Exercises 2 (12 points)
The following sentences are not unified or coherent. Try to improve them.
1）I lost some important documents and found them three days later. The police had helped me.
2) Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.
3) We entered the shop, and a saleswoman greeted us, and all kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable, and a lot of customers were buying them.
4) On entering the room, no one was found.
5) Fred is energetic, capable, and a man you can rely on.
6) The children promised to be careful and that they would return home early.
7) My watch is either fast or yours is slow.
8) Glancing out of the window, a beautiful view attracted my attention.
9) If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the evening school.
10) She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.
11) To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.
12) I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.
Exercises 3 (23 points)
Revise the following sentences, Try to make them concise.
1)There are more books in their library than in our library.
2)He returned back home after he graduated from college.
3)We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.
4) The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.
5) He was asked to repeat the sentence again.
6) I play badminton equally as well as my brother.
7) These watermelons are large in size and sweet in taste.
8) Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.
9) At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course in geography too.
10) The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared and could no longer be seen.
11) What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needs improving.
12) I would like you to consider the question of whether or not you will let our journal publish your recent article on women scientists in China.
13) Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible for him to fail the exam.
14) You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.
15) In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing, a thing that occurs every day.
16) He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.
17) This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.
18) According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase production and he has no doubt about it.
19) One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are
many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.
20)Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in 1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.
21) There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that production of the factory has been affected.
22) His name is called James Williams.
23) Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.
Exercises 4 (5 points)
Rewrite the following sentences, emphasizing the main idea in each.
1)Social position, reputation, even life itself, and friends, were no longer interesting to him
after he went bankrupt.
2)China will not be the first to use nuclear weapon under any circumstances.
3)Yang alone can do the work, and there are 20 students in the class.
4) Mrs. Jones, the famous writer, was among his neighbours.
5) The students were patiently helped by their teachers and good progress was made by them.
Exercises 5
Rewrite the following passage, giving the sentences some variety in length and structure.
1) I got up a little later than usual on Sunday morning. I washed and had a quick breakfast. Then I started going to town to buy the dictionary recommended by the teacher. At the school gate I saw Li Ping. I asked him if he was going to town too, and he said he was. So we decided to go together. All the buses were crowded. We had to wait for a long time at the bus stop before we could get on a bus. An hour later we got off the bus at a busy street. There were 3 bookstores there. We went to the first one and didn’t find the dictionary. Then we went to the second one and the shop assistant said that the dictionary was sold out. I finally bought the dictionary at the third bookstore. After that Li Ping and I went to other stores and bought various things. We returned to school just in time for lunch.
Writing task
Task 1: Nowadays, there are more and more advertisements on TV, and some of them provide misleading information. What do you think the government and people should do to improve the situation? Write an essay of no less than 250 words.
Task 2: With the development of computer industry, people can now shop, bank, work and even communicate through internet at home. Some people say this phenomenon is dangerous because people seem to become isolated from each other and lose some social skills which help them to get along with others. To what extent do you agree or disagree with them? You should write at least 250 words.
