综合写作主要考察三个能力：take note, summarize, parahrase
Integrared writing的基本类型
转折关系
Lecture 驳斥Reading
或者
Lecture 提出Reading 未提及的不良方面或问题
延续关系
Lecture支持Reading
或者
Lecture解释Reading的原因和结果
延续+ 转折
目前看出了考到一次延续关系，其余全部都是Lecture驳斥Reading
所以，我们现在还是可以大胆的只准备驳斥
Grammar and vocabulary
我们在读和听的时候要记什么?
In reading
1. Mean idea
2. Explanation imformation 主要理由
In listening
1. Mean idea
2. Explanation information
3. supporting examples
听力材料听得越多越好
最常用词汇
听力材料：lecture, listenling material, listenling, listenling passage
阅读材料：reading, passage, reading passage, article
讲话人：lecturer, professor, speaker
文章作者：author, writer
陈述：state, indicate, believe, suggest, discuss, talk about, make the point that, say, demonstrate, illustrate
驳斥：rufute, disagree with, cast doubt on, challenge, oppose, conflict with, deny the statement of, contradict, differ from, in contrast
支持：support, enhance, uphold, justfiy, strengthen
转折：support, enhance uphold justify
列举：first, second, third, first of all, secondly, also, finally
学术词汇：
reason, cause, basis, ground, motive, motivation
example, instance
evidence, data, fact, proof
explanation, account
definition, description, clarfication
assumption, premise
conclusion, belief, idea, opinion, judgment, view, argument, theoty
issue, matter, topic, problem, subjest
acknowledgement, observation, prediction
statement, point
advice, proposal, plan, recommendation
开头
1. In the lecture, the speaker makes several points about…/focuses on ________ Contradicting/enhancing what are stated in the reading passage that ________.
2. In the lecture, the proffessor made several points about ________. The lecturer argues that ________. The points made by the profferssor agree/disagree with the reading passage.
3. In the reading passage, the author claims that _______. However, the following listening material entirely challenged the statement made by the write. The speaker contends that ________.
4. In the lecture, the professor argues that ________. However, the reading passage contends that ________. The professor’s lecture casts dount on/advocates the reading passage by using number of points and example.
分段
结尾
In retrospect, all the three evidence of the lecture illustrate that the speaker agrees/disagrees with the points mentioned in the reading materials.
In conclusion, based on the discussions demonstrated above, we can clearly see that the ponit made in the lecture differ from those made in the reading.
So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
In sun, judging from all evidence offered above, the lecture, in fact, directly denies what the reading passage indicates.
托福写作常用的80个高频形容词 在托福写作中，常常会运用到各种各样的形容词。下面环球教育小编收集的托福写作80个高频形容词备考，希望对考生会有所帮助。 1. pleasant and enjoyable多姿多彩的 2. boring, exhausting and stressful无聊的，繁重的, 压力大的 3. isolated, unsociable and depressed孤立的，不善于社交的，和抑郁的 4. addictive 上瘾的 5. aggressive 有上进心的 6. balanced 平衡的 7. compatible 兼容的 8. complicated 复杂的 9. confident 自信的 10. corrupt 腐败的 11. cutting-edge 尖端的 12. delicious 美味可口的 13. demanding 要求高的 14. detrimental 有害的 15. eccentric 古怪的 16. economical 节俭的 17. enlightened 开明的;文明的 18. fashionable 时髦的 19. feasible 可行的 20. flexible 灵活多样的 21. fruitful 有成效的
22. glamorous 富有魅力的 23. gorgeous 辉煌的 24. impressive 令人印象深刻的 25. incompatible 不和适宜的 26. indifferent 冷漠的 27. indispensable 不可或缺的 28. inexhaustible 取之不尽的 29. infectious 传染性的 30. influential 有影响力的 31. inhumane 不人道的 32. innocent 多管闲事的, 无辜的 33. instructive 智力的 34. intellectual 智力的 35. interpersonal 人际间的 36. irreparable 不可弥补的 37. luxurious 奢侈的 38. mature 成熟的 39. misleading 误导的 40. misrepresented 不如实叙述的 41. money-oriented 拜金的 42. nourishing 有营养的 43. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 44. perilous 危险的 45. permissive 宽容的;许可的 46. pornographic 色情的
