情态动词和虚拟语气
A
(2018·高考考前适应性考试)No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs. Yet__1__ (publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining__2__ (they)．Most of the clubs work the same way. Members read the same book at the same time. Then they meet to talk about the book. Members may be friends or people__3__ live near each other. Some Americans belong to reading groups on__4__Internet. These groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read. They send electronic mails instead of gathering__5__ (discuss) books.
Most reading groups study books by__6__ (variety) writers. However, some groups read the work of a single writer, __7__ (usual) one that has been famous for a while. Other groups may__8__ (name) for an important person in the work of the writer, __9__ a Sherlock Holmes Club. Members of these book clubs often are experts about their__10__ (choose) reading materials. One member of a Holmes reading group, for example, can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.
答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在美国各种各样的图书俱乐部。
1．publishers 解析：考查名词。句意：然而，据出版商和书店报道，整个美国越来越多的人加入他们。因为名词publisher是可数名词，且bookstores用复数形式，故此处也用复数形式。故填publishers。
2．them 解析：考查代词。句意：然而，据出版商和书店报道，整个美国越来越多的人加入他们。这里代词作宾语，故用宾格形式。故填them。
3．who/that 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：成员可能是朋友或住在附近的人。定语从句中先行词为friends or people，在从句中作主语，故用关系词who/that。故填who/that。
4．the 解析：考查冠词。句意：一些美国人属于网上阅读团体。on the Internet在网上，固定搭配，需加the。故填the。
5．to discuss 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们使用电子邮件而不是集会来讨论书籍。这里的不定式to表示目的性。故填to discuss。
6．various 解析：考查形容词。句意：大多数阅读小组学习各种作家写的书。名词writers前用形容词修饰。故填various。
7．usually 解析：考查副词。句意：然而，一些小组仅仅研究一个作家的作品，通常
那个作家是一个已红极一时的人。这里修饰动词read，故用副词形式。故填usually。
8．be named 解析：考查语态。句意：其它的团体可能是以一位重要作者的作品而命名。主语Other groups与name之间为被动关系，故用被动形式。故填be named。
9．like 解析：考查介词。句意：其它的团体可能是以一位重要作者的作品而命名，比如，夏洛克·福尔摩斯俱乐部。这里是举例，故用like，表示“像，比如”之意。
10．chosen 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这些读书俱乐部的成员通常是他们所挑选的阅读材料的专家。所填词与修饰的名词reading materials是被动关系，故用过去分词修饰。故填chosen。
B
(2018·郑州高三质量预测)I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai. But instead of focusing on my __1__(fail), I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years __2__ a debater.
In general, preparing for new debate topics usually __3__(include) brainstorming arguments, researching a solution, and doing debate practice. So if you spot a debating group, you might see us sitting together after school, or even all day at weekends, discussing arguments and researching evidence. You might also notice us arguing __4__ (fierce) anywhere we can.
Not only are they supportive, but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine. As we discuss debate topics, my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything, from __5__ best way of reforming(使改过自新) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies. However, our discussions are more than just a way __6__(practice) our debating skills. In my mind, they're helping us to become calm and consider __7__(win) and solving real problems as well.
To me, the debating community is a great place __8__ people help each other not only because they're interested in a higher cause, but because they care about how people from different __9__ (background) can lead better lives. I'm grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together. Indeed, my high school life would be incomplete without them. So even though I __10__(defeat) in my last debate, I'm still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.
答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加了高中辩论赛，却在最后一场辩论中失败了。回顾在过去的几年中自己作为辩手的经历，作者很感激能成为辩论社的一员。它不仅提高了作者的辩论技能，而且还教会了作者遇事要冷静。
1．failure 解析：考查词性转换。句意：但是我并没有过多地关注失败，而是开始反
思在过去的几年中我作为辩手的经历。设空处位于形容词性物主代词之后，作focusing on 的宾语，应用名词。故填failure。
2．as 解析：考查介词。句意见上题解析。根据句意可知，设空处表示“作为”，故填介词as。
3．includes 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：一般来说，准备新的辩论主题包括对论点进行头脑风暴、研究解决方法和进行辩论练习。根据时间状语In general和副词usually可知，设空处应用一般现在时。主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填includes。
4．fiercely 解析：考查词性转换。句意：你可能也会注意到我们在任何地方都进行激烈的争论。设空处修饰动词arguing，应用副词。故填fiercely。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。句意：当我们讨论辩论主题的时候，我的辩友们和我可以讨论任何主题，从使罪犯改过自新的最好的方法到自由移民政策的弊端。设空处后有形容词最高级best，故应填the。
6．to practice 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是一个练习辩论技巧的方法。a way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的一种途径”，故填to practice。
7．winning 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，它们帮助我们变得冷静，并且思考如何赢得比赛和解决真正的问题。设空处作consider的宾语，应用动名词形式，且设空处和solving real problems之间为并列关系。故填winning。
8．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：对我来说辩论社是个很好的地方，在那儿，人们相互帮助，不仅是因为他们都对更高的目标感兴趣，而且因为他们都关心怎么让来自不同背景的人们都过上更好的生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a great place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9．backgrounds 解析：考查名词单复数。句意见上题解析。from为介词，后接名词；background意为“个人背景”时为可数名词，根据设空处前的different可知，应用名词复数，故填backgrounds。
10．was defeated 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：所以，尽管在最后一场辩论中我失败了，我仍然很感激能成为优秀的辩论大家庭的一员。根据in my last debate可知，设空处应用一般过去时，且主语I和defeat之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was defeated。
C
A young man in Wuhan, Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral(广为传播的) on social media __1__(recent)．
In the video, the man can be seen __2__(hold) his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro, with a message in large font on the screen which reads, “Please wake me if you need my seat.”
