Unit 7 Living with disease 一．Topic
1. Talking about medicine and health
2. Talking about deadly diseases and attitudes towards them. 二．Useful Colloquial Expressions in this unit
1. Supporting and challenging an opinion
I think that…, because…
First, …
One reason is that…
For example, …
If we / they were to…, we / they could…
Perhaps, but what if / about …?
Have you thought about…?
What makes you think that …?
Could you please explain …?
If I were you, I would …
2. Describing imaginary situations
If I were you, I would…
I wish…
If we were to…, we / they could…
三．Grammar ——Subjunctive Mood（1）
If I were not so busy now, I would go with you.
I wished I could remember more about my mum.
If we didn’t know how HIV spreads, we would easily get AIDS. 四．Key words & phrases in this unit
1. via prep. 凭借通过经过
He flew to Washington via New York.
他搭机经由纽约飞往华盛顿。
I sent a message to Mary via her sister.
我通过玛丽的姐姐给她带去一个口信。
2. persuade vt. 劝服
句型persuade sb. to do sth. / persuade sb into doing.
He persuaded her to go with him.
他说服了她同他一起去。
若表示“劝而不服或劝说不定成功”，应用try to persuade
We tried to persuade him to have a rest, but he just wouldn’t listen.
我们劝他休息一会，可他就是不听。
3. lack vt. / vi 缺乏；短少；没有
lack money / courage / ability / experience 缺钱（勇气，能力，经验）We still lack the necessary information.
我们仍缺乏必要的信息。
n. 缺乏，没有的东西，常与介词of连用
That shows a lack of common sense.
那表示缺乏常识。
The plants died for [through] lack of water. 这些植物因为缺水而死了。
4. discourage vt. 使泄气
The failure discouraged him.
这次失败使他气馁了。
They got discouraged and decided to give up. 他们都泄气了，决定放弃。discouraging令人泄气的
The examination result is discouraging.
考试结果令人沮丧。
5. cheer vt.感到振奋
The news cheered the family.
那消息使那家人振奋不已。
cheer up使感到振奋
Your presence will cheer him up.
你的到场将使他振作起来。
They all cheered up at the news.
听到那个消息，他们欢欣鼓舞。
6. contrary adj.相反的相对的
His opinion is contrary to mine.
他的看法与我的相反。
They walked in contrary directions.
他们各往相反的方向走去。
on the contrary 正相反；反之
——You’ll get tired of it.
你会厌倦它的。
——On the contrary, I’ll enjoy it very much.
正相反，我会很喜欢它的。
7. be free from 无……的；免于……
a day free from wind
无风的日子
The child is free from care.
这孩子无忧无虑
The old lady is never free of / from pain.
那位老妇人一直在受痛苦。
Keep the surface free from dirt by putting a cover over it. 把表面盖好，免落尘土。
◇Warming up
【点拨】
1.infect 传染/感染/传播病菌于
infect … with
become infected with感染上……
1）A computer virus may infect a computer’s data files.
电脑病毒会感染电脑的数据文件。
2）They are trying their best to prevent infecting the wound with germs.
他们在尽量避免使伤口被病菌感染。
3）We are often infected with flu in spring.
春天我们经常染上流感。
4）It’s dangerous to become infected with bird flu.
传染上禽流感是危险的。
2.by + 动名词：通过做某事，为介词短语作方式状语。
1）She taught herself to play the violin by practicing in her spare time.
她靠业余时间练习，自学拉小提琴。
2）Fishermen make a living by fishing.
渔民靠捕鱼为生。
3）Only by working hard will you be able to achieve success.
只有努力，你才能获得成功。
【点拨】
1.get tested 接受检查。tested为过去分词作表语，和本句主语成被
动关系。get 后加形容词或过去分词表示变化或表被动意义。【识记】
（1）get married结婚
（2）get excited变得兴奋
（3）get injured / get hurt 受伤
（4）get caught in the rain被雨淋
（5）get drunk喝醉酒
（6）get lost迷路
（7）get broken断了
（8）get wounded受伤（刀，枪，战斗中受伤）
（9）get engaged to（sb.）和某人订婚
（10）get destroyed被毁坏
（11）get burnt烧伤
（12）get started开始
（13）get paid计酬
（14）get used to习惯于
（15）get sick生病
（16）get old变老
（17）get angry发怒
（18）get warm变暖
2. need用法小结：
（1）need用于肯定句时，属于行为动词，后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
1）He certainly needs your help.
