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金属材料对于一个机械工程师，不管他对工程材料是否有趣，严重地忽视工程材料领域是不可想象的。
一个新的工程师在他的专业中首先要学的事情之一是，缺少合适的工程材料，缺少可用的材料的的知识，会给工程设计带来极大的局限性。
所以，有必要给机械工程师提供常见的结构材料的机械特性这样的基本知识。
然而，它也成为最难学的课程之一，因为它多变的性质和对经验极强的依赖性。
我们目前对材料科学理论的理解还不够完善。
现代工业需要相当多数量的金属，这些金属中最重要的一个是铁。
然而，铁在纯状态下没什么用处，但是当与其他物质结合成各种各样的合金后，它就成为了用处很广的工程材料。
包含铁的金属与一些其它的物质结合之后就叫做黑色金属，例如钢。
含有少量碳的钢比含有很高百分比碳的钢要软，这个百分比能达到大约 1.5%的极限。
一定量的有色金属，包括铝和铜，也是重要的，但是即便今天大多数的工程产品仍然是铁制或者钢制的。
在这里，我们下面将要描述一些有代表性的金属。
（1）钢：钢是建立在铁和少量的通常少于1%的碳基础上的合金。
一些其它的合金元素为了特定用途，经常被添加到钢中。
由于钢的高模量和低成本，它成为了使用最普遍的工程材料。
模量在结构应用中最重要的参数之一。
钢其它吸引人的特性是高强度和易于加工。
有许多等级的钢用于各种各样的用途。
依据它们的化学成分来分类。
市面上销售的钢和它们的利用可以分为接下来的几组。
a)碳素钢是最便宜的一种钢。
它主要用于结构目的。
在商业上使用的形式是条状、板状、管状等。
b)高强度钢是低合金钢，用于碳素钢不能满足强度要求的结构中。
c)合金钢比碳素钢有更好的淬透性。
它们通常用于机械零件，但是很少用于结构目的，因为成本的增加。
d)高强度钢是有着超高强度的合金钢。
这些钢用于需要高强度的应用，例如飞机的起落架，涡轮机轴等。
e)不锈钢是有着含量超过12%铬的高合金钢。
不锈钢用于腐蚀发生的地方。
f)工具钢是钨或者钼作为主要合金元素的高合金钢。
材料工程专业英语材料material; stock; stuff材料安排arrangement of materials材料百分比法materials percentage method材料搬运分析materials handling analysis材料搬运设备materials handlinng equipment材料编码material class number材料变换率material change rate材料标准materials standard; specification for materials材料标准成本materials standard costs材料标准化materials standardization材料表bill of materials; material list; schedule of materials; stock list 材料不均匀性discontinuity of materials材料采购策略materials purchase strategy材料参数material parameter材料差额记录balance of stores record材料差异materials variances材料产量差异material yield variance材料场yard of material材料车material car材料成本cost of material; material cost材料成本法materials cost method材料成本预算materials cost budget材料成分分析表material composition sheet; mill sheet材料成分化验material composition test材料储备material stock材料储备量batch pile材料储量material storage材料处理反应堆material processing reactor材料单material bill材料弹性极限elastic limit of material材料的不均匀性discontinuity of material材料的储备定量normal fixed quantity of materials stock材料的弹性极限elastic limit of materials材料的堆筑与整平casting and blading of materials材料的耗费inventory charge材料的化学分析material composition test材料的经济储备定量normal standard quantity of material stock材料的可靠性reliability of material材料低估整理material under-valuation adjusted材料调拨material transfer材料调查material survey; material investigation材料调剂material adjustment材料调整stores adjustment材料堆bing材料堆放placing of material材料防水material waterproofing材料非线性material nonlinearity材料废料日报表daily materials and spoilage report材料费material cost; materials expenses材料费上涨系数escalating coefficient of material price 材料分类materials classification材料分类帐stores ledger材料分配materials allocation材料分配单distribution sheet of stores材料分析material analysis材料分析资料material analysis data材料辐射探伤radiomateriology材料复验retest of materials材料高估整理material over-valuation adjusted材料工程力学engineering mechanics of material材料工程手册materials engineering manual材料工业material industry材料工艺学materials technology材料供应处material supply department材料管理material management材料规范书material specifications材料规格specification for materials材料规格手册materials specification manual材料含量监控器on-line analyzer材料函数material function材料耗损汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials 材料耗用material consumption材料耗用标准materials usage standards材料耗用差异materials usage variance材料耗用汇总表materials used summary sheet材料耗用价格差异materials usage price variance材料号material number材料核算material accounting材料核算余额法balance method of stores accounting材料和工作日的日程安排materials and work schedule 材料和能源供应源materials and energy pool材料合格证materials certificate材料滑槽material chute材料化学materials chemistry材料化学分析material chemical analysis材料回收率material yield rate材料会计store ledger clerk材料汇总帐materials summary材料击穿material breakdown材料基金stock fund; stores fund材料机械性能mechanical performance of material材料集体制度marshalling system材料及投入物成本cost of materials and inputs材料计划成本差异planned cost variance of materials; variance from planned cost of materials 材料计划联络人coordinator of materials planning材料计划制度materials planning system材料记号material mark材料记录余额balance of stores records材料加工material processing材料价格标准material price standard材料价格表material price list材料价格差异materials price variance材料价格差异分析analysis of material price variance材料价格差异率materials price variance ratio材料检验examination of material材料检验学materiology材料检验员inspector of material材料鉴别material identification材料交换stores swap材料结构差异material mix variance材料进出闸material lock材料经济学economics of materials; material economy材料具领单materials reradiate材料卡片material cards; material subsidiary ledger; stock card材料科material supply section材料科学materials science材料可混用性material