决胜四级--阅读（2）
1
If the salinity(含盐量)of ocean waters is analyzed,it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Nevertheless,some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapour.In this manner,the salinity is increased,since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme,of course,white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way,is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水),such as rain,by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted(冲淡)so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where
rivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the substraction of the water by evaporation,or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally,in tropical regions where the sun is very strong,the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly,in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea,salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice.When seawater is frozen,the dissolved materials are left behind.In this manner,seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course,when this ice melts,it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea,of America,the densest water in the oceans is formed as a
result of this freezing process,which increases the salinity of cold water.This
heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
1. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except ____.
A.runoff
B.evaporation
C.melting
D.precipitation
2. The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in ____.
A.tropical areas
B.coastal regions
C.turbulent areas
D.rainy regions 3. The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to ____.
A.give an example of cold water salinity
B.point out the location of deep waters
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d913998999.html,pare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
D.indicate that this body of water has salinity variations
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE,according to the passage?
A.Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water.
B.As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases.
C.The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high.
D.In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers.
5. The major points discussed in the passage is ____.
A.the subtraction of water
B.the conversion of liquid water to water vapour
C.the salinity of ocean water
D.the effect of precipitation on the salinity of ocean water
2
T he cat has probably been associated with Man since it was first given a place by his fire in return for keeping the cave dwelling free of rats and mice.The
relationship between the cat and Man has not been constant,however.Man’s attitude has ranged through indifference and neglect to the extremes of persecution(残
害) and worship.
The Egyptians had great faith in the power of a living cat to protect them from both natural and supernatural evils.They made small ornaments and charms representing cats and the various cat deities(神性).These decorated their homes and
were buried with them to ensure that the soul of the dead person was protected
on it’s perilous journey through the hostile spirit world.
Pious Egyptians always mummified their cats and had them buried with almost
as much reverence(尊严) as if they were human beings.At the end of the last century,a cat cemetery was discovered near the site of the ancient city of Bubastis.
Here literally hundreds of thousands of little cat mummies were found ranged neatly on shelves. Some were stolen,some destroyed,and antique dealers sold many to
tourists.Thousands were left.
The ancient Jews believed that when a religious person who had reached a high degree of sanctity died,his soul entered the body of a cat and remained there until the cat itself died a natural death.Only then could it enter Paradise. Exactly the same belief existed in Burma and Thailand until comparatively recently,and beautiful sacred cats were kept in great luxury in the temples.When a member of the royal house of Siam died,his favorite cat was buried alive with him but a small opening was always left for its escape.When the cat emerged,the priests knew that the prince’s soul had safely entered its feline(似猫的)host,and the cat was ceremonially sent to the Temple.At the crowning of the young King of Siam in 1926,a white cat was carried by a court official in the procession to the Throne Room.The old King’s soul was resting in this cat,and his faithful former courtiers knew that he would want to be present at the crowning of his successor.
6. Man’s attitude towards cats has been ____.
A.constantly hostile throughout the ages
B.friendly
C.through many changes
D.negligent from time immemorial
7. The word“perilous”in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A.dangerous
B. long
C.boring
D.pleasant
8. Ancient Egyptians buried catlike ornaments with them for the reason that ____.
A.they had blind worship of cats
B.they had natural inclination to persecute cats
C.they hoped to be under the cat’s protection against all evils
D.cats were their pets
9. The ancient Jews held the belief that ____.
A.good cats could enter paradise after they died a natural death
B.a good man’s soul was protected by a cat
C.a holy person’s soul entered
a cat’s body after his death D.man had to believe religion
10.At the 1926 Coronation of Siam a white cat was ____.
A.escorted to the Temple
B.believed to be the spiritual guardian of the old king
C.presented to the new king
D.buried alive with the old king
3
One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general
reading before he went to sleep each night.Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or
2.30 a.m. made no difference.Even if you cannot keep to this kind of discipline,it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your
pocket.Don’t forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you.
