1)合理的： logical，rational, reasonable, sound, cerebral, intellectual
advisable
2)否认，拒绝，驳斥： contradict, dispute, refute, renounce, naysay,
gainsay, reject, repudiate, discredit, rebut, negate, dissent, protest, disprove， repudiate
3)轻视，贬抑： disdain, despise, reject, scorn, contempt, derogate,
disparage, depreciate
4)残忍的，野蛮的： ferocious, bloodthirsty, brutal, cruel, fierce, vicious,
wild, atrocious
5)邪恶的，有害的： sinister, diabolic, corrupt, forbidding, pernicious,
virulent, deleterious
6)节约的，谨慎的：frugal, prudent, saving, economical, sparing, thrifty,
abstemious, meticulous, wary, circumspect, cautious
7)浪费的： prodigal, extravagant, lavish, spendthrift, wasteful, squander
8)欺骗： deceive, beguile, dupe, hoax, bamboozle, cheat, delude,
hoodwink
9)后悔，哀叹 : deplore, bemoan, regret, lament, dirge, bewail, repent
10)例外的，奇特的，罕见的： exceptional, stupendous, miraculous,
marvelous
11)取消，撤销，废除：repeal, nullify, abolish, quash, withdraw, abrogate
12)持久的： everlasting, perceptual, permanent, endurable, abiding,
eternal
13)短暂的 : momentary, temporary, transient, ephemeral, evanescent,
provisional
14)相称的： condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate
15)妨碍，阻挠： filibuster, encumber, impede, hamper, hinder, stymie,
curb, obstruct
16)促进 , 帮助： precipitate, accelerate, avail, advance, facilitate, hasten,
promote, quicken, foster, bolster
17)开始： initiate, embark on, inaugurate
18)提供： furnish, render, accommodate
19)废除： repeal, nullify, abolish, quash, withdraw, abrogate
20)加强，巩固： strengthen, enhance, reinforce, intensify, consolidate,
upgrade, heighten
21)激励： motivate, stimulate, inspire, encourage, provoke, arouse
22) 固执的：headstrong, obstinate, stubborn, willful, firm, dogged,
adamant, tenacious
23)忠诚： fidelity, allegiance, attachment, devotion, faith, fealty, loyalty
24)精确，精准： accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision
25)合适的： condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate, felicitous
26)合理的： possible, rational, reasonable, feasible, practical, legitimate,
plausible
27)重要的： important, essential, significant, vital, imperative, necessary,
indispensable, paramount, crucial, primary, high-ranking, decisive
28)微不足道的： trivial, frivolous, measly, paltry, superficial, trifling,
worthless, venial, insignificant, unimportant, negligible
29)影响： affect, influence, impact, change, modify
30)教育： teach, educate, instruct, tutor, impart, instill
31)阐述，解释： explain, account for, clarify, demonstrate, illustrate,
illuminate, enlighten, explicate, expound, justify
32)声称： claim, mention, assert
33)假设： assume, suppose, hypothesize, speculate, surmise, postulate,
conjecture
34)有关的： related, connected, linked, relevant, correlated, interrelated,
associated， pertinent
35)有用的： useful, helpful, beneficial, positive, constructive, valuable,
effective, functional, rewarding, salutary
36)导致： lead to, cause, generate, engender, render, trigger, give rise to,
contribute to，result in
37)因为： result from, because, since, owing to, because of, since, for,
on account of, on ground of, be attributed to
38)举例： for example, for instance, as a case in point, to be specific,
imagine, suppose
39)强调： stress, emphasize, highlight, underline, underscore, insist
40)解决，处理： deal with, solve, resolve, crack, tackle, unravel,
surmount, overcome, address, decipher, figure out
41)获得，得到： get, receive, obtain, acquire, harvest, attain
42)认为： think ，deem, reckon, embrace the idea that, believe, suppose
