Brain Anatomy in Turner Syndrome Evidence for Impaired Social and Spatial–Numerical Networ

大脑的奥秘：神经科学导论答案大脑的奥秘：神经科学导论答案1.1脑与外部世界1【判断题】某些癫痫病人由于外科手术而成为裂脑人,因此他们的大脑可以相互独立工作。

(?)2【判断题】人类的一些高级认知过程都和心脏有关,是心与脑的共同表现形式。

(?)3【判断题】所有具备生命特征的动物都有大脑。

(?)1.2脑科学的应用1【单选题】现代科学技术可以用（C）来控制神经细胞的反应,控制特定的大脑核团。

A、磁波B、信号C、光D、声音2【判断题】别人没有任何方法破解深藏于内心的秘密。

(?) 3【判断题】不同的人脑功能上的显著差别来源于其不同的文化的宗教背景。

(?)4【判断题】大脑的每个半球都包括大脑皮层。

(?)5【判断题】大脑皮层是高级神经活动的物质基础。

(?)1.3打开大脑的“黑盒子”1【单选题】（A）是人脑的最大部分。

A、端脑B、间脑C、中脑D、后脑2【单选题】（C）检测的是血液中含氧量的变化。

A、单电级记录B、功能核磁共振C、内源信号光学成像D、深度脑刺激3【判断题】深度脑刺激可以无损伤地看到大脑的功能活动。

(?) 4【判断题】神经元的细胞体大小为1毫米。

(?)2.1“标准像”与信息传递1【单选题】以下（C）是神经元所不具备的。

A、细胞核B、树突C、细胞壁D、轴突2【单选题】神经元的末端的细小分支叫做（D）。

A、树突B、细胞核C、轴突D、神经末梢3【判断题】每个神经元可以有多个树突。

(?)4【判断题】每个神经元可以有多个轴突。

(?)2.2信息交流的结构单元1【单选题】按照对后继神经元的影响来分类,可分为（A）类。

A、2B、3C、4D、12【单选题】电突触具备（D）特点。

A、突触延迟B、神经递质释放C、前膜与后膜相互独立隔绝D、信号可双向传递3【多选题】神经元按其功能可分为（ABC）。

A、感觉神经元B、联络神经元C、运动神经元D、抑制性神经元4【判断题】神经元具有接受、整合和传递信息的功能。

(?)5【判断题】神经元就是神经细胞。

人工智能与信息社会网课答案如果没找到答案，请关注公众号：搜搜题免费搜题1. 单选题电影()中,机器人最终脱离了人类社会,上演了“出埃及记”一幕。

（1.0分）我,机器人2. 单选题 1977年在斯坦福大学研发的专家系统()是用于地质领域探测矿藏的一个专家系统。

（1.0分）没搜到哦~3. 单选题能够提取出图片边缘特征的网络是()。

（1.0分）卷积层4. 单选题在ε-greedy策略当中,ε的值越大,表示采用随机的一个动作的概率越(),采用当前Q函数值最大的动作的概率越()。

（1.0分）大;小5. 单选题考虑到对称性,井字棋最终局面有()种不相同的可能。

（1.0分）没搜到哦~6. 单选题在语音识别中,按照从微观到宏观的顺序排列正确的是()。

（1.0分）帧-状态-音素-单词7. 单选题没搜到哦~8. 单选题在强化学习过程中,()表示随机地采取某个动作,以便于尝试各种结果;()表示采取当前认为最优的动作,以便于进一步优化评估当前认为最优的动作的值。

（1.0分）9. 单选题一个运用二分查找算法的程序的时间复杂度是()。

（1.0分）没搜到哦~10. 单选题典型的“鸡尾酒会”问题中,提取出不同人说话的声音是属于()。

（1.0分）非监督学习11. 单选题 2016年3月,人工智能程序()在韩国首尔以4:1的比分战胜的人类围棋冠军李世石。

（1.0分）AlphaGo12. 单选题首个在新闻报道的翻译质量和准确率上可以比肩人工翻译的翻译系统是()。

（1.0分）微软13. 单选题被誉为计算机科学与人工智能之父的是()。

（1.0分）图灵14. 单选题没搜到哦~15. 单选题科大讯飞目前的主要业务领域是()。

（1.0分）语音识别16. 单选题如果某个隐藏层中存在以下四层,那么其中最接近输出层的是()。

（1.0分）归一化指数层17. 单选题每一次比较都使搜索范围减少一半的方法是()。

（1.0分）18. 单选题人类对于知识的归纳总是通过()来进行的。

Unit 5 Into the unknown 学案1．There is a profound charm in mystery. —Chatfield神秘事物具有深奥的魅力。

