复习资料
大学英语（非英语专业学生适用）
By 2012级市场营销专业刘地生
华东交通大学经管学院| 江西省南昌市青山湖区双港东大道华东交通大学808号
六级写作必背：加分句型
一、~~~the+V.比较级+ (that) + 主词+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc.)
~~~the most+adj.+n.+ (that) + 主词+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc.)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is+ ~~~er than to+V
Nothing is+more+ 形容词+than to+V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~cannot emphasize the importance of~~~too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes toomuch.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that+S+V...（不可否认的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gonefrom bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that+ 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable tous.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that+ 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leavessomethingto be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of~~~is that+ 句子（...的优点是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’tcreate(produce)any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why+ 句子~~~is that+ 句子（...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provideus with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply freshair for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So+ 形容词+be+ 主词+that+ 句子（如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj+as+Subject（主词）+be,S+V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by nomeans satisfactory.
{by no means=in no way=on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意
十一、The+ ~er+S+V, ~~~the+ ~er+S+V~~~
The+more+Adj+S+V, ~~~the+more+Adj+S+V~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work,the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read,the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By+Ving, ~~can~~ （借着...，..能够..）
例句：By taking exercise,we can always stay healthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~enable+Object（受词）+to+V（..使..能够..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we+V~~~ （我们绝对不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time+S+ 过去式（该是...的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solvethe traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but~~~ （没有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner,I am compelled togive up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that+ 句子（可想而知的）
It is obvious that+ 句子（明显的）
It is apparent that+ 句子（显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in ourlife.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don’t like it.夏天很炽热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past+ 时间，S+ 现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years,I have been busy preparing for theexamination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since+S+ 过去式，S+ 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to+V~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on（以...为基础）
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to+V（不遗余力的）
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境
二十六、bring home to+ 人+ 事（让...明白...事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of workinghard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to~~ （与...息息相关）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of+Ving =make it a rule to+V（养成...的习惯）
例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving, ~~~ （因为...）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+S+V!（多么...！）
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on~~~ （对...有很大的影响）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to（对...有益），do harm to（对...有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to~~ （对...造成一大威胁）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one’s utmost to+V=do one’s best（尽全力去...）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去实现我们的人生目标。
六级作文：布局常用八种句型
一、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation。
A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem)。
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors。
3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.。。
4.The factors that contribute to this situation include.。。
5.The change https://www.doczj.com/doc/e1865289.html,rgely results from the fact that.。。
6.We may blame...,but the real causes are.。。
7.Part of the explanations for it is that.。。
One of the most common factors(causes)is that.。。
Another contributing factor(cause)is.。。
Perhaps the primary factor is that…
But the fundamental cause is that
二、比较
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages。
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B。
3.A may be preferable to B,but A suffers from the disadvantages that.。。
4.It is reasonable to maintain that...but it would be foolish to claim that.。。
5.For all the disadvantages,it has its compensating advantages。
6.Like anything else,it has its faults。
7.A and B has several points in common。
8.A bears some resemblances to B。
9.However,the same is not applicable to B。
10.A and B differ in several ways。
11.Evidently,it has both negative and positive effects。
12.People used to think...,but things are different now。
13.The same is true of B。
14.Wondering as A is,it has its drawbacks。
15.It is true that A... ,but the chief faults(obvious defects)are.。.
三、批驳
1.It is true that...,but one vital point is being left out。
2.There is a grain of truth in these statements,but they ignore a moreimportant fact。
3.Some people say...,but it does not hold water。
4.Many of us have been under the illusion that.。。
5.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is。
6.It makes no sense to argue for.。。
7.Too much stress placed on...may lead to.。。
8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that.。。
9.Contrary to what is widely accepted,I maintain that.。。
四、后果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems。
2.The immediate result it produces is.。。
3.It will exercise a profound influence upon.。。
4.Its consequence can be so great that.。。
五、举例
1.A good case in point is.。。
2.As an illustration,we may take.。。
3.Such examples might be given easily。
4. ...is often cited as an example。
六、证明
1.No one can deny the fact that.。。
2.The idea is hardly supported by facts。
3.Unfortunately,none of the available data shows.。。
4.Recent studies indicate that.。。
5.There is sufficient evidence to show that.。。
6.According to statistics proved by...,it can be seen that.。。
七、开篇
1.Many nations have been faced with the problem of.。。
2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus。
3.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic。
4.Recently the issue has aroused great concern among.。。
5.Nowadays there is a growing concern over.。。
6.Never in our history has the idea that...been so popular。
7.Faced with...,quite a few people argue that.。。
8.According to a recent survey, .。。
9.With the rapid development of..., .。。
八、结尾
1.From what has been discussed above,we can draw the conclusion that.。。
2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop.。。
3.It is necessary that steps should be taken to.。。
4.In conclusion,it is imperative that.。。
5.There is no easy method,but...might be of some help。
6)To solve the above-mentioned problem,we must.。。
7.In summary,if we continue to ignore the abovementioned issue,more problems will crop up。
8.With the efforts of all parts concerned,the problem will be solved thoroughly。
9.We might do more cause;it is important to take actions to.。。
10.Taking all these into account,we.。。
11.Whether it is good or not/positive or negative,one thing is certain/clear.
CET-6高频词组之Take
1.take after与…相象
例句：He takes after his father.他和父亲很相象。
2.take apart拆开(机器等)
例句：Please take apart the machine at first.请先将机器拆开。
3.take…as把…理解为
例句：But we are clearly shifting.What we take as typical British reserve has been significantly eroded. 但是我们确实在改变。我们所恪守的典型的英国式保守已经发生了很大的变化。
4.take away拿走，夺去，使离去；减去
例句：Don't take away my chocolate!别拿走我的巧克力！
5.take down取下；记下；拆卸
例句：Please take down the notes.请做好笔记。
6.take for认为，以为；误认为
例句：She takes his love for granted.她把他的付出当做理所当然。
7.take on接受；包含；领会；承担，从事；呈现，具有；雇佣
例句：It is too early for him to take on heavy responsibilities.让他当此重任还为时尚早。
8.take into account把…考虑进去
例句：You'd better take all into account.你最好全面考虑。
9.take issue with sb. 与某人争论
例句：I must take issue with you on that point.关于那一点，我不得不和你持不同意见。
10.take off拿走；脱下(衣帽等)；起飞
例句：When will we take off?飞机何时起飞？
11take up拿起；着手处理；占去
例句：Shall we take up the business now?我们现在来谈谈生意吧！
12.take sb.to task责备某人，申斥某人
例句：The teacher had to take Jim to task over the unfinished homework.Jim没有完成作业被老师骂了一顿。13.take oneself off走开，离去
例句：She took herself off quickly.她匆匆离去。
14.take over占据；接任(职位)
例句：He takes over the new manager.他成为新经理。
15.take out拿出；去掉；扣除；(通过申请等)取得，办理；(on)对…发泄
例句：Don't take it out on him.别冲他发火呀。
CET-6高频词组之Turn
1.turn away走开；把脸转过去
例句：The beautiful scenery make me powerless to turn away.美丽景色让我留恋不舍。
2.turn one's back on不理睬
例句：When she needed his support,he just turn his back on her.她需要他的帮助，而他却不理不睬。
3.turn out生产；驱逐；翻转，结果是
例句：It turns out that he cheated his wife.结果是他背叛妻子。
4.turn on开，旋开(电灯等)
例句：It's dark.Will you mind turning on light?天黑了，可以开灯吗？
5.turn off关(水源等)；拐弯
例句：Please turn off tap before leaving.离开前，记得关水龙头！
6.turn into进入；使变成，使成为
例句：Liquids can turn into gases under certain conditions.液体在一定的条件下能变成气体。
7.turn in转身进入；拐入；交出；上床睡觉
例句：Please turn in your homework.请把作业交过来。
8.turn down关小，调低；拒绝
例句：He turned down money from his family.他不要家里人给的钱。
9.turn sb's blood cold使毛骨悚然
例句：The thriller turns his blood cold.惊悚片让他毛骨悚然。
10.turn against对…采取敌对态度
例句：Nothing can make us turn against our country.没什么东西能使我们背叛祖国
11.by turns轮流，交替
例句：The students cleaned the classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。
12.take turns依次，轮流
例句：You can't both use the bike at once you'll have to take turns.你们不能两人同时用这辆自行车--得轮流使用。
13.on the turn正在转变中
例句：So much often depends on the turn of the wheel of fortune.这么多的事情往往由命运之轮的转动来决定。
14.turn back(使)折回；(使)往回走
例句：But the tide is unlikely to turn back.但这一潮流已无法逆转。
15.turn around/round转变，(使)转好
例句：When we turn around and look at her,she stopped confusedly.