43)给予： give, impart, bestow, offer, provide
44)成功： succeed, achieve, accomplish, prosper, thrive
45)勤奋的： hard-working, diligent, industrious, assiduous, productive
46) 令人信服的：convincing, persuasive, compelling, captivating,
enthralling, forceful, powerful
47)创新的： creative, innovative, original, imaginative, inventive,
resourceful, ingenious, productive
48)传统的： conventional, formulaic, orthodox
49)削弱，损害： undermine, founder, destabilize, demoralize, weaken,
challenge, deteriorate, degrade, emasculate, enervate, devitalize,
exacerbate
50)可得到的： available, accessible, obtainable
51)理解： understand, comprehend, grasp, apprehend, recognize, realize,
be aware of
52)独有的： distinct, characteristic, unique, typical
53)不同的： difference, diverse, separate, discrete
54)可疑的： doubtful, implausible, dubious
55)替代： supplant, replace, swap, substitute, take the place of
56)证明： vindicate, justify, exonerate, support, defend, exculpate,
substantiate, corroborate
57)虚假的，错误的： spurious, fallacious, flawed, specious, forged
58)使困惑：perplex, confuse, mystify, puzzle, confound, baffle, bewilder
59)支持： support, espouse, bolster up, prop up, endorse, favor,
champion
60)缓解，缓和： release, alleviate, mitigate, moderate, lessen, pacify,
assuage, mollify
61)实施： implement, execute, carry out
62)利用： utilize, make use of, avail, employ, exploit, manipulate
63)明显的： obvious, conspicuous, noticeable, prominent, striking,
apparent, evident, seeming
64)无处不在的： pervasive, widespread, ubiquitous, prevalent, abundant
65)挑战，质疑： challenge, defy, question, dispute, take issue with
66)熟练的： adept, skillful, adroit, proficient
67)激增： multiply, propagate, proliferate, burgeon, magnify, enlarge,
reproduce, mushroom
68)传播： promulgate, broadcast, circulate, spread, propagandize
69)共识： consensus, agreement, concord
70)难理解的： impenetrable, obscure, incomprehensible, indistinct,
shadowy
71)暗示： suggest, hint, allude, imply, infer, indicate
72)有声誉的： renowned, famous, distinguished, prominent, eminent,
acclaimed
73)乐观的： sanguine, hopeful, buoyant, optimistic
74)合作： cooperate, collaborate, conjoin, ally
75)评估： estimate, approximate, calculate, reckon
76)承受： endure, resist, withstand, undergo, maintain, tolerate, sustain,
put up with
77)相同的： same, identical, congruent, parallel
78)根除： get rid of, eradicate, exterminate, eliminate
79)昂贵的： expensive, costly, luxurious, prohibitive
80)对手： rival, opponent, adversary
81)坚定的： steadfast, unshakable, unswerving, invariable
82)优于： advantageous, superior, beneficial, profitable, gainful
83)引起争议的： contentious, disputable, controversial
84)世界性的： cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide
85)拖拉的： laggard, draggy, dilatory
86)灾难性的： disastrous, catastrophic, fatal
综合写作：
针对以上信息总结积累综合写作常用表达
(1)关联词
表示转折与对比：
however/ instead/ on the contrary/ in contrast with/ nevertheless/ rather than/
by contrast/ on the other hand
表示强调：
remember that/ and most important is that/ a major development is that/ the
basic concept here is/ the important idea is
表示例证：
for example/ for instance/ A is an example of B/ namely/ to give a specific example
in addition/ further more/ in the same manner/ another reason is/ that brings us
to/ what I want to talk about is that
发表意见：
according to / personally/ in my opinion
下结论：
all in all/ in sum/ in conclusion/ in consequence/ consequently/ finally/ therefore
（ 2）反驳关系的常用表述
动词类： refute\ challenge\ doubt\ deny\ rebut\ counter\ cast doubt on\ contradict\ oppose\ object to\ disagree with\ disapprove of
