2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的
2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学
3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场
4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态
5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑
out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on
6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估
7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉
8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观
va lu abl e
in va lua bl e=pr ic el es s
va lu eles s
9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.
10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言
11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的
Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient
12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料
13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体
14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗
an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.
auth or i ze
15. c om par e v. 比较；对比
c om par e A w ith B
c om par e A t o B
16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材
17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的
18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致
19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设
20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例
in c as e
in c as e of f ir e
in c as e t hat…
a c as e i n po int
c onf irm ed/s us pec te
d c as es
21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地
22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现
23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的
va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）
in val i d
24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的
inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le
25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑
26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的
r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当
ir r ele va nt
27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的
28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的
ina ppr opr iat e
It's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….
29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向
30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地
c ons ider
c ons ider ing
c ons ider a bl e
c ons ider a te
c ons ider a tio n
31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民
32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者
33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达
34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的
wel l-inf or m ed
il l-inf or m ed
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用
2. pu t f or th 提出；产生
3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及
4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真
5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地
II. T ex t Lear n ing
Cr itic a l R e ad ing
① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu ts
f or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di n
g i s ac tiv e
r eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）
本部分重点及难点：
1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor puts
f or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.
app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.
app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le
② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.
(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos e
r epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.
本部分重点及难点：
2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.
s om e tim e
注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es
3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
thos e是代词，代替前面的复数名词val ues and atti tud es。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用tha t。例如：
T he s tudents i n your c las s ar e m or e har d-wor k ing tha n th os e i n his c las s. T he val ues of the yo u ng p eop le dif f er f r om thos e of th eir e ld er s.
Your vo ic e is m or e be autif ul tha t th at of yo ur c las s m ates.
T he pr ic e of that boo k is higher th an that of this on e.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】1. T he nec k lac e her s is ter is wear ing is m uc h m or e beautif ul th an ______ w or n b y Mar y.
A．th is
B．tha t
C．thes e
D．thos e
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查指代词thos e/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使
用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用thos e；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用t hat。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词
nec k lac e，故选A。此处that也可以换成the one。
【知识点】指代词tho s e/that的用法
③ Q ues ti on as s er ti on s m ade b y t he a uth or. D on't ac c ept w ha t is wr i tten at
f ac e val ue. Bef or e ac c eptin
g w
h at is wr itt e n, be c er ta
i n th at th e auth or
pr ov ides s uf f ic ient s u ppor t f or an y as s er t io ns m ade. Look f or f acts,
ex am ples, and s tatis t i c s that pr ov ide s u ppo r t.（承上句）A ls o, l ook to s ee if the a uthor has i nte gr ated the wor k of author it ies.
④ C om par e w hat is w r itten with oth er wr itt en wor k on the s ubj ec t. (4)Look to s ee th at w hat is wr i tten is c o ns is tent w ith wha t o ther s ha ve wr it ten abo ut the s ubj ec t. If ther e a r e inc ons is te nc ies, c a r ef ull y e va lu ate t h e s uppor t t he auth or pr o vid es f or th e inc o ns is tenc ies. （承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
4. Lo ok to s ee th at what is wr itte n is c o ns i s tent with what oth er s hav e
wr i tten ab out t he s u bj ec t.
be c ons is t ent w ith 与……一致
c ons is t v i. 组成（of）；在于（i n）；符合（wit h）
T he Unite d K in gdom c ons is ts of G r eat Br it ain and N or th er n Ir e l and.
T he beaut y of th e p la n c ons is ts i n its s im pl ic it y.
T his does n't c ons is t with what yo u t old m e ear l ier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。
c ons is t的派生词：c o ns is tent, inc o ns is ten t, c ons is tenc y, inc ons i s tenc y
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】2. T o tel l you the tr u th, I r ea ll y h ope th at yo ur ac ti ons wil l c ons is t ______ yo ur wor ds t h is tim e.
