高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
08.03
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.
Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).
The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).
Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).
One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.
However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would
_______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.
Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18). In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television
during painful procedures _______ (20).
Part B:Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1.(A) A change in French eating habits.
(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.
(C) The origin of hamburgers.
(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.
2.(A) A variation in food supply.
(B) A change in the workforce.
(C) A rise in food prices.
(D) A fall in white-collarization.
3.(A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.
(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.
(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.
(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.
4.(A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.
(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.
(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.
(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.
5.(A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.
(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.
(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.
(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6.(A) Three.
(B) Four.
(C) Eleven.
(D) Eighteen
7.(A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.
(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.
(C) To override the lower house's decision.
(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.
8.(A) Worsening water scarcity.
(B) Increasing risks of diseases.
(C) Triggering mass displacement.
(D) Reducing the population in Asia.
9.(A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.
(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.
(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.
(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.
10.(A) 60%.
(B) 26%.
(C) 21%.
(D) 20%.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.
(A) What to do to control crime.
(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.
(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.
(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.
12.(A) Deterrence.
(B) Quick conviction.
(C) The social structure.
(D) The economy.
13.(A) Education programs are not so effective as required.
(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.
(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.
(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.
14.(A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.
(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.
(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.
(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.
15.(A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.
(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.
(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.
(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16.(A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.
(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.
(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.
(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.
17.(A) Managerial.
(B) Technological.
(C) Financial.
(D) Social.
18.(A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.
(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.
(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.
(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.
19.(A) To create your own databases on the computer.
(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.
(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.
(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.
20.(A) Graduating students.
(B) Trainee managers.
(C) Professional secretaries.
(D) Low-level administrative staff.
SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 miniutes)
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write
the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Question 1-5
Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease—poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005.
Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.
He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectious disease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."
The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."
The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India.
The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice." The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."
1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?
(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.
(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.
(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries and the poorest countries.
(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the rich and the poor.
2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,
(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005
(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes
(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities
(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection
3.According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.
(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society
(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes
(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy
(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy
4.Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.
(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement
(B) be equal to access to material necessities
(C) be material, psycho-social and political
(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"
5.What can be concluded from the passage?
(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.
(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poor countries.
(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.
(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.
Questions 6-10
In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.
It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."
Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council.
"This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand
curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.
Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."
One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.
In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and even environmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."
6.What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.
(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.
(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.
(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.
7. Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on its head"
(para. 1)?
(A) To criticize tradition.
(B) To go against tradition.
(C) To carry forward tradition.
(D) To integrate tradition.
8.In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to the practice of ________.
(A) separating the utility profits from power production
(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs
(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties
(D) rearranging the incentive structure
9.According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment, such fixed costs _______.
(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales
(B) will partially be covered by state regulators
(C) are still to be recovered by the companies
(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills
10.All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT ______.
(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants
(B) the uncertainty about future costs
(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants
(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measures
Questions 11-15
Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.
But with the greening of politics and pop culture—from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")
On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.—see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!—while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill. "But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."
Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.
It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk—not the friendliest sell to advertisers.
The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid." Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs—though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley—formerly of St. Elsewhere—notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."
Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge—for viewers as well as programmers—is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for
production assistants—though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.
11. Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?
(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.
(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.
(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.
(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.
12. By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para. 4), the author is _______.
(A) highly appreciative
(B) somewhat critical
(C) ironic and negative
(D) subjective and passionate
13.Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?
(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.
(B) They are the advocates of green movement.
(C) They are most representative of today's audience.
(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.
14. Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives." (para. 5)?
(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.
(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.
(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.
(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.
15. It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of _______.
(A) commodity exhibition
(B) display of products
(C) indirect advertising
(D) direct promotion strategy
Questions 16-20
Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played
well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.
Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire—blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.
This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the
18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.
Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers
in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.
Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very belief in the freedom that it had preached. After the victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, independence movements across the red-painted sections of the world map, and Britain's own urgent domestic priorities, meant that the Empire was doomed.
The moustache too was in terminal decline. "It had become a joke thanks to Charlie Chaplin and
Groucho Marx. It had become an international symbol of 'villainy' thanks to Hitler's toothbrush, writes Dr Brendon. In Britain it was also synonymous with the "Colonel Blimps" clinging to an outmoded idea of colonial greatness.
In Eden's faint moustache Britain's diminished international status found a fitting symbol. It all but disappeared on TV and, moments before his broadcast on the eve of the fateful occupation of the Suez Canal in 1956, his wife had to blacken the bristles with mascara. His successor, Harold Macmillan, was the last British Prime Minister to furnish his upper lip. Harold Wilson, the self-styled man of the people, had been clean shaven since the 1940s, Dr Brendon notes. "He obviously believed that the white hot technological revolution was not to be operated with a moustache."