形容词短语类： be contradictory\ conflicting\ opposing\ contrary\ opposite to\ different from
副词短语类： in contrast\ conversely\ however\ actually\ in fact\ indeed
连词类： while\ whereas
（3）针对材料的具体表达词汇
1)合理的： logical，rational, reasonable, sound, cerebral, intellectual, advisable
2)否认，拒绝，驳斥： contradict, dispute, refute, renounce, naysay, gainsay, reject, repudiate, discredit, rebut, negate, dissent, protest, disprove
3)邪恶的，有害的：sinister, diabolic, corrupt, forbidding, pernicious, virulent, deleterious
4)妨碍，阻挠： filibuster, encumber, impede, hamper, hinder, stymie, curb, obstruct
5)促进 , 帮助： precipitate, accelerate, avail, advance, facilitate, hasten, promote, quicken, foster
6)加强，巩固：strengthen, enhance, reinforce, intensify, consolidate, upgrade, heighten
7)合适的： condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate, felicitous
8)合理的： possible, rational, reasonable, feasible, practical, legitimate, plausible
9)阐述，解释： explain, account for, clarify, demonstrate, illustrate, illuminate, enlighten, explicate, expound, justify
10)声称： claim, mention, assert
11)假设：assume, suppose, hypothesize, speculate, surmise, postulate, conjecture
12)有关的： related, connected, linked, relevant, correlated, interrelated, associated，pertinent
13)有用的： useful, helpful, beneficial, positive, constructive, valuable, effective, functional, rewarding, salutary
14)导致：lead to, cause, generate, engender, render, trigger, give rise to, contribute，to
15)因为： result from, because, since, owing to, because of, since, for, on account of, on ground of, be attributed to
16)解决，处理： deal with, solve, resolve, crack, tackle, unravel, surmount, overcome, address, decipher, figure out
17)认为： think ，deem, reckon, embrace the idea that, believe, suppose
18)令人信服的：convincing, persuasive, compelling, captivating, enthralling, forceful, powerful
19)削弱，损害： undermine, founder, destabilize, demoralize, weaken, challenge, deteriorate, degrade, emasculate, enervate, devitalize, exacerbate
20)不同的： difference, diverse, separate, discrete
21)可疑的：doubtful, implausible, dubious
22)证明：vindicate, justify, exonerate, support, defend, exculpate, substantiate, corroborate
23)虚假的，错误的：spurious, fallacious, flawed, specious, forged
24)支持：support, espouse, bolster up, prop up, endorse, favor, champion
25)利用：utilize, make use of, avail, employ, exploit
26)挑战，质疑： challenge, defy, question, dispute, take issue with
27)引起争议的：contentious, disputable, controversial
28)灾难性的： disastrous, catastrophic, fatal
Working in a less intellectually challenging working environment, employees will be complacent and stall, thus losing their competitive edge in the long run.
WORD格式 精品文档 aboundv.充满;富于 accreditvt.委派官员到国外,授权 abutv.邻接,毗邻 accordionn.手风琴 accretionn.增加,增大 absenteeismn.旷课,旷工 abidevi.遵守;vt.忍受 ablazeadj.着火的,闪耀的 abrasionn.表面磨损 abhorv.憎恶,痛恨 accedev.应允,同意 acridadj.(指味道或气味)辛辣的,刺鼻的;(语气)尖酸的,刻薄的acrimoniousadj.尖刻的,尖酸的 acronymn.用大写字母表示的缩写词 adeptadj.熟练的,擅长的 adjacentadj.接近的,毗连的,邻近的
adjunctn.附件,附属 admonishvt.训诫,训斥 adoben.泥砖,土坯(房) adornvt.装饰 adventn.(尤指不寻常的人或事)出现,到来adverseadj.1.敌对的;2.不利的;不幸的aestheticadj.美学的,审美的 affinityn.1.吸引力,亲和力;2.密切关系afflictvt.折磨;使苦恼 affluencen.富裕;丰富 aggravatev.使恶化,使加重aggregaten.聚集,集合 agileadj.敏捷的,活泼轻快的agitationn.焦虑,心神不定agrarianadj.有关土地的;耕地的ailmentn.(长期的)疾病 ajaradj.(门、窗等)微开的 akinto有密切关系的,相近的allegiancen.忠贞,效忠 allegoryn.寓言 alliterationn.头韵