A．of
B．in
C．at
D．w ith
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查c on s is t的用法。c o ns is t o f意为"由……组成"；c ons is t i n 意为"在于"；c ons is t with意为"与……一致"，故选D。c o ns is t at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。
【知识点】c ons is t的用法
⑤ Ana l yze as s um ptions m ade b y the a uth o r. (5)As s um ptions ar e wh ate ver the a uthor m us t bel ie ve is tr ue i n or d er to m ak e as s er tions. In m an y c as es, the aut hor's as s um ptions ar e n ot dir ec t l y s t ated. T his m eans yo u m us t r ead c ar ef ull y in or der t o i d ent if y an y as s um ptions.（承上启下句）O nc e yo u ide ntif y an as s um ptio n, yo u m us t dec id e w heth er or no t th e as s um ption is va lid.
⑥ E va luat e th e s our c es the auth or us es. I n doi ng t his, be c er ta in that t he s our c es ar e c r edi ble. F or ex am ple, E ins te in is a c r ed ib le s ou r c e i f the
auth or is wr it in g ab ou t la ndm ark ac hievem ents in ph ys ic s. A ls o b e c er tai n that t he s o ur c es ar e r ele va nt. Ei ns tei n is n ot a r e le va nt s our c e when the
s ubj ec t is poetr y.（承上句）F in al l y if the auth or is wr iti ng a bou t a s ubj ec t in its c ur r ent s tat e, b e s ur e th at th e s our c es ar e c ur r ent（启下句）. F or
ex am ple, s tudi es do n e b y E ins te in in the e ar l y 20t h c ent ur y m a y not be appr o pr iat e if the wr it er is dis c us s in g th e c ur r ent s tat e of k nowl e dge in
ph ys ic s.
⑦ Ide ntif y an y p os s ib le a uth or bi as. (6)A wr itten dis c us s io n of A m er ic an pol itic s wil l l ik el y loo k c ons ider a bl y d if f er ent de pen di ng o n w het her the
wr i ter is a D em oc r at or a Re pub lic a n. (7)W hat is wr itte n m a y v er y we ll
r ef lec t a bi as ed pos it i on. You ne ed t o tak e this p os s ibl e b ias i nto ac c ount when r e ad ing wha t t h e aut hor h as wr itt en w ith "a gr ai n of s alt."
⑧ B y b ein g a c r i tic a l r eader, yo u wi ll bec o m e better inf or m ed and m a y
c hange yo ur vie ws as appr o pr iat e.
本部分重点及难点：
5. As s um ptions ar e w hate ver t he a uth or m us t be lie ve is tr u e i n or der to
m ak e as s er tions.
whate ve r引导的是表语从句，不能换成n o m atter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词e v er"不能换成"no m atte r+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：
W hoever c om es to ou r par t y is we lc om e. （不能换成no m atter who…）
He wi ll le nd a h elp in g han d to w ho ev er ne e ds his h elp. (不能换)
He wi ll bu y w hate v er his s on wants. （不能换）
W hatever yo u do, I wi ll s u ppor t yo u. (能换成no m atter what…)
6. A wr itt en d is c us s io n of Am er ic an po lit ic s w il l lik el y lo ok c ons ider ab l y
dif f er ent dep end in g o n whe ther t he wr iter i s a Dem oc r at or a Re pub lic an.
lik el y 在该句中是副词
lik el y adj. / ad v.
be l ik el y t o d o s th.
It's lik el y that…
a l ik el y r es u lt
Pr of it wi ll m os t lik el y hav e r is e n b y a bout ?2 m illio n. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）
lik el y的派生词：un l ik el y, l ik elih ood。例如：
T he lik elih ood of inf ec tion is m inim al. 感染的可能性极小。
7. W hat is wr itt en m ay v er y wel l r ef lec t a b ias ed po s it io n.
a bi as ed pos it io n
be b ias ed to/t o war d(s)/agai ns t
反义词：unb ias e d
III. 部分练习讲解
P111 Br idg in g th e G a p
Dir ec tio ns: F i ll in the bla nk s with a wor d or a phr as e tha t b es t c o m pletes the p as s age. Yo u m ay c ho os e a s u ita ble o ne f r om the lis t g iv en.