2．Nature is not governed except by obeying her. —Bacon自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。

3．To be beautiful and to be calm is the ideal of nature. —Richard Jefferies美与宁静是自然的理想。

4．Mix a little mystery with everything，and the very mystery arouses veneration.任何事都掺一点神秘性，唯其神秘才引起崇拜。

5．He had lived long enough to know it is unwise to wish everything explained.长时期的生活经历足以使他懂得要想把一切都解释清楚是不明智的。

6．Man masters nature not by force but by understanding. —Bronwski人征服大自然不是凭力量，而是凭对它的认识。

The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province，northeast China，is back in the news after several recent sightings.The director of a local tourist office，Meng Fanying，said the monster，which seemed to be black in color，was ten meters from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.“It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it，”he said.“Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature，Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse.”In another recent sighting，a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.“It was greenish­black and had a round head with 10­centimeter horns”，one of the soldiers said.Mike Taylor，a university student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph.D.，discovered a brand­new species of dinosaur，while conducting research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom.This new species was identified as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs.The sauropods were four-legged，vegetarian dinosaurs，with very long necks and tails，and relatively small skulls and brains.One of their most unusual characteristics was their nostrils，which were higher up in their head，almost near the eyes.So far，the sauropod bones have been found in every continent except Antarctica，and they are one of the longest living group of dinosaurs，spanning over 100 million years.This new species，named Xenoposeidon proneneukos，which means forward sloping，lived about 140 million years ago.Mike Taylor，who has spent five years studying sauropod vertebrae，immediately knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod.However，he had never seen one like this before.Further research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod.The bone，which had been discovered in the 1890s，had never been examined.[探究发现]1．Find out the main idea of the passage.Mike Taylor discovered a brand-new species of dinosaur.2．Find out the new dinosaur's most obvious characteristic.Nostril.3．Find out the time that the bone was discovered.In the 1890s.Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.intrigue A．n.气旋；旋风()2.pyramid B．n.金字塔()3.astronomy C．n.衰败()4.tropical D．adj.来自热带的；产于热带的()5.cyclone E．v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴()6.downfall F．n.天文学()7.megadrought G．n.超级干旱[答案]1－5EBFDA6－7CGB．短语匹配()1.fall into ruin A．相当于()2.make a discovery B．收回()3.correspond to C．做出发现；发现()4.take back D．将……应用于……()5.apply...to... E．(因无人照料而)衰落，败落[答案]1－5ECABDⅡ.默写单词1．civilisation n．文明(社会)2．bury v. 将……埋在下面3．canal n. 运河4．ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟5．abandon v. 离弃，逃离6．dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定7.expansion n. 扩大；增加Ⅰ.语境填词astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；was buried；canal；ruin The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation．2．The truth has been buried in her memory since then.3．Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun，moon，stars，planets，etc. 4．A canal is a passage dug in the ground for boats and ships to travel along. 5．The old mill is now little more than a ruin．6．The cold weather forced us to abandon going out.7．I think we can safely dismiss their objections.8．Despite the difficulties the company is confident of further expansion．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Mayan civilisation(civilise)a millennium ago.2．The child was found abandoned(abandon)but unharmed.3．The buildings were in a ruinous (ruin)condition.4．Expansionism(expansion)was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century.5．There are no previous statistics for comparison(compare)．6．They questioned the accuracy(accurate)of the information in the file.7．The test can accurately (accurate)predict what a bigger explosion would do.8．Her dismissal(dismiss)of the threats seemed irresponsible.1．Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。

1【判断题】思考是有目的的心理活动而且对于这种心理活动，当事人可以进行一些控制。

( )我的答案：√2【判断题】思考的关键是控制。

( )我的答案：√1【判断题】我们遇到形形色色的问题可以分为两类问题，有的问题不需要思考，有的问题需要思考。

（）我的答案：√2【判断题】思考就是针对特定问题想出好的解决办法。

（）我的答案：√1【单选题】传统教学中，学生主要以哪种方式思考？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：B2【单选题】富有挑战性和互动性的是何种思考方式？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：A3【单选题】以下哪种思考方式需要有较强的学习主动性？（）窗体顶端A、我的答案：B4【单选题】海绵式思考是被动接受作者观点与推理但不能评价，淘金式思考是主动发现最有意义的论点和观念并评价。

（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：B1【单选题】赫曼的全脑模型中，逻辑型属于（）象限？窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：A【单选题】在思考过程中，以图像和心像进行思考的是？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：B3【单选题】在思考过程中，比较偏向直觉思考的是？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：A1【判断题】创造力并非人人都有。

