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英语语法结构图46399

英语语法结构图46399
英语语法结构图46399

初中英语语法网络图

一.名词

I. 名词的种类:

专有名词普通名词

国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词

个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词

II. 名词的数:

1. 规则名词的复数形式:

名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

规则例词

1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾

的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,

wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs,

gulf-gulfs

4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加

-es

party-parties, family-families, story-stories,

city-cities

5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词

以y结尾的,加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,

Henry-Henrys

6以辅音字母加

-o结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes,

tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos,

solo-solos

两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

2. 不规则名词复数:

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词

1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff

5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也

可以作复数(成员)

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee,

government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废

词名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some

5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever

6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as

7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

II. 不定代词用法注意点:

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? N o, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no:

no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,

the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither 和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English. Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

四.形容词和副词

I. 形容词:

1. 形容词的位置:

1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:

1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复

合不定代词时

nobody absent, everything possible

2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰

的名词之后

the best book available, the only

solution possible

3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake

4和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long

5成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:

代词数词性状形容词

冠词前的形容词冠词

指示代词

不定代词

代词所有格

序数词基数词

性质

状态

大小

长短

形状

新旧

温度

颜色

国籍

产地

材料

质地

名词

all both such the

a

this

another

your

second

next

one

four

beautiful

good

poor

large

short

square

new

cool

black

yellow

Chinese

London

silk

stone

3) 复合形容词的构成:

1形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous 2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving 3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered 4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+ed three-egged 5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year II. 副词

副词的分类:

1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once,

recently

5频度副词

always, often, frequently, seldom,

never

2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards,

above

6疑问副词how, where, when, why

3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly,

excitedly, really

7连接副词

how, when, where, why, whether,

however, meanwhile

4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite,

rather

8关系副词when, where, why

III. 形容词和副词比较等级:

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a more worrying day.

5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

五.介词

I. 介词分类:

1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without

3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to

4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between

5分词转化成的介词considering(就而论), including

6形容词转化成的介

like, unlike, near, next, opposite

II. 常用介词区别:

1表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间,in表示一段的时间,on总是与日子有关

2表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,from指从时间的某一点开始

3表示时间的in, after in指在一段时间之后,after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中

4表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分

6表示“穿过”的through,

across

through表示从内部通过,与in有关,across表示在表面上通过,

与on有关

7表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到,on指专门论述

8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间

9besides与except的区别besides指“除了…还有再加上”,except指“除了,减去什么”,不放在句首

10表示“用”的in, with with表示具体的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,单位,语言,声音

11as与like的区别as意为“作为,以…地位或身份”,like为“象…一样”,指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置(静态),into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置

六.动词

I. 动词的时态:

1. 动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:

现在时过去时将来时过去将来时

一般ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask

进行am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked

完成进行have/has been

asking had been asking shall/will have been

asking

should/would have been

asking

2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之,利用过去,说明现在。如:

I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过,且了解这本书的内容)

2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词。简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在。如:

I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住)

I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)

3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:

两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have read that book.我读过那本书了。

I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。

4. 一般将来时的表达方式:

将来时用法例句

1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year.

2be going to+动词原

含有“打算,计划,即将”做某事,或表示

很有可能要发生某事

It’s going to clear up.

We’re going to have a party

tonight.

3be + doing 进行时

表示将来

go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可

用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作

He is moving to the south.

Are they leaving for Europe?

4be about to + 动词

原形

表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动

作,后面一般不跟时间状语

I was about to leave when the bell

rang.

The meeting is about to close.

5be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.

6一般现在时表示将

时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,

可用一般现在时表示将来

The meeting starts at five

o’clock.

The plane leaves at ten this

evening.

