考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记
众所周知，考研是人生的一次重新洗牌和重大机遇，而在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考生前进征途上的一只凶猛拦路虎和十分困难的羁跘与障碍。
详细分析历年考研英语试卷，又可以发现主要矛盾在于阅读（占60%的分数），故可谓：得阅读者得天下。阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢？
技巧一：看懂
阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第一项技巧。
任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。单词就像盖房的砖瓦，考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。（推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，而是采用历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有大纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从高到低排列，而且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学生用最少的时间获得最好的学习效率）.
拿到词汇书之后，首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……, （因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆黑，所以称之为“黑”字）. “黑”字是阅读的头一个障碍，单词不认识，句子当然看不懂，所以，消灭“黑”字是当务之急。（争取用一个月左右的时间消灭它们！)
考研词汇中，除“黑”字外，还有大量意思非常明白的所谓“白”字，如：able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。此类单词可一掠而过，除“黑”（完全不认识）和“白”（完全明白）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss, ……。甚至还有大量你觉得会但其实并非如此的“灰”字，如：spring 除了“春天”之外，还当“泉水”、“弹簧”讲;account除了“帐户”，还作“原因;理由;解释;说明;报告;占……”解。affect除了“爱，深情”之外，还有“做作……”之义。背诵单词时，一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句才能牢记其意义。
除单词外，有时句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害，如：
If you add to this the effects of a sonar set mounted in the small nose of a torpedo rushing through the water at speeds up to 80 miles per hour with its consequent noise and vibration, plus hullborne vibrations from the power plant, it can be seen that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success.
看完此句，很多考生如坠五里雾中，不知所云。其实，看懂长难句有点像撒网捕鱼，收网时应收紧网绳（叫纲），渔网自然会合拢。不要去乱抓网眼（那叫目）。看长难句亦应该做到“纲举目张”，先找句子的骨架（主＋谓＋宾），再解决修饰成份（定、状等）.
此句it后为主句，但it不是其真正主语，叫形式主语，真正主语为后边的that从句，一般来说，英语的“主＋谓＋宾”也应像汉语那样按顺序放好，主语放谓语前，即：“只有最先进的电子过滤器才有成功的可能这一点可以被看得很明白。" （形式主语it不必译）但英译汉中，应尽量少用被动句型。所以，此句可译为：“可以很清楚地看出：只有最先进的电子过滤器才有可能获得成功”. （形式主语it不必译）
it前边不是句子的主要部分，而是一个由if 所引领的长长的状语从句。（如果说主＋谓＋宾是树干的话，定、状则像树叶，要繁杂和麻烦得多。）在整个if...这样一个句子构成的状语中，if you（主语）add （谓语）the effect to this（双宾语）为基本框架;那第二个宾语为何要倒过来呢？因为第一个宾语effects 后面跟了那么长那么多的定语。（注意：英语常将定语写在名词后，这一点与中文大相径庭：中文的定语一律放在名词前）
第一个定语为介词词组“of a sonar set " ，修饰effects，译为：“一套声纳设施的效果”;第二个定语为“mounted in the small nose" ，过去分词当定语：“被安装在一个小鼻子上的”;第三
个定语“of a torpedo" : “一个鱼雷的”;第四个定语“rushing...”译为：“以每小时80英里速度穿行于水里的”;后边还有一个“with..." ( "plus...”为两逗号间的插入语) 英文定语在名词后，中文却将定语放在名词effects前边。若定语不止一个，常采用倒着翻译的方法，我们称之为“倒解连环”.
故整句意思为：
“如果你把带着巨大噪音和震动的、以每小时80英里速度穿过水中的一个鱼雷的鼻尖部位上所安装的一套声纳设备的效果也加进去考虑的话，再加上还有由电机部分所造成的外壳的震动，那么，可以清楚地看到：只有最先进的电子过滤器才有可能获得成功。"
这就是考研英语的实情，怪不得每年的百万考研大军中，过60分者寥寥无几，每年也只有18%左右，英语考得好的同学，前途自然也比其他人更为光明。
大家切记，英语的句子中，“主＋谓＋宾”基本与中文一致，是按顺序摆放的，而定、状语经常倒着放，又长又多，比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂阅读理解中的长难句，语法基本功一定要扎实。
技巧二：选题
看懂文章之后，还有一个如何选题的问题，所以第二项技巧是选题问题。
众所周知，读完文章之后就要对文章后面的问题作出选择：是选A呢？还是选B、C？还是选D？许多考生说，文章有时看懂了，题就是选不对。其实选题也是大有技巧的，阅读的问题基本上分为五大类：
1.主旨题（又称中心思想题）: 这类题基本上是问main idea, 或best title是什么；也可以问作者写此文章的purpose何在；或问此文的conclusion可总结为什么。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想为何，则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。
2.词汇题（又称词语释义题）: 这类题常问考生一些不认识、从未见过的一些生词或词组的意思是什么。解题技巧为参考上、下文，尤其是下文。因为下文常常是对该词的解释、说明、举例等等。
3.作者态度题：常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objective) ;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative) ;赞成（approval）还是反对（opposition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成。若用贬义词，显然是反对。若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来。所以，but一词至关重要（还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等）.