问题解决型作文模板 /Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First，_________________________(原因一). Moreover，_____________________(例二) Second，_______________________(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem． /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation． Firstly，________________________(解决方法一) Secondly，______________________(解决方法二) 第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二)
By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that…. 现象解释型作文模板
英文论文格式要求 (2009-01-08 10:03:39) 转载▼ 分类：外文期刊知识 标签： 教育 论文发表 期刊投稿 学术论文 很多老师可能想发英文论文，但是不知格式如何调整，一般英文期刊格式都是国际上的APA 格式，鉴于以前曾在英文期刊工作过，所以在此贴出格式要求，这样老师们在投稿前整理妥当，通过率也高一些。要知道，您若是直接投到国外编辑部邮箱，他们是不会帮您整理的哦。其实无论是学术期刊投稿，还是其他生活类，时尚类等通俗期刊投稿，整齐的稿件格式，专业的排版，全角半角选择正确，没有词汇语法错误，都会让编辑们有赏心悦目的感觉，忍不住要多看一眼您的文章。编辑也是人啊，不要把稿件扔过去就完事了，编辑每天要干的事情非常多，你说你懒，编辑会说，对不起我更懒。 不多说废话，在此贴出格式： 英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲，它更加严谨和科学，并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式
表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同，靠左边，位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字，表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中，边框粗细采用0.5磅；表格内文字采用Times New Roman，10磅。
举例： Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks 图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同，位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure后跟数字，表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例： Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注：Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式，如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例：Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中，姓前名后，姓与名之间以逗号分隔；如有两个作者，以and连接；如有三个或三个以上作者，前面的作者以逗号分隔，最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔，最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式：
Reference Keys to Exercises 该答案适用于： 《英语论文写作教程》操时尧柯军编著湖北科学技术出版社2013.5 Chapter 2 Pre-Writing Process I. Narrow down the general topic below to one specific topic that you could write about for a thesis assignment. (Possible answers) English literature American literature Ernest Hemingway’s works The Old Man and the Sea “C ode hero” or “iceberg theory” or else II. Read the following passage and answer questions 1) A topic is a subject area from which researchers can develop research questions. A question is more concrete than a topic, and thesis statement (sometimes called central argument) is a tentative answer to the question. Natural order of the three: 1) topic; 2) question; 3) thesis statement 2) Communicative language teaching approach (topic) --- Has communicative language approach affected actual classroom activities? (question) --- communicative language teaching facilitates the teaching of reading in English classroom. (thesis statement) III. Translate the following passage into Chinese. 作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为人类宝贵的资源财富，为人类的社会进步做出了重大贡献。 专业文献已被认为是全世界的“无形财产”，因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结、概括和发展；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。因此，从这意义上讲，所有文献都是前人宝贵的研究成果和学术成就的记载，是人类文化的结晶。 IV. Translate the following thesis titles into English. 1) Charlotte Bronte’s Female consciousness revealed in Jane Eyre 2) Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers by D. Lawrence: A mytho-archetypical criticism 3) Artistic dialogues in Pride and prejudice: A stylistic analysis 4) Id, ego and superego: “3+1” system in Jane Eyre 5) The role of Dimaggio in The Old Man and the Sea 6) Commonness and uniqueness: Learning strategies of English top achievers 7) Comments on two English translated versions of SHUI HU ZHUAN: A view from Skopos theory 8) Subtitle translation of the movie Hero: From perspective of Skopos theory 9) Chinese-English translating strategies of political neologism 10) Constructionism-based innovation of CAI models for English teaching V. Translate the following passage into English. Identifying a research topic is the first step to initiate any scientific research. The next is to narrow
