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GWD(XY版)争议题解析

GWD(XY版)争议题解析
GWD(XY版)争议题解析

GWD(XY版)争议题解析

1、写在前面的话

a. 作者简介:fujuoo,GMAT 720 (M50, V37)。

b. 写作目的:我写这样一个争议题解析,是因为我本人在GMAT的准备过程中,遇到了许多的困难,走了很多弯路,尤其在做GWD的过程中,许多题并没有一个标准答案,大家在网上讨论的意见也很纷杂,经常看看大家的讨论却发现自己更糊涂了。但是,我这一路走来,感觉对GMAT还是有点心得的,尤其是我从CD得到了很多,有义务把我的这点心得回馈给CD,希望能够为正在准备GMAT的CDers提供点解题思路。

注意,我写这个解析的目的只是为大家提供思路,我本人并非GMAT牛人,因此难免在解题过程中有所疏漏和错误。如果读者能够把这个文档当作拓展思路的工具,对我的观点加以批判的吸收,甚至完全用自己的观点来反驳掉我错误的观点,则我心甚慰;如果读者不论好坏,对于我写的话一概吸收,当作标准答案来使用,则我必大哭一场,心怀误人子弟之愧。

c. 使用注意:文档中所有的题目都是按照GWD(XY版)的题号进行标注的,多数参考答案也参照了携隐版主给出的答案。如果有读者所用的版本并非

XY13套题的版本,可以试着在本文档中搜索一下关键字,看看有没有你想找的争议题在里面。

2、争议题解析

GWD-XY01-Q16:

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.

A. a greater proportion than it was

B. a greater proportion than

C. a greater proportion than they have been

D. which is greater than was so

E.which is greater than it has been

我的观点:此题是B、C争议题,参考答案是B。我倒没有觉得C选项的they 指代有问题,网上讨论说they应该指代half,但我觉得they指代costs似乎也说得通,我主要感觉C的现在完成时存在问题,肯定不应该用现在式,应该用过去式。至于A,把it was换成they did比较好。选B的主要理由是than前后的主语谓语都一样,可以省略,补全了应该是a greater proportion than costs accounted in any previous election。

GWD-XY02-Q22:

On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

A.On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by

imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

B.With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that

a United States citizen hold

C. A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a

United States citizen holding

D.Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment

for a United States citizen to hold

E.Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by

imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

我的观点:此题的参考答案是D。A选项that后面是个从句,从句的主语是单数,谓语不能用hold,应该用holds。B的错误同A。C应该用for sb to do的结构。E 中的being多余。

GWD-XY02-Q23:

Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence (lines 17-24)

of the second paragraph of the passage?

A.To answer a question posed in the first sentence of the passage about why firms

adopt particular strategic missions

B.To refute an argument made in the first paragraph about how top management

decision-making affects whether firms will adhere to their strategic plans

C.To provide evidence supporting a theory introduced in the first paragraph about

what makes firms adhere to or deviate from their strategic plants

D.To qualify an assertion made in the preceding sentence (lines 6-16) about how top

management decision-making affects the likelihood that firms will adhere to their strategic plans

E.To explain a distinction relied on in the second paragraph (lines 17-68) regarding two different kinds of strategic missions

我的观点:此题的参考答案是E,但我觉得D似乎更优。因为该句子并没有讨论任何的distinction,从这个角度来讲,E无论如何都不能是正确选项。至于D,至少提出了句中所讨论的两个元素及其关系,因此我觉得D选项更好。

GWD-XY02- Q32:

Newspaper editorial:

In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is clearly counter to the governor’s ultimate goal, since after being released form prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter

anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.

B.Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the

general population.

C.The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already

less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.

D.Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate’s

subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.

E.The governor’s ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people

that something effective is being done about crime.

我的观点:此题可以说是我遇到的GMAT真题中最难的逻辑题,参考答案是C,我认为答案应该是A,据说official answer也是A,不过我没有找到。下面给出选A的理由:

1、我的推导方法:题目问的是argument基于什么样的一个假设,注意,此处的

argument指的是文中的最后一句话(红色字体)。那么,如何判断argument 基于什么假设?即我们把该假设取反,如果在取反之后,导致文中的观点不成立了,那么该选项是argument的基础所在。现在,我们把A取反,A的本意是“不参加课程导致不阻止犯罪”,现在我们取反,即:“不参加课程——阻止犯罪”,那么不参加课程的人犯罪减少。现在,我们回头看文中的红色部分,说参加的人犯罪减少,那么如果不参加的人犯罪也减少,则文中红色部分的结论就不成立了,因为参照系已经发生了变化,即参加的人和不参加的人犯罪率都减少,不具备可比性了。

2、论坛的评论:I disagree though. C: The group of inmates who chose to take

college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.

What you said should be worded like this : inm eates who took courses were already less likely to commit crimes. Then you can say that these inm ates who took college-level courses were predisposed or had already made up their mind not to commit crim es after they are released.

But since answer c is " inmates were NOT already less likely to commit crim es", meaning "these inmates who took college-level courses are as likely to commit crim es after being released as those who didn't take such courses.