compatibility材料可靠性reliability of material材料控制material control材料控制卡materials control card材料控制帐户materials control account材料库material storage材料老化试验室material aging laboratory材料类别号码material class number材料类型material type材料利用率material utilization; ratio to material used; stock utilization材料力学material mechanics; mechanics of material; resistance of materials; strength of materials材料力学理论theory of mechanics of materials; theory of strength of materials材料连续结存单perpetual inventory sheet材料流程单track sheet材料率materials rate材料明细表material list材料磨损过程progress of material wear材料牌号material trademark材料盘点单stores inventory sheet材料批号material charge number材料疲劳fatigue of materials材料疲劳试验fatigue test of materials材料品种description of materials材料平衡表material balance sheet材料强度materials strength材料强度科学science of strength for materials材料强度实验室laboratory of materials strength材料强度学strength of materials材料切除率material-removal rate材料清单material bill材料缺陷fault in material; material defect材料韧性toughness of material材料散射material scattering材料色散material dispersion材料色散波长material dispersion wavelength材料色散参数material dispersion parameter材料色散系数material dispersion coefficient材料烧蚀material ablation材料试验material testing; testing of materials材料试验反应堆materials testing reactor材料试验方法method of testing materials材料试验机machine for material testing; material testing machine材料试验室material testing laboratory材料数量标准material quantity standard材料数量差异分析analysis of materials quantity variance材料数量分析material quantity analysis材料数值孔径material numerical aperture材料碎片material fragment材料损害damage of materials; material breakage; material damage; material wastage; spillage of material材料损耗spillage of material; material breakage材料损耗汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials材料损耗率material wastage rate材料损失率materials loss rate材料特性material characteristics材料特性表达material characterization材料物理学materials physics; physics of materials材料吸收material absorption材料相容性material compatibility材料消费价格差异materials usage price variance材料消耗material consumption; material wastage材料消耗成本cost of raw materials used材料消耗定额material consumption rate; materials consumption quota; materials consumption norm; norm for materials consumed材料消耗量consumption of materials; material spending amount材料消耗率materials consumption rate材料消耗综合定额comprehensive materials consumption quota材料效率差异material efficiency variance 材料型流程程序图materials type flow process chart材料修订material revision材料需要量material requirement材料许可损耗率wastage allowance材料选择stock option材料学material science材料验收acceptance of materials材料验收报告material examination and acceptance report材料样品material sample材料要求material requirements材料因素material factor材料用量比率material usage ratio材料有关成本material related costs材料余额簿excess materials ledger; stores balance book材料与制品鉴定certification of materials and products材料预算material budget材料预算价格material price for estimation材料预算控制法materials budget control method材料原因material cause材料源material source材料支架stock support材料指标material index材料制备material preparation材料中缺陷的认可approval of defects in material材料周转率materials turnover材料装卸设备material handling equipment材料总登记簿master stock book材料阻尼material damping材料组合combination of materials材料作价evaluating materials建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.)建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.)建筑模数building module建筑配景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑外形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation建筑物间距distance between buildings建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction建筑限制building restriction建筑限制线building restiction line建筑效果architectural effect建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture建筑用地building lot; building site; lot建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder施工道路construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工人员constructor; builder施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general description of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase 施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工误差construction error施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's licence施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's licence施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总则general conditions of construction施工组织设计construction management plan施工作业计划work element construction program项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items项目分析item