高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解1
集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常
作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
近义词辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired
可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted
表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued
所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
weary
语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.
经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
worn out
这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
全真模拟试题
1. Although ____Spanish, he attended the course.
A. he was knowing
B. he is knowing
C. having a knowledge of
D. knows
2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t.
A. ought to write
B. ought to have written
C. should write
D. should be writing
3. Joseph was very lucky ____with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
A. to escape
B. to have escaped
C. to escaping
D. to be escaping
4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. be
5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.
A. which is
B. which it is
C. it is
D. where it is
6. He set up in business ____his own and was very successful.
A. in
B. of
C. on
D. by
7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____last night.
A. must study
B. should have studied
C. must have studied
D. is sure to study
8. Frank almost never received any education, ____?
A. would he
B. did he
C. didn’t he
D. wouldn’t he
9. Even if his letter ____tomorrow, it ____too late to do anything.
A. will arrive...is
B. should arrive...were
C. arrives...will be
D. arrives...would be
10. We can hear ____from the back of the room.
A. just as good
B. just as easy
C. just as well
D. easily as well
11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ____of paint on a clean surface.
A. coats
B. levels
C. times
D. courses
12. The small mountain village was ____by the snow for more than one month.
A. cut back
B. cut out
C. cut off
D. cut away
13. Miss Green was ____$100 for driving after drinking.
A. fined
B. charged
C. punished
D. posed
14. Modern ____perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
A. technique
B. technology
C. tactics
D. tendency
15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ____when she
was trying to go to sleep.
A. sounding
B. ringing
C. ticking
D. humming
16. Under this ____pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A. intensive
B. weighty
C. intense
D. bulky
17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.
A. maximum
B. minority
C. majority
D. minimum
18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple.
A. split up
B. broken down
C. fallen through
D. knocked out
19. The beach is in an ideal ____to draw tourists.
A. condition
B. situation
C. state
D. publicity
20. Our ____sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
A. sensible
B. senseless
C. sensitive
D. sensory
21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____because they always give him whatever he wants.
A. wasted
B. spoiled
C. destroyed
D. uneducated
22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____ a gas.
A. give into
B. give over
C. give off
D. give away
23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____with him at once.
A. peace
B. large
C. ease
D. best
24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?
—Well, I’ll have to get ____from my boss.
A. permission
B. permit
C. allowance
D. possession
25. The ____in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.
A. weakness
B. merit
C. defect
D. shortcoming
试题答案与解析
1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他
还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge 作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组h
ave a knowledge of中，所以选C)。
2. B) 【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。
【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。
3. B) 【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。
【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已
完成。
4. A) 【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。
【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，
并且是不可数名词，作单数。
5. A) 【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。
【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。6. C) 【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。
【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
7. C) 【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习了。
【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。
8. B) 【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?
【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。
9. C) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。
【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。10. C) 【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很
清楚。
【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好”。
11. A) 【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses
意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。
12. C) 【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。
【难点】cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cut off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。
13. A) 【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。
【难点】fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;punish 意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。
14. B) 【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。
【难点】technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。
15. C) 【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。
【难点】sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick
意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。
16. C) 【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。
【难点】intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨重的”;intense 意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。
17. C) 【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了
自己的生活水平。
【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority 意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。
18. A) 【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。
【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮掉；(健康)变得
衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。
19. B) 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。
【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。
20. D) 【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。
【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。
21. B) 【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。
【难点】waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏；
毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。
22. C) 【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。
【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付，交托”；give off意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。
23. C) 【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。
【难点】at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。
24. A) 【句意】——你明天能休一天吗?——呵，我要征得老板的允许。
【难点】permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession 意为“拥有”。
25. C) 【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。
【难点】weakness意为“弱点；嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。
高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解3
关于dare的意义和用法
作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如：
I dare not go there.
How dare he say such rude things about me?
dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：
Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.
dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如：
He does not dare (to) answer.
Does she dare (to) go there alone?
近义词辨析
besides, but, except, except for这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。
besides
“除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。
Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?
but
不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all,
anybody等连用。
He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。
except
不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。
They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。
except for
常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物
之间不具有共同属性或性质。
The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。
全真模拟试题
1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed
B. robbed
C. to have been robbed
D. having been robbed
2. ____before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success.
A. Though having never acted
B. As he had never acted
C. Despite he had never acted
D. In spite of his never having acted
3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population ____in
cities rather than in the country.
A. are living
B. will be living
C. have lived
D. will have lived
4. Mr. Milton prefers to resign ____part in such dishonest business deals.
A. than take
B. than to take
C. rather than take
D. rather than to take
5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.
A. it is
B. as is
C. there is
D. what is
6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.