他肯定需要你的帮助。（跟名词）
2）Help should be given to those who need it.
应该帮助需要帮助的人。（跟代词）
3）I don’t think you need to help him.
我认为你不必帮助他。（跟不定式）
4）Our farm needs helping（＝to be helped）in autumn.
秋天我们农场需要有人帮忙。（跟-ing形式，等于to be done）【注意】
动词need / want / require作“需要”讲时，后接动名词表示被动意义（即宾语动作和主语被动关系），可以换成不定式的被动式来表示。Our vegetable garden needs / wants / requires watering（＝to be watered）. 我们的菜园需要浇水了。
（2）need可作情态动词，后跟动词原形，作“需要”“有必要”“必须”解，通常用于否定句或疑问句中。（注意：第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词need不加“s”，过去时多用didn’t need to do sth.）
1）She needn’t do it at once, need she?
她不需要马上就做，是吗？
2）Although we are different, we need never be separated.
虽然我们有着各种差异，但是我们绝没有必要分隔开来。
3）—Need he do it all at once?他必须立即动手做吗？
—Yes , he must. / No, he needn’t.是的，必须做。/ 不必了。
（过去时多用didn’t need to do sth. : They didn’t need to arrive so early.他们不需要到那么早。）
（3）need作名词
1）Her face is pale. She looks as though she is in need of a rest.
她脸色苍白，看上去需要休息。
2）A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友/患难见真情。
3）There is no need for you to worry.
你不必发愁。
【考考你】
1．Some doctors were sent to the front where medical workers were ____.
A. in great need of
B. in great need
C. needed great
D. in need of
2．You will never _____ about him.
A. need worrying
B. need to worry
C. need to worried
D. needn’t worry
3．_____ for you to come so early.
A. It’s no need
B. There’s no necessary
C. There’s no need
D. It is not need
4．What _____ to make life easier for people with disabilities.
A. needs to do
B. need doing
C. needs do
D. needs to be done 【答案】
1．B2．B3．C4．D
◇Reading
【点拨】
1.本句中who see Xiaohua是定语从句，修饰people，谓语动词
guess后面接that引导的宾语从句。从句的living and dying with AIDS为现在分词短语作定语，修饰children。
2.with表示原因或理由，意思是“因为/由于”。
1）silent with shame因羞耻而沉默
2）trembling with fear / fright因恐惧而/吓得发抖
3）shaking with cold冷得发抖
4）dying with hunger因饥饿而濒死
5）jump with joy高兴得跳起来
6）a face wet with tears眼泪濡湿的脸
7）be red with anger气得脸红了
8）be absent with illness因生病而缺席
【点拨】1. 词组break down意思很多，既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词。
【识记】
break down 1. vt.毁坏 2. vi. （机械等）出故障，坏了 3. vi. 身体出毛病，（健康）衰弱 4. vt. 分解
1）A group of naughty children broke the window down.
一群调皮的孩子把窗户给毁坏了。
2）The machine broke down while we were operating it.
我们在操作机器时，机器坏了。
3）He / His health / His mind has broken down from overwork.
他由于工作过度而（身体、精神）衰弱。
4）Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃里分解。
【帮你总结】（break组成的词组）
break one’s leg摔断腿break a promise违背诺言break the law违反法律break prison越狱
break an electric circuit切断电路break a record打破纪录break away from放弃/背离break in闯入/打断/插嘴break into（+）闯入，破门而入（锁着的房子等）/突然……起来（break
into cheers突然欢呼起来）
break off中断/终止/突然中断（讲话等）
break out（战争等）突然发生/爆发
break up拆散/分解/解散/终止
break through突围/突破
【考考你】
1.The meeting didn’t _____ until midnight.
A. break down
B. break out
C. break up
D. break out
2.When they got home, they found their house _____ and a lot of things
stolen.
A. broken in
B. broken into
C. break in
D. breaking into
3.Chemicals in the body _____ our food into useful substances.