So it m eans that no m atter inmates take courses or not, they will commit crimes

after they are released anyway. In short, answer C weakens the argument, which claim ed that the courses were helpful b/c inmates who took them

commited far fewer crimes overall than those who didn't.

As for answer A : Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she m ight otherwise have committed. I hate this kind of convoluted sentence. (m e too^_^)But, anyway. First take a look at "is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime",

meaning "won't deter crim e", maning "will commit crim e" Second, put the whole thing together " NOT able to take courses..will commit crimes". Doesn't this mean if inmates are able to take courses, then they won't commit crimes? This answer strengthens the argument. So it is the answer.

来源:

https://www.doczj.com/doc/d617681361.html,/forums/gmat-critical-reasoning/20493-attempt-reduce-crim e-rate.ht m l

3、我的快速排除法:虽然选项A写的很复杂,我当时也没看懂,但是我在做题

的时候10秒钟之内就把C给排除了,此题用排除法排除4个选项之后,只剩下A可选。此题争议主要在A、C,其实C能够很快的排除掉。C选项的涵义是“参加课程的人没有更少犯罪”,或者说“参加和不参加的人犯罪是一样多的”,注意,这个结论正好是支持governor的观点的,即是文中前两句话(蓝色字体)的假设所在,而整个短文的argument是红色字体,由于红色字体是反驳蓝色字体的,那么,C选项不可能既是蓝色字体的假设,也是红色字体的假设,即它不可能同时是两个完全相反的观点的基础所在。选C 的朋友可以试一下,把文章的后两句话去掉,其余不变,C正好是该题的答案。如果这样的话,岂非后面两句反对的话在题中一点作用都没有了?我觉得选C的人主要是没有搞清文章的argument所在。

GWD-XY02- Q39:

Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.

A.Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility

vehicles, cost less,

B.Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport

utility vehicles, they cost less,

C.Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport

utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they

D.Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility

vehicles, cost less,

E.Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport

utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they

我的观点:此题是A、D争议题,我倾向于选D。选A的人可能认为carry and cost 构成一个小平行,然后再和后面的动词构成大平行。但我认为这样的理由欠妥,因为没有理由构建这种小平行,and的出现明显破坏了平行结构。至于D,我觉得两个插入语,可能会导致修饰上的歧义,结构上也不好,但是至少非常完美的满足了平行的要求。因此,虽然D也存在一些问题,但还是要比A更优一些。

GWD-XY03- Q1:

So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.

A.and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent,

B.and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that

C.her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that

D.lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent,

E.so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that

我的观点:此题为C、E争议题,参考答案是E。我觉得C对,因为E选项是一个平行结构,至少在so之前需要一个and连接,否则“so persistent……”该做什么成分?

GWD-XY03- Q9:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.propose a particular change to business school curricula

B.characteri ze students’ perceptions of business school curricula

C.predict the consequences of a particular change in business school curricula

D.challenge one explanation for the failure to adopt a particular change in business

school curricula

E.identify factors that have affected the prestige of a particular field in business

school curricula

我的观点:此题是A、E争议题,参考答案是E。如果文中讲了一个变化,那么他应该写出具体有哪些变化或者变化的各个方面,而实际上文中并没有这样。

GWD-XY03- Q18

A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.

A.as

B.than

C.that

D.of what

E.at which

我的观点:此题是C、D争议题,据说标准答案是D,但CDers讨论倾向于选C。我觉得D更优,因为如果选C的话,that引导一个定语从句,price要做charge 的宾语,而charge的宾语应该是money或者20 dollars之类的,其中似乎有点细微的差别。此题我也拿不太准,大家批判着参考。

GWD-XY04- Q6:

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?

A.Further studies showing that the climatic change that occurred at the end of the

Pleistocene era was even more severe and widespread than was previously

believed

B.New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians made use of the small animals,

plants, and insects that became extinct

C.Additional evidence indicating that widespread climatic change occurred not

only at the end of the Pleistocene era but also in previous and subsequent eras

D.Researchers’ discoveries that many more species became extinct in North

America at the end of the Pleistocene era than was previously believed

E.New discoveries establishing that both the arrival of humans in North America

and the wave of Pleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than 11,000

years ago

我的观点:此题不是争议题,参考答案为B。我只是在此给出我个人的看法:B: The term of “make use of ” does not mean “deplete”. K attributes the human activity as secondary reason to the extinction. Thus, “make us of” supports rather than weakens K’s argument.

C: If climatic changes occurred previously, why did not the extinction occur then?

GWD-XY04- Q25:

The passage suggests that the presence of G10 garnet in a kimberlite pipe indicates that

A.the pipe in which the garnet is found has a 90% chance of containing diamonds

B.the levels of calcium and chrome in the pipe are conducive to diamond formation

C.the pipe passed through a diamond-stability field and thus may contain diamonds

D.any diamonds the pipe contains would not have come from the diamond-stability

field

E.the pipe’s temperature was so high that it oxidized any diamonds the pipe might

have contained

我的观点:此题为B、C争议题,参考答案为B。但是,文章中第15-18行指出B答案是错误的。第49-51行指出C答案是正确的。

GWD-XY05- Q4:

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.

