一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．"xian dai han yu xiu ci"(现代汉语修辞)共有辅音音素( )
A．七个 B．八个
C．九个 D．十个
2．i和u的区别在于( )
A．舌位的高低，舌位的前后不同 B．舌位的高低，唇形的圆展不同
C．唇形的圆展，舌尖舌面的不同 D．舌位的前后，唇形的圆展不同
3．下列各项中都是上声字的是( )
A．竹、乞、宇、体 B．匹、裸、鄙、酩
C．夕、悔、寝、哭 D．屈、岂、顷、与
4．"盖"和"盖儿"两个词( )
A．意思一样，没有区别
B．意思没有区别，词性有区别，"盖"是动词，"盖儿"是名词
C．感情色彩有强弱，"盖儿"的感情色彩强
D．词性有区别，"盖"是动词，"盖儿"是名词，意义也有区别
5．与其他的"一"声调读法不同的是( )
A．一鼓作气 B．一片丹心
C．一帆风顺 D．一鸣惊人
6．秦朝的标准字体是( )
A．大篆 B．隶书
C．金文 D．小篆
7．按"六书"的结构方式，以下属于独体字的一组是( )
A．象形、会意 B．会意、指事
C．象形、指事 D．会意、形声
8．下列各组中，每个成员都是词的是( )
A．命、芙、帝 B．得、实、勿
C．仇、川、菩 D．革、坷、仨
9．下列各组中，每个成员都与合成词"分寸"的结合方式相同的是( )
A．江湖、珍宝、习惯 B．沐浴、权衡、印刷
C．呼吸、洒扫、矛盾 D．美丽、依靠、教唆
10．下列各组中，加点的词属于同音词的是( )
A．泄露天机远望天际 B．仪表堂堂医用仪表
C．文章的大意你太大意了 D．晚报开印了电影开映了
11．下列各组同义词中，属于附属的感情色彩不同的是( )
A．懦弱、软弱 B．颠覆、推翻
C．强壮、壮实 D．伤害、损害
12．下列各组词语中，每组成员都属于惯用语的是( )
A．摆架子、摆擂台 B．对着干、悠着干
C．一窝蜂、一溜烟 D．穿小鞋、顺大溜
13．下列各组中，加点的词属于多义词关系的是( )
A．这条路很长他长于写作
B．吃食堂吃透文件精神
C．信纸叫风给刮跑了瓶子没盖好，汽油都跑了
D．只可意会能说会道
14．"相反"和"相对"分别是( )
A．形容词形容词 B．区别词区别词
C．形容词区别词 D．区别词形容词
15．下列各项中，都不能受程度副词修饰的是
A．辽阔、伟大、秀丽 B．骄傲、虚心、火热
C．雪白、笔直、喷香 D．美丽、滚烫、难受
16．下列各组动词中只能带谓词性宾语的是
A．禁止、感到、值得 B．修理、成为、打击
C．喜欢、知道、讨论 D．研究、认为、懂得
17．下列短语都属于体词性短语的是
A．高大的建筑物、老李山东人、边吃边读
B．偷偷地说、光荣而正确、既快又好
C．孩子的顽皮、狐狸的狡猾、十分地精确而具体
D．狐狸的狡猾、我的老朋友小李、优秀品质和高尚情操
18．下列四组动词中，能用于"把"字句的是
A．主张、希望 B．改编、翻译
C．离开、来到 D．休息、游泳
19．下面四个句子中正确的是( )
A．政府部门要采取有力措施培养和提高干部的管理水平
B．政府部门要采取有力措施培养干部和提高干部的管理水平
C．政府部门要采取培养和提高干部的管理水平的有力措施
D．政府部门要采取有力措施提高和培养干部的管理水平
20．"早晨-上午-下午-傍晚"等时间词之间没有明确的界限，反映出的词义的特点是( ) A．民族性 B．客观性
C．概括性 D．模糊性
二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
21．现代汉语方言大体可以分为官话区和非官话区两大类，下列方言属于非官话区方言的是( )
A．济南话 B．长沙话
C．昆明话 D．南昌话
E．苏州话
22．下列各项中，都能和j、q、x相拼的韵母是( )
A．iu、uo B．ü an、ü n
C．ao、ang D.iao、ian
E．ei、ou
23．下列几组词语中，属于支配式合成词的是( )
A．关心、注意、出席、动员 B．跳板、问号、剪刀、讲台
C．吊灯、挂钩、摇篮、拉锁 D．理事、司务、护膝、帮工
E．吹牛、打气、捧场、得罪
24．下列复句属于因果复句的有( )
A．要不是刮大风，我早就来了。
B．我们出去玩一会儿吧，免得你一个人闷在家里难受。
C．大家既然已经决定了，我就不再说什么了。
D．就算小王是错的，咱们也不能得理不让人吧。
E．临时取消了足球比赛，以至孩子们一直闷闷不乐。
25．"树缠藤，藤缠树，他们两家的关系，就如同这树和藤一样，恩恩怨怨永远纠缠在一起。"中运用的修辞手段是( )
A．夸张 B．比喻
C．比拟 D．排比
E．回环
三、判断说明题（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
正确的在括号内打"√"，不用说明理由；错误的在括号内打"×"，并说明理由，不说明理由的扣分。
26．现代汉语里没有复辅音，指的是辅音在一个音节里只使用一次。( )
27．汉语音韵学传统的分析把一个音节开头的部分叫声，用来表示声的字母叫声母。( ) 28．汉字是记录语素的，汉语的语素多是单音节的，所以汉字可以看作是音节文字。( ) 29．"赴汤蹈火"和"其臭如兰"中的"汤"、"臭"词义跟今义不同，演变的途径是词义的缩小。( )
30．"培养孩子分析问题和解决问题的能力"只能分析为述宾短语。( )
四、术语解释题（本大题共2小题，每小题3分，共6分）
31．本义和基本义
32．句式
五、分析题（本大题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分）
33．描写下列声母和韵母：
（例：b：双唇、不送气、清、塞音
o：舌面后、半高、圆唇元音）
r：
j：
ü：
e：
34．列表分析汉字"装"、"堑"的音节结构：
35．把下列形声字按声旁和形旁的配合方式填入下表：
读欣星汞辨裹龚遍
36．辨析下列一组同义词：
误解、曲解
37．按下表的提示，将下列各词填入表内：
现在别人鲜明举动始终向来效用或者
38．用层次分析法分析下列短语，是多义的分别分析：
A．击溃过敌人的主力部队
B．平时从来也不乱花一分钱
C．他比你们好一些
39．确定下列句子的句型：
A．他把朋友的来信读了好几遍。
B．我们海南好地方。
C．一个月三十天。
D．呼呼地吹着的北风。
六、改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）
40．辨别下列音节在声韵配合方面有无错误，如有错误请改正：
A．波浪buōlàng
B．扉页fǐyè
C．国家gójiā
D．美梦měimòng
41．改正下列词中用错了的韵母：
A．败类bèilèi
B．黑麦hāimài
42．改正下列词语中的错别字：
出奇致胜歪风斜气格守成法棵粒归仓