（）我的答案：× 2【判断题】创造力可以通俗地解释为发现和解决新问题、提出新设想、创造新事物的能力。

（）我的答案：√ 3【判断题】人们的创造力可以通过科学的教育和训练而不断被激发出来，转化为显性的创造能力，并不断得到提高。

（）我的答案：√ 1【单选题】在思考过程中，创造力的源泉是？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：B2【单选题】在思考过程中，偏向理性思考的是？（）窗体顶端A、我的答案：A3【判断题】一些所谓的“无创造力”的人，通过科学开发其创造力也可以成为显性的。

（）我的答案：√ 1【单选题】神经心理学的研究一般认为思考的心理过程分为两个阶段，哪一阶段与创意思考有着密切的关联？（）窗体顶端A、B、我的答案：A2【单选题】演绎是什么样的推理方法？（）窗体顶端A、我的答案：B3【单选题】生物学家按界、门、纲、目、科、属、种的顺序，把世界上所有的生物分了类，并揭示了各类生物间的关系和联系，这属于什么过程？（）窗体顶端A、B、C、D、我的答案：B4【判断题】在思考方法中，概括是使事物普遍化的思考过程。

1.[A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2.[A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3.[A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4.[A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5.[A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6.[A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7.[A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8.[A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9.[A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experienc e demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women .[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress[C] are more capable of avoiding stress[D] are exposed to more stress23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be .[A] domestic and temporary[B] irregular and violent[C] durable and frequent[D] trivial and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that .[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expense s[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove t he author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept thepaper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money fromgovernment–funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (orhis employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybridsof these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses .[A] the background information of journal editing[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers[D] the traditional process of journal publication27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that .[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to .[A] cover the cost of its publication[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it[C] allow other online journals to use it freely[D] complete the peer-review before submission30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easily by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches ta ller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at t his genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist WilliamCameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to .[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.[C] compare different generations of NBA players[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future .[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable35. The text intends to tell us that .[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern[B] human height is becoming even more predictable[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has alteredText 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significant, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, auth or of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravary of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to .[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that .[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his .[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each ofthe numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)_______________.Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) _______________. Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) _______________. Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on either side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) _______________. These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessa ry to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A&P as a Stateof Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) _______________.Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again—working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences andcorrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have already and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrible, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that d escribed Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A&P” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring t o his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectualpowers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his ownPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CDin your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2023年全国硕士硕士招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。

真题实战-言语2（讲义）1.在知情同意方面，由于绝大部分没有专业知识的受试者对基因治疗的原理无法准确理解，因而很难真正完全知晓其所承担的风险。

另一个风险是由于很多基因治疗所针对的是严重的遗传疾病，因而通常需要在病人婴儿或儿童时期治疗，但此时是否做基因治疗的知情同意和选择将取决于其父母或监护人。

父母或监护人是否有权为病人选择可能改变其体内部分细胞的基因目前也没有明确的共识。

这段文字意在强调A.知情同意在基因治疗中的实现难度B.基因治疗中医患关系的特殊性C.基因治疗中医疗风险的特殊性D.知情同意在基因治疗中的观念分歧2.语言的发展、维持或衰落从来不是一个纯粹的语言学问题，而是复杂的社会、政治和经济力量相互博弈的结果。

当前，学界主要从社会学、政治学以及经济学等视角探讨方言保护问题，而有关方言的法律保护尤其是行政法保护的研究尚不多见。

因此，建立和完善我国方言保护的行政法机制，协调普通话与方言的冲突，从而在语言的通用性、规范性与多样性之间寻求均衡保护，具有重要的理论与应用价值。

这段文字之后最有可能讨论的是A.方言保护具有的理论与实践价值B.语言规范化和多样化平衡的方法C.普通话与方言的冲突并非不可调和D.如何通过行政立法对方言进行保护3.以人均收入衡量的发展差距，本身隐含着一个资源禀赋结构上的差异，即发达地区具有相对丰富的资本要素，从而在资本密集型产业上具有比较优势；而相对不发达地区则具有劳动力丰富和生产成本低的比较优势。

东中西部地区之间存在的资源禀赋结构差异，无疑可以成为中西部地区经济发展赶超的机遇。

下列说法与文意不符的是A.不同地区资源禀赋的差异有利有弊B.发达地区相对来说劳动力比较缺乏C.中西部可以利用劳动力丰富的优势D.资本密集型产业多集中在东部地区4.城镇化是一个长期的历史过程。

