第十六章虚拟语气
一、考纲解读
虚拟语气是高考热点，考生需要注意if条件从句中虚拟语气的用法、含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的用法和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；以及虚拟语气中倒装的出现；虚拟语气用于定语从句等。
二、考点精讲
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
考点一虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)
If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)
注意：
1. 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
2. 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数
的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。
3. 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。
4.在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。如：
If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
5. 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)
考点二虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法
I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
考点三虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
1. 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.他要她立刻离开这所房子。
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。
2. 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。
3. 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：It's required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个学生准时到校。
4. 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？
5. 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋that从句或It's a pity，
a shame等名词＋that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。
考点四虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：I've loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。
考点五虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
1. It's high time that-从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如：It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。
2. would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
3. if only…要是……多好啊。如：
If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。
4. 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：
May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China.
中华人民共和国万岁！
三、误区点拨
1. 【误】The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.
【解析】根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。
2. 【误】Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【解析】当条件中含有were, had, should等时，可省略if，从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。
3. 【误】If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】If only I had seen the film yesterday.
【解析】if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望，其谓语动词应用过去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。
四、实战演练
第一组
1. 【2012湖南卷】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
【答案】D
【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一般过去式表对现在的假设。
2. 【2012陕西卷】If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气。
【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。
3. 【2012北京卷】We ______ the difficulty together, but w hy didn’t you tell me?
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced
D. must have faced
【答案】C
【考点】考查虚拟语气。
【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
4. 【2012北京卷】Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A.is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
【答案】B
【考点】虚拟语气考点。
【解析】对现在的虚拟用were。
5. 【2012山东卷】If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made
B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. hadn’t made
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。
6. 【2011北京卷】—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
【答案】A
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“—孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。—我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
7. 【2011北京卷】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
【答案】C
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
8. 【2011天津卷】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选D。
第二组
1. 【2011江苏卷】—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen 【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“—我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。—失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
2. 【2011福建卷】—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended
B.had attended
C.would attend
D.would have attended
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“—真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。—我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
3. 【2011陕西卷】I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
【答案】A
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period 表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
4. 【2011江西卷】It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t
B.can’t
C.won’t
D.needn’t
【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止，不允许；can’t 不可能；won’t 不愿意，就是不，偏不；needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only 一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。
5. 【2011江西卷】We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A.will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put
【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。
6. 【2010·浙江卷】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy________.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据Had I known提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。
7. 【2010·江苏卷】George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。
8. 【2010·福建卷】Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride
bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn't allow
D. couldn't allow
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
五、模拟演练
1. 【2011·北京海淀期末】If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we ________there by now.
A. would be
B. are
C. have been
D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。
2. 【2011·福建龙岩检测】—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
—I________, either, if my mother hadn’t reminded me.
A. wouldn’t
B. wouldn’t have
C. didn’t
D. hadn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略)。
3. 【2010·南通二模】—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.
A. worked
B. had worked
C. would work
D. were working
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。
4. 【2010·合肥二模】—Did you make it at last?
—Yes.But for your help, it________a serious loss.