9 托福考试高频词汇 A a pivotal figure (关键)人物pivot 轴心 premium n.保险金a.高级的，高价的 a premium student 优秀学生 a range of 一系列的东西（有顺序）a range from sth. to sth. 从...到...范围，排列不等 abandon 抛弃，放纵abandonment n. abbreviate abbreviate v. 缩短，缩写abbreviation n. abrasion abrasion n.磨损 abstract abstract (ab-去掉,stract 拉)a.抽象的n.概要absurd absurd a.荒谬的 abundance abundance (und-波浪) n.丰富，多'麦浪翻滚'undulate/fluctuate 波动 accelerate accelerate (celer-速度)v.加速，不断增长celerity速度decelerate v.减速 have access to have access to 能够接触，靠近you have access to the library accessible accessible a.可靠近的 acclaim acclaim v.欢呼，欢迎acclaimed a.受人欢迎的accommodate accommodate v.给人提供食宿；与...相符，适应(commod- 方便commodity 商品accommodating accommodating a.乐于助人的accompany accompany v.陪伴，伴奏accompanist 伴奏者accompaniment n.陪伴物，伴奏 accord accord v.和谐一致(-ion琴)accordion 手风琴accumulate accumulate(cumul-堆积)v.聚堆积cumulus 积云 accustom accustom v.使习惯get accustomed to sth. 海关custom 关税tariff acquaintance acquaintance n.熟悉，认识 acronym acronym(acr-高,-onym词)n.首字母缩略词acute acute a.敏锐的性急的，急性病chronic慢性病adapt adapt v.适应环境adaptable 能适应的adaptation 适应，改写本 addictive addictive a.(吸毒)上瘾的addict (dict-被命令做某事)v.使沉迷 additive additive (add-加)添加剂，附加的 adept adept a.老练的 adjoining/adjacent adjoining/ adjacent a.邻近的，毗邻的adjust adjust (just-正确)v.调整，校准adjustment n. adobe adobe n.土坯，印第安人造房原料 abode abode n.住所，住房 adopt adopt (opt-选择)v.收养，采纳adoption n. adornment adornment (orn-饰)n. 装饰ornamentation 饰品advent advent n.来到adventure n.冒险with the advent of 21 century 随着21世纪的到来 adverse adverse(-verse转)a.不利的，逆反的～wind 逆风～influence 不利影响adversity n.灾难，不幸，逆境adversary n.对手，敌手 advocate advocate v./n.支持，拥护(者) anesthetic esthetic a.感觉的anesthetic (an-无)a.麻醉的aesthetic a.美感的，美学的 affect affect v.影响，假装severe strom adversely affect our study affected affected a.装模作样的affection n.友爱，友情affectation affectation n.假装 affiliate affiliate(fili-绳子,家族,一条线,儿子)v.变成...的儿子，和...联合,加盟进去,附加filiale 子公司filial 子女的，孝顺的 afflict afflict(flict-打击)v.折磨conflict n.冲突 affluent affluent(flu-流动) a.富有的，丰富的aggravating aggravating(grav-重)a.一再恶化的gravity 重力gravitation 万有引力 aggregate aggregate (greg-团体，是group的变体)v.总计aggregation n. 集合gregarious a.群居的,社交的agitation agitation n.激动,煽动agitate v. 鼓动 akin to akin(-kin亲情关系) ～to 和...相近,关系密切alchemy alchemy(chem-化学)n. 炼金术chemistry 化学 alder alder 赤杨树older 老人坐在赤杨树下 sloth sloth 树懒 algae algae n.海藻algal a. alien alien n.外国人alienate v.疏远 all but all but + a. almost几乎集合+n. all except 除...之外所有的 all inclusive all inclusive 无所不包的 allocate allocate(loc-地方)v.分配(财富) alloy alloy n.合金 ally ally n.联盟，盟军 alternate alternate v.交替alternative a.二中选一的altitude altitude (-alt高)n. 高度exalt 晋升，赞扬latitude latitude 纬度，自由空间longitude 经度aluminium aluminium 铝 ambiance ambiance(ambi-两边) n.周围，氛围amenable amenable a.负责任的,应服从的 amiable amiable a.和蔼可亲的 amplify amplify(ampl-大)v.放大amplifier 扩音器ancestor ancestor(an-在前面ces-走)祖先 annihilate annihilate(nihil-变成零)v.消灭,歼灭nihility虚无 annual annual a.一年一度的 anomaly anomaly (norm-规范)n.异常的人或物anonymous anonymous(an-无onym-名字)a.匿名的antibiotics antibiotics(anti-抗bio-生理)a.抗生素的
托福综合写作必备的65个词汇 1)Beetle甲虫 2)Doubt Doubt the truth of the statement怀疑这种说法是否符合事实 3)Blossom花 cherry blossoms樱桃花 4)Fossil化石 The fossils may be a million years old.这些化石可能有100万年了。 5)Remnant残余物 The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area.这片树林仅仅剩下的一部分，原来这个带是一大片森林。 6)Relics残余物 A museum with relics of great explorers收藏伟大探险家遗物的博物馆 7)Structure结构 The structure of soil土壤结构 8)Composition成分；构成；构图 the composition of a chemical化学药品的构成成分 The painting has a graceful composition.这幅画构图雅致。 9)Come to the conclusion得出结论