The video __3__(capture) by a fellow passenger who posted it on Weibo. The video, __4__ was just 7 seconds long, has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days. Chinese netizens were greatly touched by the young man's act and applauded him for his __5__(kind). A Web user even commented, “I only needed 7 seconds to fall __6__ love with this young man.”
The humble man __7__(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for __8__(they) love and praise. He said he would always fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the train but worried others may need the seat, so he got __9__ idea of making a message on his phone screen.
He added that he hopes the positive energy can spread __10__(far)．
答案：【语篇解读】'本文是一篇记叙文。湖北省武汉市的一名年轻男子在网上迅速走红，因为他在地铁上睡着后，他手里拿着手机，屏幕上用大字体显示着：“如果你需要我的座位，请叫醒我。”他的这种暖心的行为深深地打动了广大网民，大家纷纷称赞他的善良。
1．recently 解析：句意：近日，一段关于湖北省武汉市一名年轻男子在地铁上的暖心行为的视频在社交媒体上走红后，这名男子在网络上引起了轰动。设空处修饰句子，应用副词，故填recently。
2．holding 解析：句意：在视频中，人们可以看到，这个人在地铁上睡着后，手里拿着手机，屏幕上有一条大字体的信息，上面写着：“如果你需要我的座位，请叫醒我。”s ee sb.doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“看到某人正在做某事”，此句用到了其被动结构，故填holding。
3．was captured 解析：句意：这段视频是同车的一名乘客拍摄的，他把视频传到了微博上。设空处描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，且设空处和主语The video为被动关系，故填was captured。
4．which 解析：句意：这段时长仅7秒的视频在短短两天内就被观看了1 900多万次。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为video，指物，在从句中作主语，且空前有逗号隔开，故填which。
5．kindness 解析：句意：中国网民被这个年轻人的行为深深地感动了，纷纷称赞他的善良。根据设空处前的介词for和形容词性物主代词his可知，设空处应为名词，故填kindness。
6．in 解析：句意：一位网友甚至评论：“我只需7秒钟就爱上了这个年轻人。” fall
in love with为固定搭配，意为“爱上”，故填in。
7．refused 解析：句意：这位谦虚的人在网上走红后拒绝了采访邀请，并说他只是做了他觉得应该做的事。and连接并列成分，根据其后的said可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填refused。
8．their 解析：句意：在微博上，他感谢了网友对他的爱和赞扬。设空处指代netizens，且修饰名词love and praise，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
9．the/this 解析：句意：他说，当他在地铁上无事可做时，他总是会睡着，又担心其他人可能需要座位，所以想到了这个在手机屏幕上留言的主意。设空处特指在手机屏幕上留言的主意，故填定冠词the，或填this，表示“这个”。
10．further 解析：句意：他补充说，希望这种正能量可以传播得更远。根据句意可知，设空处暗含比较意义，且指抽象意义上的“远”，故填further。
D
(2018·南昌二中月考)The term “extreme sports”， which you have probably seen in magazines and on websites, __1__(be) becoming more and more common as the concept of extreme sports gains __2__ (popular). So, what exactly are extreme sports?
During the 1970s and 1980s, the term “extreme sports” was used for sports that had high risks __3__ (involve) and often resulted in death.Today, however, extreme sports also include activities that give a feeling of adventure without __4__ (necessary) putting the participant's life in danger. For every extreme sport there is professional equipment that has been developed __5__(protect) your body, improve your performance and give you __6__ advantage in the competition.
Extreme sports cover a wide range of activities. Some kinds of extreme sports __7__(develop) from familiar activities, such as mountain biking, climbing and drag racing. Some extreme sports may not be as well known. Bouldering, for instance, is a type of rock climbing __8__ no rope is used. __9__ usually takes place in an area with large rocks or in climbing centers.
People have never stopped developing new types of extreme activities.These sports are gaining a large audience and growing in popularity and participation, especially __10__ young people.
