自考英语二第十五单元讲义
Unit15 Text A
Four Minutes That Get You Hired面试的秘诀
resume n.简历
e.g. She sent her resumes to several companies, but didn’t even get an interview.
professionalism n.职业特征，职业作风
morals n.（pl）伦理，道德
likable a.可爱的，让人喜欢的
consciousness n.意识, 知觉, 自觉, 觉悟, 个人思想
competent adj.有能力的, 胜任的
authoritative adj.权威的, 有权威的, 命令的annual n.一年生植物, 年刊, 年鉴adj.一年一次的, 每年的, 一年生的
influential a. 有影响的
initiate vt.开始, 发动, 传授v.开始, 发起desperate a.绝望的，不顾一切的，拼命的
e.g. By then, I was desperate for a holiday. applicant n.申请人，请求者 apply v.申请apologetic a.道歉的，辩护的，辩解的
tentative n.试验, 假设adj.试验性的, 试探的,
尝试的, 暂定的
implore vt.恳求, 哀求
narcissism n.自我陶醉，自恋
comment n.注释, 评论, 意见vi.注释, 评论
e.g. When asked about his relationship with his former secretary, the boss replied “No comment.”oppose vt.反对, 使对立, 使对抗, 抗争vi.反对be opposed to sth. 反对
e.g. His view of the situation is strongly opposed to mine.
care about 在乎
drop by 顺便访问
be bound to do 一定会做，必定会做
e.g. Don’t lie to her.She is bound to find out about it.
remark on 评论，谈论
To get the right job，learn to make the right impression 要想获得满意的工作，就要学会留下最好的印象
The 28-year-old Bay Stater spent six years working at night while she attended college during the day.
六年来，28岁的贝?斯黛特白天上大学，晚上工作。When she finally graduated, she wanted to get a
teaching possession at a nearby elementary school in Boston.
毕业后她想在波士顿附近的一所小学里谋求一份教书的工作。
She got an interview with the headmaster after sending a resume.
寄出简历之后，她得到了校长给她面试的机会。
“I noticed a tiny hole in my stockings that morning,”"那天早晨，我注意到长简袜上有个小洞，"
she said. “I thought about changing, but I knew I’d be late if I did.
她回忆说，“我想要换一双，但觉得要是换的话，就要迟到了。
By the time I got to the interview, the hole had stretched from my ankle to my knee.
我到达面试地点时，袜子上的小洞从脚踝一直破到了膝盖。
I walked in and immediately apologized for not looking my best.
我进去后，立刻为自己的糟糕形象向校长道歉。
I spent the rest of the time trying to sit in a way that he couldn’t see the hole.”
接下来，我努力坐得让校长看不见这个小洞。”
The likely teacher didn’t get that job.
结果，她想当老师却没有得到这份工作。
In fact, one of her friends told her the headmaster’s only comment was: “if a person doesn’t take the time to present her best image at an interview, what kind of teacher is she going to be?”
实际上，她朋友告诉她校长对她的惟一评价是"如果一个人在面试中不花点时间来展示她最好的形象的话，她会是一个怎样的老师呢?"
First impressions are often lasting ones.
第一印象通常是持久的。
This means that if you’re viewed positively within the first four critical minutes, the person you’ve met will likely assume everything you do is positive.
也就是说，如果你在最初的关键四分钟内能给别人留下好印象的话，你所遇到的这个人就很可能会以为你做事总能令人满意。
Four minutes! Studies tell us that’s the crucial period in which impressions are formed by someone we’ve just met.
四分钟!研究表明，就是在这关键的四分钟内，我们刚刚邂逅的人形成了对我们的印象。
Within only ten seconds, that person will begin to make
judgments about our professionalism, social class, morals and intelligence.
仅仅在十秒中内，他就开始对我们的职业特性、社会阶层、道德品质、智力才能进行判断。
People tend to focus on what they see, on what they hear, and on our actual words.
人们倾向把注意力集中在他们所看见的、所听到的及我们实际说的话上。
Most employers believe that those who look as if they care about themselves are more likely to care about their jobs.
大多数雇主认为那些看起来似乎在乎自己形象的人更可能在乎自己的工作。
We know “it’s what’s inside that counts,”but research shows that physically attractive people are generally regarded by employers as more intelligent, likable and creditable.