4.推理性问题：其典型词有两个：infer和imply。如：What can you infer from the story? 或What is the implied meaning of this sentence?
切记，推理性问题原文中没有现成的答案。答案是你自己推想出来的，但不能凭空瞎想，必须以原文中某句话或某个词语为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。
注意：以上四种题型顶多占阅读理解考试总分的1/4左右，而其他约30分的题都属于以下提到的：细节性问题！
5.细节性问题：（声明：本书中没有指出题型的，大多为细节题）
此类题占阅读总分40分中的30分左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。
除了将文章看懂，把题目选对之外，阅读理解还有两个非常重要的注意事项：速度与步骤。技巧三：速度
大家都知道，仅仅把题选对是不够的，因为考试还有时间的限制。（你就算选对，每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗？！）记住，考试总共180分钟，四篇阅读最多占70～80分钟（即17～20分钟一篇），其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。
那么，对于速度过慢的考生，郭老师有什么建议呢？
第一、加大词汇量，这样读起来才会势如破竹，一气呵成。若生词太多，自然会磕磕跘跘，走不了太快。
第二、阅读中最忌讳的是一个字一个字地去读，那样又慢又差。正确的方法是用眼去抓句子的大致结构（叫意群阅读法）。还记得前面那个长难句吗？郭老师并没有孤零零地去看每一个词，而是先找到了it后面的主句，前头的if句虽然很长，只不过是个状语而已。而在主句中，我又抓住了它的主语that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success 和谓语can be seen。这种提纲挈领的读法，不仅可以使速度加快，更可以使准确率提高。
第三、考研是一场艰苦卓绝的拼搏。考研英语又比四、六级要难，所以保持头脑清醒和旺盛的斗志也至关重要。因此，考试前一天晚上的充足睡眠十分重要，可以在考场上保持敏锐、清醒的头脑，这对提高速度和专注精力大有裨益！
技巧四：步骤
阅读的步骤也十分重要。许多考生拿到文章之后从头读起，读完再去一个一个选答案。这种方法十分传统，叫整体阅读法。其优点是可以有一种全局感或整体感。缺点是文章太长，读后细节记不住，再去找答案又费劲又容易出错，许多细节都混淆在一起了，得分经常不高。郭老师建议同学们用一下查找阅读法：读完第一段就做第一题。然后看第二个问题问的什么，带着这个问题去看第二段，然后是第三段、第四段，依此类推。（注意，有一种问题可能此方法不太适用，那就是：主旨性问题）。查找式阅读法虽然把文章看得支离破碎，但得分往往很高，因为你刚看一段就去做一道题，这样记得住细节，抓得很准，广大考生不妨一试！
在开始研究历年真题阅读理解之前，有一件特别重要的事必须提醒广大读者：要使自己的阅读水平真正提高，必须先做题，后看答案和解析。如果顺序倒过来，阅读水平丝毫得不到提高。做题时间为一篇文章17至20分钟，Part A四篇文章时间控制在70~80分钟。下面，以最近考过的2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题中的阅读理解题为开篇，请同学们以这几篇真题阅读文章为练习，在规定的时间内，检测自己的真实水平。无论做的结果如何，都保持一种从零开始的心态，认真研读此书，一定会获益匪浅！
2007考研英语真题阅读理解
TEXT 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in
springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers."
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
［A］stress the importance of professional training.
［B］spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
［C］introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
［D］explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word "mania" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means
［A］fun.
［B］craze.
［C］hysteria.
［D］excitement.
23. According to Ericsson, good memory
［A］depends on meaningful processing of information.
