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动词-ing形式用法归纳
Grammar: 动词－ing 形式用法归纳 I 例如：
Seeing is believing. I suggested asking his brother for some money. Its useless taking this kind of medicine. My job is teaching. China is a developing country. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I hea rd someone knocking at the door. ※ 动词的-ing 形式，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语﹑定语和宾语补足语动词的-ing 形式还可以在句子中做状语 While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. Laughing and talking, they went into the room. Being sick, I stayed at home. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. 注: 分词与主句主语是主谓关系; 副词放在分词之前 But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks. Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you. Being poor, the old man was happy. 1) 时间状语2). 结果状语 3). 伴随状语或方式状语 4). 原因状语 5）作让步状语 6) 作条件状语 The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= and will arrive in Chicago.) 7) 作补充说明注意： 1． with 的复合结构 The policemen made their way into the
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forest with a hunter______ (lead) the way. With his hand ____ (tie) up, he sat there. With his eyes_____ (fix) on the wall, Tom lay on the floor. With a lot of homework___ (do), Jim cant
go out with his friends. 2. 独立主格结构 If weather permits,
we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. =Weather permitting, we
will go out for a picnic tomorrow. There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat. =There being nobody in the room, come
in Eg. The baby fell from the tree, blood ____ (come) down from
his leg. 3. 为了强调与谓语动词同时发生，在动词的-ing 之前可
用 when 或 while；为强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在动词的
-ing 之前可用 before 或 after. Eg. Dont laugh, while eating. Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University. After watching TV, he went to bed. 4. 在动词的-ing 之前可用 on 或upon, 表示一.就 .Eg. On/Upon arriving in Bejing, he went to see
his uncle. 5. 为了强调结果, 可在动词的-ing 之前用 thus. Eg.
My friend Lucy works hard, thus getting praised by her boss.
6. 在动词的-ing 之前可用though 或although, Eg. Though working hard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debts.
II. -ing 各种变化形式(doing/being done/having done/ having been done) 1) 动词－ing 形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发
生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。
Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment.
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave. Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 2) 动词－ing 形式的完成式having done 表示动作先于谓语动词动作发生。
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 3）动词－ing 形式的被动式 being done 表示这个被动动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生 Being repaired, the car cant be used. 4 动词－ing 形式的完成式的被动 having been done 表示这个被动动作发生于谓语之前 Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. = Shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. 可以被过去分词代替This is one of the experiments __________(carry) on in our lab. The bridge being built now will be completed in the three months. 但是， having been done 在句中只作状语，不作定语 The bridge ___ (build) well is very beautiful. III. 巩固练习 1. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not _______. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 解析: C. 句意为：
当被警察询问时，他说他记得宴会时的情景，却想不起离开时的情景。
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remember 后面跟动名词作宾语，表示对过去做过的事情还记
得；后接不定式作宾语，表示记着去做某事，动作尚未发生。
2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise
___________. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 解析: C. 句意为：
有那么大的吵闹声，我做不了作业。
with all that noise going on 是一个独立主格形式， go on 与
noise 是主动关系，在句中作原因状语。
3. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of
the year, _______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A.
have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 解析: B. 句意为：
石油价格自从去年初已增长 32%，在 4 月 4 日已创下每桶
57.65美元的记录。
此处用现在分词表示石油价格增长的结果。
having reached 是现在分词的完成式，表示发生在石油价格增
长之前，显然不对； to reach 在句中要么作目的状语，要么与
only 连用作结果状语，表示出人意料的结果。
4. He glanced over at her, __________ that though she was
tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noticing B. noticed C. to notice D. having noticed 解析: A.
