第一章 一、概述 1.（1）英语：是语法型，重语法结构，注重以形显意，靠关联词，用显性连接 （2）汉语：是语义型，重语义结构，通过逻辑纽带或语序间接地表现出来，隐形连接。 2.英语的形式接应手段：除关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词之外，还有若干连词和为数众多的介词。英语的句子通常均有各种关联词来表示多种语法关系。 3.翻译特点（意合与形合）： （1）英语译为汉语：形合转为意合类似松绑（注意汉语意合表现力、句法特点） （2）汉语译为英语：意合转为形合类似（注意符合英语句法结构），要求上下文中语义搭配合乎事理，强调的是语言结构内部意义关系的“意合”，即造句注重意念连贯，具体表现是关联词的大量省略，很多成分也经常隐去。 4.关于形合与意合的说明：虽然英语和汉语句法中有形合与意合的 特征以及两者相互转换的必要，但不能由此推断英语中的形合结构必须一律转换为汉语的意合，或汉语的意合一律转成英语的形合。因为每一种语言都有自身的伸缩性，形合与意合两种句法在英语和汉语中同样是存在的，只是在汉语中意合更为普遍，而英语中形合更为普遍。 二、例句 1.形合到意合的转换： （1）I may be wrong and you may be right,and by an effort ,we may be nearer to the truth.也许我是错的，你是对的。我们做出努力，就会更接近真理。 (2)Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genius delight in what one is able to accomplish with one’s own hands.现在美国有一个奇特的现象：一方面人们为上升到不在需要靠体力劳动谋生的地位而感到自
翻译： Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who have had the most failures. J.K. Rowling's -- who wrote Harry Potter -- her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, "I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed." 世界上大部分的成功人士都曾经经历过失败。比如哈利波特的作者，J.K罗琳，她的第一本哈利波特在出版前就曾经被拒绝了十二次。乔丹曾经被他高中的篮球队开除。在他的职业生涯当中，他错过了无数场比赛以及投篮的机会。但是他曾经说过，在我的一生中我经历了无数次的失败，但是这才是为什么我能成功的原因。 no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表
2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text
Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sorr ow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning proces s. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better p erson. With each passing day we learn to handle various situations. Love Love plays a pivotal role on out life. Love makes you feel wanted. Witho ut love a person could go hayward and also bec ome cruel and ferocious. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and beco mes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and m ature and help us to understand life better. Happiness and Sorrow Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We rea lize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basic ally due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things a re temporary and pass away. Failure and Success Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our hea d on out shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for besto wing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectf ul to the less fortunate ones. Hope and Despair Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us n ot to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there i s a day. Nothing remains the same we have only one choice keep movi ng on in life and be hopeful. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is be yond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or d ull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a b etter tomorrow.
第10单元演讲（Speeches） 10.1 复习笔记 翻译理论选读 一、 A New Concept of Translating by Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. T aber Each language has its own genius.1 In the first place, it is essential to recognize that each language has its own genius. That is to say, each language possesses certain distinctive characteristics which give it a special character. 尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)博士是美国圣经学会翻译部主任。他不仅在美国主持《圣经》的英译工作，还在世界各地指导许多其他语言的翻译工作。 奈达认为，过去人们在翻译过程中过于重视与原文在形式上保持一致，而他主张着重考虑读者对译文的反应，应使译文的读者和原文的读者产生同样的感受。 关于原语，就《圣经》而言，也就是希伯来语和希腊语，奈达认为它们也不过是工具，被人们用来表达《圣经》里包含的意思而已。 关于译语，奈达认为每一种语言都有自己的特点，在构词法、语序、句子结构、谚语诸方面各不相同。各个民族的文化背景不同，对各自的语言也产生不同的影响。译者不必因为译语缺少某种表达方式而抱怨；相反地，他应该尊重这一语言的特点，最大限度地发挥其潜
力，以找出适当的表达方式。他的结论是，要想使译文保持原作的内容，就必须在形式上有所改变。 word-building capacities, unique patterns of phrase order, techniques for linking clauses into sentences, markers of discourse,2 and special discourse types of poetry, proverbs, and song. Each language is rich in vocabulary for the areas of cultural focus, the specialties of the people, e.g., cattle (Anuaks in the Sudan), yams (Ponapeans in Micronesia), hunting and fishing (Piros in Peru), or technology(the western world). Some languages are rich in modal particles.3Others seem particularly adept in the development of figurative language, and many have very rich literary resources, both written and oral. To communicate effectively one must respect the genius of each language. Rather than bemoan the lack of some feature in a language, one must respect the features of the receptor language4and exploit the potentialities of the language to the greatest possible extent. Unfortunately, in some instances translators have actually tried to “remake” a language. For example, one missionary in Latin America insisted on trying to introduce the passive voice of the verb into a language which had no such form. Of course, this was not successful. One must simply accept the fact that there are many languages which do not have a passive voice. They merely choose to report actions only as active. Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon an- other, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes5 necessary
湖南大学课程教学大纲 二、课程描述 本课程为非英语专业通识选修课，是英汉翻译的入门级课程，旨在通过课堂教学和课内外多文体阅读、翻译和写作实践，帮助学生了解英汉语各类人文社科和科技文本，特别是实用性文本的文体和语言特征，初步掌握基本的翻译技巧，重点通过英语阅读和英汉语言转换领悟英汉语表达习惯、语境和文化差异，从而进一步提高学生的英语熟练程度，尤其是其书面表达能力，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。 This course is a selective course for non-English undergraduate students as a preliminary course of English-Chinese translation. With extensive reading, translation and writing of texts of various styles, it aims at helping students have some idea of the stylistic and linguistic features of texts in humanistic, social science and sci-tech disciplines, especially those for practical purposes, lay a basic foundation of translation skills, and more importantly, arouse the students’ awareness of the linguistic and cultural differences of English and Chinese in practical contexts, so as to improve the students’English proficiency as well as the cross-cultural communicative competence in writing and translation. 三、教学目标和教学内容 本课程旨在帮助学生了解中英文实用文体特点及其语言表达差异，进而掌握英语表达式，提高英语熟练程度，同时掌握一定的翻译策略和技巧。 四、教学参考书 1、刘正光等. 《新目标大学英语综合教程 2、 3、4》，上海外语教育出版社，2016 2、伍锋、何庆机.《应用文体翻译：理论与实践》，浙江大学出版社，2008 3、陶友兰、何刚强.《英语读译教程》，外语教学与研究出版社，2011 4、穆雷. 《英汉翻译基础教程》，高等教育出版社，2013 5、冯庆华、陈科芳. 《汉英翻译基础教程》，2008，2012 6、王振国、李艳琳. 《新汉英翻译教程》，高等教育出版社，2014 7、康志洪. 《科技翻译》，外语教学与研究出版社.，2012. 8、李明. 《商务英语翻译（英译汉）》（第二版），高等教育出版社，2011 9、李明. 《商务英语翻译（汉译英）》，高等教育出版社. 2007, 2011
Presentation开场白及结束语 1. 张刚 开场白： -I am delighted to stand here and have this opportunity to share something with you. Today I will focus on... -It's my pleasant duty to report my research. Today I'd like to say something about... -I'd like to thank you for giving me the chance to stand here. Well, the topic I'm going to deal with is... 结束语： -That's all. Thanks for your attention. -I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here. 2. 王一越 开场白: -Mr. Chairman, teachers and classmates, my name is Wang Yiyue. I come from the school of management. The title of my presentation is… -Good morning, everyone, my name is Wang Yiyue. I come from the school of management. I am so glad to have the opportunity to give to a speech to you on such an occasion. My speech is about… -Good morning, everyone! My name is Wang Yiyue. Thank you for giving me this opportunity to stand here. My subject is … 结束语： -That’s all. Thank you for listening. -That’s all for my talk. If there are any questions, I would like to give further explanations. 3. 李慧颖 开场白： -Good morning, everyone. I am B from C. I appreciate the opportunity to be here to attend this mini-symposium [session]. The topic of my paper is (about) D. My presentation will be divided into the following three parts. -Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your gracious introduction. I am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. I would like to divide my talk into three parts: 1) background of …; 2) recent results in my group; 3) conclusions. -Prof. A, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you very much, Professor A, for your kind introduction. I am delighted to be here (with you this morning). I am going to give this talk in four parts. First…. Second…. Third…. Finally…. 结束语： -Once again I would like to thank you for the opportunity of talking to you on the subject. I hope you will give me your comments and suggestions. That will help me improve my work. -Thank you for your attention. If there are any points that I didn’t make clearly, please point them out and I would like to give further explanations.