当我们都扭头看她的时候，她慌乱地停了下来。
16.in turn依次，轮流；转而，反过来
例句：They work as a team and rest in turns.它们相互合作并轮班休息。
17.turn up出现；找到；证明是
例句：You never know where happiness will turn up next.你不知道何时何地幸福就会降临。
18.turn to变成；求助于；着手；查阅
例句：He turns to violence to handle the problem.他解决问题的态度是述诸武力。
19.turn over(机器等)运转；翻过来；仔细考虑
例句：Please turn over the book.请把书翻过来。
CET-6高频词组之Put
1.put across/over解释清楚；做成(交易)
例句：Teachers often find such things very difficult to put across.教师常常发现这类问题很难讲清楚。
2.put up with忍受，容忍(讨厌的人)
例句：They broke up when both of them can't put up with each other any more.
当双方再也无法忍受对方时，他们就分手了。
3.put up举起；安装；张贴；建造，搭起，支起；为…。提供住宿；进行(抵抗)；提高(价格)；提名
例句：Google has invested in a new company that wants to put up a system of satellites over Africa.
谷歌已经投资了一家新公司，该希望建立起覆盖整个非洲的卫星系统。
4.put to(船只顺避风等而)靠岸，应用
例句：The murderer was put to death.那个凶手被处以死刑。
5.put through使穿过；使从事；接通(电话)，为…接通电话
例句：Could you put through a collect call for me?你能为我接一个对方付费电话吗？
6.put out熄灭；关(灯)；出版；伸出；生产
例句：Could you put out your cigarette,please?请您将香烟掐熄好吗?
This book is about Tibet and it was put out very early.这本书是关于西藏的，很早就出版了。
7.put on穿上；上演；教唆；增加(体重)
例句：When law schools put on conferences,lawyers turn up.法学院开的研讨会，律师都会参加。
8.put off推迟，拖延；阻碍
例句：You cannot put off this decision.你不能拖延这些决策。
9.put in花费；正式提出
例句：Every line in his face deepened as he said it,and put in its affecting evidence of the suffering he hadundergone. 在讲话的时候，他脸上一条条的皱纹更加深了，明显地对他受过的苦痛提供了令人感动的证据。
10.put aside储存，保留；把…放在一边，暂不考虑
例句：Let us put aside all the troubles,sadness.让我们抛开一切的烦恼，忧伤。
11.put forward提出(要求、事实等)
例：Finally,the authors put forward some view points forimproving the structure of Shanghai urban railway network.
然后，针对上海城市轨道交通路网结构提出改进意见。
12.put down记下；镇压；杀死
例句：The policy put down the inflation.这个政策抑止通货膨胀。
13.put away把…收起；储存，积攒
例句：Put away your pencil box!把你的铅笔盒收起来。
14.Put sb.out of job使某人失业
例句：The financial crisis put many people out of job.金融危机让不少人失业了。
15.put one’s feeling into words用语言表达感情
例句：It's hard to put his feeling into words.他的感情难以言表了。
CET-6高频词组之Go
1.go back on违背(诺言等); 毁(约)
例句：He is a reliable man and will never go back on his word.他是个可靠的人，决不会食言的。
2.go for竭力想取得，喜爱，适用于
例句：If you can,get up and go for a walk outside.如果可以，站起来去外面走走。
3.go in for从事，致力，爱好；追求
例句：Lots of men go in for fishing.很多人对钓鱼很有兴趣。
4.go into研究，调查，进入
例句：I will not go into the character of Herndon as he was then.我不打算详谈当时赫恩登是怎样的一个人物。
5.go through经历，详细检查；完成
例句：Allowing ourselves to go through the grief process helps us to adapt and get on withlife.
让自己度过这个悲伤的过程能够帮助我们去适应和享受生活。
6.go with伴随，与…协调；与…持同一看法
例句：If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding,you can gowith him/her.
假如你的朋友收到婚礼请柬，你可以跟他一起去。
7.go without没有……也行
例句：We can go without food or water for a few days.没有了食物和水，我们能活几天。
8.on the go很忙
例句：Healthy,happy people are usually on the go.健康而幸福的人通常都很活跃。
9.go against反对；对…不利
例句：But such an extension in Iraq would clearly go against public opinion here.
但是延长伊拉克驻军的使命明显与日本公众意见相左。
10.go after追求/赶; 设法得到
例句：I've decided to go after that job.我决定力争得到那份工作。
11.go about着手做，处理，忙于
例句：We must go about our work now.我现在必须要着手我们的工作。
12.go up上升，增加，建起；(物价等)上涨
例句：If we lose a lot of corn the prices will continue to go up.如果我们损失大量玉米作物，价格还将继续走高。
13.go under下沉，沉没；失败；破产
例句：The firm will go under unless business improves.这家公司要“破产”了，除非业务好转。
CET-6高频词组之Call
1.call forth唤起，引起；鼓起(勇气，精神)
例句：We call forth the archaic forces!我们召唤着古老的力量！
2.call for要求，需要，提倡
例句：Plans call for using it at tastings and special events.计划要求其用于品尝或一些特殊的活动。
3.call back叫回来，收回(错话等)
例句：Can you call back in an hour?你能一小时之后再打回来吗？
4.call up征召(服役)，动员
例句：The government is calling up soldiers.政府正在征召兵员。
5.call off叫走，叫开；取消
例句：Please call off the meeting.会议取消了。
CET-6高频词组之Make
1.be made up of由…组成，由…构成
例句：Our world is not made up of full information and"rational"actors.
我们的世界不是由充分信息和”理智“行为者组成。
2.make it办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时达到
例句：I make it!我做到了!
3.make believe假装，假扮
Not that we want to make believe that we are mad men;we will go mad,though,in our own timeand in our own way.倒不是我们想要伪装疯狂，尽管在我们的时代，以我们的方式，我们迟早会疯狂。
4.make of了解；用…制造
例句：Her wedding ring be make of genuine diamond.她的结婚戒指是用真正的钻石做的。
5.make up to接近；巴结；向…求爱
例句：Jack tried to make up to his boss.杰克试图讨好他的上司。
6.make up for补偿，弥补
例句：You should make up for lost time.你应说把失去的时间弥补回来。
7.make up拼凑；组成；补偿;捏造，临时编造，虚高；化装；和解
例句：They pride themselves on their independence,their right to make up their own minds.
他们为他们自己有权利去做出自己的选择的独立而感到骄傲。
8.make as if假装；装作
例句：We will make as if to leave,then come back and surprise him with a birthday present.
我们假装离开，然后回来给他一个生日礼物让他惊喜一番。
9.make over把(财产)转让；改造
例句：He asked the tailor to make over his trousers.他叫裁缝修改他的裤子。
10.make away(急忙)离去；逃走
例句：He killed the guard and made away.他杀死了卫兵后匆忙逃走了。
11.make away with携…而逃；摧毁；浪费
例句：They were trying to make away with the evidence of their guilt.他们正企图销毁罪证。
12.make for导致
例句：Moreover,the mandatory price reductions make for small profits.而且，强制性价格法规导致药厂利润微薄。
13.make down改小(衣服)
例句：Can you make the dress down for me?你能把这件衣服改小让我穿吗?
14.make beds铺床叠被
例句：Make beds and straighten up rooms.整理床铺和房间。
15.make fun of嘲笑；开…玩笑
例句：It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.嘲笑残疾人是不对的。
CET-6考试写作中的强调句艺术
一、用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调
例句:Red Army fought a battle on this very spot. 红军就在此地打过一仗。
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. 今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。
二、用反身代词表示强调
例句:I myself will see her off at the station. 我将亲自到车站为她送行。
You can do it well yourself. 你自己能做好这件事情。
三、用助词“do”表示强调
例句:The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache. 务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。
四、用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”，“just”等表示强调
例句:He drank it to the very last drop.他把它喝得一干二净。
Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops. 只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。
He didn’t answer even my letter.他甚至连我的信都不回。
I will too go！我要去的！
The scenery is just superb. 风景真是美极了。
五、用“...and that”，“...and those”，“not...too much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调
例句:They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days. 他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。
I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday. 前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。
I can’t thank you too much. 我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。
I am not unfaithful to you. 我对你无比忠诚。
六、用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“onlytoo”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“onearth”，“under the sun”等表示强调
例句:His behaviour was in every way perfect. 他的举止确实无可挑剔。
By all means take your son with you. 你一定要把儿子带来。
The news was only too true. 这消息确实是事实。
It was over all too soon！此事的确了结得很快！
Where in heaven were you then？当时你到底在哪里？
Nobody under the sun would buy that car. 确实没有人会买那辆车。
七、用倒装句表示强调
例句:Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！
In wine is the truth. 酒后吐真言。
八、用强调句型表示强调
例句:It was the headmaster who opened the door for me. 正是校长为我开的门。
It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment. 就是在昨天我们做了那个实验
CET-6语法：关于英语中的否定句
1) 一般否定句
例句:I don‘t know this.No news is good news.
There is no person/not a person/not any person in the house.
2)特指否定
例句:He went to his office,not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don‘t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
例句:I don‘t know all of them.