16.It can be concluded from the passage that the British moustache _______.
(A) has been well documented in the history of the British Empire
(B) has long been considered significant in the formation and expansion of the British Empire
(C) has often been ridiculed in the colonial history of the United Kingdom
(D) has long been ignored and considered insignificant in the making of the British Empire
17.The word "virility" in the sentence "that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples" (para. 2) can best be interpreted as _______.
(A) bravery
(B) masculinity
(C) maturity
(D) puberty
18.According to the passage, the Crimean War which witnessed the development of different patterns of the British moustache was fought ________.
(A) in the early 19th century
(B) in the 18th century
(C) in the middle of the 19th century
(D) in the late 18th century
19.It can be inferred from the passage that from the 1950s to the 1960s, the three statesmen held the post of British Prime Minister by the order of _______.
(A) Harold Wilson, Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan
(B) Anthony Eden, Harold Wilson and Harold Macmillan
(C) Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan and Harold Wilson
(D) Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden and Harold Wilson
20.Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?
(A) Dr Brendon points out that colonial moustaches are the deciding factor which led to the downfall of the British Empire.
(B) Dr Brendon has made it clear that the history of colonial moustaches reflects from one angle the decline of the British Empire.
(C) Dr Brendon has tried to restore the role of colonial moustaches in the history of the British Empire.
(D) Dr Brendon has made a detailed study of the rise and decline of the British moustache in the past centuries.
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
What today's global market economy teaches many of us who are involved in political life is that even when they are inconvenient, the laws of economics, like the laws of physics, cannot be repealed for the convenience of governments. The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state. There is a paradox in all our countries. Just as a new global economy creates more to look forward to than ever before, it also brings more uncertainty and more change to worry about than ever before. That is why the challenge of crafting economy policy in your country as in mine is one of balance. A balance between moving toward necessary objectives and maintaining stability. A balance between responding to global realities and upholding domestic traditions. And a balance between the virtues of competition as the best known motivator and driver of success, and the importance of cohesion and cooperation as sources of strength for our societies. These balances will have to be struck and calibrated every year in every country in this new global economy. If one looks at the success over the long term of the economy in any developed country, more than any scientific innovation, what has been important is a potent social innovation. This is what one might call the intangible infrastructure of a modern market economy.
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.
According to traditional Cherokee beliefs, we are part of _______ (1). We don't _______ (2) with it and we're not trying to _______ (3) it. We are a part of the Great Life. And within the Great Life, there are three great Laws of Nature, which tell us how we have to live in _______ (4) with everything else. The First Law of Nature is that you don't take any life without real _______ (5). So we shouldn't _______ (6) needlessly. We believe everything is alive, including animals, plants and _______ (7). And so to us, taking the life of a plant is just as grave a _______ (8) as taking the life of an animal. The Second Law is that everything we do should _______ (9) the Great Life. And everything we do
_______ (10) the Great Life, and everything that _______ (11) within the Great Life affects us. So it's very important that what we do will not _______ (12) other parts of the Great Life. The Third Law basically is that we don't _______ (13) where we live. And where we live is not our _______ (14), small community. It's this _______ (15). We don't pour chemical _______ (16) down the drain because they all wind up in the water. It might seem a little difficult to live by those three laws in this _______ (17) society. But there are still a lot of things that we can do to bring these laws into our lives, such as _______ (18), using the _______ (19) as little as possible, and _______ (20) gardening.
Part B: Listening and Translation
I. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
II. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. (1)
(2)
SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-3
According to legend, King Canute of Denmark facetiously tried to stop the rising tide by simply raising his hand and commanding the waters to roll back. The tide, of course, kept rising. Yet policymakers throughout history have followed Canute's lead. From Hillary Clinton and John Edwards to Mitt Romney and Arnold Schwarzenegger, politicians across the spectrum have tried or vowed to solve America's health-care woes by enacting an individual mandate—a law requiring every adult to purchase health insurance. Despite its bipartisan support, the individual mandate is bad policy, a vain attempt to command a better result while doing nothing to achieve it.
Individual mandate supporters typically justify the policy by citing the problem of uncompensated care. When uninsured patients receive health services but don't pay for them, the rest of us end up footing the bill one way or another. So advocates of insurance mandates contend, plausibly enough,
that we should make the free riders pay.