The Broadcast Drifting of JB At first, let me introduce sth about the director. Jing Bao,yes it’me. Many friends consider me as their close friends like Chicken soup，while I think I am just bird flu.Sometimes I am a child with weak intelligence，and sometimes I am a patient with mental disorder. Yes, you are right. I like to defame myself. Fortunately, I am normal most of the time, definitely including now. But have you ever seen one said he was not drunk when he was drunk. Haha~I am just an ordinary person in a crow. Some people like to be different, unique, superman, while I just want to be an ordinary man. I have obsessive-compulsive disorder ( 强迫症ocd )，Procrastination拖延症，acrophobia惧高症，Choice Phobia Disorder选择恐惧症，接手机恐惧症Fear to answer the phone/ answering phone phobia. Ok, let’s go back to the actors, JB, means Jing Bao.Is it interesting? Before we appreciate the splendid masterpiece, let’s watch one advertisement. Jing Bao’s necklace. Wearing it ,you’ll be more charming, attractive, sexy. Jing Bao’s necklace. You deserve it Story starts on a warm winter noon in my senior middle school. I just took my step out of the classroom after arguing fiercely with my
Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who have had the most failures. J.K. Rowling's -- who wrote Harry Potter -- her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, "I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed." 世界上大部分的成功人士都曾经经历过失败。比如哈利波特的作者，J.K罗琳，她的第一本哈利波特在出版前就曾经被拒绝了十二次。乔丹曾经被他高中的篮球队开除。在他的职业生涯当中，他错过了无数场比赛以及投篮的机会。但是他曾经说过，在我的一生中我经历了无数次的失败，但是这才是为什么我能成功的原因。 no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you’ll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You’re going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You’ve got to train for it and work for it and learn for
“翻译”课程教学参考书目 一、翻译教材（按作者姓名汉语拼音排序） 陈宏薇，1996，《新实用汉译英教程》。武汉：湖北教育出版社。 陈宏薇，1998，《汉英翻译基础》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 陈茂松，1996，《新编英汉翻译教程》。北京：旅游教育出版社。 陈廷佑，1994，《英语汉译技巧：跟我学翻译》。北京：华龄出版社。 范仲英，1994，《实用翻译教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 冯庆华，2002，《实用翻译教程（英汉互译）》（增订本）。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 古今明，1997，《英汉翻译基础》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 郭著章、李庆生，1996，《英汉互译实用教程》（修订本）。武汉：武汉大学出版社。 靳梅琳，1995，《英汉翻译概要》。天津：南开大学出版社。 居祖纯，1998，《汉英语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社。 居祖纯，2000，《高级汉英语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社。 居祖纯，2002，《新编汉英语篇翻译强化训练》。北京：清华大学出版社。 柯平，1991，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》。北京：北京大学出版社。 李辛，1993，《实用汉译英手册》。北京：中国物资出版社。 李运兴，1998，《英汉语篇翻译》。北京：清华大学出版社。 刘季春，1996，《实用翻译教程》。广州：中山大学出版社。 刘宓庆，1987，《英汉翻译技能训练手册》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 吕俊、侯向群，2001，《英汉翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 吕瑞昌、喻云根、张复星、李嘉祜、张燮泉，1983，《汉英翻译教程》。西安：陕西人民出版社。 彭长江主编，2002，《英汉－汉英翻译教程》。长沙：湖南师范大学出版社。单其昌，1991，《汉英翻译入门》。石家庄：河北教育出版社。 申雨平、戴宁，2002，《实用英汉翻译教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。孙万彪、王恩铭，2000，《高级翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 孙致礼，2003，《新编英汉翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 王宏印，2002，《英汉翻译综合教程》。大连：辽宁师范大学出版社。 王治奎（主编），1999，《大学英汉翻译教程》（修订版）。济南：山东大学出版社。 温秀颖、马红旗、王振平、孙建成，2001，《英语翻译教程（英汉·汉英）》。天津：南开大学出版社。 许建平，2000，《英汉互译实践与技巧》。北京：清华大学出版社。 杨莉藜，1993，《英汉互译教程》（上、下册）。开封：河南大学出版社。 曾诚，2002，《实用汉英翻译教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 张蓓，2001，《汉英时文翻译实践》。北京：清华大学出版社。 张培基、喻云根、李宗杰、彭谟禹，1983，《英汉翻译教程》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。 庄绎传，2002，《英汉翻译简明教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