解题方法：把词分类
动词名词形容词副词
def ine ac ti on po wer f ul int er na ll y
ex pr es s tear s per s on al
s hape s hap e go od
r es pond to
Lang uag e is o ne of th e thi ngs th at s ets us a par t as be in gs, one of the th in gs that es s ent ia ll y 1 def i nes us as hum ans. W hen la ngu age is us ed wel l it c a n elic it v er y de ep f eel in g in ot her s, m otivate other s to 2 ac t ion and def ine th e natur e of our r el ati on s hips. S om etim es in poetr y th e j ux tap os iti on（并列）of two wor ds or a c er t ain phr as e c a n br i ng 3 tear s to the e yes, c a ll up a whol e h os t of im ager y and m ove us de epl y. W e have s e en lan gu age
r ec entl y us ed i n t he p oli tic s of per s uas i on, us ed f or 4 goo dor il l - depe nd ing on your vi e wp oin t. W hen we us e la ngu age to 5 ex pr es s our tr ue f eel ings t o s om eone it c an op en and dee pen th e c on ne c tion bet ween us. L an guag e is a ver y 6 p o wer f ult ool. Ho w we us e lan gua ge s hapes o ur wor l d b ot h 7
inter n al l yan d ex ter n al l y. Ho w yo u us e s e lf-talk- wha t yo u s a y t o yo ur s e lf abou t yo ur s elf and a b out th e wor l d dir ec t l y 8 s hapes（塑造，使成形）yo ur ex per ie nc e of bot h yo ur s elf and th e wor l d. Ho w yo u del i ver c om m unic ation s hapes th e wa y t he wor ld 9 r es pon ds to yo u. W e c an us e la ngu ag e m or e
ef f ec tivel y i n b oth s p her es: i nter n al an d ex ter nal an d d ir ec tl y inf l uenc e t he hea lth and po w er of o ur 10 p er s ona lr el ati o ns hips a nd our b us i n es s
r elat ions h ips.
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. c onf ide nc e n.自信心；把握
相关词：c onf ide nt
be c o nf ident of s b. / s th.
ha ve / los e c onf ide nc e in s b. / s th.
注意比较：c onf id en t / c onf ide nti al
2. pr ogr am v. 训练；培养
3. m as ter y n. 控制；驾驭
4. des t in y n. 命运；天命；天数
5. dr am atic al l y ad v. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地
6. qu al it y n. 质量；品质
7. s ubc ons c i ous adj. 下意识的；?意识的
8. p leas e v. 使满意；使愉快
9. c om m and n.（给人或动物的）命令
10. k no win gl y a dv. 故意地；蓄意地
11. im pac t n. 巨大影响；强大作用
12. m atter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响
13. c onf id ent adj. 自信的；有自信心的
14. s ens e n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识
15. e lim inat e v. 排除；清除；消除
el im inate a ll gr am m atic a l m is tak es
be el im inated in t h e f ir s t r ound
16. d is em pow er v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量
注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+po w er
en- / em-常见的动词前缀，如：e nab le,enr ic h, end ang er, e nl ar ge等。
em power v. 授权，赋予权利
17. s e lf-es tee m n. 自尊（心）
18. lim it v. 限制；限定
区分两个名词lim it和lim itati on。
T her e is a lim it / ar e l im its to one's l if e.
T her e is no lim it / a r e no lim its to k nowle dge.
E ver yo ne has h is o wn l im itatio ns.
19. inf ini te a dj. 极大的；无法衡量的
相关词：f init e, f in it el y, i nf init el y
20. s tif l e v. 压制；扼杀；阻止
21. c r eat iv it y n. 创造力
相关词：c r eate, c r eatio n, c r eat or, c r eat iv e, c r eati ve l y
22. inter n al adj. 内心的；头脑中的
23. ins ig nif ic ant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的
相关词：s ig nif ic ant, s ign if ic anc e, s i gnif ic antl y, ins i gn if ic anc e
24. c om m onl y a dv. 通常；常常
25. a lter n at iv e n. 可供选择的事物，替代物
ha ve no a lter nat iv e but t o d o s th.