But how big is the free-rider problem, really? According to an Urban Institute study released in 2003, uncompensated care for the uninsured constitutes less than 3% of all health expenditures. Even if the individual mandate works exactly as planned, that's the effective upper boundary on the mandate's impact.
Of course, it will not work exactly as planned. As anyone who has ever driven above 55 mph knows, mandating something is not the same as making it happen. Some people will not comply: 47 states require drivers to buy liability auto insurance, yet the median percentage of uninsured drivers in those states is 12%. Granted, that number might be even higher without the mandates. The point, however, is that any amount of noncompliance reduces the efficacy of the mandate.
None of this means the uninsured are not a problem. Yet the true issue isn't that they cost the rest of us too much. It's that they simply get less care than most people (one reason uncompensated care is such a small fraction of health-care spending). And if the real concern is making health insurance and health care available to those in need, we should focus on reducing health-care prices and insurance premiums. The individual mandate is, at best, a distraction from that goal.
Some proposals couple mandates with subsidies for the purchase of private insurance. As far as policies to encourage more private coverage go, you could do worse. But as long as the public has to subsidize the formerly uninsured, the problem with free riders has not been solved. We're just paying for them in a different way.
To enact any mandate, legislators and bureaucrats must specify a minimum benefits
package that an insurance policy must cover. Yet this package can't be defined in an apolitical way. Each medical specialty, from tumor treatment to acupuncture, will push for its services to be included. Ditto other interest groups. In government, bloat is the rule, not the exception.
Even now, every state has a list of benefits that any health-insurance policy must cover—from contraception to psychotherapy to hair transplants. All states together have created nearly 1,900 mandated benefits. Of course, more generous benefits make insurance more expensive. A 2007 study estimates existing mandates boost premiums by more than 20%.
If interest groups have found it worthwhile to lobby 50 state legislatures for laws affecting only voluntarily purchased insurance policies, they will surely redouble their efforts to affect the contents of a federally mandated insurance plan. Consequently, even more people will find themselves unable to afford insurance. Others will buy insurance, but only via public subsidies. Isn't that just what the doctor didn't order?
A better approach to health reform would focus on removing mandates that drive up insurance
premiums. States ought to repeal some or all of their mandated benefit laws, allowing firms to offer lower-priced catastrophic care policies to their customers. The federal government could assist by guaranteeing customers the right to buy insurance offered in any state, not just their own, enabling patients to patronize companies in states with fewer costly mandates. Indeed, removing mandates would do far more to expand health-care coverage than adding new mandates ever could.
1. What is the individual mandate mentioned at the beginning of the passage? Why does the author say that "the individual mandate is bad policy" (para. 1)?
2.What does the author mean by saying" mandating something is not the same as making it happen" (para. 4)
3.What is the author's proposal about health insurance reform? What is his reason?
Questions 4-6
On Feb. 17, 2009, it could snow all across America. Not outside, but in living rooms, on TV sets. That's the date when broadcasters will switch to digital transmission, rendering millions of standard analog TVs useless. Consumers can avoid this whiteout, but only if they're prepared. And there's the challenge: How to inform the roughly 20 million households relying exclusively on analog sets that pull in their reception for free, through rabbit ears or a rooftop antenna. Analog TVs that receive cable or satellite will not be affected.
Consumers who own these sets don't necessarily need to know why the federal government is mandating the change (to free up the airwaves for other purposes, such as wireless and public safety communications—though added benefits are better pictures and more channels). But they do need consistent and unbiased information on what to do and they need to be able to act on it. With fewer than 18 months to go, though, 56 percent of viewers with analog sets have never even heard of the switch. The General Accountability Office, the government watchdog, is concerned that with two government agencies involved, "no one is in charge."
The Federal Communications Commission is worried, too. "If we don't do a better job of planning, we'll have one of the biggest outrages Congress has ever seen," FCC commissioner Jonathan Adelstein told US senators last month. The options for consumers are fairly straightforward. Starting with the least expensive one, they are: a) buying a converter box using government coupons b) subscribing to cable or satellite TV services, which will make the transition on their end, or c) buying a digital TV. But sharing this information is anything but simple. Because it has only $5 million to get the message out, the government is turning to the private sector for help with public-service
announcements and educating consumers in stores.
This partnership makes sense, if done right. Certainly, the broadcasting industry wants viewers to keep on watching. However, there's a danger in their self-interest. Naturally, retailers also want-people to buy new digital televisions instead of opting for low-cost converters, and cable and satellite providers want new subscribers. And industry may not have enough of a financial incentive to reach out to certain analog viewing groups, such as the poor or elderly (seniors make up 40 percent of analog households).
