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雅思小作文总结段怎么写范文【篇1】雅思小作文总结段怎么写范文在雅思小作文的征途中，总结段犹如一篇乐章的终曲，既要铿锵有力，又要余音绕梁。
它不仅是全文的收束，更是对前文信息的提炼与升华，需得精心雕琢，方能成就佳作。
以下，便是对雅思小作文总结段撰写的一次深度剖析，旨在以实例为引，为诸君揭示其撰写之奥秘。
首先，总结段需紧扣主题，如鹰击长空，直击要害。
在雅思小作文中，这往往意味着对图表或数据的核心信息进行再提炼，以一两句话概括全文主旨。
例如，在描述某城市近十年来交通流量变化的作文中，总结段可如此开篇：“综上所述，近十年来，该城市交通流量呈显著增长态势，尤以早晚高峰时段为甚。
”此言一出，全文主旨便跃然纸上。
其次，总结段应巧妙运用对比、归纳等修辞手法，使信息更加鲜明、有力。
对比，可凸显数据间的差异；归纳，则能提炼共性，深化主题。
如在一篇关于全球气候变化影响的作文中，总结段可如此写道：“对比过去与现在，全球气候变化已对生态环境造成了不可逆转的影响，海平面上升、极端天气频发等现象日益严峻，亟需全球共同努力应对。
”此句通过对比，将气候变化的严峻性展现得淋漓尽致。
再者，总结段还需适当加入个人见解或建议，以彰显文章的深度与广度。
这既是对前文信息的升华，也是对读者思考的引导。
在一篇关于教育投入与回报的作文中，总结段可如此收尾：“综上所述，教育投入与回报之间存在着密切的正相关关系。
因此，政府应加大对教育的投入力度，提高教育质量，以培养出更多高素质的人才，为国家的发展注入源源不断的动力。
”此言不仅总结了全文主旨，更提出了切实可行的建议，使文章更具现实意义。
最后，总结段的撰写还需注意语言的精炼与流畅。
切忌冗长啰嗦，应如行云流水般自然流畅。
同时，适当运用高级词汇与复杂句型，可使文章更加光彩照人。
如在一篇关于城市垃圾分类的作文中，总结段可如此表述：“总而言之，城市垃圾分类是一项系统工程，需要政府、企业和市民三方面的共同努力。
唯有如此，方能实现垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化处理，为城市的可持续发展奠定坚实基础。
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结写作是雅思考试的重要组成部分之一，掌握使用适当的逻辑关系词能够使文章结构更加清晰有序，逻辑关系更加紧密。
本文将总结一些常用的雅思写作逻辑关系词及其用法。
1. 表示因果关系的逻辑关系词因果关系是写作中常用的一种逻辑关系，以下是一些常用的表示因果关系的逻辑关系词。
首先，表示因果关系的逻辑关系词有"because"，"since"，"as"，"due to"等。
例如："Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to the party."（因为下大雨，我无法去参加派对。
）此外，也可以使用"so"，"thus"，"therefore"等逻辑关系词表示结果。
例如："He didn't study for the test, so he failed."（他没有为考试复习，所以他失败了。
）2. 表示递进关系的逻辑关系词递进关系是指一个观点或事实进一步加强了之前的观点或事实。
以下是一些常用的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。
首先是"moreover"，"furthermore"，"in addition"等。
例如："Moreover, the study also showed that regular exercise can improve mental health."（此外，这项研究还表明定期运动可以改善心理健康。
）另外，可以使用"not only... but also"这一结构来表达递进关系。
例如："Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French."（他不仅英语讲得流利，还会说法语。
雅思考试写作常用句型大总结【完整版】咱今儿就来唠唠这雅思考试写作常用句型啊。
我跟你说，以前我见那准备考雅思的娃们，一个个那紧张的劲儿哟，眼睛瞪得跟铜铃似的，天天抱着书本背啊记啊。
为啥呀？还不是怕写作的时候没词儿，没句型，写不出个所以然来。
就拿那开头段来说吧，咱得有个亮眼的开场，就跟唱戏似的，开场得把观众的眼给抓住。
比如说，“In recent years, the issue of... has attracted widespread attention.”你瞧瞧，这多干脆利落，一下子就把话题给引出来了。
咱就好比是那说书的，得先把这事儿给摆出来，让人家知道咱要说啥。
再说说这表达观点的句型。
有时候啊，咱得明确地把自己的想法亮出来，不能跟那小脚老太太似的，磨磨叽叽的。
像“From my perspective,...”或者“In my view,...”这就跟咱站在台上，拍着胸脯说：“我就这么看！”那气势得有，让人知道咱有主见。
还有啊，这列举例子的时候也有讲究。
比如说，“For example,...”“Take... as an example”就好像咱跟朋友聊天，为了说明个事儿，得举个实实在在的例子，让人家一听就明白。
我就记得有一回，我见一个娃写作文，那例子举得啊，跟那云里雾里似的，让人摸不着头脑。
咱可不能学他，得把例子举得明明白白的。
说到这对比的句型，那也少不了。
就好比咱看两个人打架，得看看谁强谁弱，有个比较不是。
像“Compared with...,...”“In contrast,...”这就能把事儿说得更清楚。
比如说咱要说城市和农村的生活，用这对比的句型一写，那差别一下子就出来了。
这因果关系的句型也重要得很呐。
为啥呢？因为咱说话办事儿都得有个前因后果，不能没头没脑的。
像“Because of...,...”“As a result,...”这就好比是一根线，把事儿的前前后后都串起来了。
雅思写作实用高分句型总结在雅思写作考试中，要求各位考生所表达的句子是多样的，而且要求有必须精确表达的实力。
今日我为大家总结了一些雅思写作高分句型，盼望能协助到各位考生在备考中多多积累，主要还是能敏捷的应用这些句型。
雅思写作管用高分句型总结1.状语前置所谓状语前置就是把状语(副词，介词短语，分词，不定式)放到句首。
考官会频繁运用这种语法构造，而许多考生却没有意识，这种句式通过一堆长句子中出现一个小短语，可以让句子产生长短结合的紧凑感，实例如下：1)Unfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society, are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement.2)Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills.3)Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be most important for achievinghappiness.4)As a result of media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.5)With the political will, such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce.2.句中插入短语和状语前置类似，长句子中间插入一个小短语，可以让句子读起来更轻松敏捷。
例： in 2011, the youth unemployment in UK: 20%; in Germany: 10%More than/ higher than (基础)用名词选项作主语：In 2011, the youth unemployment rate in the UKis more than german, with 20% and 10%, respectively.更精确：In 2011, the youth unemployment rate in theUKis two times higher than thatGermany, with 20% and 10%, respectively.用国家作主语：TheUKshared a higher proportion of youth unemployment thanGermany, with 20% and 10%, respectively.更精确：TheUKshared a two times higher proportion of youth unemployment thanGermany, with 20% and 10%, respectively.用数据作主语：In 2011, 20% young people in theUKgot unemployed, which was higher thanGermanywhere only 10% of them in the same situation.