A.break out
B. break in
C. break away
D. break down
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
2. …leaves a person defenseless…在此句中leave表示“让（某人/某事）处于某种状态”，在“leave +宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是形容词、分词等。
v. + ing
leave sb. / sth. +
adv. （根据情景有不同译法）
prep. phrase
n.
1）Don’t leave the window open while you are sleeping.
睡觉时，不要把窗户打开。
2）Don’t leave her waiting outside. Let her in.
不要让她在外面等着，叫她进来。
3）He went away, leaving the work undone.
他工作没完成就走了。
4）her parents died, leaving her an orphan.
她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。
【考考你】
1.When we entered her room, we saw her clothes that she had left _____
around.
A. lay
B. lain
C. lying
D. to lie
2. Her husband died, _____ her five children.
A. left
B. leaving
C. keeping
D. letting
3. Her father died and _____ her a lot of money.
A. offered
B. gave
C. sent
D. left
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【点拨】
1.manage用法小结
manage +名词经营，管理（与can/ could/ be able to连用，表示“对付/吃”）
manage to do sth.设法做某事
1）manage the business做生意；manage a firm经营公司；manage a school管理学校
2）Can you manage another slice of cake?你能再吃一片蛋糕吗？
3）The box was heavy but he managed to carry it.
那箱子很重，但他仍设法把它搬走。
4）I shall be able to manage without help.我一个人能行。
【辨析】manage to do sth.设法做成某事/ try to do sth.设法去做某事（不表示结果——不一定成功）
【考考你】（用try, manage的适当形式填空）
1.Properly _____, the money can last them three months.
2.I once _____ my best to learn painting, but failed.
3.It was difficult for us to finish the work ahead of time but we _____ to
do it.
4.The boy was so hungry that he was able to _____ such a big cake
himself.
【答案】1. managed 2. tried 3. managed 4. manage
【识记】management n.经营，管理manager管理人；当家人manageable易管理的；可设法做到的
2. survive vt. 在经历（灾难等）之后仍然生存，从……中逃生；vi.
活下来、幸存
【考考你】（你还记得第一册（上）Unit One细说教材中的例句吗？）请你翻译下列句子；
1．查克大难不死，降落到一个荒无人烟的海岛上。
_________________________________________________
2．只有两名乘客在这次严重的车祸中幸免于难。
_________________________________________________
3．你要在没有朋友和日常生活中使用的物品的情况下求生。
_________________________________________________
4．挑战是在没有淡水的情况下如何生存。
_________________________________________________
【答案】
1．Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.（用作vt.）2．Only two passengers survived the terrible car crash.（用作vt.）3．You have to survive without friends and all the things you use in your everyday life.（用作vi.）
4．The challenge is how to survive without fresh water.（用作vi.）
【点拨】本句中having been infected with HIV为动名词的完成被动式作介词的宾语，表示这个动作发生在本句谓语动词之前，并且和本句的主语呈被动关系。
He didn’t mention having been praised at the meeting.
他没有提到在会上受到表扬一事。
【点拨】take care of等于care for，意思是“照顾，照料”。
【帮你总结】
1．care about在乎，介意。
2．care for照顾，喜欢，对……有兴趣。
3．take care of除了表示“照顾，照料”外，还可表示“当心，小心”的意思，take care后除接of短语外，还可接从句或不定式短语。4．和with连用作状语，意思是仔细地，认真地。
5．和under连用表示“照管”。
【译一译】
1.I don’t care about what he is interested in.
2.Would you care for a walk?
3.Take care of the vase when you take it.
4.Take care (that) you don’t break it. = Take care not to break it.
5.You should do everything with great care.
6.The company is under the care of Mr. Green.
【答案】
1．我不在乎他对什么感兴趣。
2．你想散散步吗？
3．拿花瓶时要当心。
4．小心别打破了它。
5．你做什么事都要细心。
6．这个公司由格林先生负责。
【点拨】wish后面跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，表示这一愿望无法实现，这是本课的语法要点。
【帮你归纳】动词wish的用法；
… did / was done…
… had done / had been done…
1. I wish that
would ( could / might …) do / would ( could / might ...)
be done …（表示不大可能实现的愿望）
【比较】hope + that从句也表示愿望/祝愿（一般是可实现的愿望）
2.wish sb. + n. / adj.表示祝愿
3.wish + to do sth. 相当于want / require / hope / expect to do sth.