Is ther e an y a lter n a tiv e to go ing to t he c i nem a?
26. f abu lous adj. 极好的；绝妙的
Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons
1. c ar r y o ut 完成（任务）
2. be up to 取决于
3. ha ve an im pac t on/upon 对…产生巨大影响
4. r ub … ou t 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）
5. be in c ont r o l of掌管；管理；控制
II. T ex t Lear n ing
T he Lang uag e of Con f idenc e
1 T he lang ua ge we us e pr ogr am s our br ains. Mas ter i ng o ur la ngu age g i ves us a gr ea t de gr ee of m as ter y o ver o ur li ve s and o ur des t in ies. It is
im por tant to us e th e l angu age in the bes t wa y pos s ib le in or der to
dr am atic all y im pr ove our qu al it y of lif e.
2 E ven the s m alles t o f wor ds c an ha ve t he deep es t ef f ec t on our
s ubc ons c ious m ind, w hic h is lik e a c h ild, a nd i t do es n't r ea ll y un der s tand the d if f er enc e bet w ee n wha t r ea ll y h app ens and w hat yo u im agin e. (1)It is eager t o p le as e an d wil li ng t o c ar r y o ut a n y c om m ands that yo u gi ve it -wheth er yo u do t his k no wi ng l y or no t is e nt ir el y u p to yo u.
"T r y"
3 It is a sm all wor d ye t it has an am a zi ng im pac t upo n us. If s om eone s a ys, "I'l l tr y to do th at" yo u k now th at th e y ar e no t goi ng t o b e pu tti ng t heir who le hear t int o i t, a nd m a y not e ve n d o it a t a ll. (2)Ho w of ten do yo u us e the wor d tr y wh en t alk ing abo u t the t hi ngs th at m atter to you? Do yo u s a y "I'l l tr y to be m or e c onf ident" or "I'l l tr y to do t hat" or "I'l l tr y to c a ll"?
4 T hink about s om ething that yo u woul d l ik e to ac hie ve, an d s a y it to
yo ur s e lf in t wo dif f er ent wa ys. F ir s tl y s a y, "I'll tr y to …" a nd not ic e ho w yo u f eel. Nex t s a y, "I w il l do …" a nd s e e ho w you f eel.
5 (3)T he latter m ak es you f ee l bet t er tha n t he f ir s t one, d oes n't i t? It g iv es yo u a s ens e of deter m ination, a f eel ing th at it wi ll be don e. L is t en to the peop le ar ou nd you an d whe n th e y s a y the y w il l tr y not ic e if it g et s done or not. El im inate t he w or d tr y f r om your dic t io nar y and s ee h o w you r lif e
im pr oves.（承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
1. It is eag er t o p le as e a nd w i ll ing to c ar r y out an y c om m ands th at you g iv e it - w heth er yo u do thi s k nowin gl y or not is entir e l y u p to yo u. 它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
(1) c ar r y ou t c om m ands执行命令
(2) be u p t o s b. 取决于某人
例如：It's up t o you whet her we go ther e or not.
2. Ho w of ten d o you u s e the w or d tr y wh en talk ing a bou t th e th in gs that
m atter to you?
m atter v. be im por tant
例如：As l ong as s taf f ar e sm ar t, it does not m atter ho w lo ng t h eir ha ir is.员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。
It m atter s a lot w he ther yo u c om e to m y bir thd a y par t y or not.
3. T he lat ter m ak es you f eel bett er th an t h e f ir s t one, does n't it?
the f or m er…the la tt er…
"C an't"
6 T his is a noth er s m all w or d w it h a bi g im pac t. It dis em po wer s us, m ak es us
f eel weak and he lp les s, and dam ages our s elf-es teem. (4)It lim its our
inf ini te a bi lit ies and s tif les c r eati vi t y. Ru b i t out f r om yo ur int er n al
dic ti onar y a nd r ep lac e it w it h s om ething th at m ak es yo u f eel gr e at.