I can‘t see everybody/everything.
All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都对。）
All is not gold that glitters. （闪光的不一定都是金子。）
Both of them are not right.（并非两人都对。）
4)全体否定
例句:None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
Neither of them is right.
5) 延续否定
例句:You didn‘t see him,neither/nor did I.
You don‘t know,I don‘t know either.
He doesn‘t know English,let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.
6) 半否定句
例句:We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English.
I saw few people.
7) 双重否定
例句:You can‘t make something out of nothing.
What‘s done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can‘t help/keep/laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but(that)he can learn.
8)排除否定
例句:Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help,I couldn‘t do it.
9)加强否定
例句:I won‘t do it at all.
I can‘t see it any more.
He is no longer a boy
新大学英语综合教程3Part 3 原文及译文：
A Vision of Students Today (& What Teachers Must Do)
When I walked into my classroom for the first day of school two weeks ago I was immediately reminded of the real problem now facing education. The problem is not just “written on the walls.” It’s built into them.
两周前开学的第一天，我走进教室，当时的情形立刻使我想到了教育面临的真正问题。这个问题并非仅仅“写在教室的墙上”，而是与生俱来，筑造在其间。
I arrived early, finding 493 empty numbered chairs sitting mindlessly fixated on the front of the room. A 600 square foot screen stared back at them. Hundreds of students would soon fill the chairs, but the carefully designed sound-absorbing walls and ceiling, along with state of the art embedded speakers, ensured that there would only be one person in this room to be heard. That person would be me,
我到的较早，看到493个标着编号的空座位被固定在教室的前部。一个600平方英尺的大屏幕悬挂在座位前方。不久之后，几百个学生就将坐上这些位子，但精心设计的吸音墙、天花板，内臵的高科技扬声器使这个房
间中只有一个人的声音能被大家听到。那个人就是我。
The room is nothing less than a state of the art information dump, a physical manifestation of the all too pervasive yet narrow and na?ve assumption that to learn is simply to acquire information, built for teachers to effectively carry out the relatively simple task of conveying information. Its sheer size, layout, and technology are testaments to the efficiency and expediency with which we can now provide students with their required credit hours.
这间房间不亚于设施最先进的“倾倒”信息的场所，它的存在表明了大家普遍持有的一个观念。该观念既
狭隘又幼稚，它认为学习就是获取信息，建这个教室就是要让教师执行传递信息这个相对简单的任务。它的大小、布局、科技设施都证明了教育的效率和便捷，凭着这些，我们可以给学生提供他们所需的学时。
My class is popular. We only enroll 400 so there should have been plenty of seats but on the first day all seats were filled and it was standing room only in the back. The room was buzzing with energy as friends reconnected after the long summer.
我的课很受欢迎。我们只招400人，教室里本该有许多空位子，但第一天上课，所有位子都坐满了，只有教室的后面还有些站立之地。经过了长长的暑假，朋友们重又见面，一下聊开了，教室中满是他们说话的嗡嗡声。
I started talking and an almost deafening silence greeted my first words. I have always been amazed and intimidated by this silence. It seems to so tenuously await my next words. The silence is immediately filled with the more subtle yet powerful messages sent by 500 sets of eyes which I continuously scan, “listening” to what they have to say as I talk. In an instant those eyes can turn from wonder and excitement to the disheartening glaze of universal and irreversible disengagement. Perpetually dreading this glaze I nervously pace as I talk and use grandiose gestures. At times I feel desperate for their attention. I rush to amuse them with jokes and stories as I swing, twist, and swirl that gyromouse, directing the 786,432 pixels dancing points of light behind me, hoping to dazzle them with a multi-media extravaganza.
我开始讲授，但我的开篇语换来的是不一般的寂静。这种静默使我惊讶，令我畏惧。它似乎在等待我之后
的话语。这片寂静中立刻充满了由500双眼睛传递出的更微妙、更强有力的信息，我不时扫过这些眼睛，“倾
听”它们在我讲课时要说的话语。转瞬间，这些眼睛能从惊愕、激动变为令人沮丧的呆滞和不可逆转的抽离。
因为总是害怕呆滞的目光，我讲课时不安地走动着，并用到了手势。我有时会非常渴望能获得他们的注意。
我急于用笑话、故事来取悦他们，同时摆动、拨弄、转动着那只鼠标，指引着我身后786,432个像素的跳跃光点，希望用一场多媒体的炫目表演使他们着迷。
Somehow I seem to hold their attention for the full hour. I marvel at what a remarkable achievement it is to bring hundreds of otherwise expressive, exuberant, and often rebellious youths into a single room and have them sit quietly in straight rows while they listen to the authority with the microphone.
我似乎整堂课都吸引了他们的注意力。将几百个在一般场合极富表现力、精力充沛、还经常叛逆的年轻人
带到同一个房间，让他们安静地坐成笔直的长排，聆听带着麦克风的权威授课真是一项非凡的成就，我对此深
感惊奇。
The “getting by” game.
Reports from my teaching assistants sitting in the back of the room tell a different story. Apparently, several students standing in the back cranked up their iPods as I started to lecture and never turned them off, sometimes even breaking out into dance. My lecture could barely be heard nearby as the sound-absorbing panels and state of the art speakers were apparently no match for those blaring iPods. Scanning the room my assistants also saw students cruising Facebook, instant messaging, and texting their friends. The students were undoubtedly engaged, just not with me.
我的几个助教坐在教室后面，他们的报告给我讲述了一个截然不同的故事。很明显，我开始讲课时，站在
教室后边的几个学生就打开了他们的iPod，一直没有关掉，他们有时甚至还舞蹈起来。因为吸音的隔板和高科
技的扬声器压根不能和那些声响巨大的iPod相匹敌，附近的学生几乎听不到我的讲课。目光扫过教室，助教也
看到有学生在Facebook上漫游，在使用即时短信，或在给朋友发送消息。毫无疑问，这些学生都在做着些什
么，只不过，不在做我的事。
My teaching assistants consoled me by noting that students have learned that they can “get by” without paying attention in their classes. Perhaps feeling a bit encouraged by my look of incredulity, my TA’s continued with a long list of other activities students have learned that they can “get by” without doing. Studying, taking notes, reading the textbook, and coming to class topped the list. It wasn’t the list that impressed me. It was the unquestioned assumption that “getting by”is the name of the game. Our students are so alienated by education that they are trying to sneak right past it.
助教安慰我，说学生们都知道就算上课不听，课程也能过。我觉得很不可思议，可能是这种神情使我的助
教讲了一长串事情，学生们知道就算不去做，最后也能过关。这一长串中前几位的是学习、记笔记，阅读教科
书、和来上课。令我印象深刻的并不是这一长串，而是无人质疑的设定：游戏的名字就是“过得去”。我们的
学生被教育如此异化，他们正试图取巧钻教育的空子。
Last spring I asked my students how many of them did not like school. Over half of them rose their hands. When I asked how many of them did not like learning, no hands were raised. I have tried this with faculty and get similar results. Last year’s U.S. Professor of the Year,Chris Sorensen, began his acceptance speech by announcing, “I hate school.” The crowd, made up largely of other outstanding faculty, overwhelmingly agreed. And yet he went on to speak with passionate conviction about his love of learning and the desire to spread that love. And there’s the rub. We love learning. We hate school. What’s worse is that many of us hate school because we love learning.
去年春天，我问学生有多少人不喜欢学校。有一半多的人举手。我又问起有多少人不喜欢学习，没人举
手。我也问过老师同样的两个问题，得到的是类似的答案。去年的美国年度教授Chris Sorensen，在他的获奖
致辞中开门见山地讲到，“我讨厌学校。”观众们几乎一致赞同他的看法，而其中的大部分是杰出教师。但他
又带着热情的信念，讲述对学习的热爱，以及对传播这种热爱的渴望。这就是矛盾所在。我们热爱学习，讨厌
学校。更糟的是我们中的许多人因为热爱学习而讨厌学校。
What went wrong?
How did institutions designed for learning become so widely hated by people who love learning?
为什么热爱学习的人几乎都讨厌起了为学习而设计建造的机构？
The video seemed to represent what so many were already feeling, and it became the focal point for many theories. While some simply blamed the problems on the students themselves, others recognized a broader pattern. Most blamed technology, though for very different reasons. Some simply suggested that new technologies are too distracting and superficial and that they should be banned from the classroom. Others suggested that students are now “wired” differently. Created in the image of these technologies, luddites imagine students to be distracted and superficial while techno-optimists see a new generation of hyper-thinkers bored with old school ways.