He came to the conclusion that the machine was out of order.他断定机器出了毛病。 10)feed on以......为食物 All animals including men feed on plants or other animals.包活人类在内的一切动物都是靠吃植物或其他动物过活的。 11)wind power generation风力发电 12)Pristine未开发的；处于原始状态的 Pristine， pollution-free beaches没有污染的原始海滩 13)Windmill风车 14)Locals本地人 The locals are very friendly.当地人很友好。 15)Thermal power generation火力发电 16)Power plant发电厂 17)Marine cable海底电缆 18)Funeral objects陪葬品 19)Tomb墓 20)Household utensil器皿 21)Containers器皿 22)Final conclusion定论 No final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter. 这个问题尚无定论。 23)Christian基督徒
托福写作高级词汇整理 在托福的写作中，我们使用一些高级词汇去替换掉那些陈谷子烂芝麻的词汇可以帮助我们提高分数，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福写作高级词汇整理。 托福写作高级词汇 1) Come a long way 有很大的进步 Human being has come a long from drinking and eating raw food to talking through cell phones. 2) It is worthwhile to / it is worth doing It is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time. 3) Give credit for 归功于 The convenience that commuters (通勤者)has now should give credit for the newly opened subway lines. 4) Give sb. a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势 Learning multiple languages give people a competitive edge in this demanding society. 5) Remove the barrier for 为(发展，交流等)消除障碍 Learning English is a way to remove the barrier for communicating with many foreigners./exchanging with exotic cultures. 6) Be the cornerstone of 是的基石 Believing in the correlation of hardworking and success is the cornerstone of American spirit. 7) Be an essential ingredient of 是的条件 A sound health is an essential ingredient of excellent academic performance. 8) profit from/benefit from 从中获益 People can profit/benefit from the advancement of modern
托福综合写作话题词汇 1. 观点 (Opinion) 2. 讨论 (Discussion) 3. 问题 (Issue) 4. 研究 (Research) 5. 调查 (Survey) 6. 实践 (Practice) 7. 理论 (Theory) 8. 现象 (Phenomenon) 9. 方法 (Method) 10. 结论 (Conclusion) 11. 规则 (Rule) 12. 解决方案 (Solution) 13. 影响 (Impact) 14. 原因 (Reason) 15. 优点 (Advantage) 16. 缺点 (Disadvantage) 17. 主题 (Theme) 18. 趋势 (Trend) 19. 社会问题 (Social issue) 20. 科技发展 (Technological development) 21. 经济增长 (Economic growth) 22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences) 23. 教育问题 (Educational issues) 24. 健康问题 (Health issues) 25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)
26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion) 27. 全球化 (Globalization) 28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry) 29. 政府政策 (Government policies) 30. 社交媒体 (Social media) 31. 女性权益 (Women's rights) 32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries) 33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage) 34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems) 35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning) 36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues) 37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis) 38. 食品安全 (Food safety) 39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity) 40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)
托福必背单词 这是一份托福必背单词列表，目的是帮助大家更好地准备托福考试。以下是单词及其中文释义： 1. Abandon - 放弃 2. Accomplish - 完成 3. Accumulate - 积累 4. Accurate - 准确的 5. Adapt - 适应 6. Adequate - 充分的 7. Adjust - 调整 8. Admission - 录取 9. Advocate - 主张 10. Affluent - 富裕的 11. Agriculture - 农业 12. Alter - 改变 13. Ambiguous - 含糊不清的 14. Ambitious - 有抱负的 15. Analysis - 分析 16. Anticipate - 预期 17. Apparent - 明显的 18. Appreciate - 欣赏 19. Approach - 方法 20. Appropriate - 合适的 21. Articulate - 表达清晰的 22. Ascertain - 确定 23. Aspire - 渴望 24. Assess - 评估 25. Assign - 分配
