A
（2018 全国一卷）
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61(long) than non- runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it's?probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉 ),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70a try.
B
（2018 全国二卷）
Diets have changed in China— and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country61 （ grow ）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥 ) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放 ) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
C
（2018 全国三卷）
I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla( 大猩猩 ) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly,
I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at62top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the63(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking
my head to avoid64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel65(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a66(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching67these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one
had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find68(they) alive. True
to gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal69 (mean) no real harm. He was just saying:
“ I'mking of this forest, and here is your reminder! ”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me
70 (stay) and watch.
D
（2017 全国一卷）
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try
to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心 ) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be69(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health.
E
（2017 全国二卷）
In 1863, the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels隧道(） , which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of
electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success)
of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
F
（2017 全国三卷）
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as62 model in New York.
Sarah63(tell) that she could be Britain’ s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the Her father Peter, 44,want her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah,64has taken part in shows
along with top models, wants 65(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66(educate).
She has turned down several 67(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree68
engineering or architecture.
Sarah says,“ My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, scho69ol(come)
first. I don’ t want to get too absorbed in modeling70. It(certain)is fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I
don’ t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’ t model my more.”
G
（2016 全国一卷）
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists
like me, pandas are its top 61(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be63(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,
65I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas
rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors
to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.
The nursery team switches him every few 69(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-
fed,70other is with mum—she never suspects.
H
（2016 全国二卷）
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify识(别 )those of
61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ ll feel
62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow63 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 64our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an
early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need
to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67
(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong
something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you69’(bring)llbelessyourlikelywork home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but70whatever(mak) sureitis, it
’ s a
relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
I
（2016 全国三卷）
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “ rice bowl ” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and
metal63(create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,64(use) twigs (树枝 ) to remove it. Over time,65the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily
with twigs which66(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the68(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and69(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.
语法填空专练 2013广东高考真题 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much 2 too little.” His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I s houldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not sav e a bit of money?” “That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like our s,” Nick said. Nick’s guests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” “But such a small thing couldn’t 8 ( possible ) destroy a village.” “In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 2012广东高考真题 Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,__1_____( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2____(buy) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City . For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3___ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4___last row.
Grammar Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Since early times, people (25) ______ (fascinate) by the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw other evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even (26) ______ (near) in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probe has provided evidence (27) ______ Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probe has also made scientists think that under its surface is a rocky core (地核) (28) ______ (give) off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions (29) ______ (need) for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe that there may be such lyi ng at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may already create life or may be about to. You may wonder (30) ______ light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now places have been found on earth, (31) ______ are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming. (B) Conversation is an important part of life to everyone. However, some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger (32) ______ ______ a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection is also a reason for keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can serve as a way of warming up and getting to know each other. Most people, (33) ______ ______ ______ successful they are at work, will find the process of making small talk uncomfortable, even pointless. However, you (34) ______ (have) a pretty small world if you refuse to let others in. Starting off with (35) ______ usual comment or question will make others comfortable, and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough. (36) ______ you have made the first move, there is no turning back. You need to keep things going before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to share with a new friend and that is (37) ______ you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some general points of discussion. (38) ______ (keep) the ball rolling, you can show that you are really interested in what they are saying. Once you find common points of interest, things will definitely take off from there. Small talk (39) ______ turn out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation should be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself control the conversation. Let (40) ______ talk too. Stop worrying about how big of a fool you may appear to be. You may even find out later on that you have the “talent” of getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.
2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总
2017年高三英语一模汇编——语法新题型 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A My life on an Island we live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _______(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) ________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _________the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island. We were on our way back (24) _________ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now,
全国卷英语语法填空 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
历年高考语法填空真题 2014-2018 （2018-1） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____61____(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long ____62____(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____63____(die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____64____(be) more effective at lengthening life ____65____ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____66____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____67____(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____68____(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ____69____(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ____70____ a try. （2018-2） Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ____61____(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____62____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is ____63____(actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____64____(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ____65____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ____66____(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ____67____(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____68____(start) a soil-testing program ____69____ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ____70____(feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank's Juergen Voegele. （2018-3） I'm not sure ____61____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ____63____(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself , ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____65____(challenge).
2018初中英语语法之Be动词定义及用法 Be动词定义及用法 1.Be动词有三个，am,is还有are.我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它，复数全部都用are. 如果遇到过去时，was来把am,is替，were来把换掉动词are 2.do和be动词的用法区别 Be动词就是(am，are,is)..句子中如果没有实意动词(例如:write，buy)之类的动词，就直接在主语后面加Be动词。而如果是句子中有实意动词，那么如果你要改为一般疑问句，就要借助DO(do 也称为助动词)，例如:I study. 改为一般疑问句:Do you study? 顺口溜：be氏三朵花,am,is还有are, 我(I)恋am,你(you)恋are, is跟了他(he)她(she)它(it), 单娶is,复娶are。 详细讲解： 英语的be动词是个用法比较复杂的动词。复杂的原因有两点： 1、除了原形的be之外，对于不同人称代词以及单数名词
和复数名词，be会有各种变化形式和缩写形式。概括一下有七种形式：be,am,is,are,was,were,been,being。它们与人称代词和名词单、复数的搭配关系是： 现在时I am,you are,he/she/it/is,we/you/they are;名词单数、不可数名词用is，复数用are。 缩略式I\\\m,you\\\re,he\\\s,we\\\re,you\\\re,they\\\re 否定缩略式I\\\m not,isn\\\t,aren\\\t 过去时I was,you were,he/she/it/was,we/you/they were;名词单数、不可数名词用was，复数用were。 否定缩略式wasn\\\t,weren\\\t 过去分词been 现在分词being 2、在句子中，be有两种主要作用：一是作为系动词(The Linking Verb)，本身可以作用谓语动词;二是做为助动词(The Auxiliary Verb)，与谓语动词一起构成各种时态和被动语态等。
高考英语语法填空技巧与方法 高考语法填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看下面的研究结果吧。只有数据事实最具说服力。 1.考什么？ 根据此表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是： (1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。 (2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。 解题高招 1. 通读全文，把握大意。 既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。 2. 结合语境，试填空格。 读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况： (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧： 技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. 技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. [例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。[例4]…who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. 技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。 [例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. [例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模) 技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 [例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. [例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…(2008年广东高考) 技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 [例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. [例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary. 技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如： [例11] …and ___40was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如： [例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如： [例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (4)so /such…that…句型。如： [例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (5)more…than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如： [例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。 技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。 [例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. [例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. [例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有： (1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法 填空 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成短文 Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June. According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes. Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported. Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts. In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government. "As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests." "Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added. Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry. Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a new
2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨 2017上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。 一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。 技巧一：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。 例1： A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。 知识体系： 时态：考纲要求的11种时态 谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态be+过去分词 动词情态动词 动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动 非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动 现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动 分词 过去分词 技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。 例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class． 此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
历年高考语法填空真题 1. (2018全国卷I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 ________ (die) early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that yo u enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. 2. (2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式。 Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61____ (grow) more corn than rice。 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62 __ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 _____(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64_________(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66________ (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67______(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68______ (start) a soil-testing program 69_________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排 放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 _____ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 3. (2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。 I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who