托福综合写作7范文托福作文的综合写作应该写托福作文写作应该分为三个层次，也就是我们确定中心思想后应该找三个理由来支持。托福写作还有一个五段论，第一段为中心思想，二三四为支持段落，第五段总结观点。这个就是所谓的八股文。但是形式不能太明显，在表达中多加入自己的思想，八股文的形式会隐晦一些。一般这种写作可以助你在托福作文中取得高分。 构建综合写作整体，你可以从以下这几个方面入手：第一，将听力及阅读中的核心观点提炼出来，并指明对应的两个观点是支持还是对立；第二，分为几个段落，分别从不同角度总结出两个观点的论据。最后，重申主要论证观点并注意切忌掺加个人观点。听力结束后，考生还会有时间回看阅读文章，所以不用完整记忆阅读文章的论点和论据，记下核心即可。 有问题，可以再问我。 我觉得 ___老师讲的不太对，我自己本身也在 ___培训过，感觉他们讲的方法都是很过时的方法，不太适用于新托福的考试。下面是我自己考了四次托福的感想： 2、其实考试的时候，观点找错的情况似乎不太会发生。。。因为阅读里面都有提示了啊。。。一般不会弄错的，所以不用担心，
重点是细节不要搞错，要挺清楚细节说了那几点，尽量不要落下那个点，细节齐全 3、写得时候模板适当用用，但是表全部都用，那样文章就有点僵硬了，你自己读着通顺就好啊。 4、文章内部用词要有多样性，要适当地用一些高级的词汇，如重要的这个意思，你不要只用important, 这样显得你不认识多少单词，可以用significant, vital, essential, of great importance, core, 这种意思相近的单词或者是意群来表达，这样他们就认为你词汇量大了。 5、写综合写作最能体现你的词汇量和句型的多边性，所以不要直接照抄听力或者是阅读的内容，这样就表现不出你自己了，多看看新概念4里面的表达方法，哪些句型神马的都很好，对考试很有用！！！ 6、模板没有对错之分，你自己需要好一个模板，然后自己用自己弄出来的，这样比较好，不过这种东西都差不多，重点还是看个人的表达神马的，还有词汇量什么的。
考场上面通常我们脑子会很紧张很乱，很难在短时间之内想到好的综合写作的好的模板，包括转折句，开头结尾，递进等等之类的东西，这会耽误我们很多时间，更重要的是用平凡普通的词汇句子也会影响整体分数。以下这个模板是我在一边作文书上找到的，非常非常 好用，大家可以选一篇机经里的综合写作试试看，制定出一个适合自 己的模板，然后熟记，在考场上可以节省很多时间，同时，对字数和分数的提高也很有帮助。LZ就是靠这个模板在124的考试里在结尾没写完的情况下依旧writing部分28分，虽然没有牛到30分，但是对于上一次只有17分的我来说着实提高了很多。希望这个模板可以帮助正在努力攻克托福的你，good luck! 红色的字体是可以替换的部分。 The reading passage explores the issue of …The professo' s lecture deals with the same issue?However, he/she thinks that ?…, which contradicts what the reading states And in the lecture, he/she uses three specific poin to support his/her idea. First, even though the reading passage suggeststhat …,the professor argues in the lecture that …This is because…,which means …Obviously, the professor ' argument disproves its counterpart in the reading. Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that …,the professorcontendsthat …Then he/she supports this point with the fact that …In other words,
托福写作必备英文句型 在托福写作中，有一些常用的万能句型，跟托福写作模板的作用相似，都可以套用在托福写作中，帮助你在托福写作考试中取得高分。下面天道小编为大家列举了35种托福写作句型。 一、~~~ the + ~ est +名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read,etc) ~~~themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词 +haveever+seen( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. (再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
写作关键用词及短语汇总
数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多（大）的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见（opinion） 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO11综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO11综合写作阅读原文文本： A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature,novels, plays, and poems, than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself. While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits. Unfortunately, missing out on the benefits of literature is not the only problem. What are people reading instead? Consider the prevalence of self-help books on lists of best sellers. These are usually superficial poorly written, and intellectually undemanding. Additionally, instead of sitting down with a challenging novel, many persons are now more likely to turn on the television, watch a music video, or read a Web page. Clearly, diverting time previously spent in reading literature to trivial forms of entertainment has lowered the level of culture in general. The trend of reading less literature is all the more regrettable because it is taking place during a period when good literature is being written. There are many talented writers today, but theylack an audience. This fact is bound to lead publishers to invest less in literature and so support fewer serious writers. Thus, the writing as well as the reading of literature is likely to decline because of the poor standards of today's readers. 