句意为：
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 他大量了一下她，注意到虽然她长得小，但似乎体型非常好。
注意空格处不是谓语，所以不要选 B 项，因为并列谓语要用glanced over at her and noticed。
此处应该是结果状语， C 项表示目的； D 项是现在分词的完成
式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以也不正确。
5. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ________ in a
year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 解析: C. 句意为：
我今天给你送来 100 美元，其余的明年给你。
the rest不是一个分词，而是独立主格形式作说明性状语。
其形式是：
名词+不定式。
不定式在此处表示将来的时间概念。
6. While watching television, _______________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard
the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 解析:
C. 句意为：
在看电视时，我们听到门铃响了。
While watching是时间状语，分词作状语，其逻辑主语一定
是句子的主语，即 we。
7. You can’t catch me! Janet shoute d, __________ away.
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A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran 解
析: B. 句意为：
你逮不着我！ Janet 大喊着，跑远了。
应该用现在分词 running作伴随状语，与主语 Janet 是主谓
关系。
8. The storm left, __________ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused
B. to have caused
C. to cause
D.
having caused 解析: D. 句意为：
暴风雨走了，给这一带地区造成了巨大损失。
此句应该用现在分词短语的完成形式表示结果。
选项 B 和 C 是不定式，往往作目的状语。
9. He got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk __________ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 解析: B.
句意为：
他为这个就业面试做了充分的准备，以为他不能冒险失去这个
好机会。
risk 后面接动名词作宾语，意为冒险做某事。
10. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the
gym for three hours just ________ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have 解
析: B. 句意为：
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 另人难以置信的是，球迷们在体育馆外面等了三小时仅仅是为
了看一看这些体育明星。
just to have a look at是不定式作目的状语。
11. ___________ more about university courses, call (920)
746- 3789. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out
D. Having found out 解析: A. 句意为：
要了解更多的大学课程，拨打 (920) 746- 3789。
To find out more是目的状语。
12. _________ in 1963, and _______ in Philadelphia,
Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent
to Barklee School to study Jazz. A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born;
raising 解析: B. born 和 raise（养育）都与 Charles Pettigrew
是被动关系，所以都要用过去分词形式作时间状语。
句意为：
Charles Pettigrew 于 1963 年出生，在费城长大，给老师留
下了那样的印象以致于他们把他送到 Barklee 学校学习爵士乐。
13. Have you seen Mr Ye today? - No, he is said _______
Wuhan on business. A. to go to B. to have been to C.
to have gone to D. to has gone to 解析: C. 此句的意思是
据说他去武汉做生意了。
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have been to 表示去过某处；have gone to 表示去了某处。
14. I feel it great honor ________ to give a speech to you.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. having invited
D. to have been invited 解析: D. 句意为：
我觉得受到邀请给你们讲话是意见荣幸的事。
to have been invited 是真正的宾语，此处要用被动形式。
15. Who did the teacher have ________ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. written B. writing C. write D. to write 解析: C. 句意为：
老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了？此句考查的句式是：
have sb. do sth. 16. Manager, do you have something _______ at this morning? - No, thanks. I’ll call you if any.
A. to be typed
B. to type
C. typing
D. typed 解析: A. 此题考查动词不定式作定语。
根据答语可知，该不定式动作不是由主语you发出的动作，所以要用不定式的被动形式作定语。
17. A television programme _________ Kim’ll fix it invites viewers to say what they really want to do. A. being called B. having called C. calling D. called 解析: D. 此题考查分词作定语。
根据句子结构分析，空格处应是定语，修饰前面的 programme，表达被动关系。
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A 项虽是被动关系，但它表示进行，
B 项和 C项表主动。
句意为：
一个叫做Kim’ll fix it的电视节目邀请观众说出他们真正想做的事情。
18. A few days after the interview, I received a letter _______ me the job. A. offered B. offers C. offering D. to be offered 解析: C. offering 是现在分词形式作定语修饰前面的 letter，与 letter 是主动关系，由于信的内容是提供工作，所以 offering 也表示进行。
句意为：
面试几天后，我收到了一封向我提供一份工作的信。
19. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _________ in art and architecture. A. expressed B. to express C. express D. expressing 解析: A. express 用过去分词形式作宾补，表示与 beauty 是被动关系，这是一个have sth. done 句式，意为使某事被做。
句意为：
每一种过去的伟大的文化都会使它的美的观念在艺术和建筑中得到表达。
20. _________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D.