一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向，具体解释如下：.英语文学：选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法地运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生地兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义，不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地（如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别地（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）.语言学：选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）. 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围地选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学：翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下，对翻译活动地研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究（如“汉语成语地英译”）.应该注意地是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. （一）前置．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. ．目录：由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页. ．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述，宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整地短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在字左右关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文地中心词，以显著地字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. （二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（）、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. ．引言：主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. ．正文：论文地正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分，论点明确.行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项地序号编码
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。 撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction，Materials and Methods，Results，and Discussion)，这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。 IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题： Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？ Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？ Results（结果）：发现了什么? Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么? 按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。 英文科技论文的基本格式包括： Title-论文题目 Author(s)-作者姓名 Affiliation(s) and address(es)-联系方式 Abstract-摘要 Keywords-关键词 Body-正文 Acknowledgements-致谢，可空缺 References-参考文献 Appendix-附录，可空缺 Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定 其中正文为论文的主体部分，分为若干章节。一篇完整的科技论文的正文部分由以下内容构成： Introduction-引言/概述 Materials and Methods-材料和方法 Results-结果 Discussion-讨论 Conclusions-结论/总结 下面对科技论文主要构成部分的写法和注意事项进行详细介绍。
扉页（英文） CulturalFactorsinChinese&EnglishProverbs Translation （TimesNewRoman二号加粗居中） by LiHairong WangZhiyun,Tutor （TimesNewRoman小二居中） RegisteredNo.09 FacultyofForeignLanguages Shanghai Business School December,2011 （TimesNewRoman小二） 论文摘要（英文）及关键词 Abstract （TimesNewRoman二号，加粗，居中） Proverbsreflectcolorfulnationalculturein（TimesNewRoman四号）…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........................... .....………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… （空一行） Keywords:proverbs;translation;culture;differences（TimesNewRoman四号） 说明： 1．关键词3-5个，词与词之间用分号隔开，除专有名词外，其他单词首字母不大写，最后一个词后面无标点符号。 2．“摘要”下空一行写摘要内容，摘要内容与关键词之间空一行。
第一章测试 1 【判断题】(5分) Peopledoresearchinordertohaveabetterunderstandingofourworld. A. 对 B. 错 2 【判断题】(5分) Wedon’tneedtobecreativeinresearchasanyresearchisbasedonevidences. A. 错 B. 对 3 【判断题】(5分)
Goodresearchquestionsareimportantinresearch. A. 错 B. 对 4 【判断题】(5分) Literaturereviewisneededinsomeresearchpapers. A. 对 B. 错 5 【判断题】(5分) Agoodresearchpaperneedscarefulrevisingandproofreading. A. 错
B. 对 6 【判断题】(5分) Unintentionalplagiarismcanbeexcusedasitisnotcommitteddeliberately. A. 对 B. 错 7 【判断题】(5分) Academicfalsificationisonecommontypeofacademicdishonesty. A. 对 B. 错
8 【多选题】(5分) Whatroledoesaliteraturereviewplayinaresearchpaper? A. Itenhancesthecredibilityofyourpaper. B. Itprovestheexistenceofaresearchgap. C. Itsynthesizestheexistingstudiesinyourarea. D. Itprovidesevidencesforyourargument. 9 【单选题】(5分) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanessentialstepinaresearchpaperwriting? A. Choosingatopic
英语作文模板 一、必背句型 1. as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知 2. with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快 3. with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的 4. personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点 5. there is no doubt that…勿容质疑 6. however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面 7. as a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说 8. the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9. in the appraisal of …在。。。的评价中 11. according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly…thirdly….列举的用法 12. In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。 我认为，在对….的评价中，完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。 二、学位英语作文速成模板 1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法…… The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２.分析并举例使其更充实 The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)． In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