虽然都知道"内在品质是最重要的"，然而研究表明，雇主一般认为外表引人注目的人更有才能、更惹人喜爱、更值得信赖。
Your goal should be to come across in the best possible way –attractive in the way you dress, in your gestures and facial expressions and in your speech.
因此，你应该以最亮丽的形象，即用你的着装方式、手势姿态、面部表情、言谈话语来吸引人。
Here’s how to make those four crucial minutes count: 下面的一些方法可以让你充分利用这四分钟，成功地达到自己的目标。
Look your best. It signals success.
展示最好的形象。这是成功的信号。
Studies have linked clothing consciousness to higher self-esteem and job satisfaction.
研究表明，一个人的衣着意识是同他较强的自尊心和工作的满意程度成正比的。
Yet many people fail to understand the importance of presenting a professional image.
然而，很多人不了解展示职业形象的重要性。
Forget about personal style.
丢掉个人风格。
At work, your clothes must convey the message that you are competent, reliable and authoritative.
工作中，衣着必须传达出你有能力、可信任、具有权威等信息。
Dress for the job you want, not the job you have.
为想要工作着装，而不是为已有的工作着装。
If you’re to have an interview at a company you’ve
never visited and aren’t sure what to wear, send for a copy of its annual report and study what the employees pictured are wearing, or drop by ahead of time to see how they dress. 如果你要去一家从没去过的公司面试，但不知道穿什么好，向这家公司要一份年度报告，研究一下照片上雇员的穿着，或者提前到这家公司去看看他们是怎么穿衣打扮的。
Monitor your body language. 控制身体语言。
How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer’s first impression of you.
你的一举一动都会在很大程度上影响面试者对你的印象。
In an influential study of communications, psychologist Albert Mehrabian discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a surprising 55percent from our facial expressions.
在一项影响深远的关于交往的研究中，心理学家阿尔伯特?梅赫拉比恩发现：7％的情感和态度的信息来自说话时用的词语，38％来自声音，令人吃惊的是，55％的来自面部表情。
In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put
more weight on the nonverbal message.
实际上，面部表情或语调同话语矛盾时，听者通常更注重非语言信息。
To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake.
为了第一次面试成功，握手要坚定有力。
If the interviewer doesn’t initiate the gesture, offer your hand first.
如果面试者没有主动和你握手，那么你就先伸出手来。Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it. 如果有可能选择座位，就坐在他桌旁的椅子上，而不要坐在他桌子的对面。
If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so you’re not directly in front of your interviewer.
如果必须坐在桌子对面，那么坐下时，稍微移一下椅子，或者改变一下身体的角度，这样就不会直接面对面试者了。
Monitor your body language to make sure you don’t seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please.
控制身体语言，确保你显得并不过分急需这份工作，也不急于迎合别人。
Good eye contact is also important. 良好的目光接触也很重要。
One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more careful, dependable, confident and responsible.
一项研究发现，工作申请人使用目光交流越多，雇主就越会认为他更认真、更可靠、更自信、更有责任感。Say what you mean. 表明意图。
Make the first favorable impression by making your works consistent with your body language and appearance.
保持话语同身体语言和面部表情一致，这可以确保你有利的第一印象。
If they are in conflict, your mixed messages are bound to confuse your interviewers.
如果不一致的话，混杂的信息一定会让面试者感到困惑。
Open and close your conversation in a positive tone.
用肯定的语调来开始并结束谈话。
Fox example, if you’ve studied the company’s annual report –and you should have! –consider remarking on any great progress the company has made within the past year, or cite an area of company
involvement that interests you.
例如，如果你研究过一家公司的年度报告--本来就应当这样做!--考虑一下对这家公司过去一年取得的重大成就做做评论，或提一下有这家公司参与的你感兴趣的领域。When you leave, summarize why you’re the best candidate for the job and thank the person for his interest.
离开时，总结一下为什么你是这一工作的最佳人选并向面试者致谢。
Use a person’s name when talking. 谈话时，称呼对方的姓名，
It’s the best way to get –and keep –his or her attention.
这是引起面试者注意并使他记住你最好的方法。
And avoid verbal confusion. 避免语言混乱，
As business consultant Marian Woodall says: “Poor communicators tend to talk in paragraphs. Successful communicators tend to talk in short sentences.”