26. Assure - 确保 27. Attain - 实现 28. Attribute - 归因于 29. Augment - 增加 30. Authentic - 真正的 31. Authority - 权威 32. Avid - 渴望的 33. Bias - 偏见 34. Bolster - 加强 35. Candid - 坦诚的 36. Capacity - 能力 37. Cautious - 谨慎的 38. Cease - 停止 39. Clarify - 澄清 40. Coherent - 连贯的 41. Collaborate - 合作 42. Collapse - 崩溃 43. Colleague - 同事 44. Compile - 汇编 45. Complement - 补充 46. Comprehend - 理解 47. Concentrate - 集中 48. Concrete - 具体的 49. Confer - 授予 50. Confine - 限制 请注意，以上只是部分单词，你可以根据自己的需要进一步扩充。在备考过程中，多做单词的复习和练习，有助于提高词汇量和应对托福考试中的相关题型。
托福写作常用的100个观点类词汇整理 想要成功的掌握好托福写作，托福词汇是一大关键基础。而在托福文章中，能为大家带来第一印象的就是，观点的明确定位。所以，对于正在备考托福的学生来说，更好的掌握一些观点的词汇，对于文章内容的表达将会更为丰满和充实。下面点课台教育就为大家带来100个观点类词汇整理，希望能为大家的托福写作备考带来帮助。 托福写作中，我们经常会遇到观点类的题型，这就要求我们用明确的观点来定位文章基调，这就需要我们掌握大量关联类的词汇。 1.持某观点 claim ( contendreckon share the belief that ) 2.支持某观点 advocate (maintainvote forside with be in favor of ) 3.反对某观点 contradict (criticizebe against cast doubts on ) 4.合理的 justified ( sensible feasible convincinghold waterbear much analysis) 5.好处 advantage (benefit，merit，positive side) 6.弊端 disadvantage( defect，demerit，negative side) 7.肯定 undoubtedly (indeedundeniablythere is no denying that) 8.不确定 be likely to ( potentially presumably) 9.重要的essential (significant，vital，crucial，critical，fundamental，indispensable) 10.有益的 beneficial (conducive instrumental ) 11.有害的 detrimental (harmfulvirulent) 12.有争议的 controversial (disputable，contentious) 13.普遍的 widespread ( prevalent，universal) 14.显著地 considerably (significantly，remarkably，dramatically，tremendously，substantially) 15.明显的 evident (apparent，manifest) 16.增强 enhance (strengthen intensify)
托福写作必备词汇 1.解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3.给予：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster 5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition 14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend
abandon abduction abstract accumulate accuracy accuse acquire acquisition adapt addictive adjacent adjust adolescent advent adversely advocate affection affluence aggravate aggregate agnostic allegedly allegiance allocate amateurish ambiguous amend analyze ancestral anesthesia animism annex anomaly anticipate antipathy apex apprehend arbitrary arrogantly artillery ascertain assail assess asset assimilate associate astrological atheist augment authority battle be inclined to berate biased bitterly bond bribery bulk burden bureaucratic candidate capricious cartel cast catastrophic cause cease certifiably charismatic chronologically circulate civil clique coalition coerce cohesion coincide collapse collide combustion commodity compensate complex complication component compress concentrated condemn confide conflict connotation conquest consciously consequence constraint contamination contemplate contemptuous contest context contrary convey convict core corrode counter cremation cultivation cumbersome 笨重的 cure curriculum 全部课程 cynically 爱嘲笑地 de facto 事实上的 decipher 译解 decline 下降衰退倾斜 decrepit 衰老的，破旧的 degrade deify [?di:ifai]神化，崇拜 delinquency 失职，犯罪 denominator denote deny depict deplete derive descendant despise despondent detain detection deviant devise devotion dilemma dimension diminish discretely