A. being there
B. should there be
C. there was
D. there have been
7. Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to make his language ____.
A. as other people
B. as other people’s
C. like other people
D. like other people’s
8. Clothing made of plastic fibres has certain advantages over ____ made of natural fibres
like cotton, wool, or silk.
A. one
B. the one
C. that
D. what
9. The treasury issued an order stating that ____land purchased from the government had to be paid for in gold and silver.
A. henceforth
B. moreover
C. whereby
D. however
10. The students expected there ____more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A. is
B. being
C. have been
D. to be
11. It was during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction work that ____into hard currency.
A. translates
B. transfers
C. transplants
D. transmits
12. In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topics ____or may give you a choice of
topics to write about.
A. in advance
B. ahead of
C. above all
D. right away
13. It was the driver’s ____that caused him to step on the gas instead of the brake after
his car went over the curb.
A. fraud
B. alarm
C. terror
D. panic
14. Danny left this ____message on my answering mach ine:
“I must see you. Meet me at twelve o’clock.” Did he mean noon or midnight?
A. ambiguous
B. responsible
C. implicit
D. thoughtful
15. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all ____
A. reserved for
B. engaged in
C. used up
D. taken up
16. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for she can’t ____this loud noise any longer.
A. come up with
B. catch up with
C. keep up with
D. put up with
17. Tom ____his new job with confidence.
A. set out
B. set off
C. set up
D. set about
18. The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed ____
A. range
B. limit
C. rule
D. regulation
19. The crippled Jack proudly walked with a ____to the platform to join the children.
A. jump
B. limp
C. hop
D. jog
20. He cannot ____ a car, for he does not earn much money.
A. obtain
B. afford
C. donate
D. consume
21. The message is clear: Just as tea and banana cant’t go together, ______ sho
uld the son of a low class family expect to marry the daughter of a nobleman.
A. either
B. not
C. neither
D. nor
22. Though ____rich, she was better off than at any other period in her life.
A. by means of
B. within her means
C. by all means
D. by no means
23. It is a(n) ____attitude to take towards life.
A. absurd
B. silly
C. stupid
D. authentic
24. Every year, one student in our high school wins a scholarship that ____one year of college.
A. improves
B. subsidizes
C. obliges
D. inflicts
25. He wrote the book in ____with his wife.
A. proportion
B. installment
C. correspondence
D. collaboration
试题答案与解析
1. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨
天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。
【难点】动词不定式的完成式做主语的补足语，说明不定式的行为发生在谓语动作之前。
2. D) 【句意】虽然他以前从未表演过，但他为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。【难点】in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词或名词性短语，引导出来状语。选项A )没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B)是原因状语从句，选项C)的despite不能引导状语从句，因为它是介词。
3. B) 【句意】到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。【难点】因为时间状语by the middle of the 21st century指的是将来，所以选将来进行时。
4. C) 【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这种不诚实的商业交易。
【难点】prefer意为“宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.意为“宁愿…而不愿…”，rather than后接不带to的不定式。
5. C) 【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。【难点】在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略。
6. B) 【句意】如果突然出现巨大的噪音，这些动物真的有可能受到惊吓。
【难点】该句是一个省略if的倒装的虚拟条件句，可还原为“if there should be...”。7. D) 【句意】一点一点地，儿童就会将自己的语言作些必要的修改，而使之与他人的语言相像。
【难点】as和like都可以表示“像…一样”，但as是连词，后跟从句，like是介词，后
跟名词或名词性短语。
8. C) 【句意】用塑料纤维制成的衣服比用棉花、羊毛或丝绸等天然纤维制成的衣服有些优势。
【难点】clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，不能用one或the one来指代。what相当于“先行词+that”，后边要接从句。所以只能用that指代clothing。
9. A) 【句意】财政部发布命令，从即日起，向政府购买土地须以金、银支付。
【难点】henceforth意为“从今以后”，符合题意要求。
10. D) 【句意】学生们期望期末考试前能有更多的复习课。
【难点】动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语，因此，只有D)为正确
11. A) 【句意】暑假期间，我们第一次尝到了
把劳动变成货币的滋味。
【难点】translate意为“变换，把…转化成”；transfer意为“移交，迁移”；transplant
意为“移植(器官)”；transmit意为“传染(疾病)，传达(知识)”。
12. A) 【句意】在有些情况下，你的导师会事先告诉你题目或把题目给你由你选写。【难点】in advance意为“事先，预先”；ahead of意为“”；above all意为“尤其，最重要的是”；right away意为“立刻；马上”。
13. D) 【句意】车上了马路边后，司机由于惊慌，没踩刹车，却踩了油门。
【难点】panic意为“惊慌，慌乱”；fraud意为“欺骗，骗局”；alarm意为“警报”；terror 意为“恐怖”。
14. A) 【句意】丹尼在我们回答机上留下一条模棱两可的信息：“我必须见你。12点
来接我。”他是说中午还是半夜?