Nearly all “speed reading” course have a “pacing” element — some timing
device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading.You can do this simply by looking at your watch 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached.Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading.Pace yourself every three or four days,always with the same kind of easy,general interest book.You should soon notice your habitual w.p.m.rate creeping up.Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m.rate if you do not understand what you are reading.When you are conciously trying to increase your reading speed,stop after every chapter if you are reading a novel or every section or group of ten or twelve pages if it is a textbook and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading.If you find you have lost the thread of the story,or you can’t remember clearly the details of what was said,reread the section or chapter. Try this from time to time.T ake four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading at the time.Read them as fast as you possibly can.Don’t bother about whether you understand or not.Now go back and read them at what
you feel to be y our “normal”w.p.m.rate,the rate at which you can comfortably
understand.After a “lightning speed”read through probably around 600w.p.m.,you
will usually find that your “normal” speed has increaed perhaps by as much as 50—100 w.p.m.This is the technique athletes use when they habitually run furt
her in training than they will have to on the day of the big race.
11.The famous surgeon mentioned in the first paragraph exemplifies the people who ____.
A. make it a rule to read at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m.every day
B. are in the habit of doing regular reading every day no matter how busy they are
C. always have an interesting book in their pockets
D. habitually go to bed late
12.A pacing device of a reading course is aimed at enabling the students
to ____.
A. assess their reading speed
B. speed up their reading
C. check their comprehension
D. do the most efficient reading13.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can never ignore your comprehension when you try to increase your reading speed.
B. The purpose of lightning speed exercise is to help you win the English contest.
C. To pace yourself,you should use books with more or less the same degrees of difficulty.
D. It is always a good idea to carry in your pocket an easy and interesting English book.14.The author writes this passage mainly to ____.
A. emphasize the importance of reading
B. classify different kinds of reading materials
C. give suggestions for reading practice
D. set a pace in reading
15.All of the following points are hints for reading practice given by the author except ____.
A. checking your progress through pacing
B. setting aside time each day for general reading
C. doing lightning speed exercise
D. recalling the thread of the story already read
4
The early scientific study of chemistry,known as alchemy,grew up in the first few centuries A.D. at Alexandria in Egypt.There two important things came together:one was the practical knowledge of the Egyptian workers in metals,pottery and dyes;the other was the learning of the earlier Greek philosophers,such as Hippocrates and Aristotle.At the same time alchemy was much influenced by ideas from the East about magic and astrology（占星术）—foretelling the future from the stars. Greek philosophers regarded debate about the nature of matter as superior to experiment,and some held that all matter was made up of the same four “elements” —earth,fire,air and water.Many people therefore thought that if these elements could be rearranged,one substance could be changed into another.For instance,a base metal could perhaps be turned into gold.The chief aim of the alchemists was to find a way of doing this.
Alchemy came under Arab influence when the armies of Islam conquered Egypt during the seventh century.The Arabs carried its study into Western Europe when they advanec into Spain.The greatest Arab alchemist was Jabir ibn Hayyan,possibly the same person as Geber,author of two important books on alchemy known from the Latin translations of the thirteenth century.Jabir claimed that mercury （水银）and sulphur（硫磺）were “elements”like the four Greek ones.He said that all metals were composed of mercury and sulphur in different proportions.To change a base metal into gold required the proportions to be changed by the action of a mysterious substance which came to be called
“the philosopher’s stone”.Alchemists searched in vain for this substance for several hundred years.
Alchemy was studied widely in Europe during the twelfth and following centuries,and attracted the attention of many learned men.Though they were doomed to fail in their attempts to make gold,their work led to the growth of a great deal of new chemical knowledge and of methods of making experiments.By the first half
of the sixteenth century,the aim of the alchemists had changed from the making of gold to the making of medicines.In particular they sought a fanciful substance called “the elixir （长生不老药）of life”,a powerful medicine which was to cure all ills,and which some people thought would turn out to be the same substance as “the philosopher’s stone”.This phase of chemistry lasted till about 1700.