托福TPO11综合写作听力原文文本： ProfessorIt is often said that people are reading less literature today than they used to. What should of this?Well first, a book doesn't have to be literature to be intellectually stimulating. Science writing history, political analysis and so forth aren't literature perhaps, but they are often of high quality and these kinds of books can be just as creative and well-written as a novel or a play. They can stimulate the imagination. So don't assume that someone who isn't reading literature isn't reading a good book.But let's say that people aren't just spending less time with literature, they are also spending less time with books in general. Does that mean that the cultures is in decline? No, there's plenty of culturally valuable material that isn't written-music and movies, for example. Are people wasting their time when they listen to a brilliant song or watch a good movie? Do these non-literary activities lower cultural standards? Of course not. Culture has changed. In today's culture, there are many forms of expression available other than novels and poems. And some of these creative forms speak more directly to contemporary concerns than literature does.Finally, it's probably true that there's less support for literature today than
模板素材 一、综合写作常用词汇： 1、对材料的指称： ①听力： the speaker the lecturer the professor the listening material the lecture the talk ②阅读： the writer the author the reading material the writing the passage 2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语： ①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语： refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳 disprove + n 反驳, 证明...为误 deny + n 或+ that 否定，否认 challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(…的正确性) question + n 置疑(…的正确性或合理性) cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑 doubt + n 或+ that 怀疑 oppose + n 反对 object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成 be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对
be against 反对 be contrary 相反 be opposite to 相反 contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触，有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B be conflicting to 抵触，有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同 ②支持、强化关系的词或短语： support + n 支持 back + n 支持 enhance + n 增强，强化 strengthen + n 加强 uphold + n 支持，维护 justify + n 为…辩护，证明…的是正当的 3、陈述材料内容的词和短语：say according to the lecture (reading passage) adv. state + that 说; 陈述 remark + that 谈起，说 make the point that + 从句 take the position that + 从句 propose + to do / + that 提议，主张 maintain + that 主张，认为 argue + that 争辩到, 认为 indicate + that 表明，指出
二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge，n．知识，学问；认识；知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite．／There is no limit to knowledge．学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n．知识渊博的；有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n．博学，博识；学问；知识 erudite a．博学的，有学问的；n．博学之上，有学问的人 learned a．有学问的，博学的；精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n．知识；学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上，学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n．(哲)知识 epistemic n．(哲)(关于)认识的；(关于)知识的 letters n．[用作单或复]文学；学问；文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n．学问，知识；(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n．学术成就；学问，学识；奖学金 scholarly a．学者气质的；学者风度的
托福综合写作模板：写作经典句式 Both the lecture and the reading discussed …. However, their viewpoints are strongly contradictory for several reasons. First, the reading points out that …, but the lecturer supposes that …. And he also argues that …, thus… Moreover, the author holds that ... The lecturer, however, believes that…. Since it is …, …. Besides, the professor also refutes the idea that ... from the passage. He provides us with the instance/reason that.... In sum, according to the discussion above, the speaker totally disagrees with the conclusions revealed in the reading passage. Frequently Used Sentences 1 We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice moral values for the purpose of obtaining a little material gain. 2 It is often reported in our daily newspapers that university undergraduates commit crimes, XXX from XXX University, is a case in point. 3 According to the latest paper published by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, the number of smoking people is increasing at an accelerating speed (alarming rate), especially in China.