analysis项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup项目划分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation项目计划project plan项目计划设计图project planning chart项目记录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve项目建设费用cost of project implementation项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project 项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system项目生产project production项目说明item description项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project项目图与布置图project charts and layouts项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语) 质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard质量保证制度quality certification system质量比mass ratio质量比电阻mass specific resistance质量变坏debase质量标度mass scale质量标志quality mark质量标准quality level; quality specification; quality standard质量不灭定律law of conservation of mass质量不平衡mass unbalance质量不足mass deficiency质量参数mass parameter; quality parameters质量测定mass measurement; quality determination质量测定系统quality measurement system质量测量mass measurement质量层化mass loss segregation质量差价quality price differentials质量差异mass discrepancy质量产额mass yield质量产额分布mass-yield distribution质量产额曲线mass yield curve质量成本quality cost质量传递mass transmission; mass transport; mass transfer质量传递机理mass transport mechanism质量传递系数coefficient of mass transfer质量单位unit of mass; mass units质量弹簧缓冲器组合mass-spring dashpot combination; mass-spring-dashpot combination 质量弹簧系统mass-spring system质量弹簧阻尼器体系mass-spring-dashpot system质量弹性特性mass-elastic characteristics质量当量mass equivalent质量倒数reciprocal mass质量的米制技术单位metric-technical unit of mass (TME)质量的相对论性变化relativistic change in mass质量的相对论性增加relativistic increase of mass质量等级quality grade质量等级因素grade factors质量低劣bum; inferiority of quality; inferior quality质量低劣的bum质量第一quality first质量电感模拟mass-inductance analogy质量电阻率mass resistivity质量定律mass law质量发光度半径关系mass-luminosity-radius relation质量反应性系数mass coefficient of reactivity质量范围mass range质量方程mass equation质量分辨本领mass resolution质量分布mass distribution质量分布函数mass function质量分光计mass spectrometer质量分类试验attribute testing质量分离mass separation质量分离器mass separator; mass-separator质量分散mass dispersion质量分析mass analysis; quality analysis质量分析离子动能度谱术mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry质量分析器mass analyzer质量分析仪mass-synchrometer质量丰度mass abundance质量峰mass peak质量辐合mass convergence质量辐散mass divergence质量辐射阻止本领mass radiative stopping power质量幅度quality latitude质量负载mass loading质量改善剂modifying agent; quality booster质量工程quality engineering质量公式mass formula质量管理quality control; quality management质量管理检验quality control check质量管理系统quality control system质量管理制度quality control system质量惯性矩mass mement of inertia质量规格quality requirement; quality standard; specification of quality 质量过大恒星overmassive star质量过滤器mass filter质量过剩mass excess质量函数mass function; quality function质量和可靠性目标quality and reliability objective质量合格标准acceptable quality level质量合格证certification of fitness质量厚度mass thickness质量换算因子mass conversion factor质量集中分析qualitative investigation质量级quality-class质量计量学qualimetry质量监测台monitoring desk质量监督quality monitoring质量监视控制台quality monitor console质量检测器mass detector质量检查quality inspection质量检查科quality control division (QCD)质量检查证明书quality inspection certificate质量检定quality arbitration质量检验quality control surveillance; quality test; quality inspection 质量检验标准quality control standards (QCS)质量检验器quality checker质量减损mass decrement质量鉴定试验qualification test (QT)质量鉴定试验程序qualification test procedure质量鉴定试验规范qualification test specification质量交换速度mass-transfer rate质量交换系数mass transfer coefficient质量矩moment of mass质量矩阵mass matrix质量抗mass reactance质量壳mass shell质量可靠性保证quality reliability assurance质量控制mass control; quality monitoring; quality control 质量控制标准quality control specification质量控制传感器quality control pick-up质量控制等级quality control level质量控制电动扬声器mass-controlled dynamic loudspeaker 质量控制计划quality control planning质量控制检查quality control checking质量控制可靠性quality control reliability质量控制手册quality control manual质量控制数据quality control data质量控制体系quality control system质量控制图quality control chart质量控制系统quality control system质量控制振荡器mass-controlled oscillator质量亏损mass loss; mass defect质量扩散mass diffusion质量扩散率mass diffusivity质量累积检测器mass integral detector质量灵敏值mass sensitive quantity; mass-sensitive quantity 质量瘤mascon质量流动mass flow质量流动连续条件condition of mass flow continuity质量流动速度mass velocity质量流动学说mass flow theory质量流过速率mass rate of flow质量流控制mass flow control质量流量flow mass; mass flow; mass flow rate质量流量比mass flow ratio质量流量常数mass flow constant质量流量方程mass flow