16.The practical basis of several modern chemical industries was developed from ____.
A. Asian astrologers
B. Greek philosophers
C. Alexandrians
D. the ancient Egyptians
17.It was the Arab conquerors who ____. A. studied alchemy in the seventh century
B. introduced alchemy to Western Europe
C. spread alchemy to Egypt
D. carried out alchemical experiments in Spain
18.The greatest Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan ____.
A. translated two important books on alchemy from Latin in the 13th century
B. extended the Greek theories about the “elements”
C. was of t
he opinion that all metals were made up of the same four “elements”
D. gave the name “the philosopher’s stone ”to a mysterious substance
19.From the twelfth to the eighteenth century ____.
A. alchemy was widely used in people’s daily life
B. alchemy was stagnant
C. alchemists were somewhat misled
D. many learned men found a clue to the mystery of alchemy
20.It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. after 1700 chemistry changed its aim and methods
B. ancient Greek phi losophers considered alchemical experiments to be of great importance
C. “the philosopher’s stone”is a mysterious substance which can change a base metal into gold
D. Alexandria was the birthplace of magic and early science of chemistry Astrology
答案部分
1
短文大意
本文讨论的是海水的含盐量。本文主
要讲述了引起海水
含盐量变化的三个基本过程，一是用蒸发的方法去除水分，二是与蒸发法相反的方法——降水，三是海冰的形成和融化。
1. 答案B。
【参考译文】除了蒸发，下面所有的过程都使含盐量减少。
【试题分析】本题要求了解阐述文章主旨的事实和细节。
【详细解答】什么因素不使含盐量下降呢?这要求我们留意文中对含盐量高低变化起作用的因素的细节描述。文中第二段末句总结了影响含盐量的因素:蒸发(evaporation)使含盐量增加,降水(precipitation)和河水流入(runoff)使含盐量降低,后文中提到融冰(melting)也使含盐量降低。因此，这一题很明显应选B项。
2. 答案A。
【参考译文】热带地区的海水含盐是一般要高些。
【试题分析】本题要求我们了解相关的细节。
【详细解答】文中第三段具体描述了含盐量高低不同的几个地区,其
中热带地区含盐量高而沿海岸地区含盐量低。因此这一题显然应选A“热带地区”。
3. 答案A。
【参考译文】本文中提到Weddell海是为了举例说明冷水含盐量。
【试题分析】本题要求我们了解相关的细节。
【详细解答】文中提到Weddell海是在叙述了第三种改变含盐量的过程之后,这一种改变
主要与冰的形成与融化有关。海水结成冰后含盐量升高,冰融化后含盐量又变低。随后,文中以Weddell海为例,说明海水结冰后,冰冷的海水含盐量增高。所以,这一题显然应该选A项。
4. 答案B。
【参考译文】根据本文，下面哪一句不真实?