［B］results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
［C］is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
［D］requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
［A］talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
［B］biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
［C］the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
［D］high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? ［A］"Faith will move mountains."
［B］"One reaps what one sows."
［C］"Practice makes perfect."
［D］"Like father, like son."
Text 2
For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version) . Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?" , Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?
［A］Answering philosophical questions.
［B］Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
［C］Telling the differences between certain concepts.
［D］Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3?
［A］People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
［B］More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
［C］The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
［D］Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because.
［A］the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
［B］creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
［C］vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
［D］the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that
［A］test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability.
［B］IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
［C］testing involves a lot of guesswork.
［D］traditional tests are out of date.
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?
［A］Supportive.
［B］Skeptical.
［C］Impartial.
［D］Biased.
Text 3
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
［A］the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
［B］their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
［C］they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
［D］they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have
［A］a higher sense of security.
［B］less secured payments.
［C］less chance to invest.
［D］a guaranteed future.
33. According to the author, health-savings plans will
［A］help reduce the cost of healthcare.
［B］popularize among the middle class.
［C］compensate for the reduced pensions.
［D］increase the families' investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
［A］financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
［B］the middle class may face greater political challenges.
［C］financial problems may bring about political problems.
［D］financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
［A］The Middle Class on the Alert
［B］The Middle Class on the Cliff
［C］The Middle Class in Conflict
［D］The Middle Class in Ruins
Test 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection in now high on the boss's agenda in business of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders" . Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economics assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36. The statement: "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce
［A］the fierce business competition.
［B］the feeble boss-board relations.
［C］the threat from news reports.
［D］the severity of data leakage.
37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
［A］whether there is any weak point.
［B］what sort of data has been stolen.
［C］who is responsible for the leakage.
［D］how the potential spies can be located.
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
［A］shareholders' interest should be properly attended to.
［B］information protection should be given due attention.
［C］businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
［D］the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
［A］see the link between trust and data protection.
［B］perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
［C］realize the high cost of data restoration.
［D］appreciate the economic value of trust.
40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
［A］data leakage is more severe in Europe.