abandon vt. 放弃 absenteeism n. 旷工；旷课 abstract a. 抽象的 abundance n. 大量，丰富 abundant a. 丰富的 abundant a. 充足的；富裕的 abuse n. 冷落；虐待；滥用 abut vi. 邻接；毗邻 acacia n. 金合花 academic a. 学术的 accelerate vi. 加速 acceleration n. 增速 accessibility n. 可得性；可近性accidentally ad. 偶然地；意外地acclaim vt. 向...欢呼；称赞accommodate vt. 容纳；容...进入(通过) accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同, 为...伴奏(或伴唱) accomplishment n. 技能；成就 accordion n. 手风琴 account n. 描述 accountant n. 会计 accumulate vt. 积累 accumulation n. 积累 accuracy n. 精确 accusation n. 指控 acidic a. 酸(性)的 acquaintance n. 熟人 acquire vt. 获得 acquire vt. 习得 acquisition n. (有价值的)获得 acre n. 英亩 acute a. 敏锐的, 严重的；剧烈的adaptable a. 适应性强的 adaptation n. 适应 additive a. 加色法的 address vt. 对...发表演说, 对付，处理adjacent a. 邻近的 adjust vt. 调节 adjustment n. 调节 administer vt. 实施，掌管administration n. 政府,(官员)任期；管理administration n. (药的)配给，服用admiring a. 赞美的 adobe n. 砖坯；土墙adolescence n. 青春期 adolescent n. 青少年(此处是类比) adopt vt. 采取，采纳 adoption n. 采用；采纳 adorn vt. 装饰 adrenaline n. 肾上腺素 advance vt. 提升,提出 advantage n. 优点 advent n. 出现；到来 adverse a. 反面的，不友好的 advocate vt. 提倡,n. 提倡者，拥护者aesthetic a. 美学的；审美的 affiliate vt. 使录属于，使成分会员；使紧密联系 affinity n. 密切关系 affirm vt. 声明；断言 affordable a. 买得起的 afloat a. & ad. 漂浮着(的) age vi. 变老，增岁 agent n. 代理商，代理处 aggregate n. 聚集体，总数 aggregation n. 聚集地 aggressive a. 侵略的 aggressively ad. 侵略的；有闯劲的 agitate vi. 煽动；鼓动 agitation n. 活动；鼓动 aide n. 副官 air n. 气氛；外观 airborne airbear的过去分词，意为在空中 airtight vt. 捆绑；捆扎 alchemist n. 炼丹家 aldosterone n. 醛固酮 alga n. 水藻 alien a. 陌生的；外国的 all-star 由明星演员(或运动员)组成的 allegory n. 寓意；寓言 alloy n. 合金 allusive a. 含暗示的；含典故的 aloof a. 远离的；孤零的 alter vt. 改变 alternate a. 可供选择的；可替换的 alternately ad. 交替地 alternative n. 供替代的抉择 altitude n. 高度 aluminum n. 铝 alumni n. 男校友；男毕业生 amateur n. 业余爱好者 amazing a. 令人吃惊的 第 1 页共34 页
托福写作必备词汇：常用逻辑关系词整理 在托福的写作过程中，除了词汇和句型力量的不断累积之外。其实，对于托福写作对于每个同学的规律力量还是有着很高的要求。下面，我们就为大家介绍一下在托福写作中常用的规律词汇有下面几类，盼望各位同学能娴熟把握. 托福写作必备词汇：常用规律关系词 1. 并列关系 and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover,inaddition, what is more, for instance, for example 2. 转折关系 although, however, on the contrary, but, in spiteof,nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite 3. 挨次关系 first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next 4. 因果关系 as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so,therefore,as, since, consequently, on account of 5. 归纳关系 as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short,thus,consequently,
in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word 几个用得比较多的规律（句子）： 1. As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweighits disadvantages. 2. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable. 3. To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ Inaword, it is true that … bring about both positive andnegativeresults. But we can try our best to reduce the negativeinfluenceto the least extent. 4. Obviously, in every aspect, … 5. This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and… 6. As to the other three, though the growth rates were not sohigh,they were indeed remarkable and impressive. 托福写作（范文）：A Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a
3500基础词汇 A a (an) art. 一（个、件……）abandon v. 抛弃，遗弃 ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的abnormal a. 不正常的，变态的aboard prep. 上船（车，飞机）abolish v. 废除，取消abortion n.人工流产，放弃about ad. 大约；到处prep. 关于above prep. 在……上面a. ad. abroad ad. 到（在）国外abrupt a. 突然的 absence n. 不在，缺席absent a. 缺席，不在absolute a. 绝对的，完全的absorb v. 吸收，吸引，使专心abstract a.&n. 抽象的，摘要abundant a. 丰富的，大量的abuse v. 辱骂，滥用academic a.&n. 学术的academy n. 学会，专科学校accelerate v. 加速，加快accent n. 口音，音调accept vt. 接受 access n.&v. 接近accessible a. 可接近的accident n. 