视频中的内容似乎代表了许多人都感受到的信息，它也成了诸多理论的焦点。有些人将教育的问题简单地
归罪于学生自身，而另一些人则看到了更多。虽然出于不同的原因，但大多数人都认为技术得为教育的问题担
责。有人简单地提出建议，认为新技术太让人分心，过于表面化，应该禁止进入教室。另一些人则说学生如今
被不同的方式“连接”了起来。在技术的意象中产生的勒德分子（反技术进步派）认为技术让学生分心，并使
他们变得肤浅，而技术乐观派却看到了新一代的超级思想者，他们厌倦了旧的学校体制。
Texting, web-surfing, and iPods are just new versions of passing notes in class, reading novels under the desk, and surreptitiously listening to Walkmans. They are not the problem. They are just the new forms in which we see it. Fortunately, they allow us to see the problem in a new way, and more clearly than ever, if we are willing to pay attention to what they are really saying.
发短信、上网、听iPod只不过是以前课堂上传纸条、躲在课桌下读小说、听随身听的升级版。它们本身不
是问题。它们只是我们看到的问题的新的表现形式。所幸它们能使我们以新的方式，比从前更为清晰地看待问
题，只要我们愿意注意它们传递的内容。
They tell us, first of all, that despite appearances, our classrooms have been fundamentally changed. There is literally something in the air, and it is nothing less than the digital artifacts of over one billion people and computers
networked together collectively producing over 2,000 gigabytes of new information per second. While most of our classrooms were built under the assumption that information is scarce and hard to find, nearly the entire body of human knowledge now flows through and around these rooms in one form or another, ready to be accessed by laptops, cellphones, and iPods. Classrooms built to re-enforce the top-down authoritative knowledge of the teacher are now enveloped by a cloud of ubiquitous digital information where knowledge is made, not found, and authority is continuously negotiated through discussion and participation. In short, they tell us that our walls no longer mark the boundaries of our classrooms.
它们告诉我们，首先，不管表相如何，教室已被根本改变了。空气中确实有某种东西存在，那就是数字的
工艺品：十亿多的人和电脑连接成网，每秒钟共产生2万亿字节的新信息。大多数教室在建造时都秉承了一个
理念，那就是信息很少，很难发现，而现在人类的所有知识都在这些教室中间或周围以某种方式流动，它们随
时都能通过笔记本电脑、手机、iPod等被接触到。建造教室是为了巩固教师的权威知识，它自上而下地向学生
传递，但现在教室四周包围着数字信息云，它们无处不在。在那里，知识被创造而非被发现，人们的讨论与参
与使权威在不断的商讨中逐渐形成。简而言之，它们传递的信息是：墙不再是分隔教室的边界。
And that’s what has been wrong all along. Some time ago we started taking our walls too seriously – not just the walls of our classrooms, but also the metaphorical walls that we have constructed around our “subjects,”“disciplines,” and “courses.” McLuhan’s statement about the bewildered child confronting “the education establishment where information is scarce but ordered and structured by fragmented, classified patterns, subjects, and schedules” still holds true in most classrooms today. The walls have become so prominent that they are even reflected in our language, so that today there is something called “the real world” which is foreign and set apart from our schools. When somebody asks a question that seems irrelevant to this real world, we say that it is “merely academic.”
这就是长久以来的错误所在。以前，我们太过在意周围的“墙”，——不仅是隔断教室的墙，还有围绕着
“科目”、“学科”、“课程”构建起来的带隐喻意味的“墙”。这些“墙”太过突显，甚至映射到我们的语
言，以致会有所谓的“真实世界”，那是和学校不相干的、被分隔开的地方。有人问起和真实世界似乎不相关
的问题，我们又会说那“只是学术圈的事”。
Not surprisingly, our students struggle to find meaning and significance inside these walls. They tune out of class, and log on to Facebook.
毫不奇怪，我们的学生在“墙”内奋力寻求学习的意义而不得。他们转向教室外，登录进入Facebook。
The solution.
Fortunately, the solution is simple. We don’t have to tear the walls down. We just have to stop pretending that the walls separate us from the world, and begin working with students in the pursuit of answers to real and relevant questions.
所幸，解决的方法还算简单。我们不需要拆毁这些“墙”，只要不再假装认为这些“墙”将我们从真实的世界隔开，并开始和学生一起共同努力，寻求真正的相关问题的答案。
When we do that we can stop denying the fact that we are enveloped in a cloud of ubiquitous digital information where the nature and dynamics of knowledge have shifted. We can acknowledge that most of our students have powerful devices on them that give them instant and constant access to this cloud (including almost any answer to almost any multiple choice question you can imagine). We can welcome laptops, cell phones, and iPods into our classrooms, not as distractions, but as powerful learning technologies. We can use them in ways that empower and engage students in real world problems and activities, leveraging the enormous potentials of the digital media environment that now surrounds us. In the process, we allow students to develop much-needed skills in navigating and harnessing this new media environment, including the wisdom to know when to turn it off. When students are engaged in projects that are meaningful and important to them, and that make them feel meaningful and important, they will enthusiastically turn off their cellphones and laptops to grapple with the most difficult texts and take on the most rigorous tasks.
我们这么做，就可以不再否认一个事实，那就是，我们被无所不在的数字信息云包围，在这其间，知识的
本质和动态已发生了改变。我们也可以承认大多数学生拥有强效的装臵，可以经常快速地使用这一数字信息云（包括找到你所能想到的任何一个多项选择题的答案）。我们可以欢迎笔记本电脑、手机和iPod进入教室，不
再认为它们是让人分心的东西，而是强大的促进学习的技术。我们可以换种方式，允许学生利用它们来回答真
实世界的问题，并从事真实世界中的活动，扩大包围着我们的数字媒体环境的巨大潜能。在此过程中，我们也
允许学生发展在使用这一新媒体环境时所需的技能，包括知道什么时候要关掉装臵。学生从事有意义，重要的
事情，会让他们自身觉得有意义、重要，他们会积极关掉手机、笔记本电脑，学起最难的课文，承担起最严苛
的任务。
A New Age of Celebrity Worship
Brad and Angelina, Tom and Katie, Nick and Jessica - it seems people can't get enough of hearing about the gritty details of celebrities' lives.It's called being "star struck," and it's a phenomenon that is not only bigger than life - it's bigger than ever.
布拉德和安吉丽娜，汤姆和凯蒂，尼克和杰西卡——关于名人生活中的那些八卦细节，人们好象总也听不够。这就是所谓的“追星”，一种比一切都更重要——在以往的任何时代都没有如此突出的现象。
"You have a confluence of forces coming together in technology and the media to make it happen and it's worldwide and it's multiplying like lice," says Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D., spokesman for the American Psychological Association and professor emeritus of media psychology at the California State University at Los Angeles.
“来自技术和媒体的力量融合在一起促使追星现象产生，传遍全球，并像虱子繁衍一样迅速繁荣”，美国心理协会发言人、美国加州州立大学洛杉矶分校媒体心理学名誉教授斯图亚特〃菲思霍夫说。
Indeed, from the international mania of the New York Post's Page Six, to increasing circulation of celebrity-driven publications like People, US, OK, and In Style, to the cult star status of gossip reporters like Entertainment Tonight's Mary Hart and the New York Daily News' Rush & Malloy, there is no question that all-things-celebrity have captured - and are keeping - our attention like never before.
实际上，从《纽约邮报》第六版风靡全球，到诸如《人物周刊》（People）、《美国周刊》（US）、《星尚》（OK）、《型时代》（In Style）等受名人效应驱策的出版物发行量的不断增加，毫无疑问，名人的一切已经并正在前所未有地牢牢地抓住我们的注意力。
But what drives our endless fascination with celebrity worship? And more important, can its enticing seduction ever be harmful to our health?The answer, it seems, depends a lot on who is doing the worshipping - and the reasons why.
但驱使我们无休止地崇拜名人的动力是什么?更为重要的是，名人崇拜的迷人诱惑力会对我们的健康有害吗?答案似乎取决于谁在崇拜以及其崇拜的原因是什么。
"Like most things there's a dimensional approach here; there are some people who are fascinated by celebrities lives, but also involved in meaningful activities and relationships in their own lives, and for these people star watching is usually a harmless diversion," says Eric Hollander, M.D., professor of psychiatry and director of the Compulsive, Impulsive and Anxiety Disorders program at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.
美国纽约西奈山医学院的精神病学教授、《强迫障碍、冲动障碍和焦虑症》课程主任艾瑞克〃郝兰德尔说：“如同其他事物一样，这里也有个尺度问题。有些人对名人的生活很着迷，但在自己的生活中照样从事有意义的活动，进行有意义的人际交往。对于这些人来说，追星通常是一种无害的娱乐”。
For others, however, things don't go quite that way.Hollander says there are an increasing number of us for whom the fascination with celebrities is a substitution for real life - with the focus on a celebrity replacing the focus that should be on our own lives. And that, he says, is the point at which some folks begin to get into trouble.Depression, anxiety, and a decrease in self-esteem are just some of the documented problems that can result when we take the
focus off our own lives and instead focus all our energy on the life of a celebrity.