4.wish sb. + to do sth. / n. +（to be）done（注意：hope后可跟从句或
不定式：hope that / to do sth. ，但不可用hope sb. to do sth.和be hoped to sth.结构）
1）I wish I were as young as you.
但愿我和你一样年轻。/我要是和你一样年轻就好了。
2）I wish I could / would fly to the Mars one day.
希望有一天我能飞到火星上去。
3）She wishes she had come here last week.
上周她要是来这里就好了。
【比较】
I hope that everything goes well with your work.
希望你工作如意/事事顺心。
I hope that you will have a pleasant journey.
祝你旅途愉快。
I wish you every success in the future.
祝你成功。
I wish you a pleasant journey / all the happiness / luck / victory / a happy New Year…/ I wish you happy / lucky / well (healthy) / safe in the journey…
我祝你幸福/好运/健康/旅途平安。
Li Lei wished to do well in the exam, but he failed.
李雷希望考试考得好，但没做到。
I wish you to finish the work this week.
希望你本周内能完成这工作。
I wish the work (to be) finished this week.
我希望本周内能完成这工作。
【拓展】wish用作名词：
【译一译】
1.the needs and wishes of the people
2.With best wishes.
3.give / send one’s best wishes to sb.
4.If wishes were horses, beggars might / would ride.
5.The wish is the father to the thought.
【答案】
1.人民的需要和希望
2.（信末结束语）祝好。
3.向某人致意
4.（谚）如果愿望是匹马，乞丐也能有马骑了。（或：如果空想能变
事实，穷人早就变富翁了。）
5.愿望是思想之父。（或：希望什么就相信什么。）
【点拨】available相当于usable，意思是“可利用的，有用的”，后面接介词时用for。
1）There are three small boats available for hire.
有三只供出租的小船。
2）The man is not available for the job; he has other work.
不能找这个人做这项工作，他还有别的工作。
3）This service is available to all of us.
我们都享受这项服务。
【点拨】
1. chance后的动词不定式作定语，常跟不定式作定语的名词还有：ability, effort, means（手段）, measure（措施）, reason, right, time, way, attempt, decision, promise（诺言）, wish, plan等。
【点拨】
1. spend time / money (in) doing sth. “花时间/金钱做某事”是一种常用结构。这一结构后面如跟名词则用介词on。
You should not spend any more time on grammar / in learning grammar. 你不应该再多花时间在学习语法上。
2. encourage鼓励，激励，是discourage的反义词，它的用法主要是encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。
The teacher encouraged the children to paint more pictures.
教师鼓励孩子们多画些画。
3. how to protect themselves为动词不定式短语作介词宾语。一般来说，介词后跟动名词短词作介词宾语。但如有疑问句，则用动词不定式。Karl Marx gave young people some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
卡尔·马克思就如何学习外语给年轻人一些忠告。
【点拨】
1. 本句是虚拟语气，表示将来不大可能实现的事实，if从句应用should或were to +动词原形，主句用would +动词原形。
If she should / were to know the truth, she would be greatly depressed.
万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望的。
2. choose用法小结：
（1）choose from（从……中）挑选
These samples are for you to choose from.
这些样品是供你挑选的。
（2）choose + sb. + sth. = choose + sth. for sb.为某人挑选某物
He chose her a nice present. = He chose a nice present for her.