在这个过程中，既有人口从农村向城镇迁移的正向城镇化，也不可避免地会出现农民工返乡等逆城镇化现象。

通过加快户籍制度改革，促进农业转移人口市民化，可以保证城镇化持续推进；同时，实施乡村振兴战略，不仅可以为农村人才和劳动力创造更广阔的用武之地，也使城镇化的推进更加行稳致远。

1.11 [判断题] 具备生命特征的所有动物都有大脑。

（）我的答案： ×2 [判断题] 裂脑人是由于外科手术造成两侧大脑相互独立工作。

（）我的答案：√3 [判断题] 人对自我，对他人，对社会的看法是社会学层次的讨论对象，难以用脑这一自然科学研究对象来表现。

（）我的答案： ×4 [判断题] 传统的东方人和西方人对家庭和亲人的看法有所不同，它们可以在特定的脑区找到不同的激活方式。

（）我的答案：√1.21 [判断题] 现代科学技术可以用光来控制神经细胞的反应，可以控制特定的大脑核团。

（）我的答案：√2 [判断题] 隐藏在内心深处的秘密不告诉别人，也没有方法被人破解。

（）我的答案： ×3 [判断题] 特定的大脑核团执行特定的任务，它的病变造成功能丧失，表现的症状是相似的。

（）我的答案： ×4 [判断题] 脑的生物电信号可以被用来解读，从而控制机器。

（）我的答案：√1.31 [单选题] （）可以无损伤地看到大脑的功能活动。

A.单电极记录B.功能核磁共振C.内源信号光学成像D.深度脑刺激我的答案：B2 [单选题] 人脑中有（）神经元。

A.1000万B.1亿C.10亿D.100亿我的答案：D3 [单选题] 神经元的细胞体大小为（）。

A.1毫米B.1厘米C.10微米D.10纳米我的答案：C4 [判断题] 神经元之间的连接方式一旦建立就不会改变。

（）我的答案： ×2.11 [单选题] （）是神经元所不具备的。

A.细胞核B.树突C.细胞壁D.轴突我的答案：C2 [单选题] 髓鞘起到的主要作用是（）。

A.传送营养物质B.传送带电离子C.绝缘D.接受电信号我的答案：C3 [单选题] 树突小棘的主要作用是（）。

A.传送动作电位B.合成蛋白C.接受其它神经元的输入D.接受外源营养我的答案：C4 [判断题] 神经元的大小形状基本一致。

（）我的答案： ×2.21 [单选题] 突触前膜囊泡的释放是由（）触发的。

一、单选题 (共30.00分)1.系列位置效应告诉我们，对一个记忆系列进行回忆时，对（）内容回忆效果最差。

A.前段B.中间段C.后段D.以上均不正确正确答案：B2.下列属于消极的文化心理倾向的是（）。

A.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天，窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。

B.行行重行行，与君生别离。

相去万余里，各在天一涯；道路阻且长，会面安可知！C.毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。

接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。

D.天街小雨润如酥，草色遥看近却无。

最是一年春好处，绝胜烟柳满皇都。

正确答案：B3.（）是人们对其生活质量所做的情感性和认知性的整体评价。

A.社会幸福观B.心理幸福感C.主观幸福感D.道德幸福感正确答案：C4.个体认为好的事情发生在自己身上的概率更高，而坏的事情发生在他人身上的概率更高，这种现象被称为（）。

A.风险的悲观偏差B.从众心理C.概率估计D.风险的乐观偏差正确答案：D5.人们会把在现实中客观等价的支出或收益在心理上划分到不同的账户中，根据资金的来源、资金的所在和资金的用途等因素对资金进行归类，这种现象被称为（）。

A.羊群行为B.从众心理C.沉没成本效应D.心理账户正确答案：D6.提倡积极进取、奋发有为的人生，向内修身养性，形成仁、义、礼、智、信的良好道德品质是（）价值观。

A.儒家B.道家C.佛教D.理性主义正确答案：A7.感觉精力枯竭是哪种压力信号？（）A.生理信号B.情绪信号C.思想信号D.行为信号正确答案：B8.下列现代文化著作，不具有积极的心理取向的是（）。

A.《曾国藩》B.《人性的弱点》C.《巴黎圣母院》D.《文化苦旅》正确答案：C9.根据巴甫洛夫的高级神经活动类型说，与强、平衡、灵活相对应的是下列那种气质类型（）。

A.多血质B.胆汁质C.抑郁质D.粘液质正确答案：A10.鲁迅说：不读（），不知中国文化，不知人生真谛，可见其在中国文化中的重要性。

A.《大学》B.《中庸》C.《论语》D.《道德经》正确答案：D11.人格四个特性中，最能反映人格是否健康的特征是（）。