托福综合写作的阅读听力部分如何应对 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家一些托福考试作文小技巧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福综合写作阅读部分：寻找核心句关键词 英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局，且多为四段式(首段总起，三段分别展开)。 首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。 随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为topic sentence，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。 托福综合写作听力部分：判断说话人立场、记录观点和支持性论据
听力环节的笔记很重要，是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手，结果就是笔记做了，自己看不懂，或者笔记太过凌乱，毫无可利用性。 要知道听力该记什么怎么记，此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。"总分"表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的，那么按照我们之前分析的，阅读和听力必然是同主题，所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通，事实上，什么都不用写，镇定情绪，听清说话者的立场即可。 接着，和阅读中相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合一一对应的。 但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的，应当记的是key words，切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话，最后自己也难以读懂。 托福综合写作高分还需要提升记忆容量
2019年托福写作：TPO42综合写作阅读题目 TPO42综合写作题目文本 Integrated Writing Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass windows. There are, however, several solutions that responsible businesses can use to prevent injuries to birds. One-Way Glass One solution is to replace the regular, clear glass with one-way glass that is transparent in only one direction. The occupants of the building can see out, but birds and others cannot see in. If birds cannot see through a window, they will understand that the glass forms a solid barrier and will not try to fly through it. Colorful Designs A second solution is to paint colorful lines or other designs on regular window glass. For example, a window could have a design of thin stripes painted over the glass. People would still be able to see through the openings in the design where there is no paint, while birds would see the stripes and thus avoid trying to fly through the glass. Architects can be encouraged to include colorful painted patterns on glass as part of the general design of buildings.
1. 一般功能词汇 因果关系 →导致，产生give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt 解析：give rise to, lead to, result in表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”；prompt表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。 Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food. The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry responses from the Chinese public. →产生于result from, originate in (from) 解析：result from表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自” 例句：Youtiao originated in China. →归因于attribute ...to, blame…on, be the (main) culprit of 解析：attribute A to B表示“将A归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负 面的）归咎于B”；culprit本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（the reason for a particular problem or difficulty） 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit. →使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析：prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”； motivate指“成为某人的做某事的动机” Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money. →原因cause, reason 解析：cause指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason 并不一定就是cause.跟cause有关的几种常用搭配： 真实原因real cause,
托福写作常用连词汇总 在托福作文训练中，各位网友应该有意识地使用下列连接词，这对提高作文分数是很有帮助地，大家在练习TOEFL 写作时可以参考使用。同时大家在使用这些词的时候，必须弄清楚哪些连接词是副词，哪些是连词。 1. 增补（Addition） in addition（另外，此外）, furthermore （此外，而且）, again （此外i ，再次）, also （并且，另外）, besides 此外，而且）, moreover （另外，而且）, what's more （此外）, similarly （类似的，相同的）, next, finally. 2. 比较（Comparison） in the same way （同样的，以相同的方式）, likewise （同样的，也）, similarly, equally （同样的，相等的）, in comparison （相比之下，同。。。相比）, just as （正如） 3. 对照（Contrast） Whereas （然而，反之）, in contrast （作为比较，相比较而言）, on the other hand, instead （替代，反而）, however 可是，然而，无论如何，无论怎样）, nevertheless （然而，不过，虽然如此）, unlike, even though（虽然，尽管）, on the contrary （相反，反之）, while （当。。。时候，虽然，然而） 4. 因果（Cause and effect） Because （连词，后可跟句子或者名词）, because of （副词，只能跟句子）, for （因为）, since （因为，以后，自此）, due to （由于，取决于）, owing to （由于）, thanks to （由于，幸亏）, as a result（of）（因此）, accordingly （因此，于是，相应的）, hence （因此，今后）, so, thus （因而，因此） 5. 强调（Emphasis） Certainly （当然的，的确）, above all （首先，首要）, indeed （的确，确实）, of course, surely （肯定的，确信的）, actually, as a matter of fact （事实上）, chiefly （主要的，首先）, especially （特别，尤其）, primarily （首先，主要）, in particular（尤其，特别）, undoubtedly （确实的，毋庸置疑的）, absolutely（绝对的，完全的）, most important （最重要的，关键的）
托福综合写作万能模板：IBT综合写作模板 In this listening material, the professor made several points about ____________. First of all / Moreover / Furthermore, the professor states / claims / argues / discusses / mentions / talks / indicates / says / contends / raises the issue / demonstrates / makes the point / holds / believes / shows that __________________, while the reading passage (反对)contradicts / departs from / refutes / disagrees with / opposes to the writer’s expectation / casts doubt on / presents a (totally) different idea / jeopardizes / differs from / on the contrary / makes the explanation seem less likely / in contrast /(支持)supports / illustrates / strengthens / agrees with / bolsters / (perfectly) reinforces / presents the same view that ____________.
托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文 【雷哥托福整理】 在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。 考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！ 雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。文末教你如何使用这个材料。TPO13 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public. The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.