【难点】ambiguous意为“模棱两可的；含糊的”；responsible意为“负
责的”；implicit意为“暗含的”；thoughtful意为“沉思的，思考的”。
15. D) 【句意】我们要找个桌子坐下，可是所有餐桌都已有人。
【难点】take up意为“占去(时间、地方、注意力等)”；reserve for意为“为…留出，保留”；engage in意为“从事；参加”；use up意为“用完，用光；耗尽”。
16. D) 【句意】她将不得不去别处找工作，因为她再也不能忍受这么大的噪音。【难点】put up with意为“忍受，容忍”；come up with意为“(针对问题、挑战)提出，想出”；catch up with意为“赶上”；keep up with意为“跟上(人、潮流、形势等)”。
17. D) 【句意】汤姆满怀信心地投入新的工作。
【难点】set about意为“开始；着手”；set out意为“开始”，常与as, in, on连用；set off 意为“(使)做某事”；set up意为“开业，开始经商”。
18. B) 【句意】卡车司机因超速而被罚款。
【难点】limit意为“限制；界限”；range意为“(知识、知觉、听觉等的)范围”；regulation 意为“规定，规则”；rule和regulation是近义词，意为“规定，规章”。
19. B) 【句意】跛脚的杰克充满自豪，一颠一跛地走上台，加入孩子们的行列。【难点】limp意为“跛行”；jump意为“跳，跃”；hop意为“(人们)单足跳”；jog意为
“慢跑；缓行”。
20. B) 【句意】他买不起小汽车，因为他挣钱不多。
【难点】afford意为“买得起”；obtain意为“得到，获得”；donate意为“捐，赠”；consume 意为“消耗，耗尽”。
21. C) 【句意】这是明摆着的事：就像茶叶和香蕉不相搭配一样，下层阶级家庭的儿子
也不可能指望娶一个贵族的女儿。
【难点】neither用于否定句之后，意为“…亦不…”；either用于否定句，意为“(二者之中的)任何一方(不)…”nor意为“…也不…(置于否定句之后)”；not在本句中说不通。
22. D) 【句意】虽谈不上有钱，但她目前的境况比以往任何时候都要好。
【难点】by no means意为“一点也不…”；by means of意为“用，依靠”；within one’s means不是固定短语；by all means意为“无论如何，务必”。
23. A) 【句意】这是一种荒唐的生活态度。
【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的；滑稽可笑的”；silly意为“傻的；愚蠢的”；stupid意为“笨的，麻木的”；authentic意为“可靠的；真诚的；真的”
24. B) 【句意】每年，我们学校会有一名同学获得一笔奖学金作为一年的大学生活补贴。
【难点】subsidize意为“给…津贴；资助”；improve意为“改进，改善”；oblige意为“施恩惠于，帮…忙”；inflict意为“予以(打击)；使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)”。
25. D) 【句意】他和妻子合作写了一本书。
【难点】collaboration意为“合作；协作”，in collaboration with为固定搭配；proportion 意为“比例”；installment意为“分期付款”；correspondence意为“符合；一致”
高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解4
定语从句中关系代词
that的用法
1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如：
They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.
2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如：
He is the best student that I have ever met.
3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。如
：
What is it that he wants?
4)在only, all, little的后面
This is all that I know.
5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。如：
There is no person that is always in the right.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
近义词辨析
beautiful, good looking, handsome, lovely, pretty
这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。
beautiful
指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐，而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦，在同类
词中层次最高。
She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂
亮了。
good lookingl
不如handsome, pretty意思强烈，指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。
That good looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那
个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。
handsome
通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人
如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求，但不激发更深层的感受。
He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。
lovely
比感官的快乐更进一步，是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦，指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。
Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。
pretty
也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影
响力的事物，多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长，使人容
易接受并喜爱。
Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男
朋友觉得
她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。
全真模拟试题
1. Evidence came up ____specific sounds a
re recognized by babies as young as six months old.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. whose
2. I understand ____preparation that staff must put i
n under pressure to meet the deadline.
A. more than the enormous amount of
B. better than most the enormous number of
C. better than most the enormous amount of
D. fewer than the number of
3. I’m sure your suggestion will ____the problem.
A. contribute to solving
B. be contributed to solve
C. contribute to solve
D. be contributed to solving
4. In 1840, both Lucretian Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton resented ______proper seating at the World’s Anti slavery convention in London because of their sex
A. refusing
B. to be refused
C. being refused
D. having refused
5. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ____before the West was settled.