但是对另一些人来说事情却不完全如此。郝兰德尔表示，有越来越多的人以追星替代了真实的生活——他们把本应该对自己生活的关注放在了名人身上。而正是在这一点上，这些人陷入了麻烦。当我们不再关注自己的生活，而是将全部的精力投注到对名人的关注上时，就会引发种种问题。这些问题都已经得到了确证。抑郁、焦虑和自尊的降低都仅仅是其中的一些而已。
The Science of Hero Worship
英雄崇拜学
The theory behind how and why we come to worship celebrities (and why some of us are more affected than others) is a pop-culture question almost as old as pop culture itself.In fact, experts say that as long as there have been those who pull ahead of the crowd in fame or fortune, there has been a curious crowd wanting to follow. Fischoff, who has academically studied the cult of celebrity, says the very need to find an idol and follow him is programmed into our DNA.
我们如何并且为何崇拜名人（以及为什么我们其中的一些人更容易受影响）是一个几乎同流行文化本身一样古老的流行文化问题。实际上，专家们认为，只要有人在声誉或者财富方面遥遥领先，就有一群好奇大众想要跟随。对狂热崇拜名人现象进行学术研究的菲思霍夫教授说寻找偶像和追随偶像的需要是根植在我们的基因中的。
"What's in our DNA, as a social animal, is the interest in looking at alpha males and females; the ones who are important in the pack," says Fischoff. We are sociologically preprogrammed to "follow the leader," he says, and notes that we are biochemical sitting ducks for the Hollywood star system; even the stars themselves get caught up in the mystique."I know celebrities that are star struck by other celebrities - even major politicians are more likely to sit up and take notice of an issue when a celebrity is doing the talking. So this is clearly something that really is in our DNA," says Fischoff.
“作为一种社会动物，我们天生就对优秀的男女，那些在人群中举足轻重的人们，感兴趣”，菲思霍夫教授说。他认为，从社会学意义上说，我们被“预先编程去追随领袖”。对于好莱坞造星制度来说，我们在生物本能上就易受其蛊惑，甚至那些明星们自己也无法逃脱这一神秘魔力。“我知道有些知名人士被其他名人所倾倒——甚至一些政界高官听到名人演说时也更乐意正襟危坐、洗耳恭听。显然，名人崇拜真的是我们天生就有的东西”，菲思霍夫教授说。
The real issue however, may be that some of us clearly handle the impact of that DNA better than others. That's precisely the finding of several studies that helped establish the idea of "Celebrity Worship" as a recognizable mental health problem for some.
然而，真正的问题可能是，我们中的一些人显然比其他人更好地处理了我们的天性带来的影响。这正是若干次研究后的发现。这些研究确立了这样一个概念，即“名人崇拜”对有些人来说是一个可诊断的心理健康问题。
In research published in the British Journal of Psychology, psychologists established a "sliding scale" of celebrity worship - one in which the devoted fan becomes increasingly hooked into the object of their attention, until their feelings begin to resemble addiction.
在一项研究中（其结果发表在《英国心理学杂志》上），心理学家们建立了一个名人崇拜的“滑动量表”。其中，忠诚的崇拜者们越来越被他们关注的目标所吸引，直到他们的情感开始和成瘾类似。
In another study with more than 600 people, psychologists found that about a third qualified for a condition they coined "celebrity worship syndrome" - a condition wherein, at its most severe, the object of our worship becomes the central figure in our lives.
在另一项对超过600人进行的研究中，心理学家发现，大约有三分之一的研究对象的情况符合他们所命名的“名人崇拜综合症”。对于这些崇拜者们，最严重的时候，其崇拜对象成为他们生活的中心。
"Information about the celebrity, or any little thing from their life, is like a fix the worshipper must have - they are almost compelled to learn more, read more, know more. And it's nonending," says Long Island, N.Y., psychologist Abby Aronowitz, Ph.D. Experts say some even begin to believe they have some special connection to the celebrity. “关于名人的信息，或者有关他们生活的任何小事，就像毒品一样，让崇拜者非有不可。他们身不由己想要了解更
多，读到更多，知道更多。而且这种需要永无止境。”心理学家艾比〃阿洛诺维茨说。专家们说，有些人甚至开始相信他们和所崇拜的名人之间有一些特殊的联系。
Not surprisingly, the study also found feverish fans are likelier to suffer from anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. And while the authors are clear on the fact that being a fan does not cause you to be dysfunctional, they say it can certainly increase your risk.
毫不意外，研究还发现，狂热的崇拜者们更容易患焦虑症、抑郁症和社会功能障碍。虽然研究者很清楚这一事实，崇拜名人不一定导致功能障碍，但它无疑会增加患功能障碍的风险。
Fans Gone Wild: What Makes Us Tick
追星族失控：追星背后的动力是什么
While our DNA may set us up for star worship, it's clear not everyone takes it to the extreme."A lot of these people who fall deeply into celebrity worship are just abnormal pathology waiting to happen. The fact that it comes out in the form of idolization of a particular celebrity is less important than recognizing the pathology was there all along. And if it was not focused on a celebrity it would be focused on something else, but it would still be there."
尽管我们天生就可能追星，但显然并非每个人都过度狂热。“很多深陷于名人崇拜的人都具有潜伏的异常病理机制。意识到这种病理机制的存在远比知道它以崇拜某一名人的形式发作出来要重要的多。这种异常病理机制如果不是表现为关注某一个名人，就将是专注于其他的什么事情上，但它总是存在着。”菲思霍夫说。
Aronowitz agrees, but also says the entertainment media is at least partly to blame for creating the "monster" known as the celebrity super-fan."The whole Hollywood spin machine works together to create images that are impossible for any of us to live up to. They purposefully set us up to admire and even covet something we can never have,"
阿洛诺维茨赞同这种看法，但他也表示“超级星迷”这种怪兽的创造至少也部分归咎于娱乐媒体。“整个好莱坞的各种运作机制共同创造了我们任何人都无法达到的形象。他们故意让我们去钦佩甚至是垂涎我们永远也无法得到的东西。”
Ironically, however, almost as quickly as the media builds our celebrity heroes, they break them via the increasingly growing practice of hanging a star's dirty laundry out for all to see. And it is this practice, says Aronowitz, that can have some very twisted and negative effects on fans.
然而具有讽刺意味的是，如同缔造名人英雄一样迅速，媒体以同样快的速度，通过越来越多地揭露明星们不可告人的秘密来损毁这些英雄形象。阿洛诺维茨认为正是这种做法带给了追星族们非常怪异和消极的影响。
"Prior to Marilyn Monroe, a star's life was hidden from the public. But now, instead of a glossy ideal, we see celebrity's ugly messes, including their drug and alcohol abuse, which, for many who admire these people, translates into a very dangerous message,"
在玛丽莲〃梦露之前，明星的私生活是秘而不宣的。但如今，我们看到的不再是光鲜的典范，而是名人乌七八糟的生活，包括吸毒和酗酒。这些，对于崇拜这些名人的追随者而言，会转而成为非常危险的信息。
Indeed, a study published in the journal Lancet showed that adolescents who viewed smoking in movies were more likely to begin the habit themselves.Others have hinted the same may be true for drug and alcohol use, as well as eating disorders such as anorexia, which can develop when fans try to emulate the unrealistic low weights of their favorite stars.Moreover, extreme copycat desires of some can even turn deadly, when the one we worship takes - or loses - his or her life."Some, mostly young fans, can become so overwhelmed by the loss that they themselves begin to believe their life is not worth living," he says.
事实上，一项发表在《柳叶刀》上研究表明，在电影中看到吸烟镜头的青少年更容易形成吸烟的习惯。另有研究者暗示，对于吸毒和酗酒的摹仿也是如此，包括像厌食这样的饮食失调症。当追星者试图模仿自己心仪的明星们，达到他们那种不切实际的超低体重的时候，就可能形成厌食症。更糟糕的是，有些追星族的极端盲目模仿行为甚至会致命。当他们崇拜的偶像自杀或者殒命的时候，他们也会盲目追随。“有些追星族，多数是年轻人，无法承受偶像的辞世，以至于认为自己也失去了活下去的意义，”他说。
Healthy, Happy, and Star Struck健康、快乐和追星
While for some, celebrity worship can be unhealthy, experts say that for most of us, it's a pleasant diversion that can actually improve our lives. This is particularly true when the object of our interest sets a good example that helps us strive to achieve our own ideals.
尽管对于某些人来说名人崇拜可能不健康，专家认为对我们大多数人来说，追星是一种令人愉快的娱乐方式，可以切实增进我们的生活质量。当我们心仪的对象为我们树立良好的榜样，促使我们为实现自己的理想而奋斗时，尤为如此。
"If you idolize someone for their accomplishments, and those accomplishments spurn you on to make gains in your own life, then admiring a celebrity can have a positive influence on your ambition, or even your mental health," says Aronowitz.