A.movies—less than those

B.movies—fewer than have been

C.movies, which is less than those

D.movies, a number lower than the people

E.movies, fewer than the ones

我的观点:B、E争议题。我觉得E更好一点,ones指代比较清楚。B选项没有比较的对象,fewer than后面直接接一个谓语,感觉不太好。

GWD-XY05- Q10:

According to the passage, within the field of educational history, Thomas Woody’s 1929 work was

A.innovative because it relied on newspaper advertisements as evidence

B.exceptional in that it concentrated on the period before the American Revolution

C.unusual in that it focused on educational attitudes rather than on educational

practices

D.controversial in its claims regarding educational opportunities for boys

E.atypical in that it examined the education of girls

我的观点:B、E争议题,参考答案为B,我更倾向于E。首先,22-25行暗示了W的著作独特性所在。其次,B选项甚至都没有提到“girls”。

GWD-XY05- Q38:

Journalist: Well-known businessman Arnold Bergeron has long been popular in the state, and he has often talked about running for governor, but he has never run. However, we have just learned that Bergeron has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for candidacy by submitting a detailed list of his current financial holdings to the election commission. So, it is very likely that Bergeron will be a candidate for governor this year.

The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the journalist’s argument?

A.Has anybody else who has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for the

upcoming election reported greater financial holdings than Bergeron?

B.Is submitting a list of holdings the only way to fulfill the election commission’s

financial disclosure requirements?

C.Did the information recently obtained by the journalists come directly from the

election commission?

D.Have Bergeron’s financial holdings increased in value in recent years?

E.Had Bergeron also fulfilled the financial disclosure requirements for candidacy

before any previous gubernatorial elections?

我的观点:B、E争议题,参考答案为E。对于E,如果他以前也提交表格了,那么这次也提交,不能得出他会参加竞选的结论;如果他以前没有提交表格,而今年提交了,那么他很有可能今年会参加竞选。而对于B,如果提交表格是唯一的方式,但也不表示提交了一定要参加竞选,即不参加竞选的人也可能被要求提交表格;如果提交表格不是唯一的方式,那么他提交了,就更不能说明他是否要竞选。我觉得可能我在这里讲的不是很明白,但这题的答案我还是相对拿得准的,请大家好好琢磨一下。

GWD-XY06- Q7 :

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during

the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results

B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that

adv ocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process C.the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry

during the period from 1982 to 1992

D.reasons that investment in research and development in the semico nductor

industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992

E.certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting

activity in the semiconductor industry

我的观点:A、C争议题,参考答案是A,我觉得C对。因为文章并没有主要讨论一个study,study只是一个例子而已。在第8行提到studies(注意,不是a study),第15行提到Z和H两个人,后面明显有一个for example跟着,暗示这是一个例子。C选项我觉得没有错误。

GWD-XY06- Q20:

Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

A.Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland

(especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

B.Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland

(especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

C.The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland

(especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses

and furniture, but also

D.The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland

(especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

E.The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland

(especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

我的观点:此题为A、B、D争议题,我最开始选的是E,现在更倾向于D。首先,A中的gave和create平行,但很明显时态不同,无法构成平行;B中的which 指代farmland,从句意上理解不对,应该是the systematic clearing of forests gave……;E选项试图用not only……but also这个结构,而且它把also省略,也是符合语法规范的,但这个选项的问题在于not only……but also结构的不对称,not only后面接了一个动词,而but also后面接代词主语,很明显破坏了平行结构。D选项应该没有问题,but做连词,表示转折的涵义,而且,从句意上来判断,整个句子也确实有转折的意味。虽然D选项的but it also结构看起来比较怪异,但一时还难以说出其错误所在。因此,我觉得D选项较优。

GWD -XY06-Q34

Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of the Greater Antilles islands.

A.sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made

it the earliest known mammal of

B.sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991, has been dated at 34 million

years old, thus making it the earliest mammal known on

C.sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years

old, making this the earliest known mammal of

D.sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years

old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on

E.sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years

old, made the sloth the earliest known mammal of

我的观点:C、D争议题,参考答案为C,我觉得D对。C中的that的先行词是sloth,而很明显,根据句意是fossils was found。当然了,在A of B that结构中,that进行跳跃指代的情况也比较常见,但是在这个句子中,that紧接着的was非常明确的限定了that是指sloth。而且,C选项中的谓语动词was也与主语fossils 不一致,谓语was前面的逗号似乎也不是很有道理,应该去掉。总之,我觉得C 选项的问题很多,不可能是正确选项。

GWD-XY07- Q1

A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.