［B］FTC's decision is essential to data security.
［C］California takes the lead in security legislation.
［D］legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
下面对1994年-2006年的考研英语真题阅读理解Part A部分进行深度剖析:
2006考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记
TEXT 1
In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the
casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture.People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19 th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence." The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do US-born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word "homogenizing" (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means .
［A］identifying ［B］associating ［C］assimilating［D］monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19 th century .
［A］played a role in the spread of popular culture
［B］became intimate shops for common consumers
［C］satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
［D］owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the US .
［A］are resistant to homogenization
［B］exert a great influence on American culture
［C］are hardly a threat to the common culture
［D］constitute the majority of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
［A］To prove their popularity around the world.
［B］To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.
［C］To give examples of successful immigrants.
［D］To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is .
［A］rewarding［B］successful ［C］fruitless［D］harmful
大纲单词注：1.本书单词右上角标注的数字是该单词在历年真题（1994年-2007年）中出现的次数。
2.单词词义前标注的“①、②”等数字表示该单词同一词性的不同词义。
3.在《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》精读版中本书单词均配有真题例句。
absence 1 ［5AbsEns］n.①缺席，不在场；②缺乏，没有
act 9［Akt］v.①行动，做事；②(on）起作用；③表演；④(for）代表，代替；n.①行为，动作；②（一）幕；③法令，条例
amaze 5［E5meiz］v.使惊奇，使惊愕，使惊叹
array 2［E5rei］n.①一系列，大量；②排列；v.排列
assimilate 2［E5simileit］v.①（被）吸收，（被）消化；②（使或被）同化
associate 3［E5sEuFieit］v.①(with）使联系，使联合；②交往，结合；n.合作人，伙伴，同事，同行；a.副的
atmosphere 3［5AtmEsfiE］n.①大气（层）; ②空气；③气氛，环境
author 65［5C:WE］n.①作者；②创始人
background 6［5bAkgraund］n.背景，经历
cater 1［5keitE］vi.备办食物，满足（需要），投合
census 4［5sensEs］n.人口普查（调查）
constitute 4［5kCnstitju:t］v.组成，构成
consumption 4［kEn5sQmpFEn］n.消费（量），消耗
culture 19［5kQltFE］n.①修养，教养；②文化，文明
democratic 6［7demE5krAtik］a.民主的
department 5［di5pB:tmEnt］n.①部，局，处，科，部门；②系，学部
description 6［dis5kripFEn］n.①描写，形容；②种类
deteriorate 1［di5tiEriEreit］v.（使）恶化，（使）变坏
discourse 1［dis5kC:s,5diskC:s］n.演讲，论述，论文，讲道，谈话，谈论；vi.谈论，演说elegant 3［5eligEnt］a.优雅的，优美的，精致的
elevate 2［5eliveit］v.抬起，升高
elite 3［ei5li:t］n.①［总称］上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团；②出类拔萃的人（集团），精英
environment 12［in5vaiErEnmEnt］n.环境，外界
exert 3［ig5zE:t］v.尽（力），施加（压力等）
forum 1［5fC:rEm］n.论坛，讨论会
goods 9［gudz］n.商品，货物
hence 6［hens］ad.①从此，今后；②因此
identify 9［ai5dentifai］v.①识别，鉴别；②(with）把……和……看成一样，打成一片immigrant 10［5imigrEnt］a.（从国外）移来的，移民的；n.移民，侨民
immune 3［i5mju:n］a.①免疫的，有免疫力的；②有受影响的；③免除的，豁免的
index 3［5indeks］n. (［pl.］indexes, indices) ①索引；②指数，指标，标志；v.附以索引，编入索引
influence 16［5influEns］n.①(on）影响，感化；②势力，权势；v.影响，感化
intimate 1［5intimit］a.亲密的，密切的
issue 16［5iFu:］v.①流出，放出；②发行，发表，颁布；n.①发行（物）, （报刊）期号；
②问题，争论点，争端
launch 4［lC:ntF］v.①发射；②使（船）下水；③发动，开展；n.发射，下水
origin 3［5CridVin］n.①起源，由来；②出身，来历
刘晓艳英语阅读课堂笔记：1、原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同意替换。 2、文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。 3、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的（要有这个意识）。 4、就一般而言，some people ，表作者不认同的观点。few people ，表作者的观点。 5、用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。（要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力）。 6、某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。 7、有的时候，一句话可以设2 个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。 8、文章基本以5 段为主（也有6 段、7 段的），要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。 9、一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下! 10、每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。 11、若文章首段以why 为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because 的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。 12、有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2 或3 句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。 13、在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案，接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。这和7选5的技巧有些相似。不过这种情况并不多见。 14、一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