本部分重点及难点：
4. It lim its our i nf init e abi li ties and s t if les c r eati vit y.
(1) inf ini te的词根是f inite，其它相关词：f inite l y, inf in ite l y, f in it enes s/f init y, inf ini ten es s/inf in it y。
(2) c r eati vit y的词根是c r eate。注意区分两个名词：c r eat io n / c r eati vi t y。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！
【单选题】3. 选择括号内所给单词的正确形式填空：A s m all wor d lik e "c an't" lim its our ______ (f ini te) ab il iti es an d d is c our ages _______(c r eat e).
A．f init e, c r eat ing
B．f init e, c r eat ion
C．inf in ite, c r e ati vi t y
D．inf in ite, c r e ati on
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查f init e及c r eate的派生词。第一个空格要填的词作abi li ties 的定语，故选择形容词；第二个空格要填的词作d is c our age的宾语，根据句义"c an't这样的小词限制了我们无限的能力并压制了我们的创造性"，故选C。【知识点】f init e及c r eate的派生词
7 Ins te ad of s a yi n g you c an't,wh y n ot s a y s om ethin g l ik e "I c ho os e（愿意）…" or "I c hoos e not t o …". Us i ng w or ds lik e this al lo ws yo u to t ak e bac k yo ur po w er an d to be in c ontr o l of yo ur lif e.
8 W or ds m a y ap pear sm all a nd ins i gnif ic an t, ye t t he y c an ha ve a dee p a n d las ti ng ef f ec t on us. (5)Mas ter i ng yo ur l ang uage gi ves yo u th e po w er to li ve whate ver lif e you des i r e.
9 W hat wor ds do yo u us e a lot t hat dis em po wer yo u? Mak e a lis t of wor ds yo u c om m onl y us e a n d the n wr it e n ex t to t hem s om e alter nat iv e s you c a n us e. （承上句）(6)Mak e thes e a lter n ati v es wor ds tha t m ak e you f eel
f abulous, n ot on l y ab o ut yo ur s elf, but a bout lif e and what you ar e doi ng!（承上句）
本部分重点及难点：
5. Mas t er in g yo ur lan guag e g iv es yo u t he po wer t o l i ve whate ve r l if e yo u des ir e.
gi ve … the po w er相当于em pow er，该句等于Mas ter ing yo ur l angu age
em power s yo u t o l iv e whate ver lif e you des i r e.
6. Mak e thes e a lter na tiv es wor ds th at m ak e yo u f eel f abu lo us, no t on l y abou t yo ur s elf, but ab out l if e and wh at yo u ar e doi ng!让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！(1) m ak e在这里接名词作宾补，即m ak e s b. / s th. s th.，再如：W e m ade him our m onitor.
(2) m ak e you f ee l f ab ulo us，m ak e接do s th.作宾补。
(3) not o nl y…but (a ls o)…
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success
I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions
Ne w wor ds
1. s pi ll v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出
2. r es pon d v. 作出反应；响应
r es pon d to…
r es pons e
3. i nter v ie w v. （媒体）采访，访问
4. c r eati ve adj. 创作的
5. oc c ur v. 发生；出现
山东省2013年7月高等教育自学考试 英语（二）试卷[14学分] （课程代码：0015 考试时间：150分钟） 本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题；选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分；考试时间150分钟。将全部答案写在答案纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。 PART ONE (50 POINTS) Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each time) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将答案代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1. The police offered ____for information about the stolen painting. A. a reward B. an award C. a profit D. a prize 2. Please let me know if any difficulties ____. A. arise B. have C. come D. happen 3. John knows the rule but does not know how to ____ it. A. guide B. direct C. apply D. manage 4. Jack drew a ____ sun and a pale moon in the same picture. A. bright B. light C. clear D. clean 5. You may not like Thomas, but he has his ____. A. merits B. good C. advantages D. feelings 6. It is ____ that no one feels like working. A. a so cold day B. such a cold day C. such cold a day D. a such cold day 7. The boy is quite well now, ____ a slight headache. A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for 8. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of the country____ so serious. A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. will not be D. would have not been 9. John didn’t know the way to the station, so he stopped ____. A. to ask B. asking C. for asking D. to asking 10. It was not until he arrived at the station _____ he realized he had forgotten his ticket. A. there B. that C. then D. where Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下面短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。请根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并将答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 Good grades and a good job are easy to get. A good education is a _ 11 _ story. Her eyelids sank from lack of sleep, _ 12 _ Teresa’s exams were always perfect, her writings longer _ 13 _ required, and her math problems rewritten to ensure cleanness. She played the violin and the piano, volunteered _ 14 _ the hospital, participated in various school clubs and enjoyed none of them. It seemed that she was born to succeed and was more than willing to sacrifice _ 15 _ in the name of achievement. I watched her as her laughter stopped. And on Teresa’s graduation day, she _ 16 _ the valedictory medal, but her eyes were empty.