商业顾问玛利亚?乌德而指出："不善于交流的人通常成段地讲话，成功的交流者说话时则用简短的句子。" Ask questions. 提出问题。
Too often when people meet, they feel uncomfortable about what to say after the introductions.
很多时候，人们相遇彼此介绍之后，由于不知道说什么而感到尴尬。
Almost everyone likes to be asked questions, so don’t be afraid to be the initiator.
几乎每个人都喜欢别人问自己问题，所以不要害怕成为先开口的人。
Finally, there is the matter of how you speak.
最后，还有一个你怎样说话的问题。
Any voice coach will tell you that you can learn to sound more relaxed and more confident.
声音教练告诉你可以通过学习让自己的声音听起来更放松、更自信。
One good technique is to record your voice on tape.
一个好办法就是把声音录到磁带上。
“As you play it back, pay attention to voice tones that sound apologetic, tentative, meek or imploring,”recommends management and communication consultant Norma Carr-Ruffino.
管理及交流顾问诺玛?卡尔?鲁费纳建议："回放磁带时，注意那些昕起来充满道歉的、试探性的、谦恭的和恳求性的语调。"
As Christopher Lasch states in his book The Culture of Narcissism: “Nothing succeeds like the appearance of
success,”
克里斯托弗?莱希在他的《自恋的文化》中指出："成功的外表预示着成功。"
so take advantage of those first four crucial minutes.
因此，好好利用这最初关键的四分钟，
Look your best, speak and move with confidence –and the job you want can be yours.
展示最佳的形象，言语行动充满自信--这样，你就会得到想要的工作了。
Text B
Bring Your Heart to Work 用心去工作
agitation n.激动, 兴奋, 煽动, 搅动 agitate v.煽动，鼓动，宣传
collaboration n.合作，协作
tactic n.（常pl.）策略，战术
profit n.利润, 益处, 得益vi.得益, 利用vt.有益于, 有利于
assist vt.援助，帮助 assistance n.帮助，援助integrate vt.使成整体, 使一体化, 求...的积分v.结合 integration n.结合，综合，集成
recount vt.详细叙述，描述
daily adj.每日的, 日常的adv.每日, 日常地, 天天 n.日报
disrespectful a.无礼的，失礼的
grateful adj.感激的, 感谢的 gratitude n.感激（之情）
hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇 hesitate v.犹豫
do one’s utmost 尽最大努力
make a difference 有区别，有影响
take···into account 考虑到
get in the way 阻挡道路，阻挡进程
Bring Your Heart to Work用心去工作
A friend asked me to help train the staff of a telemarketing company.
一位朋友请我帮忙培训一家电话市场营销公司的员工。While training the telemarketing staff in sales, I noticed agitation among them.
培训电话市场推销人员时我注意到他们中间有一种焦躁不安的情绪。
They were learning a new sales technology that combines trust, integrity and collaboration in
supporting a client’s buying decisions.
他们正在学习一种融信任、诚恳和合作精神为一体的新的推销技术，以促进客户做出购买决定。
They worked hard and were excited about learning, but it was obvious they were not doing their utmost.
他们工作努力，学习时也很兴奋，但很明显，他们并没有完全投入。
By the end of the first day, I knew I couldn’t continue without a full understanding of what was going on with the team.
第一天培训结束时，我知道要是不了解他们工作小组内发生了什么，培训计划就无法开展下去。
“Is there a problem with you learning this technology?”I asked.
我问他们："学习这个新技术，有什么问题吗?"
They sat silent. I waited for an answer. Finally, someone spoke.
他们默默地坐着，我等着回答。最后，终于有人说话了：
“It would be great if we could really use this technology. "
如果我们能真正用一下这个技术，那就太棒了。
I mean, I can see where it would really work, and I wouldn’t have to feel like I’m being so rude to the people I’m calling.
我是说，那我就能明白它在哪里能真正起作用，我也就不会感到我对电话那端的客户太粗鲁了。
But I don’t really think the company will let us use it. 但我想公司不会让我们用的，
They don’t care about people. They treat us like subhumans, use rude selling tactics for clients and only care about the profit.
他们上层领导不在乎别人的感受，把我们不当成人，对客户使用粗鲁的推销策略，他们在乎的只是效益。
If they found out we were using this type of approach, they’d put a stop to it.”