考研英语93分学长的阅读笔记（强烈推荐） 考研英语阅读的基本解题思路（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键项。第二，通读全文，抓住中心。1. 通读全文，抓两个重点：①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概 念？③作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文）1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 阅读理解的解题技巧 1. 例证题：①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。②返回原文，找出该例证
所在的位置，既给该例子定位。③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。（╳）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。2. 指代题：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。3. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
首先，这个文档不同于别的参考书，它是以一句话为单元，给您讲解单词，语法， 译文，适合基础薄弱的同学。 第二，请同学先用这个文档把里面的单词，语法和句子都弄明白了，再听这个视 频。这个视频只是讲解绿色标注的部分内容，还有详细讲解后面的选项。 黄伟英语原创 Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points) Text 1 第一段 Come on –Everybody’s doing it. [译文] 赶快加入吧——大家都在这样做。 That whispered message, （half invitation and half forcing）, is what most of us think of（when we hear the words peer pressure. ）
whisper v. 小声说 whispered message 耳语 think of 想起 forcing adj. 强迫的，施加压力的；n. 强制 peer pressure 同辈压力 黄伟英语原创 同辈压力（peer pressure）是指同辈人互相比较中产生的心理压力，一个 同辈人团体对个人施加影响，会促使个人改变其态度、价值观戒行为使其遵守团 体准则。 【语法】 主干：That whispered message….. is what most of us think of….. 从句1：what most of us think of 由what 引导的做is 的表语从句揑入语：half invitation and half forcing 地点状语从句：when we hear the words peer pressure. 【译文】 这一半是邀请一半是强迫的耳语是我们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”这个词 时会想到的 It usually lead s to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
【考研英语辅导班】如何完成考研英语阅读笔记启道考研分享 得英语者得考研，想超越80分，关注启道英语考研辅导班。 全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语（一）和英语（二）。 英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。 英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。 对于很多考生来说，考研英语是一门比较难的科目，很多同学为了取得更好的分数都会选择报考研英语辅导班!那么多的考研英语辅导班那，究竟哪个考研英语辅导班比较好呢?哪个才是适合自己的呢？启道考研小编来帮忙。 在启道考研英语辅导班，不需要每天不停的刷阅读，刷阅读，刷阅读。。。。。更不需要毫无目标的做真题，做真题，做真题。。。。。掌握有效的学习方法，完成事半功倍的学习效率。 第一，扫描题干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1. 通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读，有重点的读) 2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。(仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩) 定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)
②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 阅读理解解题技巧 1. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性。 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案。 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
备考研究生的同学都知道，考研英语阅读理解在试卷中所占的分值比重是最大的，是需要花时间和精力重点突破的一个专项。其从题型分类的角度，涉及到细节题，主旨大意题，推断题，词(句)义判断题，例证题，态度题。每种题型都有相应的解题方法，比如细节题，需要通过题干中的关键词回到文章中定位，重点理解定位信息句，通过比对选项把错误选项排除掉。主旨大意题需要把握文章的首尾段以及高频出现的词，还需要重点关注一些表示观点的词，比如 ，argue, deem, consider, assume等后面的信息，综合把握文章的核心。例证题需要找到例子所在的出处，在例子周围寻找观点性的内容。 在了解了每一种题型的解题方法后，各位考生就需要有针对性地进行练习强化。鉴于此，老师将考研英语历年真题阅读理解按题型分类汇总如下： (一)细节题： 具体信息： 2003年 41题，45题，47题，49题，51题，55题 2004年 42题，54题，56题，58题，59题 2005年 27题，29题，33题，35题，36题，39题 2006年 22题，28题，29题， 2007年 26题，31题，32题，37题，39题 2008年 22题，29题，32题，33题 2009年 26题，27题，29题，32题，33题，35题，38题; 2010年 21题，26题，35题，37题，39题 2011年 26题，27题，31题，32题，33题，39题， (二)主旨题： 2002年 45题; 2004年 55题; 2007年 25题; 2008年 25题;26题;30题;35题 2009年 30题; 2010年 25题;30题 2011年 30题;35题 (三)推理题 1. 段落推理 2003年 53题; 2004年 48题; 2005年25题; 2006年39题; 2. 细节推理 2003年50题;56题 2004年57题; 2006年32题; 2007年27题; 2008年34题;38题 3. 全文推理 2009年 40题 (四)词(句)义题： 2003年 43题;54题 2004年 43题;50题，52题;53题 2005年 28题;37题 2006年 33题;21题 2007年 22题 2008年 24题; 2009年 23题; 2010年 28题;31题 (五)推理题： 2003年 44题;50题;53题 2004年 47题;57题; 2005年 25题
英语作文（英一&&英二）超全笔记 题型及注意事项 一、题型（40min） （一）大作文：图画、图表作文25min 150-200 （二）小作文 15min 100 1.Letter （1）公务书信（不熟的人） （2）私人书信（熟悉的人） 2.告示 notice 二、评分原则与方法 （一）书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰 （二）?注意： 1.单词、语法第一位：正确、准确、多变 2.结构第二位 三段论 句子之间多用逻辑关系词 多用代词代替已经出现过的名词 3.内容不重要，用来凑字数（积极向上） 三、考研写作常见问题 （一）语域问题：语言的正式性与非正式性 1.缩写词不正式 2.泛指的不定代词 you 不正式，正式文体常用 one 代替 eg：One(You) never know what measures the president will take. 3.正式文体的引导词 that 不可以省略 4.插入语使句子更正式 状语； 同位语 （二）语法常见问题 1.名词单复数：可数名词不可单独使用，要?冠词或者变复数，分不清就? the 2.主谓一致 3. 时态