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！ 第一单元知识点的回顾 Text A 1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。 2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词， 从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。 3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。 4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语 动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等 有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些 词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。 5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。 6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。区别in a way：从某种程度上。★on the way (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。 7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。 8.★consider----consideration。注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take into consideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。 9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。 10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上 的转换。 11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。 12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里 考。 13.range：这个词应该注意经常考的方式，range from…to…，句子中经常会 出现price,或地点等波及到范围上的词汇。 14.a number of/the number of：注意区别后面的谓语动词的单、复数。 15.★(be)based on/upon：注意搭配，完型常考。 16.therefore：学会so的另一种表达方式，说明结果，完型常考(=consequently， 本词还需要注意词型转换consequent/consequence)。 17.treat:注意搭配及同义词组，treat…as, see…as,view…as;另外treat the problem=deal with=cope with。
完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实，新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位，但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note)：“（美国）工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快，以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和；大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来，改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是：随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步，那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育，以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中，我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment)，但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案（于1944年通
2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions Ne w wor ds 1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的 2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学 3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场 4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态 5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑 out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on 6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估 7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉 8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观 va lu abl e in va lua bl e=pr ic el es s va lu eles s 9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n. 10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言 11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的 Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient 12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体 14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/th e a uthor it y o n s th. auth or i ze 15. c om par e v. 比较；对比 c om par e A w ith B c om par e A t o B 16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材 17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的 18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致 19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设 20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例 in c as e
Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词
16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic only to 4itself several means of payment “would s oon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming? Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds gives consumers several days of “float”— are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. ［A］However
2013年10月真题解析 2013年10月高等教育自学考试 全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷真题解析 （课程代码00015） 本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。 第二部分为非选择题。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分） 短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。 Farms Appear in Cities When you h ear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse. Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures. That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created. 【参考译文】 农场出现在城市里（城中农场） 当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。 此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。 据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。 尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。 但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。 并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。 word “farm” may m ake you think of the countryside. Given [答疑编号0101]
Unit 2 Text A salesgirl n.女售货员 couple n.几个，一对 glance vi.看一下瞥一眼He glanced nervously at his watch when he was waiting for the bus. uncomfortable a.不舒服的，不自在的 behave vi 举止 desire vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求(官方丈礼)n.愿望, 心愿, 要求v.要求 They showed a desire to improve relations. She desires that he (should) do it at once. distant a.在远处的，疏远的 outsider n.外人，局外人，门外汉 feature n.特征，特色 mark n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号 You’d better make some marks while reading. vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号 Please mark all of the large cities on this map. adapt vt.使适应, 改编 Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? adopt vt.采用, 收养 They were trying to persuade the UN to adopt an aggressivenly anti-American resolution. accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解 说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam i nterest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We o ften hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on
辅导课题：新概念2 lesson 8 提分第一阶段：复习上节课内容和遗忘知识点 单词短语听写 提分第二阶段：梳理本节课知识要点，查漏补缺 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【课文】 Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competit ion' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and gro ws more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do n ot like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! 【课文翻译】 乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖! 【生词和短语】 competition n. 比赛，竞赛 neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的 path n. 小路，小径
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷 （课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