要是发现我们使用这种技术，他们会阻止的。"
I told the group I’d think about the problem and promised to assist them in finding a way to integrate the new skills.
我告诉他们我会考虑这个问题的，答应帮助他们找出应用这项新技术的办法。
They seemed to be happy to let me have a try, but unconvinced that I could make a difference.
他们很高兴我愿去试试，但仍不相信我会起什么作用。
Following the program, I went to the telephone bank where the sales people worked and watched while the company’s vice-president came over to speak with one of the salespeople.
按照培训计划，我去了电话工作室，推销人员在那里工作，每个人都在众目睽睽之下。这时公司副总裁过来找一位推销人员，
He rudely interrupted her in the middle of a conversation.
他不顾她正同别人谈话，粗鲁地打断了她。
He then walked over to another person who was on a sales call and directly asked him why he had a personal photo on his desk, since none were allowed.
然后他又走到另一个正同客户通过电话商谈业务的人跟前，直接责问他为什么公司明令禁止，他却仍在桌子上放着张私人照片。
At the desk where I was sitting was a memo from the same man, telling people they had to wear suits the following day and keep their suit jackets on between 11:00 AM and noon because perspective clients would
be coming through the office.
在我坐的桌子上放着一份来自这位副总裁的备忘录，通知员工因为客户要从办公室经过，第二天必须穿套装，上午11点到中午期间，必须穿套装上衣。
I waited until the vice-president went back to his office and knocked on his door.
我等着这位副总裁回到办公室后，去敲了敲他的门。Since I teach collaboration, I decided to assume we were in a win-win situation.
既然我教授如何与人合作，我想我们会双赢。
He smiled and invited me to speak. 他笑了笑，让我说话，
“I’ve got a problem that I’m hoping you can solve.I’ve been hired to teach this new sales technology that really supports trust and collaboration. However, the participants are afraid to bring it back to their work.”"我有个问题希望您能帮助解决。我受聘于贵公司，讲授一种新的推销技术，该技术强调相互信任、相互合作，但受训员工不敢把这项技术用到工作之中。"
He was a big man and an ex-Marine. 他身材高大，是位前海军陆战队队员。
He sat way back in his chair and rocked, smiling at me with a well-fed stomach.
他坐在摇椅上，整个脊背靠着椅背，摇动着椅子，面带微笑地看着我，挺着满是油水的肚子，
He replied, “If it makes money, why should they be afraid?”
回答说："只要能挣钱，有什么害怕的呢?"
I took a good look at the man.
我仔细打量了他一番，
He seemed gentle, although his actions didn’t indicate that.
他看上去温和，虽然行为举止并不暗示这点。
“Do you mind if I ask you a really personal question?”I asked.
我问："想问个纯粹的个人问题，和任何事情都无关，您介意吗?"
His smile broadened and he nodded as he rocked. I felt his acceptance of me.
他笑得更灿烂了，点了点头，仍然摇着椅子，我感到他已经接受了我。
“How do you function at work each day when you
leave your heart at home?”
"把爱心丢在家里，你每天怎么工作?"
The man continued to rock gently, never changing his expression. I watched while his eyes narrowed.
他继续轻摇着椅子，表情没有丝毫变化，我注视着他，他眼睛渐渐地眯了起来，
He responded, “What else do you know about me?”
回答说："关于我，你还知道什么?"
“It’s confusing for me,”I ventured, "我不明白，"我冒昧地回答，
“You seem to be a gentle person, yet your actions don’t seem to take people into account. You’re putting tasks before relationship, but I think you know the difference.”
"您看上去和蔼，但您说话办事从来不考虑别人的感受，您把工作置于人间冷暖之上。但我想，您知道这其中的差别。"
He looked at his watch and asked, “Are you free for dinner? Come on, it’s on me.”