A. could
B. did
C. would
D. was
6. You should have put the milk into the ice box, I expect it ____undrinkable.
A. became
B. had become
C. has become
D. becomes
7. It’s no good ____him. He is always indifferent tow ards others’matters.
A. to turn to
B. turning to
C. turn to
D. turned to
8. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with lessemphasis on pressure ____ .
A. than more on efficiency
B. and more on efficiency
C. and more efficiency
D. than efficiency
9. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children ____it by mistake.
A. took
B. should take
C. had taken
D. would take
10. The earnings of women are well below that of men ____educational differences that
are diminishing between the two sexes.
A. although
B. though
C. despite of
D. in spite of
11. Many automobile accidents were ____careless driving.
A. attributed to
B. resulted in
C. contributed to
D. raised from
12. The actress wanted a hat to ____her dress.
A. go by
B. go through
C. go out
D. go with
13. It takes a lot of____to put on a school play such
as King Lear.
A. organization
B. arrangement
C. management
D. preparation
14. The police carried out a(n)____search for the mising boy.
A. complete
B. entire
C. thorough
D. whole
15. The ____crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London.
A. valued
B. valueless
C. invaluable
D. usable
16. Tom has been a vegetarian ____principle for years
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. by
17. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ____one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer
A. see that
B. except that
C. provided that
D. except for
18. ____the water left in the kettle, the doctor put
several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.
A. At
B. To
C. Within
D. Into
19. I am ____grateful for the many kindnesses you hav
e shown my son.
A. excessively
B. much
C. certainly
D. exceedingly
20. The ____of AIDS has led to an expansion in resear
ch seeking a cure.
A. innovation
B. selection
C. proliferation
D. conviction
21. I am sorry I have no time at present to ____more
detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.
A. bring into
B. take into
C. come into
D. go into
22. When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, ____
competition can turn into disorder and violence.
A. honestly
B. honest
C. honorable
D. honorary
23. Unless all the members agree to ____to the plan
there may be further development in the course of action.
A. tumble
B. stick
C. come
D. adjust
24. You must pay import ____on certain goods brought
into this country.
A. money
B. fees
C. bills
D. duties
25. We expect Mr. White will ____Class One when Miss
Jane retires.
A. take over
B. take up
C. take off
D. take to
试题答案与解析
1. B) 【句意】有证据表明，小至六个月的婴
儿就能识别具体的声音。
【难点】evidence后面的同位语从句被全句的谓语动词came up隔开，同
位语从句须由that引导，所以B)项正确。
2. C) 【句意】我比多数人更能理解员工们在
最后期限的压力下所做的大量准备工作。
【难点】understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”。preparati
on是不可数名词，须用amount修饰，故选C)。
3. A) 【句意】我相信你的建议将有助于问题
的解决。
【难点】contribute to意为“有助于，促成”，to是介词，所以后面应
接名词或动名词，故选A)。
4. C) 【句意】1840年，露克里蒂安·莫特和伊丽莎白·凯蒂·斯坦顿因为他们的性别而没有得到伦敦世界废奴大会的席位，他们对此表示愤慨。
【难点】resent后接名词或动名词作宾语，根据句意的要求，应使用动名词的被动语态
形式，故选C)。
5. B) 【句意】作为一个国家来说，美国将不
再具有开拓西部前所具有的那种冒险精神。
【难点】从意义来看，空格应填had,但主句中have是实义动词，为避免重复，可用助动词do替代，即用did替代had,故B)为答案。
6. C) 【句意】你本该把牛奶放到冰里。我想现在这牛奶不能喝了。
【难点】从句意分析，牛奶已经变质，不能喝了，属过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，再加上by now是现在完成时的典型时间状语，故选C)
7. B) 【句意】向他求助没用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。
【难点】It is no good doing sth是一个常见的句型，意为“做…没用”，no good后面应接动名词形式。
8. B) 【句意】有些公司采用弹性工作时间制，更注重效率，而不是压力。
【难点】pressure和efficiency处于并列的位置，所以正确答案是B)。an d more on
efficiency,即more(emphasis) on efficiency。
9. B) 【句意】她总是把自己的药放到搁架上以免孩子错拿。
【难点】lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形。
10. D) 【句意】尽管两性之间所受教育的差别
正在缩小，妇女的收入仍大大低于男人的收入。
【难点】四个选项中只有in spite of后可接名词，despite不能和of连用，although和though 是连词，后接从句。
11. A) 【句意】许多汽车交通事故都起因于莽撞驾车。
【难点】attribute to意为“把…归因于；contribute to意为“有助于，促成”；result in 意为“导致，结果造成”；raise from不是固定搭配。
12. D) 【句意】那个女演员想要一个与她的连衣裙相配的帽子。
【难点】go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时”。
13. A) 【句意】上演《李尔王》这样一部校园剧需要大量的组织工作。
【难点】organization意为“组织(行为)”；arrangement意为“安排”
；management意为“经营，管理”；preparation意为“准备(状态)；准备工作”。
14. C) 【句意】警方为寻找失踪的男孩进行了一次彻底搜寻。
【难点】thorough意为“彻底的”；complete意为“完全的，全部的”；entire意为“整个的，全部的”；whole意为“全体的，全部的”。
15. C) 【句意】那些无价的皇冠珠宝保存在伦敦塔里。