43．用波浪线标示下面句子中使用不当的词语，加以改正并说明原因：
文章生动细致地描写了小麻雀的外形、动作和神情，在叙述、描写和议论中，倾注着强烈的爱憎感情，读来楚楚动人，有很强的感染力。
44．改正下列说法中的错误：
及物动词就是可以带宾语的动词，不及物动词就是不可以带宾语的动词。
45．修改病句并说明错误的原因：
储蓄不仅能使我们养成计划开支的良好习惯，而是积累资金的手段之一。
46．修改病句并说明错误的原因：
这个办公会解决了一个长期没能解决的问题，谁能否认这次会议没有取得很大的成功呢? 47．修改病句并说明错误的原因：
文成公主是一个胸怀大略、聪明而智慧的女子，她一离开长安就处心积虑要把唐代
比较先进的文化带到藏民中去传播。
七、论述题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）
48．举例说明y、w的使用规律，并解释使用它们有什么作用？
49．举例说明消除歧义的方法有哪些？
50．省略有什么特点？有哪些类型？
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.doczj.com/doc/e415683717.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.doczj.com/doc/e415683717.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.doczj.com/doc/e415683717.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e415683717.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
淮海工学院 一、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每题3分，共12分） 音位变体 亲属语言 语法意义 聚合关系 二、填空题（本大题共7小题10空，每空1分，共10分） 1.现代语言学一百多年来的发展经历了三个主要时期、结构主义语言学、。 2. 语言符号具有和的特点。 3. 人类之所以具有语言而动物没有，是因为人类具有能力和能力。 4. 普通话中“粉笔”连读时，由原来的[ f?n214pi214]变读为[f?n35pi214]，这种变化 属于。 5. 在汉语拼音方案中，字母i 代表3个音素：。因 为这三个音出现的条件是互补的，从来不会混淆。 6. 语句的意义除了由词义的组合表现出来的意义以外，还有一部分意义是由 __ _ _补充确定的。 7. 一个国家内各民族共同使用的语言是。 三、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分） 1．《普通语言学教程》的作者是（） ①索绪尔②洪堡特③柏拉图④乔姆斯基 2．关于“言语”和“语言”的关系，下列说法不正确的一项是（） ①“语言”是社会的，“言语”是个人的 ②“语言”是主要的，“言语”是次要的 ③“语言”和“言语”是一般和特殊的关系 ④“语言”是从“言语”中概括出来的词语和规则的总和 3．下列材料具有组合关系的是（） ①个、游泳②--子、--儿、--者③理由、充分④医治、健康 4．下列各词中，属于派生词的是（） ①徘徊②football ③葡萄④unhappy 5．英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是（） ①异根②附加词尾③附加词缀④内部屈折 ６．汉语属于（） ①复综语②粘着语③孤立语④屈折语 ７．从时间上看语言和文字的关系是（） ①先有文字后有语言②先有语言后有文字 ③语言和文字一起产生④没有文字就没有语言 ８．现代汉语“努力学习科学文化知识”这个短语的结构可以分为（） １
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.doczj.com/doc/e415683717.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
《语言学概论》期末试卷 1.( 单选题 ) 下列关于“语言”的说法 ,不正确的一项是 (D )(本题 2.0 分) A、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的 B、语言是一个符号系统 C、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征 D、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2.( 单选题 ) 下列元音音素都是后元音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[u, ε] B、[α, Λ] C、[α,y] D、[o, a] 3.( 单选题 ) 下列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[k, 1] B、[p, k] C、[p, n] D、[t, v] 4.( 单选题 ) 从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、音位 B、音素 C、音节 D、音渡 5.( 单选题 ) 汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别为[uo]和[te],而在实际语流中 ,“我的”发音是 [uo de],这是语流音变中的( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、顺同化现象 B、逆同化现象 C、弱化现象 D、异化现象 6.( 单选题 ) 语音的本质属性是 (C )(本题 2.0 分) A、物理属性 B、生理属性 C、社会属性 D、心理属性 7. ( 单选题) 英语“ students”中的“ -s”是 ( C)(本题 2.0 分)
A、虚词语素 B、词根语素 C、构形语素 D、构词语素 8. ( 单选题) 从词的构造方式看, 下列各项中属于复合词的是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、木头 B、念头 C、苦头 D、山头 9.( 单选题 ) 划分词类的最本质的标准是 (A )(本题 2.0 分) A、分布标准 B、意义标准 C、形态标准 D、逻辑标准 10.( 单选题 ) 下面词组中 ,结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B、我们大家/首都北京