用特殊词汇：Overtake/exceed/outnumber（表达超过，主语常用名词选项表达的数量，请注意outnumber的用法）The number of unemployed youngster in theUKovertook/exceeded that inGermany, with 20% and 10%, respectively.Youngsters getting unemployed in theUKoutnumbered that inGermany, with 20% and 10%, respectively.用特殊句型（高分句型）：The number of unemployed youngsters in theUKconstituted 20%, which smaller proportion of young adults getting in the same situation inGermany, at 10%.用表达倍数的词汇：Double/triple/quadrupleBe xxx timesThe proportion of youth unemployment in theUKdoubled that inGermanyin 2011, with 20% and 10% respectively.句型变化： In 2011, the proportion of youth unemployment in the UK was 20%, which doubled the percentage in Germany(10%).The proportion of youth unemployment in theUKwas two times that inGermanyin 2011, with 20% and 10%, respectively.句型变化： In 2011, the proportion of youth unemployment in the UK was 20%, which was two times the percentage in Germany(10%).如何表达一组差距的静态数据：例句：The biggest difference was at the skilled vocational diploma, where 90% of men held this qualification, compared with only 10% of women.转化（换动词+复杂句型）：Men with a skilled vocational diploma largely outnumbered their female counterparts, which formed the biggest difference in the proportion of qualifications between men and women.转化（换动词+复杂句型）：The number of men with a skilled vocational diploma largely overtook that of their female counterparts, which formed the biggest difference between the proportions of men and women in their qualifications.如何做组内的两个数据对比？请参考C4T1表格，数据被分为老年组，夫妇组，单身组。
雅思写作大作文科技类话题素材总结1. 信息技术对教育的影响
- 网络教育的普及和便利性，为更多人提供了研究机会
- 在线教育平台让学生可以根据自己的节奏和需求研究
- 数字化教学工具可以提高学生的研究效果和兴趣
- 远程教育让教育资源得以共享，实现教育公平
2. 科技的创新和发展带来的益处
- 科技革命推动经济发展，创造就业机会
- 新兴科技行业可以带动其他相关行业的发展
- 科技创新可以提高生活质量，满足人们的需求
- 科技的应用改善工作条件，提高工作效率
3. 科技对环境的影响及可持续发展
- 科技的发展可以减少能源消耗和环境污染
- 可再生能源技术的应用有助于减少对传统能源的依赖
- 绿色科技创新可以提高资源利用效率
- 科技的应用可以监测和预测自然灾害，并采取相应的措施减少损失
4. 科技带来的挑战和风险
- 科技发展不平衡会造成数字鸿沟，增加贫富差距
- 科技滥用可能导致个人隐私泄露和信息安全问题
- 科技对传统行业和就业形势的冲击
- 科技发展可能引发伦理和道德问题的争议
5. 未来科技发展趋势
- 人工智能的普及和应用将深刻改变各行业和生活方式
- 互联网的发展将连接更多的人和设备
- 生物技术和医疗科技的进步将提高人类健康水平
- 可穿戴设备和智能家居将进一步融入日常生活
以上是关于科技类话题的一些素材总结，供参考使用。
希望对您的雅思写作大作文有所帮助！。
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Write your answer in a word processing program on your computer.The table below shows the results of a survey to find out what members of a city sports club think about the club's activities, facilities and opening hours.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make any comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.Club satisfaction survey tableThe table compares the opinions of male and female club members about the services provided by a city sports club.As can be seen from the responses that the male members are generally happy or satisfied with the range of activities at the club, with only 5% dissatisfied. In contrast, however, only about two-thirds of female members were positive about the activity range and almost a third were dissatisfied. The genders were more in agreement about the club facilities.Only 14% of women and 10% of men were unhappy with these, and the majority(64 and 63% respectively) was very positive. Finally, the femalerespondents were much happier with the club opening hours than their male counterparts. Almost three-quarters of them were very satisfied withthese hours and only 3% were unhappy, whereas nearly 40% of the men expressed their dissatisfaction.Overall, the table indicates that female members are most unhappy with the range of activities, while male members feel that opening hours are the least satisfactory aspect of the club. 170You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph shows the percentage of men and women employed in executive positions in ACME Oil Company from 1993 to June 1994.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown in the graph.