II. 动词的被动语态:

常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成

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介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语,虽然它们词性相同,但由于词序不同,它们所起到的作用也不同,当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是 2不是我的。 3.我的家乡hometown 峡谷valley里。 4那个贼 面behind。 1. 是 is 2钱不是我的。

(精心整理)英语语法结构图完整

初中英语语法网络图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: 专有名词普通名词 国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 II. 名词的数: 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: 规则例词 1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾 的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加 -es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词 以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6以辅音字母加 -o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2. 不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff 5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也 可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

高中英语语法总复习结构图

高中语法总复习结构图 一、名词 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成:

用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 二、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

三、代词: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。 ①One should learn to think of others. ②Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. ③I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。 ①Would you like some bananas? ②Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。 ①I have read this article in some magazine. ②Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。 ①There are some 3,000 students in this school. ②Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no: no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:

英语语法图解(超级详细版)

语法网络图(超级详细版)

一.名词 专有名词普通名词 国名地名人名,团体机构 名称 可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 规则例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾 的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结 尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

可数与不可数可以让学生理解字面意思数的清和数不清,brainstorm将可以想到的不可数名词讲出来 2. 不规则名词复数: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

英语语法 并列结构

并列结构的定义 两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做“并列结构” (Coordinate Construction), 或者“平行结构”(Parallel Construction)。 1.并列结构的各种形式 1)词与词的并列you and me buy and sell 2)词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student walking down the street or running through an alley 3)分句与分句的并列you can go or you can stay with us. The children can go with us or they can stay at home. Compound Sentence 并列句/复合句 2. 并列结构的连接手段 1)并列连词 2)标点符号 3)并列结构的插入语 在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语,使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。 4)并列结构的对称组合 成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。 并列结构 一、表示平行、递进关系的连词1.A and B:A和B And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首,使上下文联系更紧密。 The fabric is light and strong. I like reading and fishing in my spare time.This model of the computer is powerf ul,and the price is competitive. It was a severe winter.And we had not enough food for ourselves. 2.both A and B:A和B都这一结构是and的强化形式,连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers. Bothe she and I are interested in English literature. 3.not only…but(also)…不仅……而且……not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也 as well as和…and…as well和 *not only…but(also)…结构侧重在后者,而as well as侧重在前者。 Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us. It is said that he can fly a plane as well as drive a car. She can play pop music and classical music as well.

英语语法知识体系表

英语语法知识体系表 第一章名词 一、考纲解读 二、名词分类 三、名词数的变化 四、可数名词与不可数名词 (一)可数名词与不可数名词的辨别 (二)不可数名词的“五种计量方式” (三)不可数名词与可数名词的“五种转换” (四)常用名词复数形式的短语 五、名词所有格的“三种形式” 六、名词所有格与普通格做定语的“四点”区别 七、名词中的“六大易混点” 八、名词的常考方式 第二章冠词 一、考纲解读 二、不定冠词的用法 三、定冠词的用法 四、不用冠词的情况 五、冠词的“九大易错点” 第三章代词 一、考纲解读 二、代词的分类 三、代词的用法 (一)人称代词的“七点用法” (二)物主代词的“三点用法” (三)反身代词的“三种用法” (四)指示代词的“四点注意” (五)相互代词 (六)六组常见的不定代词的用法 四、代词中的“三大热点” 第四章it的用法 一、考纲解读 二、it的用法 (一)代词it的“六种用法” (二)引导词it的“四种用法” (三)it做无具体意义的主语时的常见结构 三、it用法中的“三大重点” (一)强调结构与定语从句、状语从句的区别 (二)It/This is/was/will be+the first/second/third

(三)It is(high/about)time+that从句 第五章数词 一、考纲解读 二、基数词与序数词的构成 三、基数词和序数词的“六大特点” 四、倍数词的“四类表达方式” (一)用half表示“一半”,可用作名词、形容词、副词 (二)用double表示“两倍”,可用作名词、形容词、副词、动词 (三)用times表示倍数的四种方法 (四)在中心词为名词的结构前,表示“量”的倍数的三种方法 五、分数与百分数的表达方式 六、日期的表达方式 七、约数的“六种表达方式” 八、数词中的“五大注意问题” 第六章形容词副词 一、考纲解读 二、形容词 (一)形容词的句法功能 (二)形容词在句中的位置 (三)与形容词有关的“四种句型” 1.主语+be+形容词+不定式 2.主语+be+形容词+介词短语 3.主语+be+形容词+that从旬 4.主语+be+形容词+wh—从句 (四)“22组常见同根或同义的形容词”的词义辨析 三、副词 (一)副词的分类 (二)“三种同根副词”的词义辨析 1.不加—ly表示具体概念,加—ly表示抽象概念 2.两种形式词义接近 3.两种形式词义迥然不同 (三)副词的“五种句法功能” (四)“十组常见副词”的用法 四、形容词、副词的比较等级 (一)比较等级中的“三种常见句型” 1.表示二者在性质和程度上相同时,用“as+aaj./adv.原级+as”结构2.表示二者在性质和程度上不同时的四种结构 3.表示三者或三者以上比较时,用“the+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句” (二)比较等级中的“十种常见特殊用法” (三)比较等级中的“八项注意”