Other serious issues remain. One is whether the converter boxes will be uniformly available in stores. Beginning in January, households should be able to apply to the Commerce Department's National Telecommunications and Information Administration for up to two $40 coupons to offset the costs of converter boxes expected to be priced from $50 to $70. But some retailers may not stock the boxes if they don't have much demand for them.
And what about recycling analog televisions, of which there are an estimated 70 million? More than anything, what's needed is oversight and coordination of the conversion. Congress should designate one of the two government agencies involved in this project to take the lead, or empower an independent group to oversee the transition.
4. What is the major topic of this passage? Give a list of the serious issues related to the topic.
5. Why does the author say that "But sharing this information is anything but simple." (para. 3)
6. Explain the statement "However, there's a danger in their self-interest." (para. 4)
Questions 7-10
What a triumph. Bank shares are rising, the FTSE 100 index is back where it was a week ago, and the queues have evaporated. Not many people are putting new deposits in Northern Rock, but a few are taking a punt on its shares. Order is restored. Actually, that 8% rise in Northern Rock's share price is very embarrassing for the authorities. It reflects the fact the bank is worth more because its deposits are guaranteed by the Treasury. That looks like a straightforward bail-out for Northern Rock's shareholders, exactly the outcome the Bank of England has warned would store up trouble for the future.
The Bank is right, of course. If all deposits at all banks were to be guaranteed—which seems to be the implication of the chancellor's statement—the state is potentially accepting an enormous liability. Worse, an odd incentive is created: managements who are insulated from a run on their bank might be inclined to take wilder risks with the cash. The chancellor and the Bank also know that, which is why
Monday's emergency sticking plaster will be replaced by something more permanent and more sensible once the storm passes.
The US model seems to be the one the Bank has in mind. Over there, 100% guarantees are given on sums up to $100,000 (￡50,000) and deposits are returned within days of a bank's failure. There is little need to fill in forms, which seemed to be another worry for those queueing at Northern Rock's branches. The US-style system seems infinitely fairer on customers, who can't reasonably be expected to assess the merits of various banks' business models before deciding where to place their savings. It should also prevent bank runs that last for days and provoke panic at more solid outfits.
But what about the incentive to managements to bet such guaranteed deposits in wacky ways? That is where reform becomes complicated. If deposits, up to a certain sum, are to be guaranteed by the state, then the state needs to be compensated for taking on that risk. How about a higher rate of tax on banks' profits, or some other form of annual charge based on a bank's capital ratios? Banking bosses and their investors would scream at the idea, but it's perfectly logical. In fact, as part of the deal, the state should probably also demand tighter regulation of banks' activities. That means rethinking the role of the Financial Services Authority, which has responsibility for banking supervision. Until now, the FSA's "light touch" approach has been applauded around the world, especially on Wall Street, where bankers look enviously at a British system based on the sensible application of principles rather than hard-and-fast rules.
But Northern Rock is not a terrific advert for the FSA's style of doing things. It is unfair to say the regulator was asleep—it has warned as much as anybody of the risks posed by the complexity of modern financial markets. But it is fair to say that banks and financial institutions are less inclined to listen to a watchdog that prefers to bark rather than bite. Overkill would be even worse, but the balance may have to be addressed.
Over in the US, they have a different way of dealing with the global credit crunch which caused so many problems for Northern Rock. They cut interest rates at the first sign of trouble. True to form, the US Federal Reserve cut rates by 0.5% last night. The stock market loved it. But snap reactions are often wrong. The Dow Jones Industrial Average soared at news of the cut. It was reminiscent of January 2001 when a cut of the same size—designed to ease the effects of the deflating dotcom bubble—provoked a one-day, 299-point rise in the Dow. Over the next eight weeks, however, the Dow fell by 1,600 points. Why? Simply the realization that the Fed's fears of a recession were well-founded.
Could we see a similar storyline this time? Quite possibly. The danger in a 0.5% cut is that Ben Bernanke, the Fed chairman, does serious damage to the value of the US dollar, which is already at an
2011中高级口译口试十大话题之中国经济·All things about GDP 据媒体报道，中国已经取代了日本成为了世界第二大经济体(surpass Japan to become the second largest economy in the world)。这个消息的确让人欢欣鼓舞，这是中国改革开放以来，发展的又一里程碑式的事件(another milestone since the opening and reform of China) 但是，仅仅是GDP并不能说明中国经济的全部(GDP alone does not give a full picture of the Chinese economy). 首先，中国的贫富差距在拉大(the widening wealth gap),中国的经济发展也很不平衡China’s economic development is imbalanced.这些都给社会的稳定造成了潜在威胁( pose potential threat to social stability) 如果按照人均GDP (GDP per capita)来算，中国排在世界124位ranked behind 100th position globally，远远落在很多发达国家之后lagged far behind . 此外，中国的发展也付出了惨重的代价China’s development comes at a price。我们居住的环境极具恶化。environmental degradation. 资源的枯竭energy exhaustion 以代工为主的劳动密集型产业(labor intensive, low-end manufacturing industry)也让我们的劳动者不看重负。 这些问题已经得到了国家领导人的高度重视top government agenda，在中国的第十二五规划中in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan，中国现在需要做的必须是改变经济发展模式change the mode of economic development. 这是一个艰巨而迫切的任务a pressing and difficult task.