A.Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and

Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

B.Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by

Ralph Ellison

C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph

Ellison, author of Invisible Man

D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and

Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph

Ellison’s Invisible Man

我的观点:B、E争议题,参考答案为E,我倾向于B。在B中,including修饰three best novels。至于E选项,being比较冗余,而且划线前面的结构three best novels written by,在这里,written明显在修饰novels,后面接单数名词是不对的,应该接复数形式Black Americans。另外,多说两句,一般来讲,being在句中出现,可以迅速排除该选项,主要的错误就是冗余。而being正确的情况有两种:1、prep + being + done(例:without being seen)2、be being done(进行时态的被动)。除了这两种用法之外,being出现即错。——tip来源:新东方。

GWD-XY07- Q39:

Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.

A.while in Germany it is just over 33 percent

https://www.doczj.com/doc/d617681361.html,pared to Germany, which uses just over 33 percent

C.whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in

Germany

D.whereas just over 33 percent of the energy comes from nuclear power in Germany

https://www.doczj.com/doc/d617681361.html,pared with the energy from nuclear power in Germany, where it is just over

33 percent

我的观点:此题是C、D争议题,参考答案是D。我觉得D答案与前面未划线部分的结构很相近,符合平行的原则,因此更优。

GWD-XY08- Q1.

According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.

A.minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in

planning to practice

B.minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who

plan on practicing

C.minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on

practicing

D.it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other

graduates will plan to practice

E.it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan

to practice

我的观点:此题是A、C争议题,参考答案是A。我最开始也选A,后来发现C 似乎也有道理,而A选项的be likely in planning to do感觉比较怪异。C选项的倍数表达没有错误,但是不应该省略are。这道题我感觉有点迷茫,总体而言,如果考到的话,我建议选A。

GWD-XY08-Q9

Although exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of mesothelioma, a

slow-developing cancer, researchers believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers’ hypothesis?

A.SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.

B.Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent

contamination with SV40.

C.Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traced of

the virus.

D.In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of exposure to

asbestos.

E.In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from

mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.

我的观点:此题是C、E争议题,参考答案是E。首先,E可以支持文中的假设,是没有问题的。而对于C,在1960年的疫苗中发现了病毒,并不能说明任何问题,因为1960年的疫苗含有病毒是文中已经承认的事实。而研究者在这个事实的基础上做出一个假设:是疫苗中的病毒导致了M这种病。因此,疫苗中有病毒这个事实不能对文中的假设起到支持的作用。

GWD-XY08- Q22

The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.

A. banked with dirt to a height of

B. banked with dirt as high as that of

C. banked them with dirt to a height of

D.was banked with dirt as high as

E.was banked with dirt as high as that of

我的观点:此题是A、D争议题,参考答案是A。我偏向于A,感觉to a height of 比较好。至于D,“和三四英尺一样高”总感觉有点别扭,因为“三四英尺”本身是一个度量单位,是没有高度的。此题我也拿不准,各位可以批判着参考。

GWD-XY08- Q29

Smithtown University’s fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted. This success rate, exceptionally high for university fund-raisers, does not indicate that they were doing a good job. On the contrary, since the people most likely to donate are those who have donated in the past, good fund-raisers constantly try less-likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base. The high success rate shows insufficient canvassing effort.

Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument?

A.Smithtown University’s fund-raisers were successful in their contacts with

potential donors who had never given before about as frequently as were fund-raisers for other universities in their contacts with such people.

B.This year the average size of the donations to Smithtown University from

new donors when the university’s fund-raisers had contacted was larger than the average size of donations from donors who had given to the university before.

C.This year most of the donations that came to Smithtown University from

people who had previously donated to it were made without the university’s fund-raisers having made any contact with the donors.

D.The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for

Smithtown University this year were from donors who had never given to the university before.

E.More than half of th e money raised by Smithtown University’s fund-raisers

came from donors who had never previously donated to the university.

我的观点:此题是A、C争议题,参考答案是A,我倾向于C。选A的人可能是这样认为的,既然SU和其它学校在未捐款人中取得了相同的成功率,那么就说明他们没有做无用功。但是,成功率相同,不能说明effort也相同,很可能SU 在未捐款人上下了很大的功夫,但是只取得了和其它学校相同的成功率,这恰恰说明他们做了很多无用功。而且,我觉得other universities是一个无关选项。至于C,“绝大部分老捐款人的捐款来自于SU从未联系过的捐款人”,这说明SU 忽视了老捐款人,而这一点正是文中所批判的,他们对这部分人从来都没联系过,正说明他们应该对这些人do more canvassing effort。所以,支持了文中的结论。

GWD-XY09- Q23: GWD-11-33

After more than four decades of research and development, a new type of jet engine is being tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs than current methods permit.

A.tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours

or help

B.tested that could eventually have the capability of propelling aircraft anywhere in

the world within two hours or to help

C.tested, eventually able to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours,

or helping

D.tested, and it eventually could propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two

hours or helping

E.tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in

the world within two hours or help

我的观点:此题是A、E争议题,我觉得没什么可争议的,E选项中的could和capability明显语意重复,对于这种选项是应该秒杀的。

GWD-XY10- 22

Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-ray because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A) Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.

B) Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the

x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.

C) X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.

D) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.

E) Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.