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make any comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.officer grade E officer grade D officer grade C officer grade B officergrade AThe bar graph compares the proportions of men and women in executive positions in the ACME Oil Company for 12 months from June to June 1994.According to the graph, approximately 72% of the workers in the lowest executive positions of Grade E are women. This is the highest percentage of women in any managerial positions in this company. In contrast thelowest proportion of men, about 29%, is found in this category. As the executive positions get higher, the percentage of women decreases. This trend continues throughout the graph. The least difference between the percentage of men and women is found in category of officer Grade C, which is the middle managerial position. Here women represent 45% and men 55%.In highest executive position of Grade A, women only represent 8% of the employees, while 92% of these positions are taken by men.In conclusion, the men occupy a greater percentage of high executive positions in this company. In fact, the higher the executive position, the higher the percentage of men represented in the category. In comparison women’s representation is in a reverse position so that the higher the executive job category, the lower the percentage of women to be found.The information given here does not give reasons for this trend, yet it would be interesting for the company to examine why a high percentage of women employees occupy the lower status positions. 234。
Line graph:1. introduction2. summary3. details1（起点比较-描写趋势直到关键点）4. details2（关键点后的一般趋势-终点比较）summary1.总规律+最显著的曲线特征It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK fell considerably between 1990 and 2007. The most dramatic decrease was seen in the electricity, gas and water supply sector.2.杂乱曲线倍数或排序关系It is clear that Canada exported more wheat than Australia and the European Community for most of the period shown. However, while Canada's wheat exports fluctuated and Australia's fell, wheat exports from the European Community rose steadily.DetailsIn 1990, around 3.3 million tonnes of acid rain emissions came from the electricity, gas and water sector. The transport and communication sector was responsible for about 0.7 million tonnes of emissions, while the domestic sector produced around 0.6 million tonnes. Just over 2 million tonnes of acid rain gases came from other industries.Emissions from electricity, gas and water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5 million tonnes in 2007, a drop of almost 3 million tonnes. While acid rain gases from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually, the transport sector saw a small increase in emissions, reaching a peak of 1 million tonnes in 2005.Process diagram:1. introduction2. summary3. details1（一般用被动）4. details2introductionThe picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market.summary描述步骤,抓主要特征（introduction和overview很短可以合在一起写）1.It is clear that there are ___ distinct stages in this process, beginning with ______.The final __steps show________.2.The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.Details(first,then,at the sixth stage,next,after that,finally)Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the fields. These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee granules. At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting mixture is strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules. Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops.Bar chart:1. introduction2. summary(比较数据的分类或者最大数最小数)3. details1(位列前二的数)4. details2（其他数可以一并概括）summary1. It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures.2. It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest. Employer support is more commonly given to younger students.Details具体数字最大值+second A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took place on demand-response transport services. These figures were nearly three times as high as those for the second highest category, bus services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on buses.Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light rail trains equalled the figure recorded for buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such events than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were even less likely to experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17 injuries occurred on commuter trains.Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study purely out of interest. The gap between these two proportions narrows as students get older, and the figures for those in their forties are the same, at about 40%. Students aged over 49 overwhelmingly study for interest (70%) rather than for professional reasons (less than 20%).Just over 60% of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers. By contrast, the 30-39 age group is the most self-sufficient, with only 30% being given time off and help with fees. The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and for those aged 50 or more.Table:1. introduction2. summary(比较数据的分类或者最大数最小数)3. details1（每行每列最大数最小数/变化最大的数）4. details2（倍数对比或大小比较---middles数据）summary1.从列举的比较对象描述+数据排序前几名The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use them each year. It is clear that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems.2.最大值+最大区别It is clear that people in the UK spend more time sleeping than doing any other daily activity. Also, there are significant differences between the time spent by men and women on employment/study and housework.3.最大最小（比例描述）It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco. On the other hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table.Details1.最大数（不用再提顺序）+第二On average, men and women in the UK sleep for about 8 hours per day. Leisure takes up the second largest proportion of their time.2.具体数字对比Men spend 5 hours and 25 minutes doing various leisure activities, such as watching TV or doing sport, while women have 4 hours and 53 minutes of leisure time.2.倍数对比/大小比较（顺序不用提）It is noticeable that men work or study for an average of 79 minutes more than women every day. By contrast, women spend 79 minutes more than men doing housework, and they spend over twice as much time looking after children.最大值Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%. The proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at 4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries.最小值It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over 5% respectively. Spain had slightly higher figures for these categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%. Pies（三个及以上相似图形）1. introduction5. summary（最大最小比例或其余总概括）6. details1（按照划分部分进行对比）7. details2introduction：The pie charts compare the proportion of carbohydrates, protein and fat in three different diets, namely an average diet, a healthy diet, and a healthy diet for sport.summary1. 找出最大区别及共性It is clear that Italy had the older population in the year 2000,and that the same is predicted for the year 2050. The populations of both countries are expected to age over the fifty-year period.2. It is noticeable that sportspeople require a diet comprising a significantly higherproportion of carbohydrates than an average diet or a healthy diet. The average diet contains the lowest percentage of carbohydrates but the highest proportion of protein.DetailsCarbohydrates make up 60% of the healthy diet for sport. This is 10% higher than the proportion of carbohydrates in a normal healthy diet, and 20% more than the proportion in an average diet. On the other hand, people who eat an average diet consume a greater relative amount of protein (40%) than those who eat a healthy diet (30%) and sportspeople (25%).The third compound shown in the charts is fat. Fat constitutes exactly fifth of both the average diet and the healthy diet, but the figure drops to only 15% for the healthy sports diet.Expenditure on resources (e.g. books) had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period. In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from 2% to 8% by 2001.