【开场】： -Thank you very much, Prof. William, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium. -Ladies and gentleman. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience. -Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. -Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Is my voice loud enough? -Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about… - Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car? 【欢迎听众(正式)】 - Welcome to our company - I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company... - I'd like to thank you for coming. - May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming 【欢迎听众(非正式 )】 - I'm glad you could all get here... - I'm glad to see so many people here. - It's great to be back here. - Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today. - Welcome to X Part II. 【受邀请在会议上致词】 - I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation... - I am grateful for the opportunity to present... - I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to... - Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman - It's my pleasant duty today to... - I've been asked to... 【告知演讲的话题】 - the subject of my presentation is... - I shall be speaking today about... - My presentation concerns... - Today's topic is... - Today we are here to give a presentation on... - Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...
1. 实称、代称与重复 （1）复习笔记 ★代词 ①英语和汉语中代词使用的区别 a. 英语代词用得多，汉语代词用得少，尤其在文学作品中关于生活细节的描述时。 b. 英语有时在句子里先出代词，然后再出它所指的人或物。汉语一般总是先出实词，然后才用代词。例如： 【英语】Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was ... 【汉语】朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份…… 评析：英语中先出现了代词him，然后再出现其指代的具体人物Chu Teh，汉语中先出现的是实词“朱德”，后出现的代词“他”和“自己”。 ②翻译注意事项 a. 英译汉有些代词可以不译。例如： 【原文】Permit me first to thank our Chinese hosts for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality. My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful. 【译文】首先，请允许我对中国主人十分出色的安排和款待表示感谢。我的夫人和我以及全体随行人员都深为感激。
评析：原文中的代词your，our都没有译。 b. 汉译英时则要在适当的地方增加代词，特别是物主代词。例如： 【原文】有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四婶已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。但看她模样还周正，手脚都壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。试工期内，她整天的做，似乎闲着就无聊，又有力，简直抵得过一个男子。所以第三天就定局。每月工钱五百文。 【译文】Early one winter, when my uncle’s family wanted a new maid, Old Mrs. Wei the go-between brought her along. She had a white mourning band round her hair and was wearing a black skirt, blue jacket, and pale green bodice. Her age was about twenty-six, and though her face was sallow her cheeks were red. Old Mrs. Wei introduced her as Xianglin’s Wife, a neighbour of her mother’s family, who wanted to go out to work now that her husband had died. My uncle frowned at this, and my aunt knew that he disapproved of taking on a widow. She looked just the person for them, though, with her big strong hands and feet; and, judging by her downcast eyes and silence, she was a good worker who would know her place. So my aunt ignored my uncle’s frown and kept her. During her trial period she worked from morning till night as if she found resting irksome, and proved strong enough to do the work of a man; so on the third day she was taken on for five hundred cash a month.