英语语法图解(超级详细版)

语法网络图(超级详细版)一.名词 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 可数与不可数可以让学生理解字面意思数的清和数不清,brainstorm将可以想到的不可数名词讲出来 2. 不规则名词复数: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成:

用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 简单说所有格就是:Of用于无生命,长定语,其余情况用s 对于名词的教授:不能只是简单地罗列这些知识点,可以加入英汉两种语言的不同来解释,让学生不那么反感记这些知识点: 总体上讲,英语讲究形式,汉语讲究语义。英语是百炼钢,汉语是绕指柔。好比西餐与中餐,西餐需要各种工具,量杯都有十几种,各种刀具,烹饪时也基本依据菜谱,菜谱上对各种材料有严格的标准,盐5克,鸡蛋45克,一只打出来超过45克剩下的宁愿扔掉。全世界的麦当劳都可以是一个味。而中餐呢?我们的菜谱常常是盐少许,醋适量,每个厨师做出来的回锅肉都不同,只要味道正了,管他盐是5克还是50克呢。 词法讲究形式体现在每一类词都有很明显的特征。如形容词ful、al等结尾、副词ly结尾,tion多半是名词。词的不同类别有不同形式。而汉语也有某一类词有相同特征,但这种相同的特征是指的意义。意义相近才可能有相近的形。如跟草相关的有草字头。这就引申出汉语语义的重要。 句法讲究形式体现在动词的变位、代词的人称变化、形容词副词的级、名词有数有格等。形式上要求的,要严格遵守。汉语大多的变化体现在语义上。你去,我也去(将来时)你去过了(过去式)。单音节词可以随意转化为双音节词,加上缩略的高使用频率,让汉语的柔性突显。我们要学习语法就必须理解英语里形式规则的重要。汉语是意思到位了,形式可以忽略不计,而英语非也,形式十分考究,分的很细致。不能理解此点的在学英语时很容易受汉语思维的负迁移。Negative language transfer 这其中的缘由大概要追溯到中西文化上,西方文化源于希腊文明,这是一种期待将世界用一种最直观、能用数学表达的最注重个体的文明。所以他们发明了几何学,并认为可以用几何来解释一切。几何是研究空间结构的学问,所以基于这种文化的语言都非常讲究结构、形式。三角形和圆形坚决不可以混淆,所以学习英语的朋友一定要重点掌握结构和形式。而中国传统文化是注重实用的,关注现实生活,不做纯抽象的思辨。我们不讨论先有鸡还是先有蛋,我们只关注鸡蛋有营养,鸡肉很美味。我们最早的理论——阴阳学说也是基于对世界的观察得出的结论。所以汉字是有意义的文字,每个字的创造都基于现实生活。日月就是天上太阳月亮的形状,看就是手放在额头的姿势。所以汉语没有特别的结构,语言嘛本是用来交流的,大家能听懂就行了。汉语的语法基本是用意思来表达的。所以按照我们的思维会说出这样的句子he love dog大家都明白意义但是这是一个犯了很多语法错误的句子。 二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

大学英语语法结构分析

大学英语第三册语法结构分析 (译部分) 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the president would not 主谓语 Cancel (the trip) under any circumstances. 介状 2. 我们相信他所说的,因为他受过良好的教育,出身于受人尊敬的家庭,更重 要的是他为人可靠。 We believ e what he has said , because he is well-educated , comes 主谓主 from a respectable familly and what’s more , he is reliable. 3. 随后后发生的那些事件证明了我的猜疑是对的。 The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 谓 4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上,这位足教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致歉。 At the press conference held after the game , the football coach apologized to the fans for his team’s poor performance. 5. 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是一个贪官。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty tur ned out to be a corrupt official. 谓语 6. 有少数人得到了提升,在这同时却有数万个人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted , but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7. 如果有机会,约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家。 Given the chance , John might have become an outstanding painter.

