动名词的用法
Ⅰ动名词的定义
动名词也是动词的三种非谓语形式（不定式、分词、动名词）中的一种。与分词和不定式一样，它也不能在句子中单独作谓语。动名词具有名词和动词的特征，可以带宾语或状语修饰。在句子中，动名词可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和同位语等。此外，动名词还可以通过加宾语或状语构成动名词短语。
Ⅱ动名词的基本形式
Ⅲ动名词的句法功能
动名词在句中起名词的作用，可单独出现或组成短语作主语、表语、宾语、介词的宾语、定语和同位语。
1.作主语
Seeing is believing.
Being a teacher was by no means easy.做老师决非易事。
His having left early made everyone feel very disappointed. 他的提前离开使得每个人都非常失望。
It was a nuisance being kept waiting like that.被弄得这样等着真讨厌。
★○
1It was no use/of little use/no good/useless /a waste of time/a waste of money/a great pleasure/fun + doing sth.(it 为形式主语)
It was no use talking it over with him.跟他讨论此事没有用。
It was no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。（木已成舟，哭也没用）
It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜没有什么好处。
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2There was no ….结构中只能用动名词，表示禁止和不可能。 There was no smoking in the hall.大厅内禁止吸烟。
There was no joking with him about it.这件事和他开不得玩笑。
2.作表语
Boasting was cheating.说大话等于欺骗。
A bad habit was reading without thorough understanding.一种坏习惯是读书而不求甚解。
★动名词担任表语说，和进行时态完全相同，但两者性质不一样，且意义也不一样。
He was teaching English.他正在教英语。（was teaching 为现在进行时态，was teaching English 为谓语部分） His job was teaching English.他的工作是教英语。(teaching 为动名词，was teaching English 为系表结构)
3.作宾语
He was considering collecting stamps.他在考虑集邮。
My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。
Do you think it any good asking him for advice? 你认为向他征求建议有好处吗？
War and Peace by Tolstoy was well worth reading.托尔斯泰写的《战争与和平》很值得一读。
★○
1英语中有些动词：admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, advise, consider, deny, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, recommend, risk, permit, suggest 等，以及某些短语：can ’t help(情不自禁)，feel like, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, get down to, have difficult/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), look forward to, give up 等后面只跟动名词。
-----Would you mind my closing the window? 我把窗子关起来你介意吗？
-----Certainly not. Please do it.没关系，请！
○2
The wall wants whitewashing.这墙需要粉刷。 The flowers requires looking after carefully.这些花需要细心照料。 ○3有些词或词组：can ’t help, stop, be used to, regret, go on, remember, forget, mean, try 等既可以跟不定式也可以跟动名○
4动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would/should, 后面则应接动词不定式。
I like swimming, but I don ’t like to swim this afternoon.
I ’d like to go swimming this weekend.
○5在动词如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不
We don ’ We don ’t allow students to smoke.
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6有些动词：wish, want, manage, hope, afford, refuse, plan, intend 等一般只接不定式作宾语。
4. 作介词的宾语
Studying without thinking often leads to puzzles.学而不思则罔。
He was far from being pleased with his achievements.对于自己的成就，他并不满意。
Thank you for being with us.谢谢你跟我们在一起。
I feel like taking a rest.我想休息一下。
On New Year’s Eve some children look forward with hope to being paid more attention to.
新年的除夕，有些孩子满怀希望期待着得到更多关注。
★ 有些短语：have difficulty/trouble in doing sth, be busy doing sth, lose no time in doing sth, spend some money/time in
doing sth.中的介词常常可以省略。
As soon as he saw me, he lost no time (in) telling me the good news 他一见到我就迫不及待地将好消息告诉了我。 ★ 能跟动名词的短语：feel like, look forward to, think of, dream of, hear of, prevent … from, keep … from, stop …from,
excuse …for, set about, depend on, be engaged in, get/be used to, be tired of, succeed in, be interested in, be proud of, be good at, be afraid of, prefer …to …, insist on, keep on, spend …in …, devote…to, persist …in …
5.作定语