A. would cause
B. must have caused
C. would have caused
D. may cause
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意为：—你们最后成功了吗？—成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for...要不是……。
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
第八章虚拟语气 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【语气和语气的分类】 语气也是动词的一种形式变化。这和汉语中的语气是不一样的，它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，而汉语没有体现。英语中的语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1）陈述语气表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。例如： There are two sides to every question．每个问题都有两个方面。 We can finish the work in time. 我们可以按时完成工作。 2）祈使语气表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。例如： Don't be late for class．上课不要迟到。 Mary, don’t stay under the tree. 玛莉，别呆在树底下。 3）虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：I were，He be，She return等，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，或用来表示一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等。例如： If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟的话，我就会在天空中自由的飞翔。 His teacher suggested that he (should) apply to Harvard University. 他老师建议他申请哈佛大学。 The commander-in-chief ordered that she return to the headquarter at one. 总指挥命令她立刻回总部。 【考试说明的变化】 由于本章知识有难度，所以在２００７年以前的《考试大纲》或《考试说明》中，必考的语法项目表内都没有虚拟语气这一块儿。所以，以前的老师和学生都不太重视虚拟语气的讲解和学习。但是，由于虚拟语气在英语中的大量应用，导致许多学生在篇章理解方面因为知识上的欠缺而遇到不少困难。可能是由于这个原因，２００７年的山东省高考英语《考试说明》中，明确将虚拟语气这一章列入了考查范围。笔者认为，这个变化非常值得我们重视，并在未来的几年内不会再有变动。所以，我们必须补上这一课。 【虚拟语气的分类】 根据不同的标准或从不同的视角，虚拟语气可以被分为多个种类。但是，为了方便同学们的学习，笔者在这里从两个视角把虚拟语气分开。 视角一、根据虚拟语气使用的目的分 1、虚拟派 虚拟派指的是句子所述的情况与事实明显不相符的虚拟语气。例如：He talks about the USA as if he had been there. 他谈论起美国来就和去过似的。 (其实说话人知道他并没有去过美国) If only Kevin were here. 要是凯文在这里就好了。（可惜凯文不在这里） If you had come to my house yesterday, you would have seen the president. 要是你昨天到我家来了的话，你就看到总统了。（可惜你没有来） 2、语气派 与虚拟派不同的是，语气派的句子所述的情况与事实没有明显不相符。或者根本不涉及所述情况的真假与否，更多的是表达某种语气，如建议、请求、命令、坚持、决定、要求等。例如：
虚拟语气 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说 的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型: 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和 后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是 将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中 的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分 利用他的时间了。 If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be 时，可用was 代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如： Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。 (2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
2010高三英语名师手记：虚拟语气篇 一、考纲要求 根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。 二、命题导向 依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中，出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。 三、复习要点 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种： 1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 (1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be一般用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth? If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。 【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should和were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。 ⑶含蓄虚拟条件句 有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如： ①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件 She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help… But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not bee n the heavy snow… She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news… It wo uld be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way… ②句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。 He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。 Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I a bsent。
高考英语虚拟语气知识点单元汇编 一、选择题 1．His suggestion that she ________ in his home suggested he ________ very warm-hearted. A．would stay; was B．stayed; be C．should stay; be D．stay; was 2．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 3．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 4．Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight . A．could not have solved B．could not be solved C．can not have been solved D．could not have been solved 5．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 6．With the help of the detective Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother insisted an amount of money as a reward. A．to give B．on his giving C．he was given D．he be given 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 9．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 10．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. A．was B．be C．were D．is 11．Yesterday, Jane walked away from the heated discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something arbitrary that she would regret forever. A．must have said B．said C．might say D．might have said 12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be 13．She wouldn’t have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn’t intend to hurt her.
虚拟语气 一、单项选择:(共18小题,每题1分) 1.If I had had enough time, I my work.[] A.would finish B.must have finished C.would have finished D.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they the plane.[] A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caught D.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students a composition every otherweek. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he the exam.[] A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed 5.I wish I what is happening there in his room.[] A.know B.known C.knew D.should know 6.It is important that you sports every day.[] A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything .[] A.will die B.would die C.would have died D.would have been dead 8.what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known 9.He ordered that the work right away.[] A.should finish B.finished C.would be finished D.be finished 10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight[] —No, I'd rather at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A.you stayed B.you stay C.stayed D.stay 11.in your position, I would help him.[] A.Was I B.Were I C.If I am D.If I had been 12.I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain.[] A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to come D.meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists in that old hotel.[] A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would .[] A.understand it B.have understood C.be understood D.have been understood 15.If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A.haven't watched B.hadn't watched C.didn't watch D.wouldn't have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A.is B.be C.should be D.was 17.—If he , he that food.[] —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned; would not take B.would be warned; had not taken C.had been warned;would not have taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 18.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology achieved.