【难点】invaluable意为“非常宝贵的，无价的”；valued意为“受重视的；宝贵的”；valueless意为“没有价值的，毫无用处的”；usable意为“可用的，能用的”。
16. B) 【句意】多年来，汤姆一直是一个按原
则行事的素食者。
【难点】on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle
意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。for和by不与principle搭配。
17. D) 【句意】当我下车走在他们中间的时候
，除了一个老头不满地摇了摇头，大家都开始欢呼。
【难点】except for意为“除…以外”，后接名词；see that意为“留意…；负责…；务必…”；except that意为“除去…之外”后接句子；provided that意为“倘若，在…条件下”。
18. D) 【句意】那位医生打开手帕里包着的几样东西，放入了壶内剩下的水里。
【难点】为强调放入水中，把地点状语放到了句首。
19. D) 【句意】我非常感激你给我儿子的那么多照顾。
【难点】exceedingly意为“非常，极其”；excessively意为“过多地，过分地”；much 常以too much,so much,very much的形式出现；certainly意为“无疑地；一定”。
20. C) 【句意】爱滋病的扩散使得人们做更多
的研究工作去寻找治疗的方法。
【难点】proliferation意为“激增；扩散”；innovation意为“革新，创新”；selection意为“选择；选拔”；conviction意为“定罪，判罪”。
21. D) 【句意】对不起，我眼下没时间讲得更细，也不能把其它旅游城市给你进行一个描述。
【难点】go into意为“叙述；讨论”；bring后面很少加into; take int
o和come into与本题意不符。
22. C) 【句意】当竞争意识发展到极端时，荣
誉可能变成混乱和暴力。
【难点】honorable意为“荣誉的，光荣的”；honestly是副词，意为“
诚实地”，不能修饰名词，honest虽能修饰名词，但其意义不合题意；honorary意为“(学位、
称号等)作为一种荣誉而授予的，名誉的”。
23. B) 【句意】除非所有成员都同意坚持这个计划，否则行动过程中会有进一步改进。
【难点】stick to意为“坚持；坚守”；tumble to意为“突然察觉”；come to意为“降
临，发生”；adjust to意为“调整；适应”。
24. D) 【句意】带入本国的某些商品要交进口税。
【难点】duties意为“税，关税”；bill意为“帐单”；fee意为“费”。
25. A) 【句意】我们希望珍妮小姐退休后，怀特先生能够接管一班。
【难点】take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off 意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于
”。
高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解5
be+不定式结构
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如：
There’s to be an investigation.
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如：
The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：
You are to stand here. Do you understand?
Tell her she’s not to be back late.
一般现在时也可表达将来时间，常见于条件状
语和时间状语从句。例如：
If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it.
Wait here till the meeting is over.
It won’t be long before the rain stops.
近义词辨析
begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
begin
在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。
The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。
commence
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开
始进攻。
initiate
指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方
案。
launch
指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动，行动前或行动中有一
定的宣传鼓动。
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new
product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。
Start
与stop构成反义用法，指从一特定地点出发，由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在
口语中常可代替begin。
They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。
全真模拟试题
1. ____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite
choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been
2. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up
.
A. There has been no rain
B. Having no rain
C. There having been no rain
D. There being no rain
3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by ha
nd, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had they been done
B. they had been done
C. having been done
D. they were done
4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact
moment
____.
A. which they are happening
B. they are happening
C. which they happen
D. they have happened
5. ____me most was that the young boy who had lost
both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
A. That amazed
B. It amazed
C. Which amazed
D. What amazed
6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was
very
young, ____she was twenty five.
A. her first real success did not come until
B. her real first success came until not
C. since her first real success did not come until
D. not until her first real success
7. You should know better than ____your little sis
ter at home by herself.
A. to leave
B. leaving
C. to have left
D. left
8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____
grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well
B. just as well
C. might as well
D. as well
9. She resorted to ____when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
A. have stolen
B. steal
C. stole
D. stealing
10. The boy has admitted to ____the window while pl
aying football yesterday.
A. breaking
B. having been broken
C. break
D. be breaking
11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets
____in transit.
A. misused
B. mishandled
C. mistaken
D. mislaid
12. ____money, she is quite rich. However, this doe
s not mean that she is happy.