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Having given 解析: A. 该题考查分词作状语的用法。
句中的主语同 give 之间为被动关系，所以应该用它的过去分词形式。
Given 所引导的是一个条件状语，其作用相当于 If it had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 即一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
21. __________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 解析: C. 该题考查分词否定式在句中作状语的用法， receive 与其逻辑主语 he 是主动关系已从四个选项中得以明确(均是现在分词)。
题干中 again 这一关键词提示考生，应该用现在分词的完成式形式，否定词 not 必须置于分词之前，故 C 为正确答案。
该分词短语在句中充当原因状语，其作用相当于As he hadn’t received a reply, he decided to write again, 即 not receive 这一动作发生在 decide to write 之前。
22. The secretary worked late into the night, __________
a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 解析: B. 句中的现在分词作伴随状语。
不能将其理解为目的状语，而误选 A，因为不定式作目的状语置于句中通常不用逗号隔开。
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动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
初中英语动词ing用法小结 [导读]动词finish,mind,enjoy,practise,keep等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考 动词-ing形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中阶 段-i n g 的情况总：一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1.Everyoneenjoys____(watch)TVintheevening. 2.Pleasefinish____(draw)thepictureafterschool. 3.Thestudentspractise____(read)Englisheverymorning. 【解析】动词finish,mind,enjoy,practise,keep,miss,hate,consider,continue, Imagine,suggest,advise等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching；drawing；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1.Heisgoodat____(write). 2.Wearelookingforwardto____(see)you. 3.Theyareinterestedin____(listen)tomusic. 4.Youcandrinkalotofwaterwithout____(get)fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：thanksfor doingsth,thinkaboutdoing,begoodatdoingsth,dowellindoingsth,succeedin doing,How/Whataboutdoingsth?,insteadofdoingsth,keepsbfromdoingsth,stopsb fromdoingsth,lookforwardtodoingsth,beusedto（习惯于 ）doingsth,devotetodoing sth,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing,makeacontribution(贡献 )todoingsth 答案是：writing;seeing;listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1.Hespendshalfanhour____(do)hishomeworkeveryday. 2.Theyarebusy____(prepare)forthecomingtest. 3.Wehaveagreattime____(talk)toeachtimeatlunchtime. 【解析】在一些固定结构中要求使用动词-ing形式。 如：havesomeproblems(difficulty,trouble)doingsth,spend?doingsth,bebusy doing,havefundoingsth,haveagreattimedoingsth,,preventsbfromdoingsth,feel likedoing,giveupdoing,findsbdoing,can’thelpdoing,putoffdoing,keepondoing,be
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一?口诀：now look listen be,动词要加ing,加了ing,不要忘了be。 二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1)—般情况下宜接加ing think…thinking sleep…sleeping study…studying speak—speaking carr\T—carrying say■一saying 2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e,再加ing wake■一waking make一-making come—coming take―taking leave—leaving have■一having 3)以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音(aeiou),辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。 这类f司有：shop, begin, cut, put, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, bug, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,等。
Visit不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ,女口：travel—travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing 女口：die---dying lie---lying 一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work ____________ visil ___________ play ___________ study _________ dance ________ h ave ______ ___ travel __________ take __________ drop ___________ sin ___________ shop _________ swim __________ lie ___________ 二.选择题练习 1 ? Who _______________ over there now? A. singing B. arc sing C? is singing D. sing 2. It" s eight <)' clock. The students _________ an En^jish class? A. have E. C? is having D? arc having 3? Listen! The baby _____ in the next room? A. crying E? cried C? is crying D? cries 4.Look! The twins ______ new sweaters?