英语教学论文的写作方法与步骤 1、确定选题 写论文，首先要有选题，这是论文写作成败与否的关键。题目是文章的眼睛，应该让读者一看题目就能洞察出文章的内容范围。感受深则写之顺，驾轻就熟，容易出成果。 （l）选题要新颖 创新是论文的生命线。尽量写别人未总结过的东西，要有创造性、新颖性，做到人无我有、人有我新，以爆“冷门”，增强发表的命中率。 （2）大题目的论文并非不能写，但题目过大，会不着边际，捉襟见肘，往往要说的东西太多，结果是什么也讲不深道不透，两、三千字无法包容其内涵。从小处着眼，把题域缩小一些，使题目变得具体、实在，有利于作者更集中、深入地搜集材料、出示论据，写起来得心应手，做到“小题大作”，从而给读者更多有益的东西。2．构思谋篇 论文写作十分辛苦，是一种复杂的脑力劳动，需要充分准备与精心构思。在写作过程中，必须要做到： （l）博采众长，兼收并蓄。（2）搜集整理资料，作读书笔记卡片。在平时教学和课外阅读中，我们要做有心人，善于观察，将英语教学实践中有益的感受记载下来，利用报刊图书，广阅博览，摘录有关资料、信息，制作成卡片，并分类归档，以备参考选用，做到厚积薄发。（3）草拟构架，自如运筹。撰写英语教学论文时拟定提纲恰似建筑施工之前的图纸设计，因为论文须有严密的逻辑性，支撑论点的大量零散材料应该组织得好，否则文章写起来就可能松散、缺乏力度。提纲通常包括论题、论点、目录、材料排列等。拟定好提纲后，可对资料卡片进行分析，重新排列组合，抽出拟撰写的论文需要的材料，为正式写作铺平道路。3．执笔行文 写英语教学论文不是将搜集到的材料进行简单的堆积，而必须注意融会贯通，把这些原材料有机地结合起来，变为自己的东西，用自己的语言阐明自己的观点。（l）初稿：写初稿时，不看卡片，根据提纲把自己的想法、体会、感受全部写出来，每段表达一个完整的意思，写好主题句。 （2）二稿：写好初稿后，我们即可借助卡片重塑初稿，将撰写初稿时可能遗漏的某些材料安插到文章的合适地方。写二稿时，要检查细节安排是否妥贴，语言是否准确，举例是否信当。 （3）定稿：写英语教学论文最好能“一气呵成”，以免打断思路，但修改时宜作“冷处理”。二稿完成后，可暂时放一段时间，因为随着时间的流逝，作者可能会有新的体验、新的发现。为了确保文章的科学性、客观性、创见性及应用性，应努力做到内容充实、材料丰富、见解新颖、论证精辟、概括恰当、用语贴切、行文流畅、逻辑严密和结构完整。还可以请行家审阅，吸取他人的见解，进而加工润色，以臻完善。 五、教育科学论文撰写的基本要求 1、论点要明确。 教育科学论文表述的是建立在前人研究的基础之上并与前人研究的观点不同的新观点、新结论。因此论文选题一定是作者有浓厚兴趣问题，大家都关注的问题，是当今教育科研的主攻方向，具有学术价值的选题。 2、论据要充分。
英文科技论文写作与学术报告测试题答案 第一部分 1.Which of the following statement is NOT correct?（0/1分） 正确答案:In the conclusion remark or the conclusion,you can just repeat your conclusion remark as the abstract. 2.If the a reference has5authors,how many authors should you include in the reference list?（1/1分） 正确答案:All five authors. 3.What is TRUE if at the procedure to submit a paper?（1/1分） 正确答案:Usually we submit the entire manuscript to a conference or journal. 4.Which is NOT the general style of the reviewers?（1/1分） 正确答案:Implicit 5.In order to help the reviewers save time,we should 正确答案：List our original reviews and the response side by side. 6.Which one is NOT included in“logics in writing paper”? 正确答案:Good theoretical analysis 7.If the publisher sends the proof to you,when should you give a reply?（1/1分）正确答案:In about2days. 8.Which is CORRECT when you list the references? 正确答案:Every reference you list must be referred in the main text. 9.What should you do in the“Problem description and formulation”? 正确答案：Usually you should describe your system configuration,environment
《英语科技论文写作》 （封面模板） （标题例）TYPE SYNTHESIS OF ***-TYPE PARALLEL KINEMATIC MECHANISMS AND THE APPLICATION IN MANUFACTURING ***并联机构的型综合及其在制造中的应用 学院：机械工程学院 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号：
《英语科技论文写作》考试报告要求： 根据《英语科技论文写作》课程所学，结合自己专业方向，上网查阅正式出版的英文文献一篇(期刊论文、国际会议论文等)，篇幅不限。针对查阅的英文文献，从研究型读者角度读懂并深刻理解、分析，考试报告包括以下内容：报告目录：按照研究生论文格式要求 页眉：页面内容提要，不分单双页。不同内容间用逗号分隔。 翻译标题，摘要，关键词(Title、Abstract、Keywords) 对标题、摘要、关键词进行分析，说明作者为什么选择这个标题，摘要表达了什么内容，关键词的选择是基于何种考虑。(从标题、摘要、关键词的检索，能使读者查到论文，并有阅读该篇文献的愿望。) 引言(Introduction)分析：作为开篇，是怎样分析该文章所涉及内容的研究发展状况的，例如以时间为主线，以知名学者的研究为主线，或者以该领域的研究进展为主线，然后分析目前存在的问题，引出作者要研究的方向。(写出对内容的具体分析) 文中部分(Body: Materials & Methods)分析：提出了什么问题，如何分析的(采用的方法，解决问题的渠道，应用的理论和工具，得出的结果，包括数据、图、表等)。如果需要，请粘贴原文(转换成word文档，不允许用图片格式表达原文文字)并说明。 结论(Conclusion)分析：通过全文的理论分析、算法应用、图表表达等，证明所研究的问题论点正确、结果正确、代表了某领域的前沿或者有何创新、有何意义。(有些论文的结论部分省略了，和文中部分的结果合二为一。) 参考文献(Reference)：你读该篇文献、写该报告所查阅的参考文献，并不一定是原文的参考文献。每个人读外文文献，要想了解作者所做的创新工作，就少不了查阅资料的环节。对于文中的相关参考文献要查，对于文中所涉及的新内容、提出的新观点和新方法要查，对于不懂的或者文中没有解释清楚的概念原理要查。因此，不可能不查阅参考文献而深刻理解一篇高水平的科技论文。参考文献的书写格式，请参考邮件附件中的“《写作》课件：文献类型标识及著录格式范例”。注意参考文献应该是你通读过的或者部分查阅的文章、书籍、专利等(中英文皆可)，数目不限。
/Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First，_________________________(原因一). Moreover，_____________________(例二) Second，_______________________(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem． /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation． Firstly，________________________(解决方法一) Secondly，______________________(解决方法二) 第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二) By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conc lusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that….