英语语法网络图

语法网络图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: II. 名词的数: 1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下: III. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成:

2. ’s所有格的用法: 3. of所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed

二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法: II. 定冠词的用法:

III. 零冠词的用法: 三.代词: I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

II. 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no: no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: 1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如: He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

高中语法结构图(高中语法最精简思路)

由简至繁 简单句并列句复合句定从化简五大单句:并列连接词:关系词:(定语从句) 主谓and , Both...and... who Something happened. But , not...but... whom or, either...or...,neither...nor.... which 主谓宾as well as , no less than , together with , along with I love English rather than, instead of, not that whose 主系表where, when, why, How Seeing is believing. whoever, whichever, whatever 副词连接词:(状语从句) 主谓宾宾补when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , not...until, until/till 非谓语动词:化繁为简she makes me happy the minute, the moment, the second,the instant, 动名词 no sooner...than, 不定式 because, since, as, 分词 主谓间接宾语直接宾语so that, in order that she gave me a book so …that, such …that, if though, although, even if, even though 动词的分类 状从化简 什么词类可以作主语?

英语语法结构图(共16页)

语法结构图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: II. 名词的数: 1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: 2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

III. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成:

2. ’s所有格的用法: 3. of所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法: II. 定冠词的用法:

III. 零冠词的用法: 三.代词: I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

II. 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no:

初中英语语法体系

初中英语语法体系 Prepared on 24 November 2020

初中英语语法体系 1.词法 (1)名词:名词的种类;名词的数;名词的计量;名词所有格;名词在句子中的作用 (2)代词: 人称代词;物主代词;反身代词;指示代词;不定代词;疑问代词;相互代词;连接代词;关系代词 (3)数词:数词的分类;数词的句法功能;数词的构成和用法;常见表达法(4)介词和介词短语:介词的定义;介词的分类;介词的位置;介词短语;介词的固定搭配;常见介词的用法 (5)连词:连词的分类;并列连词的用法;从属连词的用法 (6)形容词:形容词概述;形容词的句法功能;形容词的位置;形容词的比较级最高级;含有形容词的固定短语和常用句型;常见易混形容词辨析 (7)副词:副词概述;副词的句法功能;副词在句中的位置;副词的比较级最高级;副词与形容词的用法比较;常见易混副词辨析 (8)冠词:冠词概述;冠词的用法;冠词的位置;有无定冠词的区别 (9)动词:动词的基本形式;动词的种类;终止性动词与延续性动词;短语动词;常见易混动词的用法 (10)动词时态:一般现在时;一般过去时;一般将来时;现在进行时;过去进行时;现在完成时;过去完成时;过去将来时 (11)被动语态:被动语态的概念与结构;被动语态的用法;主动语态与被动语态的转换;被动语态的注意事项

(12)非谓语动词:动词不定式;动词-ing形式;动词-ed形式;非谓语动词的用法区别 (13)构词法:前缀后缀;转化法;合成法;缩写与简写 2.句法 (1)句子种类:陈述句;疑问句;祈使句;感叹句 (2)句子成分:主语;谓语;主谓一致;表语;宾语;宾语补足语;定语;状语;同位语;独立成分 (3)简单句的基本句型:主语+连系动词+表语;主语+不及物动词;主语+及物动词+宾语;主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语;主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语;there be句型 (4)并列复合句:并列句;复合句;并列复合句 (5)主从复合句:宾语从句;状语从句;定语从句 (6)直接引语与间接引语:概述;直接引语与间接引语的转换

初中英语语法大全精华版

初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一.名词I. II. 名词的数:1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。1. ’s所有格的构成:

3. of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

II. 不定代词用法注意点:1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any 表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak

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