答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的相关内容。
1．is 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：你可能在杂志和网站上看到过“极限运动”一词，随着极限运动的概念日益流行，该词变得越来越常见。该句中extreme sports 为同位语，不是主语；which you have probably seen in magazines and on websites为定语从句。该句真正的主语为The term，是单数名词，且此处阐述的是一般事实，应用一
般现在时，故填is。
2．popularity 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上题解析。该句中gains后缺少宾语，因此，设空处应用名词。故填popularity。
3．involved 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在二十世纪七八十年代，“极限运动”一词指涉及高风险并往往会导致死亡的运动。该句中that所引导的定语从句有谓语动词had，have sth.done表示“某物被……”，因此，设空处应用involve的过去分词形式。故填involved。
4．necessarily 解析：考查词性转换。句意：然而现在，极限运动也包括一些可以给参与者冒险感，而不一定将参与者的生命置于危险之中的活动。设空处修饰动词putting，故用副词形式。故填necessarily。
5．to protect 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：每一项极限运动都有专业的设备来保护你的身体，改进你的表现，并让你在比赛中获得优势。该句中that引导的定语从句有谓语has been developed，因此设空处应用非谓语动词，且此处表目的，故填to protect。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。句意见上题解析。advantage意为“优势；有利条件”时，可以作可数名词，此处泛指“给你一个优势”，其前应用不定冠词修饰，且该词以元音音素开头，故填an。
7．have developed 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：有一些种类的极限运动是从我们所熟悉的活动中发展而来的，如山地自行车、攀岩和直线加速赛等极限运动。此处表示“目前来看已经……”，表示发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，且有可能继续持续下去。因此，应用现在完成时，主语中心词sports为复数名词，故填have developed。
8．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：例如，抱石运动是一种不使用绳索的攀岩方式。设空处引导的句子修饰rock climbing，为定语从句，先行词为rock climbing，在从句中作地点状语，因此，应用where引导该从句。
9．It 解析：考查代词。句意：它通常在有大块岩石的地区或者攀岩中心进行。设空处作主语，指代前文的bouldering，故填it，与设空处后面的动词takes保持数的一致。
10．among 解析：考查介词。句意：这些运动正在赢得大量观众，并且越来越受欢迎，有越来越多的人，特别是年轻人参与其中。根据young people可知，此处指在三个或三个以上的人中，应用介词among。
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
虚拟语气练习题 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? 二．辨认并改正错误： 1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then. 2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old. 3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East. 4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination. 5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time. 6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil. 7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
高中英语语法填空练习（24篇） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 （1） In the United States, there were 222 people 1.__________（report）to be billionaires（亿万富翁）in 2003. The 2.__________of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3.__________starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4.__________he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5. __________the time he was 6.__________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7.__________（young）ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8.__________of these child actors made over a million dollars9.__________（act）in movies before they were 14. But10.__________ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited （继承）a billion dollars when he turned 18! （2） Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car 1.__________（steal）. They filed a report 2.__________the police station and a detective drove them 3.__________to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4.__________（amaze）, the car had been returned 5.__________there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your ca r. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the 6.__________. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7.__________tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended8.__________concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found. 9.__________their house had been ransacked （洗劫）. On the bathroom mirror was 10.__________note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” （3） People 1.__________（live）in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2.__________in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary,
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 虚拟语气练习题 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. Part A. 8.t be so many accidents. What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn'9.2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 3.The boat wouldn't have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 't know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 13.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 7.Today's industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 8.14.9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. I hate driving. I'd much rather you _____(drive). 15.10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 11. 17.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 12.18.down yesterday. A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 20.Isn'14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? If only we _____(have) a phone! I'm tired of queuing outside the public phone box.
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
情态动词、虚拟语气60题 1. ——Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —— No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t 2. ——I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look? —— Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should 3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done. A. shall B. will C. can D. would 4. ——May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon? ——No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn't D. won’t 5. —— Shall I tell John about it? —— No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car. A. must B. have to C. can D. mustn’t 8. —— What happened to the young trees we planted? —— The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. needn’t have grown C. would grow D. would have grown 9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often. A. should be praised B. shouldn’t have praised C. shouldn’t have be en praised D. shouldn’t be praised 11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
一 第二节语法填空(共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分) Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road? ”said the d o i l d d n m o a t n t r,y b t u o t r h e e m o v e the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “Thenight 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone. ”Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 第二节语法填空 31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under 二 第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题 1.5分，满分15分） The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive developments __35__ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. __36___ concern relates to a lack of control over__37__ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can __39__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40____ their children to see. 第二节语法填空（共10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分） 31. an 32. latest 33.other/different 34. while 35.associated 36. One 37. what 38. restrictions 39. be broadcast(ed) 40.for 三 第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分) Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn ’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China ’Ssichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride ’nesighbors would look down upon 37 as a