他看了看表问我："你有空吗?一起吃晚饭吧，我买单。"
Unit 2 Text A salesgirl n.女售货员 couple n.几个，一对 glance vi.看一下瞥一眼He glanced nervously at his watch when he was waiting for the bus. uncomfortable a.不舒服的，不自在的 behave vi 举止 desire vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求(官方丈礼)n.愿望, 心愿, 要求v.要求 They showed a desire to improve relations. She desires that he (should) do it at once. distant a.在远处的，疏远的 outsider n.外人，局外人，门外汉 feature n.特征，特色 mark n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号 You’d better make some marks while reading. vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号 Please mark all of the large cities on this map. adapt vt.使适应, 改编 Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? adopt vt.采用, 收养 They were trying to persuade the UN to adopt an aggressivenly anti-American resolution. accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符
自考行政法与行政诉讼法（一）串讲笔记 第一编绪论 第1章行政法的基本概念 第一节行政 一、行政的涵义 1。行政的概念 (名词解释）行政在行政法上的意义,通常指国家行政机关执行国家法律、政策，管理国家内政、外交的活动。 2。行政的分类考察 1 / 241
(1）公行政与国家行政. （名词解释）狭义的行政仅包括公行政，指公共组织，主要指国家行政机关为实现公共目的、任务而行使的执行、管理职能. （单选）国家行政属于公行政，但公行政并不等于国家行政. (2）静态行政和动态行政。 （单选）静态行政的涵义是被赋予相应职能的组织单位和个人，指行政机关、行政机构、行政人员；动态行政的涵义是相应组织职能的运作，指行政活动、行政行为。 (3）形式行政和实质行政。 （单选）行政执法属于实质行政。形式行政是根据主体的性质界定的行政，即只有国家行政机关进行的活动为行政;实质行政是根据主体活动的性质界定的行政，即不论主体为何公权力机关，只要其活动具有执行、管理的性质，即为行政. 2 / 241
二、行政与行政国 （单选)行政法作为一个独立的法律部门,是伴随着“行政国”的产生而产生的。 三、行政与法治国 （单选）“行政国”产生是行政法产生和发展的基本原因,而行政法产生和发展是法治国形成的基本条件。 第二节行政法 一、行政法的涵义 （名词解释)（05-4)（02—4)行政法是指调整行政关系，规范和控制行政权的法律规范系统。 (多选）(05—4）(02-4）行政法的内容是由行政法的调整对象决定的。行政法的调整对 3 / 241
象是行政管理关系；行政法制监督关系;行政救济关系；内部行政关系。 （多选）（06—4)（03-4）属于行政管理关系的有劳动局实施行政处罚与被处罚人之间形成的关系、劳动局登记检查企业用工情况与企业之间形成的关系。 （单选)海关系统的内部关系，属于垂直领导关系。 二、行政法与行政权 （多选)行政权从其权力内容考察，包括国防权、外交权、治安权、经济管理权、社会文化管理权等. 三、行政法的形式 4 / 241
完整版讲义---华夏大地自考高伟老师主讲，真的很MAN！！ 第一单元知识点的回顾 Text A 1.choose----choice：词型转换经常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。 2.★available:这个词考的频率很高。换句话说，如果在答案中出现了该词， 从词义上应该给予其优先考虑。这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等。 3.decide----decision，注意词性上的变化。 4.purpose:这个词一旦出现，它既可以考本词的意思，也可以考后面的谓语 动词的形式，记住：凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等 有含有目的性的词，后面的谓语动词一定是to do的形式，同时关注这些 词是否为复数形式，如果是，谓语动词一定是复数的。 5.achieve----achievement，注意词型上转换。 6.★in the way:妨碍，挡路，阻碍。区别in a way：从某种程度上。★on the way (to)在去…路上(★on the way home)和by the way：顺便说一句。 7.★★involve----involve ment(in)：注意词型转换，词义及介词搭配。 8.★consider----consideration。注意词型上的转换，同时牢记take into consideration(account)，如果单独考本词，后面的动词一定是+ing形式(动名词)，但注意主动和被动含义上的区别。 9.make a guess at:注意固定习语的搭配。 10.certain----certainly----★certainty----★★uncertainty：注意词性和词义上 的转换。 11.risk:注意后面接ing的动名词形式。 12. sometimes…;at other times…:注意前后句型上的搭配，很有可能在完型里 考。 13.range：这个词应该注意经常考的方式，range from…to…，句子中经常会 出现price,或地点等波及到范围上的词汇。 14.a number of/the number of：注意区别后面的谓语动词的单、复数。 15.★(be)based on/upon：注意搭配，完型常考。 16.therefore：学会so的另一种表达方式，说明结果，完型常考(=consequently， 本词还需要注意词型转换consequent/consequence)。 17.treat:注意搭配及同义词组，treat…as, see…as,view…as;另外treat the problem=deal with=cope with。