上海高考英语语法拓展：虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的条件句形式 英语的动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用在条件或让步状语从句中，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,；一是在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议。 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中： 1，与过去相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+had done 主句：主语＋should, would, might, could + have done She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 2, 与现在事实相反的假设: 条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were 主句：主语+should, would, might, could do 3，与将来相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were If+主语+were to do；If+主语+should do 主句：主语+should, would, might, could do, If it should fail, I would try again. 4. 混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句或错综时间条件句。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. Even though it hadn’t rained, we can’t get there by tomorrow. 条件虚拟主句真实。 二、虚拟语气that + 主语+ (should) do结构 下列情形下that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should do，should可以省略。 表过去用should have done. 1，主语从句： 1）在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等； It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once． It's strange that he should say so.It's right that you should think that way. 这类的形容词还有advisable，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative, important, possible, preferable, probable, strange, urgent, vital等。 2)在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/ required/加that句型中，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture． It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight． It is settled that you leave us, then? 3)在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder/ proposal/ recommendation/ suggestion/
实用英语虚拟语气的解析及其用法讲解 在当前英语语法当中，有一些学生总结的几个难点语法，其中之一就是虚拟语气，怎样判断出句子使用了虚拟语气，是哪一种形式的虚拟语气是学生无法清楚掌握的难点。本文从虚拟语气的定义到各种形式都进行了详细的讲解和分析，并针对各种形式的用法都进行了分析和举例，讲解明白，以帮助学生们能更好地了解和掌握英语语法中这个难学的语言现象。 标签：英语虚拟语气；定义；用法；分析及举例 一、虚拟语气的定义（Subjunctive Mood） 在我们了解什么是虚拟语气前，大家首先要弄清楚英语的语气表达，也就是英语学习中我们都会用到哪些语气。英语中的语气（Mood）可以分为：1The Indicative Mood（陈述语气）；2The Interrogative Mood（疑问语气）；3The Imperative Mood（祈使语气）；4The Subjunctive Mood（虚拟语气）4类。陈述、疑问、祈使语气在本文中就不再过多阐述。而我们在这里重点讲解虚拟语气。什么是虚拟语气呢？虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。 二、虚拟语气的判断及用法 （一）if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 if条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：1与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+过去分词”。 2与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should（would，could，might）+动词原形”。 3与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should（wereto）+动词原形”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+动词原形”。 （二）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断 A：表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：
高三英语语法复习课---虚拟语气说课稿与教案 高三英语陈素虹 教学设计理念: 英语教学是一种动态教学，教学过程是交际活动过程。只有从组织教学活动入手，大量地进行语言实践，使英语课堂交际化，才能有效地培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力。新课标提出：“外国语是学习文化科学知识，获取世界各方面信息和进行国际交往的重要工具。”和“发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，……”。Ellis(2002, Studies in the Second language Acquisition)指出，教师应为学生提供足够的可理解性输入，指导学生观察和留意语篇中包含的目标语法特征，并作归纳、总结，然后练习使用。本人结合区级研究课题“高中英语任务型课堂教学课题”的实施和本班学生的实际，对高三语法复习课---虚拟语气进行了操作性较强的处理。 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三英语语法---虚拟语气的复习，我在教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二两年英语学习的基础上，高三学生已经掌握了基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度，为高考和大学的进一步学习研究打下坚实的基础。但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，好胜心强，渴望在班集体里得到他人的承认，很在乎别人对他们的评价，求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师，愿意开口讲。他们有着高中生独立、爱表现自我的特点。因此，只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.把握本课复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点:
高考英语语法金点拨虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。 1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) （一）、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.----- Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.----- Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. （二）、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) （三）、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 二、在宾语从句中 1、下列动词后面接的宾语从句：表示建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)， 要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等动词用should + do 构成,should 可省略。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气 英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indiative d）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。 2. 祈使语气（The Iperative d） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subuntive d） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如： If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) shuld+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如： If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气