【试题分析】本题考查对文章的主旨以及相关细节。
【详细解答】选不正确的一项也
要求我们对全文有充分的理解,并能记住有关细节,这样才能判断对错。A项:“不同的因素
结合在一起改变了水的含盐量。”文中的确提到了各种不同的因素,如蒸发等去除水分的方法
和如降水等增加水分的方法一起使世界各地水的含盐量有所不同。所以A项正确。B项“海水结冰的结果是使水的含盐量下降了。”而文中却提到海水结冰后,冰下的水含盐量增高。因
此B项是不正确的,应选B项。C项:“靠近海洋底部的水的含盐量相对高一些。”文中第五段提到海水结冰后,冰下的水浓度高,所以下沉到海洋更深的部分。因此可以推出海洋靠近底部的海水的含盐量相对高一些。C项是正确的。不选C。D项:“在沿海岸的地区,海洋被河水冲淡了。”这在文中第二段中有明确的表述。文中写到“增长的水会冲淡海洋。这可能发生在雨林地区或海洋地区,在沿海地区河水冲进海洋。”也就是说在沿海岸地区,海洋被河水冲淡了。所以D是正确的,不应选D。
5. 答案C。
【参考译文】本文讲述的要点是海水的含盐量。
【试题分析】本题主要考查考生对全文的理解和中心的概括。
【详细解答】此文主要围绕海水的含盐量进行叙述,列举了三种不同情况下含盐量的增减
。因此最合适的答案为C。而A“水分的去除或减少”,B“水由液态转为固态”,和D“降水对海水含盐量的影响，”都只是文中叙述的一个方面,而不是主要观点。
2
短文大意
本文讨论的是猫与人的关系。人与猫的关系很可能自从人类住在洞穴的时候防老鼠的时期开始。古埃及人对活猫的力量深信不疑，认为猫可以使他们免遭自然与超自然的邪恶的侵害，所以他们总是像尊重人一样把猫制成木乃伊把它们埋葬，古代犹太人和缅甸人和泰国人也同样尊敬猫，他们认为一个高度圣洁的信教的人死后，他的灵魂进入猫的体内，直到猫自己自然死亡，只有这时它才进入天堂。
6. 答案C。
【参考译文】人类对猫的态度经历了很多变化。
【试题分析】本题要求对相关段落进行综合归纳。
【详细解答】这一题要求我们理解range一词的含义。第一段的最后
一句话明确写出人对猫的态度的变化包括了从不关心,忽略到残害和崇拜两个极端等等。也就是说人对猫的态度有多种变化。所以答案是C项。
7. 答案A。
【参考译文】第二段最后一句的“perilous”这个词的意思最有可能是“dangerous”。【试题分析】本题为语义测试题。
【详细解答】这一题可从上下文中推断出词义。第二段的最后一句基本上是说猫形装饰物同死人一起埋葬能保证死人的灵魂在通过有敌意的精灵世界的路程中得以保护。那么这一旅程是怎样的呢?不仅要通过有敌意的精灵世界而且还需要保护。可想而知,一定不会是愉快的。透过隐含的意思,我们可以猜到是危险的。所以应选A项。
8. 答案C。
【参考译文】古埃及人把像猫的饰物随葬因为他们希望在猫的保护下免遭一切邪恶的侵害。
【试题分析】本题要求掌握相关的细节。
【详细解答】在对第二段整体理解后,可很明确地了解到古埃及人对猫的崇拜以及为何要将猫形饰物共葬的原因。正如第二段第一句话所说埃及人深信猫有保护他们免遭自然与超自然的邪恶的侵害的力量。所以不难看出答案为C项。
9. 答案C。
【参考译文】古代犹太人相信一个圣洁的教徒死后，他的灵魂会进入猫的体内。
【试题分析】本题要求对相关细节进行一定的推理。
【详细解答】提到古犹太人我们很自然会回到第四段找相关细节。文中提到的古犹太人相信当一个虔诚的教徒死后,他的灵魂会进入猫的体内,并直至这只猫自然死亡后,灵魂才会
进入天堂。由此我们可以确定答案应为C项。而A 项“好猫的灵魂会在自然死亡之后进入天堂。”但文中提到了进入天堂的灵魂是虔诚的教徒的灵魂并非猫的。所以A不正确。B项认为一个好人的灵魂被猫所保护,这显然与原文不符。D项认为人必须信教。而在文中只提到了信教的人的灵魂最终会进入天堂,确未提到人必须信教。而且这篇文章的重点在猫而非信教,所以D也不正确。
10.答案B。
【参考译文】1926年泰国国王加冕时一只白猫被认为是老国王的灵魂监护人。
【试题分析】本题要求对相关细节进行一定的引申。
【详细解答】在最后一段的最后两句话中提到了1926年泰国国王加冕时一只白猫被一个
法院官员送往觐见室,因为老国王的灵魂栖于这只猫的体内,所以他的前任官员认为他想要亲自见证自己的后代加冕,所以这道题的最佳答案应为B项。而A项认为“猫被护送往神庙”，但很明显猫被送往了觐见室。所以A是错的。C项认为猫被呈交给了新国王,根据原文，猫是出场观看加冕仪式的。所以C项不对。D项认为猫是被活埋在老国王的墓中。这显然与原文不符。
3
短文大意
本文讨论的是阅读练习。作者对阅读练习提出了一些建议。几乎所有“速度阅读”课程都有记时，让学生知道自己一分钟读了多少单词。如果你不理解所阅读的内容，那么很显然提高阅读速度就没有什么意义。
11.答案B。
【参考译文】第一段中提到的著名外科医生是举例说明那些人不论
有多忙都习惯坚持每天阅读。
【试题分析】本题要求注意细节中的隐含意思。
【详细解答】首段提到的医生每天睡觉前都要阅读至少１５分钟。
此处文中强调这种阅读已经成为医生的规律了，不论上床的时间是晚上１０点，或者是凌晨２点半, 他照读不误，由此我们可以看出，此处的医生代表着那种不论有多忙都仍坚持每天阅读习惯的人，所以应选Ｂ。
12.答案A。
【参考译文】阅读课程的测速方法的目的是让学生能够评估自己的
阅读速度。
【试题分析】本题要求了解相关的细节。