饼图占比：描述多样化，不重要的可以总的概括，可用短句，图例可以写进去In an average English home, the largest proportion of electricity, 52.5%, is used for heating rooms and water. Three kitchen appliances, namely ovens, kettles and washing machines, account for 17.5% of household electricity use. The remaining 30% of electricity is used for lighting, televisions and radios (15%), and vacuum cleaners, food mixers and electric tools (15%).9Test3: The pie charts compare the proportions of people falling into three distinct age groups in Yemen and Italy in two different years.It is clear that Italy had the older population in the year 2000, and that the same is predicted for the year 2050. The populations of both countries are expected to age over the fifty-year period.In the year 2000,just over half of the population of Yemen was aged 14 or under, while most Italians (61.6%) fell into the 15 to 59 age group, and only 14.3% were children under 15 years of age. People aged 60 or over accounted for almost a quarter of the Italian population, but only 3.6% of the inhabitants of Yemen.By 2050, the proportion of children under 15 is predicted to drop in both countries, most noticeably in Yemen where the figure is expected to fall by 13.1%. On the other hand, the figures for elderly people are expected to rise, by 2.1% in Yemen and a massive 18.2% in Italy. Finally, it is anticipated that the 15 to 59 age group will grow by around 10% in Yemen, but shrink by around 15% in Italy.Line+table（两种不同的图形）1. Introduction2. Summary （每个图表的特征，有联系的要进行比较）3. Details14. Details2。
雅思写作话题分类汇总
《雅思写作话题分类汇总》
雅思写作考试中，话题多样，涉及的范围广泛，考生需要熟悉各种不同类型的写作话题，并能够对其进行分类和总结。
本文将按照不同的话题类型进行分类汇总，为考生提供参考和备考。
1. 教育类话题
教育类话题是雅思写作中的常见话题之一，涉及学校教育、家庭教育、教育资源分配等方面。
在面对这类话题时，考生需要对教育的重要性、教育资源的合理配置、教育制度的改革等进行深入思考和论证。
2. 环境类话题
环境类话题关注环境保护、资源利用、生态平衡等问题，考生需要探讨环境问题对人类生活的影响，提出环境保护的重要性，以及解决环境问题的方法和措施等。
3. 社会类话题
社会类话题涉及社会问题、社会关系、社会对个人的影响等方面，如贫富差距、犯罪问题、家庭关系等。
考生需要对社会问题进行深入分析，探讨对社会问题的看法以及解决社会问题的措施等。
4. 科技类话题
科技类话题关注科技发展、科技创新、科技对社会生活的影响等方面，对考生的科技素养和科技意识提出了一定的要求。
考生需要对科技的利与弊以及科技对社会未来的影响进行深入思考和讨论。
5. 健康类话题
健康类话题关注人们的身体健康、饮食习惯、运动方式等问题。
考生需要探讨健康的重要性，提出保持健康的方法和建议，以及现代生活方式对健康的影响等。
以上就是一些常见的雅思写作话题分类，考生在备考时可以根据不同话题分类进行系统地准备，以便更好地应对考试中的写作任务。
希望考生能够在备考过程中充分准备，取得理想的成绩。
雅思写作分论点句型总结1.因为/所以句型：for the reason that ... (=therefore)，因为...的原因，从...的角度来看。
2.重要性：It is important /significant that ... （重要性），此事之所以重要，是因为...3.比较：compared with other similar events，与其他相似的事件相比较，此事件的重要性或意义是什么。
4.例子：For example，举例来说，例如...5.相关性：There is a strong relationship between ... （两者之间），两者具有很大的关联性。
6.因果关系：As a result，结果是，因为... (=because)，由于... (=as a result of)，因此...7.对比：compared with others，与其他人相比，此事件的特点和重要性是什么。
8.最佳证据：The best evidence available so far suggests that ... （到目前为止所获得的最佳证据表明...）9.数据统计：According to statistics，根据统计数据显示，据统计...10.引言：In the first place，首先，其一，首先...11.定义：Define what it is to ... （定义），给... 下定义。
12.解释说明：To explain what is meant by ...，用...来解释说明。
13.举例：To illustrate how ... (=to give an example of)，用... 来举例说明。
14.比较对照：In comparison，与...相比较，此事件的特点和重要性是什么。
15.建议：I suggest that ... (=I suggest that we do something)，我建议...。
IELTS Task2Session7Science and TechnologyRelevant tasks20070310手机和电脑With the increasing use of mobile phones and computers,less people tend to write letters.Some people even think the skill of writing letters will disappear completely.To what extent do you agree or disagree?How important do you think letter writing is?20070524现代通讯工具Someone believes that modern telecommunication devices have many benefits to human,while others think otherwise.What is your opinion?Please discuss and use examples to support your own ideas.20070331网上购物It is now possible to perform everyday tasks,such as bank transaction, shopping or even office works,without meeting people face to face.What are the effects it may have on individuals and the society as a whole?2008-6-28现代通讯科技对老人的作用(**后附范文)Mobile phones and the internet are very useful.However,it is rare for the old people to use them.In what ways can mobile phones and the internet be useful to the old people?What could be done to encourage the old people to use mobile phones and the internet?2008-7-12农业科技Some support development in agriculture,such as farming industry,creation of new types of fruit and vegetables.Others disprove.Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009年1月10日科技扩大贫富差距Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people.Others think it is having an opposite effect.Discuss these points of view.What is your opinion?Mobile phones have changed the way many people communicate.Nowadays people can not live without them if they want to be a part of society.To what extent do you think this is true?Why do you think some people haven’t adapted to this type of communication? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from yourown knowledge or experience.Sample essaysThe money spent on space research has brought enormous benefits to mankind,but it could be more usefully applied.How far do you agree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. The question of whether money could be more usefully applied to solve the problems around the world rather than spent it on space research is a very controversial issue and now it is a matter of wide public concern.There are people on both sides of the argument.Many people believe that money should be spent to solve food crisis in Africa and South Asia.Drought for example,left Africa with famine.Many children in that area die of hunger or suffer from malnutrition.Similarly,there is also the global issue of AIDS.Although there are numerous factors in the spread of AIDS,it is largely recognized as a disease of poverty.Medicine,for example, are very expensive and the government in poor countries can not afford to treat the disease,therefore millions are dying,while in rich countries people are living longer.There are,however,some people oppose the former argument.They claim that space research has bought enormous benefits to mankind;Recently, NASA has launched satellites for weather and climate,which will give the scientists a unique view of the earth’s atmosphere，helping them to improve their abilities to forecast weather and predict climate change.From what has been discussed above we may draw the conclusion that both views have their merits.Although human life has priority in our societies advanced research should be carried out in order to find other source of energy,water on other planet and to understand the planets and its effect on earth for the benefits of all.Mobile phones and the internet are very useful.However,it is rare for the old people to use them.In what ways can mobile phones and the internet be useful to the old people?What could be done to encourage the old people to use mobile phones and the internet?It is obvious that advanced technologies such as cell phones or the net not only bring a lot of fun to youngsters who are always passionate to new things, but also have an important effect on the life of senior citizens who would like to keep the pace of time.Today,mobile phones are increasingly popular with old people.Unlike young people who fancy playing games or taking photos with phones,they seem to be most interested in their most basic function–communication.It is easily found that keeping in touch by mobiles with their children who live independently or study overseas has become a necessary part of their life. Plus,if some of old people feel physically uncomfortable or get in danger outdoors and alone,they immediately make an emergency call or inform their relatives or friends using mobile phones.The Internet is equally important with mobile phone in old people’s life now. Apparently,some elderly tend to surf on Internet,studying something that they like such as painting,calligraphy and so forth;some like to meet new people online or chat with their friends by communication tools on Internet such as MSN or OICQ;others even get used to shopping online.However,I must admit that some old people are afraid to try new technologies probably because they have not yet understood or experienced them.To avoid this,they should be encouraged to take part in some activities that are held in their community which educate them about how to use or see the new technologies.In the meanwhile,they should be encouraged to be more confident.Nowadays more and more work can be done by machines instead of hands.Doyou think its positive impact on the development outweighs its negative impact on individuals or society?It is doubtless that machinery poses a significant effect on modern society, either on an individual or social level.However,when it comes to whether its positive effects outweigh the negative ones,opinions tend to vary.This