以一般现在时为主 描述图画经常用现在进行时 描述图标经常用一般过去时 举例子经常用一般过去时 4.词性误用 5.中文思维 四、注意 图中有文字一定要仔细看 高分亮点 一、高分词句 随着人们生活水平的提高 With people's living standards improving, ….. 随着全球化的深入 With deepening globalization, ….. 提升解决问题的能力 improve their problem-solving skills 提高外语水平 improve their foreign language proficiency 经常锻炼 regularly take exercises / exercise on a regular basis 养成阅读的习惯 develop the habit of reading 勇敢面对并战胜困难 bravely face and conquer their di?iculties 保护环境/提高环保意识 protect the environment /improve their awareness of environmental protection 节约能源 save energy 更好地了解外国文化 have a better understanding of foreign cultures 为自己的传统文化感到骄傲 be proud of/celebrate/embrace traditional culture 对父母孝顺 be filial to their parents 随着经济的繁荣
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
一．考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走） 第一，扫描提干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1. 通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）； ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读） 2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ ②文章中有无提到核心概念？ ③作者的大致态度是什么？ 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等） ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文） 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 二．阅读理解的解题技巧 1. 例证题： ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。 ? 即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。（╳） 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性
2019考研英语阅读理解常见题型总结 来源：智阅网 考研英语阅读理解虽然难度不小，但是还是有规律可循。掌握好了规律，可以有效提高我们的复习效率和复习成绩。所以，就来说说阅读理解的常见题型有哪些。 1.主旨大意题。 这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下： A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。 B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。 C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。 D.如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中心。这是一个检验的过程。 2.事实细节题。 此类题占阅读总分40分中的50%左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过
为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。其基本应对技巧如下： A.基本原则是以中心为导向，忠实原文为基础，千万不可主观臆断，最好的方法是回到原文的出题点进行揣摩。 B.必须看清题目，尤其是当题目就某一个具体细节并且脱离文章中心的提问。一般来说，细节问题绝大部分是围绕文章中心进行出题，但不排除文中就一些具体的，因果互动现象的内容提问。 3.词汇短语题。 其分值不高，考察范围可分为两类。第一，纲内词汇词义的引申。考察考生对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。一般来说，该词的本意不是解，但是其引申义上仍可以找到本意的影子。第二，纲外词汇词义的推断。 4.推断性问题。 此类题大概占20%左右的分值，总体难度不大，是考生的必得分点。中心导向依然是解题的宏观主线，其关键是忠实原文的推断。其应对策略和事实细节题类似，考生在该题型上的主要失误在于脱离文章主观臆断造成的。 5.语气态度题。 对作者态度的判断是构成阅读理解的两条宏观主线之一。因此，正确辨明作者对所叙述事物的态度，不仅关系到本类题型的解答，也潜在影响到其他问题的正确解答。这类题目主要从作者文中描述事物所用到的形容词，副词，动词等表达感情色彩的词汇入手。当选项不能确定时，再回到原文中找关键词。对这类题型，分清褒贬一般不难，是考生的必得分点。 我们还可以做做何老师的2019《考研英语阅读思路解析》，有助于我们更好地理解阅读理解这个题型，并且还能培养好应试心理。
考研英语词汇复习笔记 翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇，而词汇量是巨大的，必须要有日常的积累和复习，并且掌握科学的记忆方法，才能最有效地积累词予匚量。下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记，以供大家参考。(1) 1. bereave :使某人丧失(尤指亲属)bereave Sb Of Sb an accident WhiCh bereaved Him Of his Wife 使他丧失妻子的事古攵the bereaved husband 死了妻子的男人 the bereaved丧失亲人的人 bereavement(n):丧亲之痛，丧失亲人 deprive : take Sth away from sb;PreVent Sb from enjoying Or USing Sth剥夺sb/sth的sth;阻止某人 享有或使用Sth deprive sb/sth Of Sth deprive Of OneS CiVil rights剥夺某人的公民权deprivation(n):剥夺;贫困;被剥夺的事物WideSPreaCl deprivation 普遍贫困 MiSSing the HOIiday WaS a great deprivatiOrL错失假日是极大的损失。 deprived(adj):贫困的，穷苦的deprived ChildhOOd 贫苦的童年
2. abdomen : Part Of the body below the CheSt and CliaPhragm,cOntaining the stomach.腹部 abdominal(adj)腹部的an abdominal OPeratiOn 月复咅8手术belly : (口)front Of the HUman body from the WaiSt to the groin;belly 肚子，胃 With an empty belly 空着肚子 in the belly Of a ShiP 在船腹里 belly OUt(动词用法):鼓涨,凸出The Wind bellied OUt the SaiIS 3. c onSeCrate : devote sth/sb to Or reserve sth/sb for a SPeCial (esp religious) PUrPOSe 扌巴sth/sb 献给 sth/sb 做某种(尤其宗教)用途COnSeCrate sth/sb to Sth COnSeCrate OneS Iife to the SerViCe Of GOd,to the relief Of SUffering献身于为神服务(解除世人痛苦)的事业 devote : give OneS time z energy to sth/sb; dedicate 为某人付出，向某人奉献，献身于devote Oneself/sth to sb/sth devoted(adj):热爱的，非常忠实的Z全心全意的a devoted SOn
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work