【详细解答】文中提到测速方法（pacing device）时候写道，这种
方法让学生们知道他每分钟阅读多少个词。所以很明显这一题应选择Ａ“估计他们的阅读速度。”。
13.答案B。
【参考译文】根据文中的说法下面哪一项不正确？
【试题分析】本题主要考查对全文的整体理解并结合有关细节来作选择。
【详细解答】A项认为“当你试着提高阅读速度的时候，不应忽略理解力。”这在文中第三段首句中就明确提到了，不理解所读内容而一味提高阅读速度毫无意义。所以Ａ符合原文意思，不应选Ａ。Ｂ项认为“以闪电般速度练习的目的在于帮助你赢得英语竞赛。”文中最后一段提到通过“闪电速度”练习阅读以后，你会发现你的正常速度已经提高了，即此项练习的目的在于帮助你提高正常阅读速度。所以Ｂ项和原文不符，应选Ｂ项。Ｃ项认为“为测量你的速度，你应该读难度大体相同的书。”文中第二段提到通常读同一种难度的有趣的书，Ｃ和原文相符，所以不选择Ｃ。Ｄ项认为“在你的口袋里面总是装一本简单易懂而且有趣的英文书是一个好主意。”这在第一段的第二句话中明确提到了。所以Ｄ和原文相符，不应选择Ｄ。
14.答案C。
【参考译文】作者写本文的主要目的是给出几种练习阅读的建议。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对全文中心的概括能力。
【详细解答】全文着重说明的是提高阅读速度的方法，所以Ｃ项“
给出几种练习阅读的建议”最贴切，应选择Ｃ。
15.答案D。
【参考译文】除了“回忆已经阅读文章的线索”，下面所有的观点
都是作者对阅读练习的建议。
【试题分析】本题要求掌握说明文章主旨的事实和细节。
【详细解答】作者在此文中对阅读有很多建议，那么哪一项不是作
者的建议呢？Ａ项“通过测速来检查你的进步。”很明显作者着重强调过测速的方法，所以Ａ项是建议，不应选择Ａ。Ｂ项“每天留出时间来阅读。”这也是作者明确提到的，不应选Ｂ。Ｃ项“进行闪电式阅读练习。”在文中，最后一段作者也建议了这一方法，不应选Ｃ。Ｄ项“回忆已经阅读文章的线索。”在文中作者建议如果读者发现自己失去所读故事的线索，应再重读一遍，而非回忆已经读过文章的线索。所以应选Ｄ项。
4
短文大意
本文讨论的是化学的早期科学研究——炼金术。炼金术起源于埃及的亚历山大，实用知识是由埃及工人创造的，而对炼金术的了解，则来源于早期希腊哲学家，他们认为所有的物质都是由土、火、空气和水组成的，如果把这些元素重新组合就会产生新的物质。阿拉伯也曾经影响和研究炼金术，从十二世纪起以后的几个世纪里欧洲也广泛研究过炼金术。
16.答案D。
【参考译文】现代化学工业的实用基础是古埃及人建立的。
【试题分析】本题要求对细节有充分的理解并进行一定的推断。
【详细解答】早期化学首先起源于埃及的亚历山大，但是实用的知识
是由埃及工人们创作出的。所以这一题目应该选择Ｄ“现代化学工业的实用基础是由古埃及人建立的”。
17.答案B。
【参考译文】正是阿拉伯征服者将炼金术传到了西欧。
【试题分析】本题要求了解相关的细节。
【详细解答】这一题目要求我们在略读后找到相对应的细节才能做
出选择。在第三段中
提到阿拉伯人在征服埃及以后将化学研究传到了西欧，所以Ｂ项是正确的。而Ａ项说“阿拉伯征服者在７世纪研究了化学”，这与文中提到的阿拉伯人在７世纪征服了埃及的意思不符，所以Ａ项不正确。Ｃ项“将化学传到了埃及。”这显然和原文不符，因为化学的起源是在古代埃及。Ｄ项“在西班牙进行化学试验”文中只是提到阿拉伯人在进军西班牙时候将化学传到了西欧，并没有提到在西班牙进行化学试验。因而不正确。
18.答案B。
【参考译文】阿拉伯最伟大的化学家扩展了希腊有关“元素的理论”。
【试题分析】本题要求对相关细节进行一定的引申。
【详细解答】文中提到Jabir ibn Hayyan是阿拉伯最伟大的化学家，也可能是后来通过
13世纪拉丁译文才为人们所知的两部化学巨著的作者。他认为所有的金属都由水银和硫磺组成。由于这两种成分的比例不同，要想将基础金属变成黄金需要一种后来称为“哲学家之石”的神秘物质来改变两种成分的比例。因此根据文中的意思应选择Ｂ项。Ａ项认为Jabiribn Hayyan翻译了两部巨著是不对的。Ｂ项认为他扩展了希腊有关四大元素的理论，这是正确的，他认为水银和硫磺就象土，火，气，水一样是组成物质的基本元素。Ｃ项认为Jabir ibn Hayyan认为所以金属由四大元素组成，这显然和原文不符。Ｄ项认为他命名了一种叫“哲学家之石”的神秘物质，但是文中写有“哲学家之石”是后来命名的，所以Ｄ不对。
19.答案C。
【参考译文】从十二世纪到十八世纪，化学家有点被误导了。
【试题分析】本题要求在理解相关段落的基础上进行一定的推理。
【详细解答】从题干我们可以得知题目主要是问１２世纪到１８世纪的事情，而文中最后一段正是讲述这段时间的事情，所以需要对这一段有整体理解再一一判断，再运用排除法
。Ａ项认为“这期间化学被广泛用于人们的日常生活中。”但是文中只是提到这期间欧洲广
泛地研究化学，所以Ａ项不对。Ｂ项认为“化学研究停滞不前。”但是文中写有研究者虽然
没有找到点石成金的物质,但是大大推动了化学知识和实验方法的发展，所以Ｂ也不对。Ｃ
认为“化学家有点被误导了”在文中提到化学家作种种研究是为了找到点石成金的神秘物质
，而非为了发展化学本身，所以的确有点被误导了。应选择Ｃ项。Ｄ项认为“许多有学问的
人解开了古代化学之迷”，事实上人们从未找到“哲学家之石”这一神秘物质，也无法解开