essay aims to explore the issue from different perspectives and draw some suggestive conclusions.No one can deny the fact that modern machinery brings tremendous convenience and benefits to our lives With inventions such as computers and mobile phones,people can conduct their business without meeting each other face to face,thus improving working efficiency,saving time and energy and gaining more leisure time of their own.Invention of the Internet leads to an even bigger revolution both in people's lifestyles and the developing pattern of the whole society.Because of E-banking,E-trading and on-line shopping,People don’t necessarily have to get what they needed in supermarket or met their business partner in person Moreover,they can sit comfortably at home instead of going to the office as all the business can be performed on-line,which also reduce the potential risk of traffic congestion,urban air pollution and petrol use.At the same time,however,one must realize the negative effects by these modern tools.Mobiles,for instance,may be annoying as people tend to speak at an increased volume over phone.Moreover,frequent use of mobile phones may lead to certain type of cancers and also drivers may be faced with a higher risk of crash as some of them get increasingly used to talking on the phone while driving.Internet also steals people of the time to perform leisure and recreational activities,making people become socially isolated and suffer serious loss of vision,back pain and obesity.In addition,the large amount of information on line deprives them of the ability of think creatively,as the only thing they need to do is absorb what is on line,thus becoming passive receivers rather than active thinkers.Some on-line games and TV shows may even contain a violent element which distracts teenagers away from their study and become potential criminals of our society.To conclude,modern machinery brings both positive and negative effect on people's living.However,as sensible individuals in this society,we need to make effective use of the great convenience it brings and try to minimize the potential risks from this progress.Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives.But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they have created.To what extent do you agree or disagree?We sure live differently from our parents did decades ago.The changes are wide and profound.At the same time,we are facing challenges and problems unknown in the past.Could we find solutions to problems created by scientific development?The answer seems to be no.Some of the most obvious problems caused by technological advances lie in the IT industry.At a time when we did not have computers and electronic bank services,people took money with them and paid by cash.If they were stolen,only the amount they had with them was lost.But now creditcards are more commonly used in shopping malls and other places.Greater loss to the owner would be likely if they were stolen.Crimes such as this are very difficult to solve.Another example is the issue of information control with the media industry including TV networks and Internet which offers countless information to people of all ages.This has created a huge problem for parents and schools because teenage people may easily suffer the impact of violence or pornography in media.In the past,when most information was in the form of print,it was relatively easy to control what children read.People are working very hard to solve such problems that come along with advances in science and technology,but the efforts are not very successful. Even with the little progress we have achieved,we often regretfully find that more new problems are coming out.In conclusion,developments in science and technology have brought us both benefits and problems.It is pity that up until now,we have not successfully found permanent solutions to the problems.Writing Bank基本词汇advanced science尖端科学scientific invention科学发明technical innovation科技创新sustainable development可持续性发展scientific exploration科学探索artificial intelligence人工智能space exploration/space research太空研究air