中口考试流程
整体思路 一句话概括口译听力训练“听得懂、记得住、写得快” 听得懂 复习思路：听力有效词汇量，熟悉背景知识及常考套路，适应各类发音现象 练习内容：VOA，BBC标准语速及类似难度的听抄与跟读练习，昂立教师博客听抄练习，高级口译笔试听力Q6-10新闻题听抄练习 记得住 复习思路：个人笔记习惯训练，属于自己的笔记符号，以复述强化短期记忆 练习内容： *0709-030910套真题中的SpotDictation＋Sentence/PassageTranslation（中级包括statements，高级包括Note-TakingandGap-Filling） *听力教程（Statements＋非对话类的篇章＋Sentence/PassageTranslation）（中级包括statements） *昂立版预测试卷（8套） 写得快 复习思路：强化“在规定时间内写下想表达的大意”，熟练，果断 专项练习 SpotDictation 复习思路：记录单词快速、准确、精炼，熟悉自己的书写习惯，快速誊写
练习内容：真题（10），昂立版预测试卷（8），听力教程（12/16） 评分标准：20题，每题分，共计30分。只对名、动、形、副词直接扣分，其余错误作标记，统一酌情扣1-3分 17％oftheemployees分) 请对以下答案模拟打分： 卷面回答一：70%oftheemployees 卷面回答二：17%ofemployee 卷面回答三：17%oftheemployers 保底分数：70%，21分 潜力指数：★★★★ 重要性指数：★★★★ 对三类单词的不同处理 本身难度较大的词 syntheticfertilizers,lucrative,discernable,obsolete,dismantling不妨放弃 发音带来难度的词processedfood,frostresistant,safeforhumanconsumption 通读补全 常考的核心词 communication,unconsciously,cooperation,satisfaction,relationship熟练书写 对考试难度的正确理解：以0703中级真题的部分答案为例 atfault coverup
97年11月上海高级口译考试真题(B卷) 一、口语题 Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is...” “My registration number is...” 1、Topic: Many people like to travel a lot on holidays. People may travel by air, by sea, by train, by coach or on foot. What do you think is the ideal way of traveling? Explain your argument. 2、Question for Reference: 1. Describe one of your interesting traveling experiences. 2. Make a comparison between air travel and train travel. 3. What do you think is the reward of traveling? 二、口译题 1、Part A （英译中） Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage. Passage 1: The trouble with education in Britain lies with the teachers. I don’t think teachers get enough training in actually how to teach rather than the subject they are teaching. They are too serious, too academic and not imaginative enough.//
上海中高级口译考试全解析 上海外语口译资格证书考试已经进行了将近十年，目前报考的人数越来越多，依然有很多第一次接触到口译考试的朋友对此考试感到疑惑，这里出一个解答的汇总，希望能解决大家心中的疑问1、口译报考新手入门常见问题解答2、英语中高级口译考试考试对象、考试流程、证书用途口译报考新手入门常见问题解答 上海市外语口译证书考试还有很多别名。比如我们通常叫的上海口译考试、中高级口译证书考试……目前十分火热，且报考人数连年增长，这里针对新手报考口译考试通常会遇到的一些问题做了一系列整理，帮大家理清思路，搞清楚这到底是个怎样的口译考试 问：什么是上海市外语口译证书考试？ 答：上海市外语口译证书考试是上海紧缺人才培训工程重要项目之一，由上海市高校浦东继续教育中心（PCEC）负责组织实施。自1995年6月开考到现在，已有几十万人报考。考试通过者（含笔试和口试）获得由上海紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室颁发的《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》 问：上海市外语口译证书考试有哪些考试项目？
答：目前的考试项目有四个。它们是英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译、英语口译基础能力。 问：这四个项目的考试费用是怎样的？ 答：在上海地区，考试收费标准由上海市物价部门审核批准。英语高级口译笔试、口试各210元； 英语中级口译笔试、口试各180元；日语口译笔试、口试各200元； 英语基础能力笔试、口试共200元。 （以上费用为上海地区考务费、报名费，外省市考点的考生另增加代办费）。也就是说不同地区的报名费会略有高低不同，以当地报名点的报名费用为主。 问：通过考试，我可以拿到什么证书？ 答：英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》； 笔试合格者可办理《上海市外语口译笔试合格证书》；对英语口译基础能力笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市英语口译基础能力合格证书》。 问：要拿到《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》，我需要通过哪几项考试？ 答：上海市外语口译证书考试通常分为两部分，即笔试和口试。考生必须首先报考笔试，通过笔试部分考核的考生才能报考口
上海高级口译考试大纲 下文转: 上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试是1994年经上海市紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室审核、确认的紧缺人才岗位资格培训项目之一。 设置上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试目的是为国家机关、企事业、公司和涉外单位等考核和遴选一批能胜任各类涉外项目谈判、高层次会晤、新闻发布会、记者招待会以及国际研讨会的翻译人才。 凡获得上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书者均具有较高的英语综合应用能力，具备从事范围广泛的包括专业领域口译的基本知识与技能。 根据上述目标和要求，上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲规定了以下原则和考试内容。 一、考试目的 本考试的目的是根据大纲的要求，检查考生是否具备本大纲所规定的各项语言技能。凡通过上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试(含笔试与口试)的考生，可获得由上海市教育委员会、上海市成人教育委员会、上海市委组织部、上海市人事局统一印制的上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书。 二、考试性质与范围 本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性标准化考试。考试分为笔试与口试两个阶段。通过笔试的考生方有资格参加第二阶段的口试。笔试包括听力、阅读和翻译(笔译);口试包括口语和口译。 三、考试时间与命题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试每年举行两次，分别于3月和9月举行笔试，并择时举行口试，由上海市外语口译岗位资格证书考试委员会负责命题与实施。 四、考试形式 本考试根据口译特点，以测试口译水平为主要目标，从听、说、读、写、译(笔译、口译)等五个方面对考生的语言运用能力进行全面测试。测试力求科学、客观、可行。考试采 取客观试题与主观试题相结合、单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方式。在第一阶段的笔试中，客观试题约占试卷总分的25,，主观试题约占试卷总分的75,。 五、考试内容 本考试分为笔试与口试两个阶段:第一阶段的笔试共分六部分，它们依次是:第一部分:听力;第二部分:阅读;第三部分:翻译(英译汉);第四部分:听力;第五部分:阅读;第六部分:翻译(汉译英)。总考试时间为180分钟。第二阶段口试共分两部分:口语与口译，考试时问为25分钟左右。 1(听力 听力测试项目包括:听写、听力理解、笔记和听译。 1- A.听写 (1)测试要求 要求考生在全面理解所听内容的基础上，准确填写出试题中的空缺部分。 (2)测试题型 本部分为主观试题。听写文字内容长度为350词左右，听一遍。语速为每分钟l50个词左右，试题中有20处标号的空缺部分要求考生填写，填写部分的词语、 短语长度以6个词为限。听写内容播放后有3,5分钟时间供考生填写。