四川外国语大学成都学院外语专业本科毕业论文写作规范 本科毕业论文是实现本科培养目标的重要教学环节。毕业论文的写作是对学生综合素质的检验，它既是检测学生综合运用所学的基础理论、专业知识和基本技能进行科学研究、理论思考与实践设计能力的重要手段，也是对他们进行初步的科研训练，掌握基本的科研方法，培养学生观察问题、分析问题和解决问题能力的重要过程。本科毕业论文是学院教学档案的重要组成部分，为了进一步做好本科生毕业论文工作，加强本科毕业论文的规范管理，结合我院实际，特制定本写作规范。 一、毕业论文总要求 本科毕业论文要求学生在掌握本专业的基础理论、专门知识和基本技能的基础上，通过查阅相关资料，有条理、有逻辑地观察问题、分析问题和解决问题。论文要求观点鲜明、论据充分、论证有力、逻辑性强、条理清楚、文字正确通顺、格式规范。同时，论文鼓励学生进行思维与观念上的创新，培养学生的创新能力，鼓励学生发表新见解；论文应该科学合理地利用资料，严禁抄袭或剽窃他人的作品（具体要求见《四川外语学院成都学院本科生毕业论文撰写条例（暂行）》）。 二、毕业论文打印格式 （一）纸型：A4纸型，除封面外，全部双面打印。 （二）页码：页码从正文第二页开始打印（首页不显示），放在页面的底端，采用“页面底端居中”的格式。 （三）字体：用汉语撰写的论文统一采用“宋体”，用英语、法语、俄语、德语、西班牙语撰写的论文采用“时代新罗马（Times New Roman）” 字体，用日语撰写的论文采用“明朝体”。 （四）字号：论文正文的字号用“小四”，章节标题用“四号”加粗。（五）页边距：采用Windows XP默认页边距：上2.54厘米，下2.54厘米，左3.17厘米，右3.17厘米。 （六）装订线：左边1厘米。 （七）行数：每页44行。 （八）页眉页脚：页眉1.5厘米，页脚1.75厘米。 （九）行距：论文全文采用1.5倍行距。 （十）对齐方式：论文正文采用“两端对齐”的方式，标题或副标题采用“居中”的方式。 三、论文组成部分 本科生的毕业论文应该包括以下部分，字数在3000-4000之间： 第一部分：论文封面页（Cover Page） 第二部分：论文题目页（Title Page） 第三部分：论文目录页（Outline Page） 第四部分：论文正文（Body） 第五部分：论文尾注（Endnotes）
国际学术论文写作与发表1.1测验 1 【单选题】 论文写作就是将研究数据转变成科学____。 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：B 2 【多选题】 什么是科学论文？ A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：ABCD 3 【判断题】 写论文就是简单的把一个个数据堆积上去的过程。 我的答案：× 4 【判断题】 科学论文，无要华丽的辞藻，要求清晰性，第一时间、第一地点，描述科学发现。
我的答案：√ 1.2测验 1 【单选题】 科学论文的结构，第一步是____。 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：B 2 【多选题】 科学研究的方法，分以下哪些步骤？ A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：ABCD 3 【判断题】 科学研究方法与科学论文写作之间有非常密切的关系，把科学研究的过程、科学论文写作的过程做比较，找到共同之处，将会收获很大帮助。 我的答案：√ 4 【判断题】 好的研究结果必然带来优秀的论文。 我的答案：×
1.3测验 1 【多选题】 怎样才是一篇优秀的科学论文？ 窗体顶端 A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 我的答案：ABCDE 窗体底端 2 【多选题】 每一个人都是“三者”____。 窗体顶端 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：ACD 窗体底端 3 【判断题】 写文章，要从“三者”的角度去考虑，必能写出优秀的科学论文。我的答案：× 1.4测验
1 【单选题】 “IMMRD”中M代表的功能关键词是____。 窗体顶端 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：A 窗体底端 2 【多选题】 科学论文是向读者传递新知识，所以科学论文的关键特性是____。窗体顶端 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：BCD 窗体底端 3 【多选题】 研究论文的三部曲分为____。 窗体顶端 A、 B、 C、 D、 我的答案：ABD 窗体底端 4 【判断题】
Research on Trigonometric Leveling Freedu School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University,Wuhan430079,China E-mail:1111111111@https://www.doczj.com/doc/e312535940.html, Abstract —As the total station trigonometric leveling can survey without the restrictions oftopography. So, we can use it to survey the third &fourth order level survey in some special areas.In this article, we propose a new total station measuring method from combining the defect of traditional measurementmethods. The advantages of this method is that it can improve the precision without measuring height of device and prism, and it canreplace the third and fourth level of measurement under certain conditions. This method can greatly improve efficiency and shortenthe project duration in the construction survey ． Keywords- trigonometric leveling ；total station ；error analysis I. I NTRODUCTION Engineering construction often relates to height measurement. Thetraditional measurement methods are leveling surveying andtrigonometry trigonometric leveling. Although the two methods have their own