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit22） -自考串讲笔记 Unit 22 Text A 当今人们对健身的态度 最近一位学生对我们说，抽出时间来增进身体健康完全是在浪费学习时间。他要我们相信，对他来说，健身运动一点也不比学打桥牌更有用。上大学和为将来的职业做准备才是他的当务之急。 这个学生把身体健康看成是一种目的，而不是我们所认为的手段。人们对于个人参加体育锻炼所持意见很多，赞成的或反对的都有，他的观点只是其中的一种。 很多人，包括不同年龄的大学生，用在健身活动上的时间很少。当然这里有些人可能受到身体条件的限制，运动起来非常困难，而另一些人从事的活动很费时间，只有完成之后才有机会去休闲娱乐。然而，那些能更多参加健身活动而实际上却参加得很少的大多数人又如何呢下面的哪句话更符合你说的 “我知道这很重要，但我只是现在没有时间。” “我已经很健康，而且按我的计划，保持下去没有困难。” “我应该参加得比现在多，但我没有健身器材，别人也不太支持我。”
“锻炼使我感觉糟透了，即使淋浴之后，我去上下一节课时还是浑身是汗，闻起来大概有些更衣室的味道。” 你与那些没有做出承诺的人不同，也许已承诺投入一项健身计划，但你这项活动的范围可能是比较狭隘的。如果下列某一议论和你一致，那么也许你还没有看到保持高水平的身体健康所具有的更广泛的价值。 “宿舍中每个人都在晚上跑步，所以我也跑。” “锻炼时间每消耗3500卡热量，我就可以减少一磅指肪。圣诞节之前我只需要再减十磅。” “这个周末天气凉爽宜人。星期六看起来是创造个人纪录的好日子。” “有些人可能会说我怕死。见鬼，我只是想长寿。” 如果你看到这些议论中有一条正好代表了你的态度，那么你衡量健身价值的理由不是有点近视吗我们建议你重新审视自己对健身的态度和健身对你生活其它方面的积极影响。你应该问问自己，“如果我真的处于身体最佳状态，我会取得什么成就”因为身体强健的程度很容易观察和测出，你可以很快开始看到你有能力成为的那个正在脱颖而出的人。几乎每天你都能看到进步和成就，不过请记住，人各不同，有些人会比别人进步得快。归根结底，我们认为虽然健身不能保证你活得更长，但却有助于你享受你的人生。 Unit 22
Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词
16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire
自考英语重点语法 动名词在句子中的作用 动名词是一种非限定动词，其构成同现在分词一样，即在动词原形后加-ing，在形式上同现在分词没有任何区别。动名词的用法并不算很复杂，但出现的频率却非常高，是考试常考语法项目，因此应该格外引起学生的注意。动名词在句子中不受主语的人称和数的制约，但不能做谓语。 1.作主语 动名词及其短语可以用来作主语，跟一般名词或代词在句子中作主语一样，有自己的谓语/表语、宾语等等，组成完整的句子。 如：Smoking does a lot of harm to one's health. （吸烟对人体非常有害。） Reading different kinds of books can enlarge your range of knowledge. （阅读各类书籍能扩大你的知识面。） 但是，动名词作主语有两种特殊句型，那就是由"it"作形式主语和"there"作先行主语的两种句型。这两种特殊句型正是学生常常忽略的地方。因此，必须给予足够的重视。 （1）“it”作形式主语的句型。这种句型常常表现在下列结构中： It is no good... It is not much good... It is no use... It is hardly any use... It is useless... It is not any use... It is little use... It is hardly worth... It is worth... It is worthwhile... It is a waste of time... It is difficult... It is a waste of time arguing with him. （跟他辩论是在浪费时间。） It was no use talking without taking any action. （只说不做是没有用的。） （2）“there”作先行主语的句型。这种句型通常用在否定句中，其基本形式是there is/was+动名词。 There is no denying the fact. （事实不容否认。） There is no joking over this matter. （这种事开不得玩笑。） There is no telling what she will be after she grows up. （说不准她长大后会干什么。）动名词在句子中的作用 2.动名词作表语 动名词作表语形式上同进行时态一样，由be+动词-ing形式构成，但它所表达的是主语“是什么”，而不是主语“正在干什么”。 The only thing that Smith likes to do after his dinner is watching TV. （史密斯饭后唯一喜欢做的事就是看电视。） The most important thing is finding the most suitable person for this job. （最重要的事情是找到这个工作最适合的人选。） Seeing is believing. （眼见为实。） 我们知道，不定式也同样可以作句子的主语和表语，所表达的意义也非常接近，但两者也有一定的区别：一般说来，动名词多表示一般行为和状态，而不定式则强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。 动名词在句子中的作用 3.动名词作同位语 同位语是用来说明所修饰的名词，是对该名词的进一步解释，起一个补充说明作用。动名词作同位语也起同样的作用。 His hard habit, smoking one cigarette after each meal, remains unchanged for fifty years. （他饭后一支烟这个恶习五十年没有改变。） That's my pride, speaking five languages.
Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary
literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 Unit 12 A Break from Life I. New words and expressions New words 1. cranky adj. 脾气坏的 2. laundry n. 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物 3. resemble v. 看起来像；显得像；像 resemble: take after resemblance 4. throb n. （强烈有规律的）跳动；阵阵的疼痛 5. subside v. 趋于平静；平息；减弱；消退 6. ache v. 疼痛；隐痛 7. joint n. 关节 8. shuffle v. 拖着脚走 9. wiggle v. （使）扭动，摆动，摇动 10. sniffle n. 抽鼻子（声） 11. tissue n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 12. pillow n. 枕头 13. crack v. 找到解决（难题等的）方法 14. contagious adj. 患接触性传染病的 15. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 16. resourceful adj. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的 17. scrounge v. 觅取；搜寻 18. nurture v. 养育；养护；培养 19. chore n. 令人厌烦的任务、乏味无聊的工作 20. respite n. 暂停；暂缓 21. manufacture v. 编造；捏造 22. symptom n. 症状 23. pamper v. 细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容
24. hermit n. 隐土；隐修者；遁世者 25. gel n. 凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于头发或护肤的产品） 26. hearty adj. 大的；丰盛的 27. chamomile n. 苹果菊；春黄菊；甘菊 28. vanilla-scented adj. 香草味的 29. gingerly adv. 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地 30. grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 be grateful to sb. for sth. ungrateful 比较：graceful disgraceful 31. spa n. 水疗 32. tub n. 浴缸；浴盆 33. drain n. 下水道；排水管 34. refresh v. 使恢复精力；使凉爽 35. emotionally adv. 感情上地；情感上地 emotion emotional 36. empower v. 增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势 37. permission n. 准许；许可；批准 permit 38. justify v. 对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护） 39. awareness n. 知道；认识；意识 Phrases and Expressions 1. pile up 堆积；积压 2. come down with患，得，染上（小病） 3. slip away 消失；消亡；死去 4. respond to 作出反馈；响应 5. care for 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等） 6. tend to 照料；照管；护理
4、解题思路及答题技巧 两大原则： （1）先做主观题，再做客观题。 （2）按分值合理分配时间。 1.完型填空： （1）上看下看，左看右看，充分利用上下文。 （2）熟记固定搭配。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate _________11 by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s _________12 has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large，so that _________13 to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides，Japan’s work force was disciplined，so it was capable _________14 applying the information it acquired. Finally，American and European companies，who were _________15 licensers，felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market _________16 they were not limited by licensing agreement.
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made 是过去分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思， 后面用虚拟语气。 ? 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time. ? 3. … decision m aking includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. ? 解析：as well as意思是既…又… ? 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. ? 解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是 确实。 ? 5. … but do not let it worry you too much. ? 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的 宾语补足语为省略to 的 不定式结构。 ? 6. There is little likelihood that … ? 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of ? 例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) ? A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) ? ? UNIT2 ? 重点单词和短语 ? exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau ? in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? 例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. (06-4) ? A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all (A) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable… ? 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝 对的时间和空间。 (05-4-68) ? 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. ? 例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting. ? A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) ? 例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used. (03-10) ? A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) ? 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun. ? 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. ? 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. ? 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。 ? 例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 text B) ? 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. ? 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越…越…，第一 个从句中谓语动词不 用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。 ? 例：___ we are, ___ we become. ? A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser ? C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser (D) ? UNIT 3 ? 重点单词和短语 ? deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible ? recruit ? be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have …at heart be sensitive to opt out of for short amount to