高考题型组合练14阅读理解＋阅读理解
＋阅读七选五
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2017·南阳高三模拟)(导学号58210055)
Suppose you have three things：a piece of wood，a nail and a hammer.Pretend the wood is a person，and the nail is a mean rumor(谣言) about that person.If you hammer the nail in，you're obviously hurting him or her.If you then pull out the nail，there's still a hole in the wood，and the damage has been done.
There are many reasons why that nail of a rumor can be so harmful.Rumors are，quite simply，a form of bullying(欺侮)．When a person or a group makes up a rumor about someone or decides to spread gossip，it's usually to hurt someone，break up a friendship，or make someone less popular.It's the same thing as teasing，only it's done behind someone's back instead of to his or her face.
When you spread a rumor about someone，you're sending a signal that the person is outside the group，and somehow less worthy of friendship than others.You're making fun of that person or pointing out negative things about him or her.This can let others think that it's OK to make the person feel bad，and make him or her an outsider.
We need to be able to trust our friends，but gossip and rumors can break this trust.If you tell a personal secret to a friend，and he turns around and tells it to someone else，you might feel like you will get burned if you ever get close to him again.
Letting a rumor influence your behavior is like letting someone else make a big decision for you.Let's say you hear that a teacher plans to call a Snowy Day tomorrow because a blizzard(暴风雪) is coming.Expecting a day off，you don't do your homework as usual.The next morning，the blizzard turns out to be nothing more than a drizzle(毛毛雨)，and school isn't off after all.You get zeroes on your work.
【语篇解读】本文用木头、钉子和锤子三者的比喻解释了谣言为什么会带来伤害。
1．If a rumor is spread about someone，others may________．A．keep away from him or her
B．point out his or her advantages
C．not feel he or she is an outsider
D．be hurt if getting close to him or her again
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When you spread a rumor about someone，you're sending a signal that the person is outside the group，and somehow less worthy of friendship than others.”可知，当你散播谣言的时候，会把那个人排斥在集体之外，让其他人觉得那个人不值得交往而疏远他，故A项正确。
答案：A
2．To tell the rumor and the teasing apart，you depend on________．
A．whether it is painful or not
B．whether it is done behind someone
C．whether it is a kind of bullying
D．whether it is spread fast
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's the same thing as teasing，only it's done behind someone's back instead of to his or her face.”可知，区别谣言和戏弄是看它是否在某人的背后进行的，故B 项正确。
答案：B
3．From the last paragraph，we can infer that________．
A．it is hard to keep rumors a secret
B．rumors can destroy your interest in learning
C．rumors can control your whole life
D．believing rumors can lead to bad choices
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Letting a rumor influence your behavior is like letting someone else make a big decision for you.”可知，相信谣言会让人做出不好的选择，故D项正确。
答案：D
4．The purpose of this passage is to________．
A．advise on how to deal with rumors
B．teach us how to judge a rumor
C．explain why rumors hurt
D．find out why rumors spread fast
解析：写作意图题。通读全文，特别是由前两段内容可知，本文主要解释了谣言为什么会带来伤害，故C项正确。
答案：C
B
(2017·济宁二模)
A new international study shows that some people's biological clock plays a powerful role for their life expectancy，regardless of lifestyle choices.
Published in the latest issue of Aging on Wednesday，the study has found the most definitive evidence to explain why some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others.
Geneticist Steve Horvath from the University of California，Los Angeles (UCLA)，led a team of 65 scientists around the world to record age-related changes to human DNA，analyse blood samples collected from 13，000 people and estimate their lifespan.
A higher biological age，regardless of actual age，consistently predicts an earlier death，the study says.“You get people who are vegan，sleep 10 hours a day，have a low-stress job，and still end up dying young，”Horvath said in a statement.“We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate.”
The findings discovered that 5 percent of the population ages at a faster biological rate，which translated to a roughly 50 percent higher than average risk of death at any age.
“The great hope is that we find anti-aging interventions that would slow your innate aging rate，”Horvath said，adding that “this is an important milestone to realizing this dream.”
【语篇解读】有些人保持着良好的生活习惯却还是会英年早逝，这是为什么呢？看看科学家有怎样的发现吧。
5．Some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others
because________．
A．their biological clock is not powerful enough
B．the most definitive evidence has been found
C．they have a higher actual age than others
D．they age at a relatively faster biological rate
解析：细节细节题。根据第四段最后一句“We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate”可知，生活习惯良好的人却早逝是因为他们先天的老化更快，D项意为“他们的老化速度相对更快”，符合题意．故正确答案为D。
答案：D
6．How was the study conducted?
A．By collecting and analyzing data.
B．By interviewing lots of people.
C．By researching previous studies.
D．By studying different lifestyles.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...record age-related changes to human DNA，analyse blood samples collected from 13，000 people and estimate their lifespan”可知，研究通过记录与年龄相关的DNA 的变化，和分析血液样本来预估实验者的寿命。A项意为“通过收集和分析数据”，符合题意。故正确答案为A。
答案：A
7．According to the study，it can be inferred that________．
A．people who keep healthy lifestyle tend to live longer
B．people's lifespan can be predicted by their age
C．5 percent of people are believed to have a faster innate aging rate