[导读] 动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考动词-ing 形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中阶段容易考-ing的情况总结如下： 一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1. Everyone enjoys____(watch) TV in the evening. 2. Please finish____(draw)the picture after school. 3. The students practise____(read) English every morning. 【解析】动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep, miss, hate, consider, continue , Imagine, suggest, advise等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching；drawing；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1. He is good at ____(write). 2. We are looking forward to____(see)you. 3. They are interested in____(listen)to music. 4. You can drink a lot of water without____(get) fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：thanks for doing sth, think about doing, be good at doing sth, do well in doing sth, succeed in doing , How/What about doing sth?, instead of doing sth, keep sb from doing sth, stop sb from doing sth, look forward to doing sth, be used to（习惯于）doing sth, devote to doing sth, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing, make a contribution (贡献)to doing sth 答案是：writing; seeing; listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1. He spends half an hour____(do)his homework every day. 2. They are busy____(prepare)for the coming test. 3. We have a great time____(talk)to each time at lunchtime. 【解析】在一些固定结构中要求使用动词-ing形式。
动词-ing形式小结 动词-ing形式概述 v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。 动词-ing形式的时态、语态 主动语态被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式 not writing v.-ing形式的一般式 V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。 用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。 Seeking after knowledge is human nature． 求知是人的本性。 Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook． 出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。 Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth． 吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。 My favourite sport is playing table tennis． 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。 The students came into the classroom laughing and talking． 学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。 As she saw me，she came over smiling． 她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。 Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday． 康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。 行为在主要动作之前或之后。 Antonio remembered sending his mother an email three times last month． 安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次电子邮件．(在前) Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him． 李先生出去后将门随手关上。(在后) v.-ing形式的完成式 v.-ing形式的完成式由“having + v.-ed 形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework，he went to bed． 做完了作业，他去睡觉了。(先“做作业”，后“去睡觉”) He doesn’t remember having promised me that． 他忘记了曾经答应过我那件事。 She regretted having missed the film． 她很后悔没看这部电影。 I remember having heard you speak on that subject． 我记得曾经听见你谈过这个问题。 I could not recall having heard anyone say that before。 我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。
V-ing形式的用法 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语 【知识点拨】 一、动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为。例如： The news that our school won the game was exciting. 注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区 别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。试比较： Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。(当前正在进行的动作) Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的情况) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语有两种用法，即： 1.表示所修饰名词的用途或功能，意为“供……用的”。 例如： a reading room, a swimming pool, a singing competition, drinking water等。 2.表示主动和正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。 例如：falling leaves (=leaves that are falling), the rising sun (=the sun that is rising)。单个的动词-ing形式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，而短语则一般被放在所修饰的名词之后。 例如：exciting news, the students talking about the problem。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。常用的跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有： 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有 see, watch, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch等。例如：I could feel my heart beating wildly. 2. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。例如： They had the light burning all night. 【巩固练习】 I. 单项填空。 1. When she got home, she found her little son ________ on the ground, crying. A. lies B. lay C. lying D. laying 2. The patient ________ by the doctor is Li Ming’s mother. A. to examine B. examining C. is examined D. being examined
［导读］动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep 等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。 在英语教学中，我发现考动词-ing形式的题目很多。根据多年教学经验，现在把初中 阶段容易考-ing的情况总结如下： 一、一些动词后要接动名词作宾语 1. Everyone enjoys __ (watch) TV in the evening. 2. Please finish ___ (draw)the picture after school. 3. The stude nts practise __ (read) En glish every morning. 【解析】动词finish, mind, enjoy, practise, keep, miss, hate, consider, continue , Imagine, suggest, advise 等后接动词，要用动名词形式作宾语。答案是：watching ；drawing ；reading. 二、一些介词后面要加动名词作宾语 1. He is good at ___ (write). 2. We are look ing forward to _ (see)you. 3. They are in terested in _ (liste n)to music. 4. You can drink a lot of water without __ (get) fat. 【解析】介词后跟动词，要用动名词形式作其宾语。如下列结构中的介词：tha nks for doing sth, think about doing, be good at doing sth, do well in doing sth, succeed in doing , How/What about doing sth?, in stead of doing sth, keep sb from doing sth, stop sb from doing sth, look forward to doing sth, be used to (习惯于)doing sth, devote to doing sth, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing, make a contribution (贡献)to doing sth 答案是：writing; seeing; listening;getting. 三、一些固定结构要加动词的ing形式 1. He spe nds half an hour __ (do)his homework every day. 2. They are busy (prepare)for the coming test.
