：health, trouble, work, pleasure, honor...... 注： ①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time. make a great progress. ②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ③不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ...... | | | | 各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水大片水域积雪 ④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties ⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper...... 2）可数名词： ①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ②有复数形式： a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（略） b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(pheno mena)； 注：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）......。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes...... e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们；表民族时复数+s），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词：family, public, group, class等。作为整体时，为单数；作为整体中的各个成员时， 为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）合成名词变复数时: a.只把复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式。如：