characteristics, but there are shortcomings.With the widespread use of the Total Station and using the track rod with the total station method to measure the elevation of the increasingly popular, traditional trigonometric leveling method has shown its limitations.After a long journey, a new trigonometric leveling method has been summed up.This approach combines the advantages of two traditional approaches to further improve the accuracy of the trigonometric leveling and tosurvey faster. This article systematically expounds the principle of traditional trigonometric leveling methods and the new methods, compares their advantages and disadvantages, and analyses the main errors and measurement accuracy in the process of trigonometric leveling. II. P RINCIPLE OF T RADITIONAL T RIGONOMETRIC L EVELING AND THE N EW M ETHOD The basic formula of the traditional trigonometric leveling: tan B A H H D i t α=++- (1) where A H is the elevation of a known point, B H is the elevation of the unknown point, D is the horizontal distance between the two points, αis the vertical angle when observe from point A to point B,i is instrument height, t is the height of the prism. For traditional methods, total station must be set up in the known elevation point. At the same time, you must measure out the height ofboth the instrument and the prism if you want to measure the elevation of the unknown points. If we can measure the elevation of the measured point while set point of total station arbitrarily like leveling surveying, instead of set it on a known elevation point, and do not measure out instrument and prism,speed of measurement will be faster. As shown in the figure 1, assuming that the elevation of the point A is known, the elevation of the point B is unknown, here we measurethe elevation of other points by total station. Figure 1. Diagram for trigonometric leveling Firstly, seen by trigonometric leveling principle: (tan )B A H H D i t α=-+- (2) where i, t is unknown, but one thing is sure that once the instrument set, value of i will remain unchanged.At the same time choose tracking lever as a reflecting prism, assume that the value of t is also fixed. Seen from formula (2), tan B A H i t H D W α+-=-= (3) By formula (3),the value of W will remain unchanged in any station. And while both A H and tan D αare known, it is possible to calculate the value of W . Operation of this new method is as follows: Shown in Figure 2, elevation of point A is known, elevation of point B is unknown, and the instrument is set up at point C between A and B. The instruments sight point A to get the reading 1V . That 1V =1D 1tan α, and calculate the value of W, W = A H +1D 1tan α. At this time related constants such as elevation of station, instrument height and prism height can beof any value, not necessary to set before measuring. And then set elevation of point Cto W , set the instrument height and prism height to 0. Then elevation of point C is known. Finally sight the target point B and measured its elevation, that is 22tan B H W D α=+ (4) Therefore, using the new method, elevation of point B is 1122tan tan B A H H D D αα=-+ (5)