我的观点:此题为B、C争议题,参考答案是C。对于B选项,首先我认为initial x-ray是无关条件,其次,整个B选项都是无关选项,各位可以把这个所谓的争议选项再仔细琢磨一下。对于C来讲,排除了由于只review一个医生或者一个

医院可能带来的不精确信息,既然是不同的医生和医院的情况都包括了,就说明这个review的结果在统计学上是有意义的,因此,argument得到加强。

GWD-XY11- Q4

Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine the author’s statement in the last sentence of the passage(lines 38-43) regarding the distribution of wealth in Western Pueblo settlements?

A.Only community members of exceptional wealth are likely to have been buried

with their personal possessions.

B.Members of communities with extensive agricultural systems are usually buried

without personal possessions.

C.Most artifacts found in burial sites were manufactured locally rather than imported

from other communities.

D.Burial artifacts are often ritual objects associated with religious practices rather

than being the deceased’s personal possessions.

E.The quality of burial artifacts varies depending on the site with which they are

associated.

我的观点:此题是D、E争议题,参考答案为E,我倾向于D。选项应该能够weaken the conclusion that “different distribution of wealth is found”. E是一个无关选项,而且与下文(第43行的same site)相矛盾。

GWD-XY11- Q5

According to the passage, which of the following is probably true of the storage spaces mentioned in line 14?

A.They were used by the community elite for storage of their own food supplies.

B.They served a ceremonial as well as a practical function.

C.Their size is an indication of the wealth of the particular community to which they

belonged.

D.Their existence proves that the community to which they belonged imported large

amounts of food.

E.They belonged to and were used by the community as a whole.

我的观点:此题是B、E争议题,参考答案是B,我倾向于E。文中第23-24行(in such apparently communal spaces.)很明显指出E答案的正确。选B的人可能基于文中第16行(underground ceremonial chambers)的信息,但是,存储的位置靠近ceremonial place,并不能说明它们serve a ceremonial,文中并没有此类的明确信息。

GWD-XY11- Q16.

In response to mounting public concern, an airplane manufacturers implement a program with well-publicized goal of reducing by half the total yearly amount of hazardous waste generated by its passenger-jet division. When the program began in 1994, the division’s hazardous waste was 90 pound s per production worker, last year

it was 40 pounds per production worker. Clearly, therefore, charges that the manufacturer’s program has not met its goal are false.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.the amount of nonhazardous waste generated each year by the passenger-jet

division has not increased significantly since 1984

B.at least as many passenger jets were produced by the division last year as had been

produced in 1994

C.since 1994, other divisions in the company have achieved reductions in hazardous

waste output that are at least equal to that achieved in the passenger-jet division.

D.The average number of weekly hours per production worker in the passenger-jet

division was not significantly greater last year than it was in 1994.

E.The number of production workers assigned to the passenger-jet division was not

significantly less in 1994 than it was last year.

我的观点:此题参考答案为B,我选的是E。我们先把文章的argument理顺,红体字是文章的argument,意思是“program达到了它的目标”,问这一观点的基础所在。首先,B不可能对,因为文中比较waste的时候,单位一直是per production worker,衡量waste的时候也一直用这一单位,B选项甚至没有出现这个单位,而是衡量passenger,因此不可能是正确选项。至于E选项,涵义是“1994年工人的数量没有比现在少”,我们现在把该假设取反,即“1994年工人的数量比现在少很多”,那么工人数量乘以每个工人的平均waste重量,即为总重量,因此,在这种情况下,不能肯定总重量被减少了一半。即对于E取反之后,argument 不再成立了。因此,E是argument的基础所在,即为正确选项。

GWD-XY11- Q30.

Unlike that of earlier works on slavery, Blassingame’s innovative study relies not on the records of White slave owners but on the records of the slaves themselves, especially the 70 or so autobiographies and memoirs that have been preserved.

A.that of earlier works on slavery, Blassingame’s

B.that of earlier works on slavery, Blassingame in his

C.earlier works on slavery, Blassingame in his

D.earlier works on slavery, Blassingame’s

E.the earlier works on slavery, Blassingame in his

我的观点:此题为A、D争议题,参考答案是A,我倾向于D。由于works和study 是同类事务,因此直接比较就行了,没必要加that。

GWD-XY11- Q41.

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A.Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for

private conversation; instead, it is

B.Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private

conversation, but which is

C.Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could

substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

D.Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute

for the telephone, which has become

E.Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for

private conversation, other than what it is,

我的观点:此题是C、E争议题,参考答案是E,我倾向于C。首先,C选项中的conceive of sth as sth这个结构非常完美。其次,E选项other than前后不平行,而且what it is后面的逗号是怎么回事?what it is这个短语有必要吗?

GWD-XY12- Q19

Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca Cit y as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a

prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

B.The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is

a point the argument makes in favor of adopting a alternative plan.

C.The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is

the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

D.The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point

used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

E.The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second

presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

我的观点:此题是A、D争议题,参考答案是A。首先,A非常完美,并没有任何的错误。其次,D选项中,seek to refute是不对的,argument并没有seek(这并非argument的主旨所在),也没有refute,后面的false就更不对了,请参考文中的红色字体。

GWD-XY12- Q32

Delta products, Inc., has recently switched at least partly from older technologies using fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. The question has been raised whether it can be concluded that for a given level of output, Delta’s operation now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than it did formerly. The answer, clearly, is yes, since the amount of fossil fuel used to fenerate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount needed to power the older technologies, provided that the level of output is held constant.