事故，意外的事accommodation n. 住宿，设施accompany v.陪同，为……|伴奏accomplish v. 完成 account n. 账目；描述accountant n. 会计accumulate v. 积累，积蓄accuracy n.精确 accurate a. 精确的 accuse v. 控告，指责accustomed a. 习惯于，惯常的 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 达到，取得 achievement n. 成就，功绩 acid a. 酸的，酸性的 acknowledge v. 承认 acquaintance n. 熟人，相识 acquire v. 要求 acquisition n.取得，得到的东西 acre n. 英亩 across prep. 横过，穿过 act n. 法令v. （戏）表演，做事 action n. 行动 active a. 积极的，主动的 activity n. 活动 actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 actual a. 实际的；现实的 acute a. 敏锐的，尖锐的 AD n. 公元 ad (缩) =advertisementn.广告 adapt v. 使适应，改编 adaptation n. 改编，适应 add vt.添加，增加 addicted a. 上瘾的，入迷的 addition n. 增加；（算数用语）加 address n. 地址 adequate a. 足够的，充分的 adjust v. 调整，整顿，使适应于 adjustment n.调整，调节 administration n. 管理，政府 admirable a.令人赞叹的，好的 admire v. 钦佩；羡慕 admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学） adolescene n. 青春期，青春 adolescent n.青少年，青春期的 adopt v. 采取，收养 adore v. 慈爱，友爱，爱慕 adult n. 成年人 advance v. 推进，促进；前进 advantage n. 优点；好处 adventure n. 冒险；奇遇 advertise vt. 为……做广告 advertisement n. 广告 advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议 advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议 advocate v. 拥护，提倡 affair n. 事，事情 affect vt. 影响 affection n. 喜爱，钟爱，爱情 afford vt. 负担得起；提供 afraid a. 害怕的；担心 Africa n. 非洲 African a. 非洲的n. 非洲人 after ad. 后来prep. conj. afternoon n. 下午，午后 afterwards ad. 后来 again ad. 再一次；再，又 against prep. 对着，反对 age n. 年龄；时代 agency n.代理，代理权，机构 agenda n.议程表，议事日程 agent n.代理商，代理人 aggressive a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人的 ago ad. 以前 agree v. 同意；应允 agreement n. 同意，一致；协议 agricultural a. 农业的 agriculture n. 农业，农学 ahead ad. 在前，向前 aid n. 援助；救护；辅助器具 aim n.目标v. 计划；瞄准；针对 air n. 空气；大气 aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同) airline n. 航空公司；航空系统 airmail n. 航空邮件 airplane n. （美）飞机 airport n. 航空站，飞机场 airspace n.领空，空域 alarm n. 警报 album n.相册，邮票册 alcohol n. 酒精 alcoholic a.&n.酒精的 algebra n.代数 alike ad. 相似地，同样地 alive a. 活着的，存在的 all ad. 全部地a. 全（部）pron. allergic a. 过敏性的 alley n.小巷，胡同 allocate v. 分配，拨给，划归 allow vt. 允许，准许 allowance n. 津贴 almost ad. 几乎，差不多 alone a. 单独的，孤独的 along ad 和……一起；prep. 沿着 alongside ad. 沿着，顺着 aloud ad. 大声地 alphabet n. 字母表 already ad. 已经 also ad. 也 alternative a. 可供选择的 although conj. 虽然，尽管 altitude n. 高，高度 altogether ad. 总共 aluminium n. 铝 always ad. 总是；一直；永远 am v. be的人称形式之一 a.m./am，A.M./AM n. 午前，上午 amateur a. 业余的 amaze v.惊奇，惊叹；震惊 amazing a. 令人惊叹的 ambulance n. 救护车 America n. 美国；美洲 3500基础词汇（第 1 页共 26 页）
托福综合写作常用词语及句型 给在准备托福考试的同学分享一些干货托福综合写作常用词语及句型 1. 常用词语 提示逻辑顺序：First of all, First, to start with, Second, Also, Besides, Furthermore, Moreover, Another, in addition to, Finally, Lastly, Third 阅读文章指代：The reading passage, the writer, the author, writer of the reading, the reading material 听力材料指代：Professor, lecturer, speaker, instructor, presenter, lecture, speech, talk, the listening, the presentation 表转折类关系词语：However, but, yet, even so, despite that, even though, although, while, whereas 反驳类词语：contradicts, challenges, clashes with, conflicts with, denies, opposes, runs counter to, raises doubts about, throws …into doubt, in opposition to, in stark contrast to, in spite of, questions, cast doubt on, disagree with, 研究类词语：explore, analyzes, examines, deals with, is concerned with, is about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates(深入研究) 讨论类词语：think，believes, argues, asserts, claims, contends, insists, states, indicates, discusses, raise the issue that,