他挑选了一件漂亮的礼物送给她。
（英语）九年级下册英语语法填空汇编题20套(带答案) 一、英语语法填空汇编 1．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 Jason and Andy are twins. They share a lot of things, including room, food and toys. One Saturday, Jason and Andy went out ________（play）with a toy car. Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car, so they shouted at each other. ________（They） mother heard the boys arguing. She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car, but the twins wouldn't. A few days later, Mother brought ________ pet home. "Can't we each have our own pet dog?" asked the boys. They were ________（tire） of sharing everything. "No! The dog must ________ （share）." Mother said. "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong." Several days later, the dog got into mother's room ________（secret） and made a mess there. Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes. He quickly went to find Andy and told him ________ the dog had done. "Oh, no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" ________（cry） Andy. They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly. "Just think, Jason," said Andy, "what a big mess two ________（dog） would made!" "I agree ________ you," laughed Jason, "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!" 【答案】 to play；Their；a；tired；be shared；secretly；what；cried；dogs；with 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了兄弟两人通过养狗学会了分享。 （1）句意：一个星期六，杰森和安迪带着一辆玩具车出去玩。go out to do，固定搭配，出去做某事，故填 to play。 （2）句意：他们的母亲听到男孩们在争吵。mother是名词，其前是形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，他们的，故填Their。 （3）句意：几天后，妈妈带了一只宠物回家。dog是可数名词单数，前面应用冠词限定。pet以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。 （4）句意：他们厌倦了分享一切。be tired of doing sth.，固定搭配，厌烦做某事，故填tired。 （5）句意：“不！这只狗必须分享。”母亲说。share与dog是被动关系，must是情态动词，故用must be done，故填 be shared。 （6）句意：几天后，这只狗悄悄地进入母亲的房间，把那里弄得一团糟。副词修饰动词短语got into，secret的副词是secretly，故填 secretly。 （7）句意：他很快去找安迪，并告诉他狗做了什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what指代事或物，故填what。 （8）句意：哦，不！收拾烂摊子是我们的责任！”安迪喊道。描述过去用一般过去时，cry的过去式是cried，故填 cried。 （9）句意：两条狗会弄得多糟啊！dog是可数名词，two修饰可数名词复数，故在dog
八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)
often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
英语EEC·English八年级上册主要语法 时间状语从句 概念 在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。） 由as soon as,when,while,as,after,before,until,since,not until(直到……才)引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。 主要时态：主过从过；主将从现；主句为一般现在时，从句不受影响。 “”主句将来时 主句祈使句从句一般现在时 主句中含有情态动词 Eg：I'll tell him the news as soon as he comes. when，while和as的区别 ①when：“当……时”他引导的从句表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或主句动作发生在从句之前（后面即可加瞬间动词也可加延续性动词）。 Eg：I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. ②while：“当……时，在……期间。表对比关系”后只能加延续性动词。 Eg：He fell asleep while he was watching TV. △强调对比：I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. ③as：“当……时”强调伴随。动作同时发生。 Eg：She went out as I entered the room. “一边...一边...” They talked as they walked. ④before，after Eg:I went to school after I finished my homework. ①②③ 我完成作业后去上学。 =I finished my homework before I went to school. ①②③ 我去学校之前完成了作业。 ⑤until=till，not...until=not before 当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句要用否定结构。当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句通常不用否定结构。 Eg：She didn't go to bed until her mother come back.
九年级上册英语语法填空汇编专项训练100(附答案)含解析 一、英语语法填空汇编 1．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。 Jason and Andy are twins. They share a lot of things, including room, food and toys. One Saturday, Jason and Andy went out ________（play）with a toy car. Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car, so they shouted at each other. ________（They） mother heard the boys arguing. She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car, but the twins wouldn't. A few days later, Mother brought ________ pet home. "Can't we each have our own pet dog?" asked the boys. They were ________（tire） of sharing everything. "No! The dog must ________ （share）." Mother said. "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong." Several days later, the dog got into mother's room ________（secret） and made a mess there. Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes. He quickly went to find Andy and told him ________ the dog had done. "Oh, no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" ________（cry） Andy. They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly. "Just think, Jason," said Andy, "what a big mess two ________（dog） would made!" "I agree ________ you," laughed Jason, "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!" 【答案】 to play；Their；a；tired；be shared；secretly；what；cried；dogs；with 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了兄弟两人通过养狗学会了分享。 （1）句意：一个星期六，杰森和安迪带着一辆玩具车出去玩。go out to do，固定搭配，出去做某事，故填 to play。 （2）句意：他们的母亲听到男孩们在争吵。mother是名词，其前是形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，他们的，故填Their。 （3）句意：几天后，妈妈带了一只宠物回家。dog是可数名词单数，前面应用冠词限定。pet以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。 （4）句意：他们厌倦了分享一切。be tired of doing sth.，固定搭配，厌烦做某事，故填tired。 （5）句意：“不！这只狗必须分享。”母亲说。share与dog是被动关系，must是情态动词，故用must be done，故填 be shared。 （6）句意：几天后，这只狗悄悄地进入母亲的房间，把那里弄得一团糟。副词修饰动词短语got into，secret的副词是secretly，故填 secretly。 （7）句意：他很快去找安迪，并告诉他狗做了什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what指代事或物，故填what。 （8）句意：哦，不！收拾烂摊子是我们的责任！”安迪喊道。描述过去用一般过去时，cry的过去式是cried，故填 cried。 （9）句意：两条狗会弄得多糟啊！dog是可数名词，two修饰可数名词复数，故在dog
英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋V erb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为： 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习 （一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? ★★练一练★★ 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
最新初三英语语法填空汇编题20套(带答案) 一、英语语法填空汇编 1．语法填空 Chen Yujie studies at a boarding school in Ningbo, Zhejiang. She used to go back to her home in Cixi every week ________ （get） money from her parents. It was not a short ride home and the trips were tiring. Chen hoped her parents could put the money on a bank card, ________ she didn't have to travel so often. She decided to discuss ________ with her parents during TV time after dinner. "It's usually the most relaxing time for our family," said Chen. She ________ the right time. After a few turns of lobbying（游说）, her parents ________ agreed with Chen. For most teenagers like Chen, talking to parents can be difficult or even worrying. So they have to choose a right time. American magazine Highlight recently surveyed 1,521 ________ （kid）aged 6~12 in the country, asking questions like" When you want to talk to your parents about something important, when is ________ best time to do it?". Results show that American kids seem to know when their parents are most receptive（乐于接受的）. Mealtime is discovered to be their favourite time to talk to their parents. Bedtime comes ________ （two）, followed by time spent in the car. ________ （China）teenagers seem to have a similar tendency（倾向）towards the problem. A newspaper in Zhejiang did a survey ________ it. The result shows most teenagers in the city would choose mealtime to talk to their parents. So do you have anything to talk to your parents? Choose a good time. 【答案】 to get；so；it；chose；finally；kids；the；second；Chinese；of 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了青少年和父母交流的问题，对大多数青少年来说，与父母交谈可能很困难，甚至令人担忧。所以他们必须选择正确的时间。 （1）句意：她常常每周回到在慈溪的家为了从父母那里取钱。此处是不定式做目的状语，为了，故填to get。 （2）句意：陈希望她的父母可以把钱打到银行卡上，这样她不用经常回家了。根据put the money on a bank card和she didn't have to travel so often可知，把钱打到银行卡上的结果是这样她不用经常回家了，故此处是连词表示结果，so是连词，故填so。 （3）句意：她决定晚饭后看电视时和她的父母讨论这件事。discuss后缺少宾语，it指代把钱打到银行卡上这件事，故用it指代一件事，故填it。 （4）句意：她选择了正确时间。此处缺少谓语动词，根据下文choose mealtime to talk to their parents选择用餐时间和父母交谈，可知是选择时机，choose是动词，描述过去用一般过去时，choose的过去式是chose，故填chose。 （5）句意：在几次游说下，她的父母终于同意了陈的意见。副词修饰动词agreed，finally，终于，是副词，故填finally。 （6）句意：美国杂志最近重点调查了该国15216名6-12岁的儿童。基数词1521后是名词复数，故填kids。
独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ___ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. __ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing thedanger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of __ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they hadbought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silverpennies, all of ___ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them
D. it 5. The cave __ very dark, he lit some candles ___ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand __ a gun and his face ____ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ___ . A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ___ parents seated together joking.