古代化学之迷。所以不应选择Ｄ项。
20.答案A。【参考译文】从本文中可以推断，18世纪后，化学已经改变了其目的和方法。
【试题分析】本题要求对相关段落进行一定的推理。
【详细解答】这一题目要求我们区别暗示和明示。Ａ项认为１８世纪后，化学已经改变
了其目的和方法。文中提到１６世纪前化学研究的目的在于寻找点石成金的物质，１６世纪
中叶后其目的在于研究长生不老的灵药，但是这一阶段一直持续到１７００年就停止了。从而暗示１７００年后化学研究的目的和方法就变了。所以应选Ａ项。Ｂ项认为“古代希腊哲学家认为化学实验很重要。”但是文中提到希腊哲学家认为讨论比实验更重要，所以Ｂ不正确。Ｃ项认为“哲学家之石是一种能使基础金属变成黄金的神秘物质。”而文中提到哲学家之石只是人们幻想的一种物质，并不存在，所以Ｃ不正确。Ｄ认为“亚历山大是魔术和早期的占星化学的发源地。”但是文中提到埃及的化学受到东方魔术和占星术的影响。所以东方才是魔术和占星术的发源地，因此不应该选择Ｄ。
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译》的内容，具体内容：在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习 者发展语言能力的基础和手段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中 分值最重的题型，为了提... 在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手 段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也 不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大家的阅读水平，下面是我为大家带来英语四级阅读理解基础练习，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 英语四级阅读理解基础练习一： Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to "leave the nest" and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］ In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET. TEXT A As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”—corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis. 16. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America. 17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ A. very small B. highly advanced C. difficult to defend D. quickly constructed TEXT B Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP] The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?”I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像大多数人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这一重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，可以改善窗口显示一个闪烁附近商店给我，我的步骤，并提出上述建议的仓库保管员。一发现我付出，离开是，它几乎是不可能放弃任何在这个世界上，没有得到回报，尽管返回往往在一个意想不到的形式。一个星期天上午，当地邮局作了重要特别
大学英语四级选词填空和快速阅读复习攻略 选词填空: 首先:预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记; 其次:精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性; 第三:把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 记背选词填空选项的重点范围: 1.历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词 2.历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项 3.历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇 快速阅读: 建议做题方法:读题干并确定关键词(中心词)--去原文中定位关键词--分析定位句--分析题干--确定答案。 首先用“打包”方法对付乱序: 把整组题全部一次性吃透，然后去原文从头到尾定位。