阿洛诺维茨表示“如果你因为某人的成就而崇拜他，那他的成就会鞭策你改进自己的生活。如此以来，崇拜名人则对你的远大理想有积极的影响，甚至会影响你的心理健康。”
Experts say hero worship can yield even more positive results when celebrities take to the streets with campaigns that encourage good health - and ultimately help convince us to personally make changes in our own lives.
专家认为名人崇拜会产生更为积极的结果，如果知名人士走上街头参与增进健康的公益活动，并且最终说服我们亲手改进自己的生活。
"Celebrities can have a positive influence on our life, with positive messages. They can be very helpful in terms of increasing awareness and decreasing stigma about many problems, including health problems, that might otherwise not get the attention they need," says Hollander.
“名人们可以用正面的讯息给我们的生活带来积极的影响。关于很多难以引起我们关注的问题，包括健康问题，在增强意识和减少成见方面，名人们都会起很大的作用，”郝兰德尔说。
Indeed, if there is a key to being a "healthy" fan, experts say it is in our ability to enjoy what a celebrity brings to our life, without them becoming our life."If you can just have fun with it, if it's not replacing emotional connections in your real life, then it's really all OK," Aronowitz concludes.
实际上，如果有成为“健康追星族”的秘诀，专家们认为那就是我们要有能力既享受名人带给我们的益处，又不让他们成为我们生活的全部。“如果你能乐在其中，如果追星不会替代你现实生活中的感情联系，那就真的没有问题，”阿洛诺维茨得出这样的结论。
A Grand Safari in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚盛大探索之旅
令人惊奇的是：每当你沉浸于日常工作时你会发现时间飞一般的流逝，而一旦你离开城市去度假，便会感到时间在滴答……滴答……滴答……
去非洲的准备工作跟我以前的准备可不同。首先我必须明确自己的旅游方案并作出决定。如若您从未去过非洲旅行，概括来说，您可以按照下面的过程来。
东非（坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚）集中了世界上最多的动物，这里有世界著名的塞伦盖蒂国家公园，有非洲最高的山乞力马扎罗山。选择坦桑尼亚的主要原因是自己在这里可以看到尽可能多的野生动物。我的旅行在六月份，碰巧那时是每年百万多头羚羊迁徙的日子，据说这一景象很是惊人。
第一眼看到非洲是在3700英尺的高中。在万里无云的下午，我们乘坐的荷航航班从阿姆斯特丹出发，穿越至海滨城市班加西附近的利比亚领空，只见这里蔚蓝色的南地中海与棕褐色的撒哈拉沙漠连成一线。这一广阔的单色的表面只被那红褐色的一脉所打破，它像河流一样蛇形其间，但更像一干涸的河床。
大约一个小时左右，我们便飞到了埃及的上空，这里是法老和大金字塔的领地。还在学校学习美国历史那会，我会恐惧仅是其历史的厚重感就会压垮我。可在我第一次去欧洲旅行的时候，那年复一年，一个又一个纪元里经历
的历代王朝和帝国很快就让我得以全面的看待历史。
在我们飞机的正下方——尼罗河谷以东，一个古老的文明在圣罗马帝国之前蓬勃发展了几千年。而今晚在坦桑尼亚，我和我的妻子，儿子以及另外两个家庭的朋友稍后将着陆，开始我们为期十一天的陶克世界东非探索之旅。考古学家告诉我们，在人类有记录时间之前的两百万年就已经有像人一样的生物在地球上行走了。
飞机继续在埃及西南部的沙漠上空飞行，进入苏丹，飞过喀土穆。我们在肯尼亚越过赤道。太阳已经下山，我们的飞机继续向南飞。正当我们要降低飞行的时候，一个令人难以臵信的景象渐渐浮现在窗前——19400英尺高的乞力马扎罗山——非洲最高峰也是世界上最高的独立山。它高于眼前的一切，包括我们在10000英尺高空飞行的飞机，是在渐黑的地平线映衬下浮现起来的庞然大物。
着陆后，我们见到陶客旅行社的代表正在关外等候——一位友善的坦桑尼亚人，名叫塞缪尔。那晚稍后的时候，我躺在蚊帐包围的床上时，头顶上一个大吊扇的扇叶在转动着，此时我知道，在坦桑尼亚的一切都将有所不同。我一生中最大的冒险即将开始。
我们到达坦桑尼亚三天后才开始我们的东非之旅，我们第一天整整一天都是在赛瑞纳山村度过的。酒店的员工们都很友善，且都操着一口流利的英语。我建议大家在开始东非探索之旅以前，要花上至少一到两天的时间来适应时区，融入当地文化。
我们在Duluti湖附近徒步旅行了三英里，背景中若隐若现的是非洲梅鲁山——14978英尺高，是非洲最高的山峰之一。我们在途中见到3英尺长的巨蜥，蓝猴，鱼雕（类似秃鹰）还有犀鸟——一种大鸟，飞的时候翅膀会发出嗖嗖嗖的嘈杂声。
我们参观了位于Tengeru的本地市场。那里4000人口在买卖水果、蔬菜、肉类、衣服还有电子产品。我想尝试着去吸收领略这一丰富多彩的周围环境，却感到头都要晕了。
我们五个人是这市场上仅有的盎格鲁人。跟着酒店的导游在街道上行走的时候，人群中传来喃喃地低语声，大家都把目光投向我们。许多人笑着用斯瓦西里语跟我们说话。我们也回笑着用我们仅有的一句当地语“Jambo, habari?（喂，你们好么？）来回应他们。
当天晚些时候，我们在小屋的草坪上看了粉红色和橙色的非洲日落。周围环抱着五颜六色的九重葛，耳边是低空飞行的蝙蝠鸣叫声。在一天的最后一丝光线中，我们捕捉到一个稍纵即逝的剪影，一个蓝猴沿屋顶跳来跳去，它这是要去过夜休息的地方呢。
第二天一大早，我们便驱车前往乞力马扎罗山。我通过一家名为坦桑尼亚摄影旅游的当地公司安排了一辆车，一个驾驶员和两个山地导游。
那天晚上从机场回来时什么都没看到，可白日里这条人行道熙熙攘攘进行着各种活动。微小的房屋和店铺的墙是用煤渣砖砌的，铁皮屋顶也都生了锈，房屋与高速公路中间仅隔着几英尺厚的泥土墙。道路旁是穿梭着的步行者和骑自行车的人。妇女们平衡着头上的袋子，盆还有捆状物（男士们可不是这样拿东西的）；男人们或蹬着后面绑着几捆粮食的自行车，或推着满是农产品的马车。
从我们旁边经过的轿车和卡车都很陈旧，且几乎总是塞着满满的乘客。即使是运畜拖车也都用来拉人，车上的人挤的只有站着的地儿。
驾车去往乞力马扎罗国家公园花了两个小时。乞力马扎罗山是为数不多的能够吸引世界各地登山者的大山之一。到山的顶端有五条路线，我选择了从6400英尺开始的马兰古路线，我让导游带我们先到9000英尺的宿营曼达拉然
后再继续爬。一般登山者要在马浪古待上个五天，晚上要住的营地三个在上山的路上，一个在下山的路上。我们没有足够的时间去尝试攀到顶峰，但我们也想尝一尝这攀登的滋味如何。
我们在门口见到了导游Honest和Dismas，我们真是找对人了。Honest已经到达乞力马扎罗山顶峰60多次了，Dismas也去过高处将近30次。今天定制的冒险是上山5.5英里，下山5.5英里，如果我们有精力的话还可以再去周边路线看看。我在6400英尺的地方深吸了一口气，却还真感觉不到这么深呢。我们离开了背后的阳光，排成一列走入森林深处。爬山的时候不断问Honest 和Dismas各种难题。他们知道每一棵铺满青苔的树，知道各种各样的鸟，知
道那带有钉头锤一样尖刺的巨型蔓藤植物还有我们遇到的各种奇花异草。过了一会儿，我可以意识到自己的呼吸声了，这会子再要提出问题就有些困难了。路也变得崎岖起来，有些地方还比较滑，要求我们要尤其小心。
时不时的，我们会遇到从上面下来的登山者，他们胡子拉碴，也没有洗过，这一经历让他们很是疲惫，可因为快到山底部了，空气中更加充足的氧气让他们兴高采烈。大多数人都达到顶峰了，但不是全部，因为高山反应甚至可以让那些身体非常好的队员无法继续上行。
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University? It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow. In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be. In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 【答案】A 【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到：如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选A。 2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 【答案】B 【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到：他最新的一本书是在2004年写的，当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。 3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously. C) He draws on his real-life experiences. D) He often turns to his wife for help. 【答案】A
英语六级满分答题技巧大总结 达到重要目标有二个途径——势力与毅力，势力只是少数人所有，但坚韧不拔的毅力则多数人均可拥有。它沉默的力量随着时间发展而至无可抵抗。 ——拿破仑想要得到英语六级满分，这个想法似乎是天方夜谭。但是大家都知道“取乎其上，得乎其中；取乎其中，得乎其下。”的道理，嗯，虽然让大家考英语六级满分是不可能的，因为总有某个题型会影响你的英语六级满分。 满分虽然遥不可及，但是想要考个高分还是很好的目标。现在就和大家分享一下，英语六级复习的注意事项，希望能够帮助大家取得英语六级高分。 ◆词汇最重要 英语六级对于词汇的要求还是挺高的，大家需要格外的重视。大家就根据自己的情况找一本词汇书，要是词汇基础好的话，就找个六级核心词汇书（估计是2000词）；要是词汇基础不太好的话，就找一本单词比较全的。 备好单词书后，就制定好单词的记忆计划，规定自己每天记忆多少单词，多少天记完。另外，拿单词书记单词是比较容易忘的，所以大家还应该专门安排时间进行词汇的复习。 ◆真题要精炼
真题是最好的复习资料，大家一定要好好利用真题的价值。大家在做真题的时候要进行“精做”，也就是要非常细致的去做真题，把每个试题的知识点、难点、重点、考点都要知道，反正是要把真题彻底掌握。 巨微英语——六级真题/逐句精解就很适合大家去“精做”，这本书对于真题的解析非常细致，它把真题文章中的生词和句子语法都进行很细致的注释和解析，大家不仅能够对文章进行理解，还能够掌握文章中的词汇和语法知识，非常适合基础不好的同学使用。 ◆听力是难点 讲道理，英语六级听力是真的比较难，尤其是新增加的讲座/演讲，真的是难得要死（还好分值不高）。对于听力的复习，大家就抓住一点，锻炼自己听的能力。一方面是要进行听力量的积累，就是要每天都听会听力音频，做到灌耳音的效果；另一方面就是做到“精听”，也就是要对听力音频反复的听，直到自己听懂为止。 然后大家对于听力的试题也要进行适当的练习，增加自己做题的感觉。 希望大家都能够考一个好的成绩。