2011年3月高级口译翻译真题及答案（汉译英） 合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派。董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。董事长是合营企业法定代表人。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权其他董事代表合营企业。 An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors; the number of the directors thereof from each party and the composition of the board shall be stipulated in the contract and articles of association after consultation among the parties to the venture; such directors shall be appointed by the relevant parties. The highest authority of the joint venture shall be its board of directors, which shall decide all major issues concerning the joint venture. The chairman shall be determined through consultation by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. Should the chairman be unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture. 董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。董事会会议应当有2/3以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。董事会会议应用中文和英文作详细记录，并在会议结束后14日内送交每位董事，由出席董事会会议的各位董事签字确认。 The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. A board meeting requires a quorum of over two-thirds of the directors. Should a director be unable to attend, he may make a proxy authorizing someone else to represent him and vote in his stead. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting. 2011年3月高级口译翻译真题及答案（英译汉） When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community —and a nation —traumatized by Saturday’s shootings rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush’s speech to the nation af ter the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995. 本周三，奥巴马总统登台演讲，就上周六亚利桑那州图森市所发生的枪击惨案向饱受心灵创伤的公众及全国发表演讲，人们不禁联想到，布什总统在2001年911袭击之后的演讲、以及1995年克林顿总统为俄克拉荷马州联邦政府大楼爆炸中的168名遇害者举行的追悼会。 But Osama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his
[2018英语翻译资格高级口译指导名篇名译]2018上海高级 口译取消 译事三难:信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣!故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达上焉。...易曰：“修辞立诚。”子曰：“辞达而已!”又曰：“言而无文，行之不远。”三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模。故信、达而外，求其尔雅...——严复《天演论.译立言》 1. 原文：Thus the initiative to partition Poland pletely,to deny the Polish people any independent existence of their own whatsoever,came from the Russians.But the Germans did not need much urging to agree. 译文：由此可见，首先提出完全瓜分波澜，不许波兰人成为一个独立民族存在的，是俄国人。德国人当然求之不得。 赏析："Thus"译为“由此可见”，表现了译者在译词时的灵活性;"partition"在英文中本为中性词，译者根据句子内容的语义，译为“瓜分”，表达出了作者的倾向性;"did not need much urging to agree"字面意思是“不需要催促就同意了”，译者引申为“当然求之
不得”，符合作者写作时的感情倾向，即对强国欺辱弱小国家的愤怒。好的译文总是能译出原文背后的“情”。 2. 原文：Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets. 译文：阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么人了。 赏析：英文是形合的文字，英语句子讲究结构严谨;汉语重意合，遣词造句推崇形散而神不散。请看这里的英文句子，主、谓、宾一目了然，原因和结果清清楚楚，如果按这样的顺序、结构直译成汉语，势必凝滞不化。为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点，译者大胆地进行了结构调整，将原文一句切分成四个短语(小句)，充分利用句子内部语义上的联系，不用任何关联词，由风到雨，到街再到人，用白描的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。 本期练习:翻译下列句子