A. Concerning
B. As to
C. In terms of
D. In the light of
13. A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
A. calls for
B. calls on
C. calls up
D. calls off
14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop
assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last
moment.
A. in her honor
B. on her honor
C. a point of honor
D. an honor
15. This house will probably come on the ____next m onth.
A. fair
B. market
C. shop
D. store
16. George was introduced to ____activities at a yo
ung age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.
A. illegal
B. lawful
C. faithful
D. peaceful
17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more
co
mprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher
education____.
A. settlement
B. establishment
C. costruction
D. structure
18. People’s status in society is frequently ____by
how much they own.
A. measured
B. examined
C. tested
D. questioned
19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never
has his clothes pressed.
A. adverse
B. anonymous
C. indifferent
D. casual
20. There is an increasing ____to make movies descr
ibing violence.
A. strength
B. direction
C. tradition
D. trend
21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____on
the right.
A. escape
B. ladder
C. steps
D. stairs
22. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New Yor
k City.
A. put in
B. put down
C. put on
D. put up
23. Operations which left patients ____and in need
of l
ong periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and
comfortable.
A. exhausted
B. unhealthy
C. upset
D. fearful
24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they
sell
their vegetables ____the black market.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. for
25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____
of service.
A. pause
B. break
C. interruption
D. breakdown
试题答案与解析
1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目
前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
【难点】as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用半倒装形式。又如：Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.
2. C) 【句意】由于长时间无雨，田野变得十
分干燥。
【难点】该句的前半部分是There be结构，完成式独立结构形式，这与时
间状语for a long time相吻合。
3. A) 【句意】数百万次计算如果用手工操作
，那么，到计算结束的时候，就将失去其全部实际意义。
【难点】这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，
动作与过去事实相反。
4. B) 【句意】电视使我们能够在事情发生的
那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。
【难点】moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。B)符合题意要求5. D) 【句意】最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸
中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。
【难点】这是一个what从句作主语的典型句子。
6. A) 【句意】虽然她很小的时候就写了很多
短篇小说和诗歌，但她直到25岁才迎来第一次真正的成功。
【难点】这是一个练习not until结构的句子。
7. A) 【句意】你应该知道，不该把你小妹妹
一个人留在家里。
【难点】to know better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型
，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。
8. C) 【句意】既然火车一个小时以后才开，
我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。
【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。
9. D) 【句意】当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西时
，她开始偷。
【难点】resort to意为:求助于，其中to是介词，后接动名词。
10. A) 【句意】那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的
时候打破了窗子。
【难点】admit to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
11. D) 【句意】贝蒂建议我把我们的行李认真
地贴上标签以免运输中放错位置。
【难点】mislay意为“把……放错地方”；misuse意为“错用滥用”；mi shandle意为“瞎弄，胡乱操作”；mistake意为“误选”。
12. C) 【句意】就钱而言，她很富裕。然而这
并不意味着她幸福。
【难点】in terms of意为“从……方面来说”；concerning意为“关于
”；as to也是“关于；至于”；in the light of 意为“鉴于，由于”。
13. A) 【句意】一篇好文章，除其它因素外，
还要求选词优美，组织清晰。
【难点】call for意为“要求，需要”；call on意为“号召，请求”;ca
ll up意为“使人想起”；call off意为“取消，停止做”。
14. C) 【句意】对于顾客来说，直到最后时刻
才让售货员猜出她真正喜欢什么，真正想买什么，这是一个涉及面子的问题。【难点】 a point of honor意为“涉及名誉的事情”；in one’s hon or意为“为某人的
荣誉”；on one’s honor意为“以名誉担保”；an honor意为“光荣的人或事”。
15. B) 【句意】这座房子可能下月上市。
【难点】on the market意为“上市，出售”；fair意为“集市；庙会；
交易会”;shop是“商店”；store是“储存；仓库”。
16. A) 【句意】很小的时候，乔治被介绍参与
了非法活动，他受雇为毒贩子放哨。
【难点】illegal 意为“不合法的，非法的”；lawful 意为“依法的，
守
定的”；faithful意为“忠实的，守信的”；peaceful 意为“平静的；安宁的”。
英语专业四级词汇与语法模拟练习 41. My brother has decided to become a policeman,____what may. A. came B. come C. coming D. having come 42. My friend and adviser____ to lend me his money. A. have agreed B. has agreed C. agreed D. are agreed 43. A series of robberies ____recently. A. has been reported B. has reported C. have been reported D. have reported 44. “Which coat did your husband buy?” “The black one, but I____ the green one.” A. would rather have bought B. would rather buy C. would have rather bought D. rather had bought 45. I was to have a trip abroad if____. A. I had not been fired B. I was not fired C. my boss won’t have fired me D. I were not fired 46. Not until three years ago____ to work outside. A. he began B. he begins C. began he D. did he begin 47.