一般过去时 1.一般过去时:表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.一般过去时结构: 1）Be 动词:主语+Be 的过去式（was /were）+其它。 2）实义动词：主语+V-ed+其它。 3.一般过去时的标志词: yesterday 昨天yesterday morning 昨天上午last year 去年 just now 刚才 two days ago 两天前in 1999 在1999 年情景提示等。 4.一般过去时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。 1)Be 动词: (1)肯定句:主语+was/were +其它. I was late yesterday. 昨天我迟到了。 We were primary students 5 years ago. (2)否定句:主语+was /were＋not +其它. We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) (3)一般问句:be 动词提前。Was/Were + 主语+其它? I was ill yesterday. (改一般疑问句) →Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？） 肯定回答：Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) 否定回答：No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。) (4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋其它(一
般疑问句)？I was born in 1997. →When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2)实义动词： (1)肯定句:主语+V-ed +其它。 I called up my good friend just now. (2)否定句: 主语+didn’t +V 原形+其它 I didn’t argue with Tom last week. (3)一般问疑句：Did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I bought a souvenir in 2010. (改一般疑问句) →Did you buy a souvenir in 2010? 肯定回答：Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didn’t. (4)特殊疑问句: 疑问词+did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I went to HongKong last year. →Where did you go to HongKong last year? 5.变化规则 （1）、规则动词的变化规则： （1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked （2）以e 结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved , （3）以辅音字母+Y 结尾的动词，变Y 为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried （4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如stop―stopped
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A There are four people in my family. They are my parents, my elder brother and I. My mother is 1 house wife, and she works the 2 (hard) in my family. I 3 (usual) help her with the housework on weekends. My father is a 4 (teach). He has many lovely 5 (student). And he loves his job very much. My brother is 6 actor. He has 7 (work) for five years and he lives in another flat 8 (lonely) now. He often 9 (invite) us to go to his home to have dinner. I am a middle school student. I enjoy 10 (play) tennis in my spare time. My family members have a close relationship. I have a happy family. B My parents care about my study very much. When I do very well in 1 exam, my parents celebrate 2 for me. My mother usually cooks a delicious meal 3 my father always 4 (give) me a book as a present. He knows that I am 5 (interest) in reading books very much. But they also think it is important to develop 6 (person) independence. For example, some parents don?t expect their children to do the housework at home. Because they think 7 most important thing for them is to study well. But my parents have different 8 (opinion). They always ask me to help 9 the housework at home. So I can look after 10 (I) well. C Today is Saturday. Tom seems 1 (happily) because he doesn?t need to go to school. After 2 (eat) breakfast, he wants to go ouside to play, but it is 3 (rain) now. Tom feels sad. At the moment, Tom?s father asks Tom to play chess with him. Tom turns 4 (excite) after hearing that. In the afternoon, Tom and his parents watch TV together. The TV programmes are 5 (interest). D Susan had a problem and it worried her a lot. Last Sunday, 1 friend Ben came to her home to do the homework 2 her. After they finished their homework, it started to rain. Susan 3 (lend) her umbrella to Ben, 4 Ben hasn?t returned 5 to her yet. Susan?s grandmother gave the umbrella to Susan as her 6 (thirteen) birthday gift and it is very special to Susan. Susan felt 7 (embarrass) to talk about it to Ben. She had no idea what to do next. Her father told her maybe Ben has forgotten it and he suggested Susan should tell Ben the 8 (true). Now, Susan 9 (decide) to follow her father?s advice. She thinks Ben will be very happy to give 10 umbrella back. E My father died when I was 1 little kid. We were too poor 2 buy food. My mother got two part-time jobs to pay for 3 education. She did everything to make me live 4 (happy). At 5 age of twenty-two, I found a good job. However, a few 6 (month) later, the doctor told me I had a stomach cancer. It?s difficult for 7 (I) to accept the fact. My mother 8 (cook) simple but delicious food for me. After another CT, the doctor told me my tumor (肿瘤) got much 9 (small) than before, and I was away from the 10 (dangerous) of the cancer. F Mark Twain is one of the famous American 1 (write). Once he 2 (be) going to Dijon by train. There were many 3 (passenger) on the train. He was 4 (tire) and wanted to sleep. He asked the conductor (列车员) to wake him up when they came to Dijon. He explained he was 5 very heavy sleeper. “I?ll 6 (probable) get very angry at first, 7 do not take any notice. Just put me off the train.” Mark Twain went to sleep. After waking up, he 8 (find) that he was in Paris. He realized the conductor didn?t wake him up at Dijon. He 9 (run) up to the conductor and said, “I have never been so angry in all my life,”The conductor looked at him calmly. “You are not half so angry as 10 American whom I put off the train at Dijon,” she said.
独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点
1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构