In the argument given, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A.The first identifies the content of the conclusion of the argument; the second

provides support for that conclusion.

B.The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second

identifies the content of that conclusion.

C.The first states the position that the argument opposes; the second states the

conclusion of the argument.

D.Each provides evidence that calls the conclusion of the argument into question.

E.Each provides support for conclusion of the argument.

我的观点:此题是A、E争议题,参考答案是E,我倾向于A。首先,我认为文中的红体字(或者蓝体字,二者是等价的)是conclusion of the argument所在。其次,我觉得E不对,第一个黑体字只是陈述了一个事实,不可能对文中的结论起到任何支持的作用。第二部分黑体字由于有since开头,很明显是支持结论的。当然了,A也有问题,我觉得可能是题目打错了,A中的“content”如果改为“context”,则A选项就没有任何问题了。我觉得此题存在问题,大家理解就好,不必过于纠结答案了。

GWD-XY12- Q38

In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances, a petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide

smoki ng restriction?” The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.

Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

A.Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for

everyone and so affect nonsmokers.

B.In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and

government offices that are open to the public.

C.The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain

stronger bans than the state law does.

D.There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for

restriction of smoking.

E.The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in

places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.

我的观点:此题是B、C争议题,参考答案是B,我倾向于C。我觉得B是一个无关选项。下面,我解释一下选C的理由。题目问的是什么会导致voters产生误解,这些voters认为提案是把local ordinances延伸到statewide。而C表达的涵义是州法律会替代更严厉的地方法律。因此,按照C的表述,是用宽松的州法律替代严厉的地方法律,而非把地方法律扩展到整个州的范围。这会让voters 产生误解。

网上的讨论:This is the explanation of choosing C:

A, B, and D are irrelevant and, therefore, gone. Now, consider the stem. If voters understand the petition in circulation as supporting a statewide extension of the current local ordinances, what would make the petition misleading? If the local ordinances are strict and the proposed state law were to be less strict, though applicable statewide, then that would be misleading to voters. In other words, the local ordinances would not be extended statewide. That's what C says. The reference answer, E, is irrelevant and incorrect.

来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/d617681361.html,/forums/gmat-sentence-correction/105569-one-state.html GWD-XY12- Q39

Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.

A.Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth,

nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.

B.Nearly 99 percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that

appeared on Earth have vanished.

C.Vanished are nearly 99percent of the five hundred million different species of

living creatures that appeared on Earth.

D.Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on

Earth, nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.

E.Of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared

on Earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished.

我的观点:此题是B、E争议题,参考答案为B。我认为B没有什么语法错误,只不过是结构不太好,有点头重脚轻的感觉。但是E选项包含两个现在完成时,我觉得不能体现出这两个动作之间的前后关系,容易在句意和逻辑上产生混乱。因此,我更倾向于B。

GWD-XY13- Q16.

The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.

A. a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a

B. a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a

C. a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well

D.critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of

E.critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own

envisioning of

我的观点:此题是A、B争议题,参考答案是B,我倾向于A。在选项A中,a critique 和a vision平行,感觉比较舒服。在选项B中,following的用法就不太好,一般来讲在介词和动词的ing形式之间,应该选介词,因为更简洁,而且B选项中的his也容易造成指代混淆,envisioning也明显没有vision更简洁。

GWD-XY13- Q19

In 1992 outlaw fishing boats began illegally harvesting lobsters from the territorial waters of the country of Belukia. Soon after, the annual tonnage of lobster legally harvested in Belukian waters began declining; in 1996, despite there being no reduction in the level of legal lobster fishing activity, the local catch was 9,000 tons below pre-1992 levels. It is therefore highly likely that the outlaw fishing boats harvested about 9,000 tons of lobster illegally that year.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.The illegal lobster harvesting was not so expensive that the population of

catchable lobsters in Belukia’s territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996

B.The average annual lobster catch, in tons, of an outlaw fishing boat is has

increased steadily since 1992.

C.Outlaw fishing boats do not , as a group, harvest more lobsters than do licensed

lobster-fishing boats.

D.The annual legal lobster harvest in Belukia in 1996 was not significantly less than

9,000 tons.