____ that it was going to rain, he took a raincoat with him A. Seeing B. Saw C. Seen D. To see 48. If you____hard, you____in the exam. A. worked/ wouldn’t have failed B. had worked/ wouldn’t fail C. had worked/ wouldn’t have failed D. worked/ wouldn’t fail 49. When we drove to the country, we saw many ____. A. herds of cattles B. herds of cattle C. herd of cattle D. herd of cattles 50. Don’t go there this afternoon, I’d rather you____ tomorrow. A. went B. go C. will go D. would go 51. They saw a new movie at the theatre,____they had dinner at a Chinese restaurant. A. then which B. which after C. after which D. after that 52. In my country, the____ are all distributed free. A. letters box B. letters boxes C. lette r’s box D. letter boxes 53. I wish to go home with you,____? A. may I B. shall I C. would I D. can I 54. Our country is trying to____ the serious problems created by the environment pollution. A. comply with B. cope with C. cope to D. comply to 55. The thieves____the possibility of the alarm system sounding A. overtook B. overcame C. overlooked D. overworked 56. Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly____. A. imagining B. imaginative C. imaginable D. imaginary 57. She stumbled and____ the coffee. A. spoiled B. spilled C. poured D. splashed 58. A sheet of metal was shaken to____the sound of thunder. A. stimulate B. simulate C. reproduce D. duplicate 59. In today’s newspaper, it____ that th ere will be a new election tomorrow. A. tells B. states C. writes D. records 60. When he bent down to tie his shoelace, the belt of his trousers____. A. ruined B. cracked C. broke D. split
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed4418161.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址） 1.I’m looking for the _______ section in today’s paper. A. column https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed4418161.html,bination https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed4418161.html,b D.classified 2.Where can I _______ in the TV? Is the outlet right? A. plug B.paint C.shoot D.upset 3.Please put your _______ on this application form. A. site B.silly C.shower D.signature 4.I bought a camera lens yesterday. Its _______ quality is excellent. A. picture B.suit C.stomach D.optical 5.This dress is made of _______, isn’t it? A. nylon B.monument C.mutual D.nod 6.Jack wants to be _______ when he grows up. A.a bar B.a cousin C.an opponent D.an astronaut 7.She failed to call the office to _______ her appointment. A. greet B.miss C.ruin
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句 很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英 语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级 考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家 1、mary is a beautiful girl. 名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上 面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的 句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。所以，名词前 面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。如果要对名词给出 更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl. 放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。 2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well. 有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。这时，如 果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后 面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句。两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。 本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。如果明白了这个名词可 以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club. 译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属：专四专八阅读：1021 次评论：7 条[我要评论] [+我要收藏] 有关否定 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有……不…… no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 no(not)...unless没有……就不…… not...until直到……才…… 例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。 2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over,too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如： You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。 break 是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。 You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush
强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼 的大部分窗玻璃。smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。 He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题 1. ____ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to becreated C. having been created D. beingcreated 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we ____ our decision until the next meeting. C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour____ originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who to 6. ____ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
2019英语四级词汇与语法精选特训(10) 1.____ would welcome such a chance. A)Many man B)A many men C)Many a man D)Many a men 2.If Alaska ____ to the United States,perhaps Russian____ there now. A)were not to be sold … is spoken… B)were not sold … is spoken C)had not been sold...would be spoken... D)had not been sold...was spoken 3.It was after she had made a thorough investigation ____she came to know the actual state of affairs. A)then B)that C)so that D)therefore 4.____ squeezing your own oranges,have you tried buying packs of orange juice? A)Other than B)Better than C)Less than D)Rather than 5.Without air,____ no wind or rain. A)there would be B)there will be C)there have been D)there is 6.Although the examination he had passed was not important,his success____ him in his ambition to become a doctor.