外事接待 第一篇 制药有限公司pharmaceutical Co. Ltd 副总经理deputy managing director 研究生graduate student 论文paper 研究成果research findings 实验助手lab assistant 市中心downtown area 假日酒店Holiday Inn 旅馆招待费hotel accommodation fee 招待所guesthouse 舒适如归make sb. comfortable 不尽如人意之处inconvenience in life and work 排忧解难help sb. out 第二篇 Stanford University 斯坦福大学 a land of wonder充满奇观的国家 head office 总部 magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 东方的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家学说 inexplicable 难以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 国际大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的 参观访问 第一篇 学位点degree program 国家级重点社科研究基地key social science research centers 博士后科学研究流动站post-doctoral research stations 国家级重点学科national key disciplines 两院院士academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 网络教育online education 科举制imperial examination 日月光华,旦复旦兮brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神humanistic spirit 披荆斩棘,筚路蓝缕negotiate various impediment 博学而笃志,切问而近思extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治学态度educational philosophy 取精用弘的学术思想the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 怀抱超旷的才隽学人graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育发展的重中之重priority among institutions of high learning 承前启后inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 精诚团结,共襄盛举strive together in good faith 文理工医科综合性大学 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影响力elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社会转型时期 a period of social transition 百年传承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem 第二篇 Vancouver 温哥华 Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的门户 The Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不冻港Manufactured goods 制成品 Lumber and paper milling 伐木、造纸 Oil refining 炼油 Metal fabricating 金属锻造 Printed matter 印刷 Real estate 房地产 Triple 增至3倍 Quadruple 增至4倍 Quintuple 增至5倍 High-rise office building 摩天办公楼Boutique 时装礼品店 Ethnic group 少数民族团体 Planetarium 天文馆 Aquarium 水族馆 Skating rink 溜冰场 Botanical garden 植物园 Conservatory of exotic plants 异国植物花房Maple tree 枫树 Sap 树液
上外口译培训网[https://www.doczj.com/doc/d015038541.html,] 2015年3月上海高级口译考试真题(阅读部分) 第六部分汉译英（下半场） 2015年春季上海英语高级口译考试考生须知： 2015年春季高级口译考试在3月15日上午8:00开考进场，考试分为上下两个半场，中间10:00—10:10休息。如欲中途退场，须在听力考试结束后方可交卷离场，但上下半场考试结束后前10分钟内，不得交卷离场。英译汉试题是高级口译考试上半场最后一道题，汉译英试题是下半场最后一道题。 Parenthood should be affordable in this country, but the cost of raising a child from birth to adulthood is now a quarter of a million dollars and projected to double by the time today's toddlers reach their teens. 首段无需过分投入，只需看到两个关键词 affordable 和 cost 便知文章的话题所在。 Will having kids soon be out of reach economically for many American families? A recent report from the Center for American Progress found that middle-class families are feeling an unprecedented economic squeeze - caught between stagnating wages and the exploding cost of basics like housing, health care and children's education. Most families, it seems, are getting by on less and living closer to the financial edge to help their kids grow up healthy and get ahead. 第二段开篇以设问形式点出文章主体：为什么迫于经济压力，很多美国家庭无法生儿育女?答案的关键词在于“caught between stagnating wages and the exploding cost of basics” The most striking growth in costs to families has been in child care, where expenses have climbed about $200 annually in each of the last dozen years, with nearly tenfold growth since the 1960s. Child care, on average, consumes $1 of every $5 in a family's budget and exceeds the typical rent in every state. 本段以细节形式点出抚养儿女的成本增加之快。 In terms of their kids' health, families increasingly have to choose between treating their children's medical needs and paying household bills. Despite gains in the percentage of children with health insurance, per capita medical spending
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9） 1: (30 ) A: : , a . . . . . . a (1) , . I (2) . (3). , (4). , (5) . a (6) , a , , , (7) . (8). . (9) ? I (10). , , , (11). , 30 , (12) ! (一三). , , . (14). , (一五) , (16) . (17) . (一八), , . a ‘’ ‘’ . a , (19) . , (20). B: : . , . , . . 1 5 . 1. (A) 85 . (B) , . (C) . (D) . 2. (A) . (B) a “ ” . (C) . (D) 100. 3. (A) , , , . (B) , , , . (C) , , , . (D) , , , . 4. (A) a . (B) . (C) a , . (D) , , . 5. (A) . (B) . (C) a . (D) . 6 10 . 6. (A) 3 20 . (B) a . (C) . (D) 2050. 7. (A) . (B) a ’s . (C) . (D) .