E. A significant proportion of Belukia’s operators of licensed lobster-fishing boats

were out of business between 1992 and 1996

我的观点:此题的参考答案是A,据说official answer也是A,但是我倾向于C。我一直都没搞明白为什么A是对的,不过在这里就不用我的思路影响大家了。链接:https://www.doczj.com/doc/d617681361.html,/forums/gmat-critical-reasoning/36609-fishing-boats.html

3、附:给准备GMAT的兄弟姐妹一点建议

——这个帖子写给所有刚开始准备GMAT的入门者和在准备过程中迷茫的人们

刚刚结束了GMAT考试,看成绩的时候还是有点小期盼的,希望能考一个高一点的分数,不过还是那样,720,一个鸡肋的分数,感觉比较失落的说。回顾几个月的GMAT复习,感觉自己走了很多的弯路,写出来和大家分享一下,也希望正在准备考试的兄弟姐妹不要再犯我犯过的错误。

我是08年的一月份参加的新东方,后来慢慢悠悠的准备了一年。一是我的底子比较差,尤其是单词量很少,二是我的工作也不能说扔就扔,我还是希望多工作一年然后申请学校的。实际上所谓一年的准备,大半年都被浪费掉了,美其名曰背了点单词,实际上到上考场的时候,托福单词还有大概三五百个没认全。真正进入状态的复习应该是从11月份以后,我停了健身开始,大概4个月的时间吧。讲到这里,有必要提一下我的英语基础,我大学的时候基本就没学过英语,四级裸考的,仗着高中的那点底子,考了60多分,六级由于词汇量要求比较大,而背单词又是我最头疼的事情,我考了三次都没考过。讲这个事情的主要目的,是想给基础不好的朋友一点信心,相信再差的基础也不会比我更过份了吧。

复习的过程我想讲的详细一点,给刚入门的人一点tip:

语法:这是我得到教训最大的一门。在我上新东方的时候,觉得除了语法,其余的课基本都是垃圾,只有语法比较实用。新东方会给很多的规则,让你很快的排除掉一些选项,依靠这些语法规则,即便完全不懂句子的意思,也能把答案猜对。靠着从新东方得来的这点语法技巧,我做了OG和新东方蓝皮,基本上正确率能在80%以上,达到90%也很正常。但是,做GWD的时候,就感觉有点力不从心了,有的时候运气好,一套题可能只错一个语法,但多的时候能错到50%。即便在这个时候,我还以为是水平的正常波动,并没有引起太大的注意。直到考试前五天的时候,我拿出prep语法,准备考前练练手,结果当时就傻眼了,因为发现语法的出题路数和我平时训练的完全不一样。由于考前时间比较紧,我prep并没有做完,只做了一半,而且只做了一遍,并没有复习,正确率大概在70%左右吧。事实证明,真正考试的时候,语法题和prep语法非常相似,但是和OG与新东方给出的题差距很大。主要是现在的语法更偏重逻辑和句子意思的把握,想要完全考语法技巧来应付考试已经很难了。语法的复习偏离轨道,可以说是我这次考试失败的原因之一。建议正在准备考试的各位兄弟姐妹,一定要吸取我的教训,可以从最基础的OG做起,我当时OG复习了三遍,现在想来实在没有必要,在掌握了语法的基本考点和考法之后,就应该迅速转入GWD语法和prep语法的复习,选则正确的复习资料非常重要。至于新东方,如果你还没有报他们的培训班,可以不必纠结了,如果你已经报了,我建议你马上退班,我觉得在GMAT上面,新东方对你的帮助非常有限,搞不好还会起到反作用。

阅读:阅读是我比较弱的一个项目,最开始的时候,阅读基本看不懂,于是买了本《杨鹏难句》,这本书非常的实用,在你把每个句子读20遍以后,就会对GMAT 阅读的写法比较有感觉了。我大概精读了20几个句子之后,就放弃了这本书,开始了OG的复习。开始做OG阅读的时候,发现正确率还挺高的,基本上80%-90%的水平,于是欣欣然忘乎所以,以为GMAT阅读不过如此,但这是一个非常具有迷惑性的陷阱。大家一定要记住,GMAT考的不是你的阅读能力,而是你在时间压力下的阅读能力,半个小时做完一篇阅读,一个都不错,并不是什么难事,难的是在七八分钟以内把文章读完,把四五个选项选对。但是,虽然这样,基础还是要打好的,我大概把OG阅读精读了15篇左右,每篇读了至少10

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最新图形推理典型题目例解析第到道2

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第398道选1 解析:第一套图: 图1+图2+去掉图1的小圆点+再把图2的圆形放到两个正方形之外=图3 同理第二套图,选1 A B C D 第399道选B 解析:整套图各图项相似,第二套图左右两边的分枝都是连在一起的 第400道选A 解析:减少上面的一个实心正方形(或圆形)加一竖线和一斜线 减少下面的一个实心正方形(或圆形)增加一斜线

第401道选A 解析:以图1为基准,整个图形依次旋转90度,得下一个图 第402道选C 解析:观察每两个图之间的变化:右上方和左下方这两个方位依次交替增加一斜边 第403道选A 解析:图1+图2+图1=图3

第404道选A 解析:分针不动,时针顺时钟旋转。 第405道选C 解析:主要看竖线旁边的图形的外框:每一项竖线旁边的图形的外框都不一样。 第406道选A 解析:第一套图:图1和图3的构成元素相同(都是三角形) 两套图各图项一一对应相似。 同理第二套图选A