语言学概论 一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分} 1．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的辅助性交际工具。 B．语言就是说话，说话就是语言。 C．语言是一种特殊的社会现象。 D．语言具有地方色彩，说明语言不具有社会性。 2．下列说法只有是错误的。 A．汉语的声调是由音高变化形成的。 B．语言中的轻重音是由音重变化形成的。 C．音位具有区别词形的作用。 I)．音素具有区别词形的作用。 3．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．“老”可以同“新、旧、少、嫩”等构成反义词。 B．“大”和“小”是绝对对立的反义词。 C．“红”与“黑”这对反义词具有非此即彼的关系。 D．反义词“冷”和“热”具有相对性。 4．下列说法只有____正确。 A．意译词如“激光”、“电话”都是借词。 B．仿译词如“机关枪”、“铁路”都是借词。 C．“尼姑”、“和尚”、“玻璃”是借词。 D．“爱神”、“北极熊”、“超人”都是借词。 5．下列词义的变化，属于词义的缩小。 A．“meat”原指菜肴，现在指荤菜。 B．“走”本义是跑，现在指步行。 C．“江”原指长江，今泛指江河。 D．“book”原指一种树木，今指成本的著作。 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4.下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 I)．语法的聚合规则存在”ji【j头沿吉中 5．单纯阋就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 【！．词缀
英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called
最新英语语言学期末考试重点 1.What is language? 2.Design features of language ①Arbitrariness(任意性)refers to the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (sounds and meanings) ②Duality（二层性）: ③Productivity/creativity(创造性）:Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. ④Displacement(移位性): 3.Functions of language ① Informative(信息功能): to give information about facts. (ideational) ②Interpersonal(人际功能): to establish and maintain social status in a society.(age，sex，language，background，accent，status) ③ Performative(施为功能) : language is used to do things，to perform certain actions. (name，promise，apologize，sorry，declare) ④. Emotive/Expressive (情感功能): to express feelings and attitudes of the speaker. ⑤(寒暄交流 ⑥ Recreational function(娱乐): the use of language for sheer joy. (lyrics，poetry) ⑦Metalingual function(元语言功能): to talk about language itself. 4. What is linguistics? Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 5. Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive & prescriptive Synchronic & diachronic Langue & parole 6.Descriptive(描写/述性)—describe and analyze linguistic facts or the language people actually use (modern linguistic) Prescriptive(规定性)—lay down rules for “correct and standard” linguistic behavior in using language (traditional grammar: “never use a double negative”) 7.Synchronic study (共时)—description of a language at some point of time (modern linguistics) Diachronic study (历时)—description of a language as it changes through time (historical development of language over a period of time) 第四章 1．What is Syntax （句法）? Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituentssentences.句法就是研究语言的不同成分组成句子的规则 2．Four Approaches :The traditional approach传统语言观(Parts of speech、Syntactic Function 不考、Category范畴、Concord and government一致关系和支配关系)、The structural approach 结构语言观、The generative approach、The functional approach功能语言观 3．The traditional grammar regards sentences as a sequence of words ，so it pays great attention
1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.