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9月中级口译真题+参考答案(1) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you’ll know where ___________ （1）goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ （2）and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ （3）. Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ （4）of a typical British family. If you are invited to an English home, _____________ （5）in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ （6）or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ （7）in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: ‘Go away, you _____________ （8）.’ On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o’clock smile: ‘Thank you very much. I _____________ （9）a cup of tea, especially in the morning.’ If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ （10）! Then you have ___________ （11）; then you have tea at 11 o’clock in the morning; _____________ （12）; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o’clock _____________ （13）. You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ （14）: if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ （15）; if you are nervous; if you are
模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！ 英语翻译高级口译笔试试题(一) 一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ） 第1题 Just as human history has been shaped by the rise and fall of successive empires, so the computer industry has, in the few decades of its existence, been dominated by one large company after another. Now, at the dawn of the new era of internet services, Google is widely seen as the heir to the kingdom. As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant, the suggestion that "Google is the new Microsoft" has become commonplace in computing circles. Yet there are some crucial ways in which Google differs from Microsoft. For a start, it is a far more innovative company, and its use of small, flexible teams has so far allowed it to remain innovative even as it has grown. Microsoft, in contrast, has stagnated as a result of its size and dominance. It is least innovative in the markets in which it faces the least competition —operating systems, office software and web browsers. More important, however, are the differences that suggest that Google will not be able to establish an IBM or Microsoft-style lock on the industry. In the PC eras hardware became a commodity and Microsoft established a lucrative monopoly centered on its proprietary operating system, Windows. But in the new era of internet services, open standards predominate, rivals are always just a click away, and there is far less scope for companies to establish a proprietary lick-in. 【正确答案】： 一个又一个帝国的起起落落谱写了人类的历史，电脑行业也是一样，在短短的几十年中，各大公司接连统治着这一领域。如今，互联网服务业时代刚刚到来，Google 被一致看好会成为这一王国的首领。随着这个新兴的公司成长成为一个强大的行业巨头，电脑界内越来越盛传这样的说法——“Google 是新一代的微软”。 然而，在一些关键问题上，Google 与微软是不同的。首先，Google 极具创新性。且它的团队精简，高度灵活，这使得它即使发展到了如今的规模还能保持创新。相比之下，微软却因为它的霸主地位与其庞大的规模而停滞不前。它的改革创新微乎其微，再者，它所处的市场中竞争对手也少之甚少——它的专项为操作系统、办公软件和网络浏览器。 这两个公司更重要的不同之处在于Google 无法在行业中，如IBM 或微软一般锁定自己的地位。在个人电脑时代，硬件是商品，微软则以它的专利操作系统
2011年上海口译考试高级口译笔试(全真试题+答案)完整版 SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passag e with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard o n the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can al low you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collecte d the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change t he same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ____ _______ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a _____ ______ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___ ________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ______ _____ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) ris e! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose _________ __ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is bot h a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) o f the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, a nd playing out ___________ (20). Part B: Listening Comprehension