travel航空旅行sophisticated equipment尖端设备alternative fuel可替代燃料environmentally-friendly resources环保的能源nuclear weapon核武器scientific achievement科学成就scientific instrument科学仪器renewable energy sources可再生资源make progress取得进步milestone里程碑an inevitable trend不可避免的趋势see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展optimize优化科技进步的正面影响exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响pave the way for the future development为未来的发展铺平道路promote relative industries促进相关产业发展lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础overcome difficulties克服困难speedy and comfortable既快捷又舒适lower the costs降低成本lower the risks降低风险increase productivity提高生产力improve the working efficiency提高工作效率improve the quality of life提高生活质量make people’s life easier使人们生活更方便a sense of national pride民族自豪感give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展科技进步的负面影响double-edged sword双刃剑pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁exhaust gas废气disastrous灾难性的a fatal breakdown致命故障potential hazards潜在危险ExercisesRead the Task2question below.Then do the exercises followed. Portable entertainment devices,such as MP3or DVD-players,which allow people to listen to music or watch films on the move,are now commonplace. What do you think the main advantages and disadvantages of this development are?1.Make a list of your ideas.Advantages Disadvantages2.Decide whether each idea below is an advantage or a disadvantage.Which entertainment devices would you associate them with?a It helps people to relax.b It allows people greater freedom.c It reduces communication.d It makes life more enjoyable.e It makes entertainment more accessible everywhere.f It makes people more isolated.g It is a nuisance for other travellers.h It makes people less sociable.plete each sentence a-f with a word from the following.1.These devices bring a number of _________________2.The main one,in my opinion,is that they_____________people relax,forexample,while they are studying or working in cafes or on trains.3.Some people find it ____________to do so when it is completely quietoutside their homes4.So these devices ____________people to relax and create a familiarenvironment.5.Sometimes,however,they do _____________with others if the volume istoo high,hence the quiet zones in many trains.6.Nevertheless,laptops,etc are_____________,because they allow peopleto do things where they want to rather than being restricted to working at home.The paragraph below is taken from a similar plete the paragraph with words from the box.The main drawback is,in my opinion,quite obvious.Take 1_________people ofall ages who are travelling on trains nowadays.2_________they are reading,they are plugged into the radio,talking on their mobiles,or listening to music on their MP3-players.3__________,others are playing games,watching a film,and working simultaneously,even 4__________they have friends next to them help difficult interfere enable benefits idealeven if likewise for example though consequently and althoughto talk to.5__________this allows people greater freedom and flexibility6____________takes away the boredom of journeys,people are becoming moreand more isolated in their own worlds.7________,the art of communication is being lost.ConcessionLook at the following sentences1.Although the vast majority of electronic devices are very useful,they are alsohighly annoying.2.despite being highly annoying,the vast majority of electronic gadgets are veryusefulWhich word introduces the concession in each case?Which sentence emphasizes the advantage?Complete sentences1-5with the following wordsNevertheless however despite although but1.__________listening to music on CDs is very pleasant;it is not as good asa live concert.2.Documentaries are invaluable sources of knowledge,___________theyneed to be entertaining as well as informative.3.___________the large numbers of tourists,ancient buildings and templesare still inspiring places to visit.4.Sculptures can make gardens and public spaces attractive__________,they are expensive to look after.5.Arts exhibitions show the public artifacts they would not normally see,______________at a price.。