大学英语四级词汇训练1200题 Test 1 ** the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. A.exhibition B.exception C.except D.reception ** the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed. A.spare B.fast C.moderate D.moral ** the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65. A.faded B.illustrated https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed4418161.html,fined D.concerned ** river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology. A.canal B.tunnel C.channel D.cable ** _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. A. bean B.beam C.bake D.battery ** making modern cameras , people began to _______ plastics for metal. A. surround B.substance C.stretch D.substitute ** the help of the government , a large number of people ---_______ after the flood in 1991. A. survived B.suspended C.suffered D.subfected ** always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. A. novel B.spoil C.acceptable D.additional ** be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefully A. sorting B.joking C.counting https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed4418161.html,paring
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
1. Would you mind ____ quiet for a moment? I'm trying ____ of form. A) keeping,to fill out B) keeping,filling outC) keep,to fill out D) to keep,to fill out 2. Mercury is different from other industrial metals ____ it is a liquid. A) because of B) whereas C) in that D) though 3. He made a hypothesis ____ the great storms on the sun create large amounts of electric energy. A) why B) whichC) when D) that 4. He had the ____ over other boys of having had very good preschool education. A) alternative B) advantage C) ability D) challenge 5. ____ went to the birthday party last night. A) Many friends of John B) Many John’s friends C) Many of John friends D) Many friends of John's 6. —"Are you tired?"—"No, not ____." A) in the least B) at the least C) so to speak D) at least 7. The notice says that no books in the reading room are allowed ____ out of it. A) to take B) take C) taking D) to be taken 8. ____ in the front row and ____ a pair of binoculars I saw everything clearly and beautifully. A) Seated,using B) Seating,using C) Seated,used D) Seating,used 9. ____ they want to the bar to enjoy a drink. A) No sooner had they got to know the news when B) Hardly they had got to know the news than C) No sooner had they got to know the news than D) Scarcely had they got to know the news than 10. At the beginning of a year, everybody ____ many plans for the comingdays. A) come up with B) come up to C) come through D) come round 答案与解析： 1.A安静一会儿好吗？我正在填表。习惯用法的考查。Would you mind doing something?（你介意做……吗？）。try to do something（努力或设法做……。） 2.C水银不同于其他的金属，因为它是液体。 A）because of因为、由于，后接名词。B）though而、却。C）in that因为，由于，后接从句。D）though尽管。 3.D他做了一个假想：太阳系一场巨大风暴能产生出大量电能。本题属同位语从句。that引导的从句做抽象名词hypothesis 的同位语。 4.B在接受良好的学前教育方面，他比其他的孩子有优势。习惯用法的考查。have the advantage over在……方面占优势。 A)alternative二者择一；C)ability能力；D)challenge挑战。 5.D昨晚约翰的很多朋友去参加了生日晚会。本句考查的是语法中名词的双重所有格：of + 名词’s ，此结构常用于表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。 6.A——“你累吗？”——“一点儿也不累。”习惯用法的考查。A)not in the least 一点儿也不；B)at (the) least至少；C)so to speak 可以这么说。 7.D告示上说阅览室的书不允许被带出去。本题考查动词的用法。动词allow后跟不定式做宾语。本题属于被动语态，故应用be allowed to be done。 8.A坐在前排，用望远镜我能清楚地看到所有的事物。本题考查分词的用法。seat一词的用法较为特殊，它的被动形式常表示主动的意义。 9.C他们一知道那个消息，就去酒吧喝酒庆祝。本题考查倒装。no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...,都表示“一……就……”。当no sooner或hardly/scarcely置于句首时，主谓要倒装。 10.A新年伊始，每个人都为将来制定了很多计划。动词词组的考查。A）come up with(提出、提供)。B)come to合计、
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第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
专业英语四级语法与词汇模拟题26 单项选择题 1. But for the accident, we ______ the task much earlier. A.should finish B.should have finished C.would finish D.shall have finished 答案：B [解答] 考查虚拟语气。 but for相当于without，if not for，意为“要不是”。用but for开头的句子就相当于if引导的非真实条件句，故排除选项C与D。对过去事情的虚拟，应该用完成时，故本题应该选B。 2. —When has the country been open to international trade? —1960, I suppose. A.Since B.In C.From D.After 答案：A [解答] 考查句子时态。 问句中用的是现在完成时态，when相当于下文的1978。since+过去某一时间点常与现在完成时连用，故选A项。 3. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ______ movie could not hold our attention. A.three hours B.three-hour C.three hours'
D.three hour's 答案：B [解答] 考查复合词作定语。 数词+量词构成的复合词作定语时，中间用连接符连接，量词用单数。故B正确。 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed. A.like B.so C.which D.as 答案：D [解答] 考查连词的用法。 此处考查引导方式状语从句的连词，空格后面实际上是一个省略句，完整形式应该是they are directed。由此可知该处缺少连词，意思应该是“以…方式”，故选as。 5. ______ the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. A.He had no sooner opened B.Hardly had he opened C.Scarcely did he opened D.No sooner did he open 答案：B [解答] 考查倒装句。 hardly/scarcely…when或no sooner…than为固定搭配，意为“一…就…”。含有此结构的句子，表示从句中的动作一发生，主句中的动作随即发生，并且当hardly/scarcely或no sooner置于句首时，从句的主语和谓语必须倒装；另外，在以上结构中，主句一般用过去完成时，从句一般用一般过去时。由此可知正确答案为B。
大学英语四级考试语法指导 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。