第407道选2 解析:第一套图:先把图2看成是斜放的,图1叠加图2=图3 叠加后图2没有超过底边,根据这个规律套到第二套图,既可推出答案 第408道选D 解析:这道题是选出与题干最不相似的图形,A,B,D三项都是由直线构成与题干相似,只有D项有弧线。所以答案是D 第409道选C 解析:两个图之间有相似的部分 第410道选B 解析:以图1为基准,整个图形依次逆时钟旋转90度,每旋转一次黑点交替上下移动得下一个图

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第55道选B 解析:第一套图:把各个图项分为构成两部分:1闭合图形2闭合图形外边的线段 第1部分 先看闭合图形:边数为4,3,4而且每一个闭合图形都不同,重心中,下,下① 第2部分 再看闭合图形外的线段方位:两个是在上方,一个是在左侧。 (即:两个方位相同一个方位不同)②联立第一套图规律①和规律②套到第二套图,看是两套图各图项是否一一对应相似。 第二套图:第1部分: 先看其边数,3,4,?,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>4边,先排除A 看各图项:都为不同的闭合图形,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>和第二套图的其他图项不相同的闭合图形,排除C 再看重心:下,中,?,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>重心向下,再排除D 上面的种分析都符合规律①, 再看线段的方位:在具备规律①的基础上,加上一一对应相似的 规律; 看是否也符合②。要闭合图形外线段的两个 方位相同一个方位不同,那么只有B和C 项。但是C项不符合规律①,所以推出答案 是B

第56道选A 解析: 第一幅图的第一排移到第二排(第二幅图),再移到第三排(第三幅图)。。第一幅图的第二排移到第三排(第二幅图),再移到第四排(第三幅图)。。第一幅图的第三排移到第四排(第二幅图),再移到第一排(第三幅图)。。 第57道选C 解析:第2套图联线两端的图形互换 第58道选D 解析:第一套图从图1到图3是方框递减,图2和图3都有2个小圆 根据两套图的相似性图1到图2也是方框递减 第2套图是图2和答案项都有2个叉,图3有2个圆

最新图形推理典型题目例解析第到道

图形推理典型题目例解析第到道

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第55道选B 解析:第一套图:把各个图项分为构成两部分:1闭合图形2闭合图形外边的线段 第1部分 先看闭合图形:边数为4,3,4而且每一个闭合图形都不同,重心中,下,下① 第2部分 再看闭合图形外的线段方位:两个是在上方,一个是在左侧。 (即:两个方位相同一个方位不同)②联立第一套图规律①和规律②套到第二套图,看是两套图各图项是否一一对应相似。 第二套图:第1部分: 先看其边数,3,4,?,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>4边,先排除A 看各图项:都为不同的闭合图形,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>和第二套图的其他图项不相同的闭合图形,排除C 再看重心:下,中,?,按两套图各图项一一对应相似的规律: ?=>重心向下,再排除D 上面的种分析都符合规律①, 再看线段的方位:在具备规律①的基础上,加上一一对应相 似的规律; 看是否也符合②。要闭合图形外线段的两 个方位相同一个方位不同,那么只有B和 C项。但是C项不符合规律①,所以推出 答案是B

第56道选A 解析: 第一幅图的第一排移到第二排(第二幅图),再移到第三排(第三幅图)。。第一幅图的第二排移到第三排(第二幅图),再移到第四排(第三幅图)。。第一幅图的第三排移到第四排(第二幅图),再移到第一排(第三幅图)。。 第57道选C 解析:第2套图联线两端的图形互换 第58道选D 解析:第一套图从图1到图3是方框递减,图2和图3都有2个小圆 根据两套图的相似性图1到图2也是方框递减 第2套图是图2和答案项都有2个叉,图3有2个圆

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教学楼得质量缺陷就是客观存在得,因此承包方应当承担维修,产生得费用问题就由学校与施工方协商。如果协商不成采用诉讼。 案例分析二 某建筑公司(施工单位)与某房地产开发公司(建设单位)签订了一个施工承包合同,由建筑公司承建一栋20层得办公楼。合同约定开工日期为2006-4-8,竣工日期为2007-8-8。每月26日,按照当月所完成得工程量,开发公司向建筑公司支付工程进度款。 问本案例得法律关系构成就是什么? 答:①主体就是某建筑公司与某房地产开发公司,客体就是一栋20层办公楼。②某建筑公司享有得权利就是按时、按金额得获得工程进度款。义务就是保质、保量、保工期得完成一栋20层得办公楼。 某房地产开发公司享有得权利就是获得一栋20层保质、保量、保工期得办公楼。义务就是按照合同规定支付工程进度款。 案例分析三 【背景资料】 ●某省重点工程项目计划于2004年12月28日开工,由于工程复 杂,技术难度高,一般施工队伍难以胜任,业主自行决定采取邀 请招标方式。于2004年9月8日向通过资格预审得A、B、C、 D、E五家施工承包企业发出了投标邀请书。该五家企业均按接 受了邀请,并于规定时间9月20日~22日购买了招标文件。 ●招标文件中规定,10月18日下午4时就是招标文件规定得投标 截止时间。评标标准:能够最大限度地满足招标文件中规定得

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