1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done 被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
动词ing形式的用法 动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，包括-ing分词和-ing 动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 1.一般形式 Seeing is believing. 眼见为信。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如： It‘s nice talking wi th you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。如： There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 作表语 动词-ing可用来作表语。如： This food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 Their job is cleaning the window. 他们的工作是打扫窗子。 作宾语 1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。 I warned her against driving fast. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit，acknowledge，advise，appreciate，avoid，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape，
动词-ing形式的句法功能 一、做主语; e.g. Reading good books makes us
一．动词ing形式的用法 二．动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。 学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写.travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4）以y 结尾的动词直接加ing carry——carrying enjoy——enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die---dying lie---lying 一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work___________ visit__________ play__________ study__________dance__________ have__________ travel__________ take__________drop__________ sing __________ shop__________ swim__________ lie__________
英语动词后加－ing的规则 1．英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting 2．以-e结尾的动词，一般应去掉e再加ing （1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing： write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，plane—planing，have—having，save—saving，produce—producing， breathe—breathing （2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing：die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying （3）以-ee，－oe，－ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e：see—seeing，flee—fleeing，free—freeing，agree—agreeing，hoe—hoeing， dye—dyeing，eye—eyeing （4）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing： sue—suing，imbue—imbuing，construe—construing， pursue—pursuing，rue—ruing
有时，词尾e可去掉也可保留： glue—gluing或 glueing，cue—cuing或 cueing， blue—blueing或 bluing， true—truing或trueing，clue—clueing或cluing 3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词 （1）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复： r un—ru nn ing， st op—sto pp ing， h op—ho pp ing，plan—planning，star—starring， control—controlling 但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）： tax—taxing，relax—relaxing （2）如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节，最后一个字母有时也重复： kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping，program—programming或programing （3）如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节，最后一个字母大多无需重复：
高三复习学案 学习目标： 1. 复习并掌握动词ing形式的构成以及ing形式的用法; 2. 能基本弄清Ing形式和过去分词以及不定式的用法。 一：动词ing形式的构成规律有哪些?各举一个例子说明. 例如：1. 在动词后直接加ing , walk→walking 二.动词－ing形式用法归纳 1. 动词ing形式的构成，填下面的表格 分词的否定形式： 三．Ing形式用法探究 探究1：Ing形式的句法功能 动词的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语﹑定语和补足语； 动词ing形式还可以在句子中做状语：1) 时间状语2). 结果状语3). 伴随状语，方式状语或补充说明4). 原因状语5）作让步状语6) 作条件状语 说出下列句子中ing形式在句中做什么成分 1.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin . 2.Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes . 3. Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage . 4. I heard someone knocking at the door. 5. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends. 6. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. 7. I stood by the door ,not daring to say a word . 8. The bridge being built is designed by his uncle . 9. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. 注意：分词与主句主语是主谓关系；否定副词放在分词之前
动词ing 形式用法归纳： ing 形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。 1．-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make和不及物动 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here. (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. (3)作宾语：○1作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much. ; ○2作某些动词短语的宾语。Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ; ○3do +限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing , 表示“做……事”之意。如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping this afternoon? ○4作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. ○5作形容词（be）worth / busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. ○6–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。-ing作定语时，被-ing修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．口诀：now look listen be，动词要加ing，加了ing，不要忘了be。 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音（a e i o u），辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。 这类词有：shop，begin，cut, put, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing 如：die---dying lie---lying
一. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work___________ visit__________ play__________ study________dance_______ have__________ travel_________take__________ drop__________ sing__________ shop________ swim_________ lie__________ 二．选择题练习 1. Who ______________ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep 三. 填空： 1. Miss Li _______ (like) sleeping in the day. 2. Listen! Who ________ (talk) with your parents 3. The girl ________ ( not dance ) on Wednesday. She dances on Friday. 4. He wants ________ (be) a teacher. 5. Everyone _________(say) she is a good shop assistant. 6. Can she _________ (sing) in English 7. They like ________ (read) under the tree. Look! They ________ (sit) there to read. 8. Let's ________ (eat) lunch together(一起). 9. Look! A cat ________ (run) up the tree. 10. It's 6:30. My brother ________ (see) a movie. 11. Sam ________ (go) to school at 7:00 every day. 12. Peggy is ________ (clean) the bedroom now. She is a good girl. 13. --- Where ________ Mr. Green ________ (live) --- He ________ in London. 14. --- ________ you ________ (clean) your bedroom --- No, I'm not. I'm cleaning the living room. 15. --- ________ Nancy ________ (talk) on the phone --- No, she isn't. She ________ (eat) lunch now.