2018年英语六级考试试题及答案 PartⅠWriting 1.【题干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between business and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. 150-200 words. 【答案】Without a doubt, a mutually-trusted relation between businesses and consumers is important for the two parties. First of all, though business is objective, cooperation is relatively subjective. Only when a consumer believe in what a businessman is selling, he or she could decide to buy something from the man. In reality, I have seen too many consumers purchase or refuse one commodity only because they like or dislike the salesman who they meet, especially when they are in a bad mood. Secondly, when one businessman consider that a customer trusts him, he would feel honored and satisfied thereby giving more preference to the customer. Naturally, when one businessman offers the best quality goods and the best prices to a customer, the customer has no excuse to refuse the businessman. Once such relation informed, both the two parties gain profit from it Hence, both businesses and consumers should work together to form a reciprocal relation. PartⅢReading Section A
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of picture a nd then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give so undargument to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. “I’m going to need tech support” Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,
大学英语六级考试真题(第1套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Youressay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourageinvention. Y ou are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A. It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change. B. It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives. C. It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues. D. It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming. 2. A. It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact. B. It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it. C. It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries. D. It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations. 3. A. The transition to low-carbon energy systems. B. The cooperation among world major powers. C. The signing of a global agreement. D. The raising of people's awareness. 4. A. Carry out more research on it. B. Cut down energy consumption. C. Plan well in advance. D. Adopt new technology. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. When luck plays a role. B. what determines success. C. Whether practice makes perfect. D. How important natural talent is. 6. A. It knocks at your door only once in a while. B. It is something that no one can possibly create. C. It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence. D. It means being good at seizing opportunities. 7. A. Luck rarely contributes to a person's success. B. One must have natural talent to be successful. C. One should always be ready to seize opportunities. D. Practice is essential to becoming good at something. 8. A. Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.
我的大学英语六级考试高分学习心得 我学的是“新闻＋英语”的复合型专业，对英文的良好运用能力已成为专业上的基本要求，三年来这方面的培养从来没有间断过，所以在大学英语六级考试时才能厚积薄发，取得了96分的好成绩。这里我给大家谈谈我的复习体会—— 词汇：“看典型，找同类” 六级的单词量说多不多，但厚厚的一本单词书背起来也实在费劲。其实可以通过做以前六级考试的卷子来发现常考的话题和词汇。 比如，六级的听力部分涉及的面并不算广，主要就是日常的生活对话，不可能出现很艰涩的词汇，这时候通过集中训练，就能渐渐把握对话的思路，对问题的设置也会有一定概念，不至于在听到某一生词时思路就被一下子打断，错过了下文。在听力的短文理解部分开始前会有一段答题指示，考生可以利用这点时间对下面的问题有个大致把握，从而了解短文主要内容，也可以有的放矢地寻找答案。 词汇部分题量不少，但分值并不算多，做题的时候无须给自己太大压力。我在考试之前曾把以前的十套考卷集中做了一遍，发现词汇部分的重复率很高，甚至有些单词在隔年的考试中又考了一次。这些就是典型考点了，以这些考点为中心，找出相似或易混淆的其他单词(或者就是题目中的其他选项)，充分进行理解，不仅能对考题的思路有所把握，自己的部分词汇量也能得到巩固。 阅读：一定先通读全文 阅读部分的分值比较高，但有些同学为了保阅读而弃听力，我认为并不需要。做阅读时可以先通读一遍，知道大概内容，然后根据题目到文中寻找答案。一上来便看题目找答案很容易被其他干扰所影响，反而会浪费掉不少时间。 做题时，关键是看清楚问题，有时候差一个词，问题的答案就会不一样，这个时候不妨把问题翻成中文，说不定会有比较正确的理解效果。当遇到摇摆不定的情况，相信自己的第一选择，多作挣扎反而会影响自己的判断力，造成反效果。
2019年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第2 套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked，A)B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) A six- month-long negotiation. B) Preparations for the party. C) A project with a troublesome client. D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues. 2. A) Take wedding photos. B) Advertise her company. C) Start a small business. D) Throw a celebration party. 3. A) Hesitant. B) Nervous. C) Flattered. D) Surprised. 4. A) Start her own bakery. B) Improve her baking skill. C) Share her cooking experience. D) Prepare for the wedding. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard. 5. A) They have to spend more time studying. B) They have to participate in club activities. C) They have to be more responsible for what they do. D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline. 6. A) Get ready for a career. B) Make a lot of friends.