否则，考生如果按顺序逐题解答，时间会严重不足，最好是文章一遍看下来，能找到所有的信息。此外，考生应该注意定位原文的过程中，一定要脑、眼和手并用:眼是肯定要用的，不用脑会导致忽视同义转换，不用手(笔)会使我们处于走马观花的状态，然后会怀疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而不停地看。 其次:“吃透”题干，准确判断关键词(中心词)至关重要。如果没吃透题干，就无法准确判断关键词或中心词，就可能对原文中的重要信息没感觉。一般来说，题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。 最后，在解题的先后顺序上，采用先易后难的策略。采用由易到难的解题策略，可以提升考生的解题信心。对于那些答题线索较少的题干细节信息，考生可留在最后再解答。在解答这类较难的题目时，考生可快速阅读原文中仍未选过的段落的主题句(通常为第一句、第二句或最后一句)，之后根据段落大意与题干中的细节信息进行匹配。
专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习试题 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe －sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably1 like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense2 against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them pueblos3 , which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery4 and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选参考英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
2008.6. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. Our efforts will pay off if the result of the research ________________________ （能应用于新技术的开发） 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ______________________（一定出 了毛病）with its operation system. 89．Leaving one’s job, _________________________（不管是什么工作）is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90．（与我成长的地方相比）_________________________，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.（直到他完成使命）___________________________ did he realize that he was seriously ill. . 2008.1. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. ________________________ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，dotor can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____________________(我比以前更 容易累了). 89. I am going to pursue this course, ________________________(无论我要作出什 么样的牺牲).
2010年专业四级英语真题（翻译） Passage 4（翻译） Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. W omen prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says. Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ . A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men" B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ . A) Perform relatively better C) behave more responsibly B) grow up more healthily D) receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?