全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行） 教高厅［2005］1号 大学英语教学改革是“高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程”的一项重要内容，2004年，教育部组织制定了《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》。大学英语四、六级考试（以下简称四、六级考试）改革是大学英语教学改革的重要组成部分。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会（以下简称考委会）和大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组在广泛听取多方意见的基础上，经过近一年的研究和论证，根据《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》，制定本方案。 一、四、六级考试改革的指导思想、目标和原则 四、六级考试是为教学服务的标准化考试。考试改革的指导思想是在保持科学性、客观性和公正性的同时，使考试最大限度地对大学英语教学产生正面的导向作用，即：通过改革，引导师生正确处理教学与考试的关系，更合理地使用四、六级考试，使考试更好地为教学服务。考试改革的目标是更准确地测量我国在校大学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是英语听说能力，以体现社会改革开放对我国大学生英语综合应用能力的要求。改革要按照前瞻性与可行性相结合、分步实施的原则进行，既有近期改革目标，又有中长期规划。 二、四、六级考试改革的措施 （一）全面改革计分体制和成绩报导方式 自2005年6月起，面向所有考生，四、六级考试成绩将采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线；成绩报导方式由考试合格证书改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报导内容包括：总分、单项分等；为使学校理解考试分数的含义并根据各校的实际情况合理使用考试测量的结果，四、六级考试委员会将向学校提供四、六级考试分数的解释。 （二）考试内容改革 按照《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》修订考试大纲，开发新题型，加大听力理解部分的题量和分值比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的题量和分值比例。试行阶段的四、六级考试内容由四部分构成：听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解；听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分（Careful Reading）占25%，快速阅读部分（Fast Reading）占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。综合测试比例为15%，由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%；第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%。写作能力测试部分比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。试行阶段四、六级考试各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例如下表所示：近期内，四、六级考试口语考试仍将与笔试分开实施，继续采用已经实施了五年的面试型的四、六级口语考试（CET-SET）。同时，考委会将积极研究开发计算机化口语测试，以进一步扩大口语考试规模，推动大学英语口语教学。 （三）考务管理体制改革 2005年6月起，教育部考试中心将启用新的四、六级考试报名和考务管理系统，严格认定考生报名资格，加强对考场组织和考风考纪的管理，切实做好考试保密工作。从2006
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/e1865289.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址） 综合题，请根据题目给出的内容，来回答下面给出的试题。Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,”may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.” Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,”and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance,
大学英语四六级心得体会 距离2012年12月的大学英语四六级考试的时间越来越近了，不知道电气一班的童鞋们都准备好木有？借这个机会，我想跟大家分享我备考的一些经验，希望大家在备考的同时能够多一分信心，顺利通过这次的英语四六级考试。 大家都知道,不管是大学英语四级还是六级的试卷类型都差不多，分值为710分的试卷中，听力占%35（249分），阅读占%35(249分）,完型填空占%10（70分）,作文和翻译占%20（142分）.下面以具体的试卷题型和大家分享一下备考四六级考试的一些方法。 一、听力部分 说到听力部分又可以分为长对话，短对话，听力填空三项。我相信大家都会觉得有一定难度吧，会不会碰到连续的几个单词没听到懂的情况？会不会碰到还在思考前一道题答案的时候后一道题目已经开始了？ 出现以上情况有很多种原因，但客观原因之一就是单词的储备量不足，这种情况在大学英语六级的考试中尤为突出，备考六级的同学应知道六级听力和四级听力的一大区别就是单词量急剧增加，那么如何来提高自己的听力水平，做到从容应对呢？大家练习听力的过程中可以尝试以
下几个方法： 1、合理利用历年真题：对我们理工科的学生来说，练习 听力的最佳材料还是历年的真题，建议第一遍听的时候要 聚精会神的把整个听力材料听完，这一步相信大家做真题 的时候都能做到，但我想说的是如何来好好利用手里的这 一份听力真题，听完之后不要急着去对答案，针对自己觉 得没有听懂的题目，自己可以试着倒回去再听一篇，再次 更正答案之后才去对答案，如果还发现还有错误的地方， 可以去答案解析中查看听力原文，总之，听真题的时候要 有耐心，不可急于求成。 2、精听：听力填空是听力中的比较容易拿分的环节，但这 一部分有一个难点就是填长对话。这个部分里面有很多的 单词，如果听得不是很清楚或是对听得单词很陌生，长对 话就很难听出来。个人觉得我们以前那个从留学回来的英 语老师教我们的方法很好，大家可以在听过这一部分之 后，试着再一句一句得把整个段落都听出来。慢慢地，听 力水平就会有所提高。 二、阅读部分 阅读部分可以分为15钟的快速阅读(skimming and scanning)
全国大学英语四、六级考试 改革总方向、目标 为适应我国高等教育新的发展形势,深化教学改革,提高教学质量,满足新时期国家对人才培养的需要,2004年初教育部高教司组织制 定并在全国部分高校开始试点《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》（以下简称《教学要求》）.《教学要求》规定,大学英语课程的教 学目标是:培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,使他们在 今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流. 自《教学要求》在全国部分院校开始试点以来,广大教师积极参加和 关心这次改革,在教学模式、教学手段和教材使用等各方面做了许多 有益的尝试.参加试点的学生也普遍反映新的教学理念和方法大大提 高了他们学习英语的兴趣,实现了个性化学习,提高了学习的效率. 为此,作为对我国在校大学生英语能力是否达到《教学要求》的 主要鉴定手段的大学英语四、六级考试也必须相应改革,以适应新的 形势,使考试更好地为贯彻《教学要求》服务.在高教司的主持和领 导下,大学英语四、六级考试改革组和考试委员会经过反复研讨和论证,并广泛听取了大学英语第一线教师和学生的意见,制定了《全国 大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》. 大学英语四、六级考试是一种为教学服务的标准化考试.因此,考试改革的方向是在保持考试的科学性、客观性和公正性的同时,使考 试最大限度地对大学英语教学产生正面的导向作用,即通过四、六级 考试的改革,引导师生正确处理教学与考试的关系,更合理地使用四、六级考试,使考试更好地为教学服务.大学英语四、六级考试改革的 目标是更准确地测量我国在校大学生的英语综合应用能力,尤其是英 语听说能力,以体现社会改革开放对我国大学生英语综合应用能力的 要求.由于大学英语四、六级考试是一个超大规模的标准化考试,因 此考试的改革需前瞻性与可行性相结合,分步实施,既有近期改革目标,又有中长期规划.
【关键字】考试 英语六级考试听力高频词汇 以下30个词汇都是我的老师精心整理出来的，都是常出现于大学英语六级考试听力题里的高频词汇，希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助，谢谢大家的支持，希望大家多多提出宝贵意见，以便于我们一起更好的交流与进步。 以下单词均有多种含义，给出的只是最为常见的，未做标注的即为依具体语境而定。 1.schedule 时间表 2.skip 跳，略过 3.make sense 讲得通，有意义 4.fall shorts of one's expectation 出乎某人的意料 5.cater to 迎合，款待 6.supervisor 监督者，管理者 7.speak highly of 评价高 8.a million things to do 许多事情要做 9.discount 折扣 10.coundn't have played worse/couldn't agree more 玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多同意一点了
11.I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受 12.go in one ear and out the other 一个耳朵听另一个耳朵冒出来 13.distractions 分心 14.I wish I could help 但愿我能帮助 15.submit 屈从，忍受 16.staff/stuff n.全体职员 vt.为...配备人员/材料 17.register 登记，注册 18.deadline 最后期限 19.benefit 受益 20.Are you kidding 你在开玩笑吗 21.credit 信用，信誉 22.otherwise 否则 23.budget your money 预算开支 24.put in(a lot hours) 花费，支出 25.it's up to you 取决于你，由你决定 26.deserve(honor) 应受，应得，值得 27.maintenance man 维修工
听四六级交流会心得体会 或许对于很多人来说，不，应该说是对于我们这些并非十分热爱而且近乎遗忘英语的人来说，英语四级就像一只可怕的恶魔。一直在纠缠着我们，虽然对于我们来说，纠缠并非日日夜夜，却也是烦躁不断。想也想不通。或许，如果能够在高考完之后来考试的话，我们的信心必然不会变得现在这般一文不值。于是，我们开始抱怨，但是我们也知道这也只是徒劳罢了。 老实说，常怀一颗平常心，或许将是我们唯一的保障。略微的厌烦，交流会也只是前奏。事后，我才发现，学姐与学长的经验之谈却也是并非毫无可取，相反，我也是收获颇丰。有些话，有些建议犹如当头棒喝，让我那焦躁不安的心趋于平静，似乎有了找出出路的感觉。这感觉挺不错的。 两位学姐，两位学长，虽然不是传说中的高手中的高高手，但，也正是他们与我们一样的，所以才能更加让我们接受，易解、明白。毕竟，我也不是那些可以高空飘过的人儿！高空与否不太重要，重要的是能过与否？ 读单词？做阅读？听听力？写作文？这似乎也就成为了英语四级是的四大金刚。这也是学长学姐提到最多的高频词语。如何取舍，那也是因人而异。不过，通过这次交流会，我却已经有点明白了，明白了自己的方向在哪里。我的路在哪？我似乎知道了些什么，我知道我要做什么了。 熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会言啊。我想，这么一句话就可以概况刘伟学长所说的了。不过，似乎真的是这样，对于只有个把个星期时间的我们，单词似乎已经离我们而去，我们也没有时间去做所谓的创新，我们能做的也只有熟而读之，读而写之，做到有东西来写才变得重中之重。我们应该去习惯那些所谓的万能模板，毕竟我们不用担心语文中套作。 然而，心态是整个事件的中心，这是前辈们的教诲，也是我们必须调整的。只有准备好了，我们才能做，只有心态好了做好。我们毕竟还是要靠自己的，相信自己吧。努力。。。。。。。。
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套） Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 There is no doubt that community responsibility plays an indispensable role in personal development, for instance, in the workplace. There are several factors accounting for this perspective and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, a strong sense of community responsibility is helpful to develop harmonious interpersonal relationships. As we all know, we are very likely to spend more time with our colleagues than our families after entering the workplace. Therefore, the sound working atmosphere and interpersonal relationships among employees are crucial to both physical and mental pleasure. In addition, community responsibility can improve efficiency. In the fast-paced modern society, time is money and efficiency holds the key to saving time. As the saying goes, two heads are better than one. So great importance should be attached to the cultivation of the sense of community responsibility and we will eventually benefit from it. From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of community responsibility is a kind of good personal quality, which deserves our attention. 【参考译文】 毫无疑问，集体责任在个人发展中起着不可或缺的作用，例如在工作场所。 支持这一观点的原因有很多，但以下原因是最典型的。首先，强烈的社区责任感有助于培养和谐的人际关系。我们都知道，进入职场后，与同事相处的时间很可能比与家人相处的时间更多。因此，良好的工作氛围和员工之间的人际关系对大家的身心愉悦至关重要。此外，集体责任意识可以提高效率。在快节奏的现代社会，时间就是金钱，而效率是节约时间的关键。俗话说，三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。因此，我们应该高度重视集体责任感的培养，而且我们自己将最终会从中受益。 综上所述，我们可以得出结论，集体责任感是一种良好的个人品质，值得我们的关注。 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard. 1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz. B) It sponsors major jazz concerts. C) It has several branches in London. D) It displays albums by new music talents. 2. A) It originated with cowboys. B) Its market has now shrunk.