equation质量流量计mass flowmeter质量流量控制器mass flow controller质量流量率mass rate of flow质量流量敏感性检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 质量流量扰动mass-flowrate perturbation质量流量系数mass flow coefficient质量流量压差关系mass flow pressure-difference relation 质量流率mass flowrate质量密度mass density; specific mass质量密集mascon质量面mass surface质量面积比mass area ratio质量敏感分离器mass sensitive deflector质量能量传递系数mass energy transfer coefficient质量能量换算系数mass energy conversion coefficient质量浓度mass concentration质量判据quality criteria质量抛射mass ejection质量碰撞阻止本领mass collission stopping power质量偏差mass deviation质量平衡mass balance质量平均值mass average value质量评定grade estimation; qualitative assessment; quality evaluation; qualification; merit rating质量迁移率mass-transfer rate质量趋势quality trends质量曲线figure-of-merit curve; mass curve; mass diagram质量全息术mass holograghy质量缺陷mass defect质量燃烧速率mass burning rate质量散度mass divergence质量散射系数mass scattering coefficient质量色谱法mass chromatography质量色谱分析mass chromatographic analysis质量实质quality entity质量试验quality test质量试验规范quality test schedule质量试验器quality tester质量守恒mass conservation; conservation of mass质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律方程equation of mass conservation质量守恒方程mass conservation equation质量守恒原理principle of mass conservation质量输运mass transport质量数mass number; unclear number; nucleon number质量数标度mass scale质量数测定mass assignment质量数指示器mass marker质量衰减mass attenuation质量衰减系数mass attenuation coefficient质量双线mass doublet质量说明书quality specification质量速度mass velocity质量速度比mass-velocity ratio质量算符mass operator质量碎片法mass fragmentography (MF)质量碎片谱法mass fragmentography质量损失mass loss质量损失率mass loss rate质量特性quality characteristic; quality coefficient质量通量mass flux质量统计检验statistical quality control质量温度关系mass-temperature relation质量稳定性评价标准quality retention rating质量吸收mass absorption质量吸收系数mass absorption coefficient质量吸收效应mass-absorption effect质量系数mass coefficient; mass factor; quality factor质量限额mass limit质量响应mass-basis response质量项mass term质量小恒星undermassive star质量效果mass effect质量效应mass effect质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector质量性状qualitative character; quality character质量循环速度mass circulation velocity质量压力mass pressure质量要求prescription; quality requirements质量遗传qualitative genetics; qualitative inheritance质量移动姿态控制系统mass-motion attitude control system; mass-shifting attitude control system质量因数factor of quality质量因数计Q-meter质量因素quality factor质量因素比quality factor ratio质量因子factor of merit质量引力mass attraction质量引力垂线mass attraction vertical质量优良的小客车quality car质量再循环率mass recirculation质量增加mass addition质量甄别mass discrimination质量诊断quality diagnostics质量证明certificate of quality质量指标qualitative index; quality index; quality indicator; quality target质量指南quality guideline质量指示器mass indicator; mass marker质量指数quality index number质量中位直径mass median diameter质量中心centre of mass; mass center; mass centroid; centroid; center of mass质量中心轴线centroidal axis质量重整化mass renormalization质量转移mass transfer质量转移反应mass-transfer reaction质量转移理论mass transfer theory质量阻止本领mass stopping power质量组分mass component质量作用mass action质量作用定律mass action law; law of mass action质量作用效应mass action effect质量作用原理mass action principle现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing)现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同管理范围contract management region合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR) 合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract。
Metallic material金属材料Free electron自由电子Pure metal纯金属Outermost layer of electrons外层电子The given atom特定原子Free electron gas自由电子气Existence存在Structure结构Property性能Characteristic特征Profound consequence重要影响Electrical conductivity导电性Conductivity电导率、Electrical resistance电阻Distinguish区分Approach做法Arbitrary随意Graphite石墨Carbon碳Precipitation析出Chlorine氧Insulator绝缘体Alloy合金Element元素Weld焊接Melt熔融Catastrophic灾难性的Corrosion腐蚀Effectively实际上Brass黄铜Copper铜Zinc锌Iron铁Nickel镍Melting point熔点Aluminum铝Solid solution固溶体Intermetallic compound金属间化合物Fully soluble in each other完全互溶Side effect边界效应Dissolve溶解Solvent溶剂Solute溶质Phase相Circumstance情形Formation形式Ionic bonding离子键Valency化合价Periodic table周期表Position位置Form成为Stainless steels不锈钢Valence electron价电子Transition metal过渡金属Solid-solubility固溶性Crystal structure晶体结构陶瓷Composite复合材料Steel reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Be defined as被定义为Inorganic non-metallic material无机非金属材料Clay粘土Mineral矿物质Powder粉体Crystalline结晶度Crystal晶体Silicate-based ceramics硅基陶瓷Advanced or technical ceramics先进陶瓷技术陶瓷Cutting tools切削工具Figurine雕像Temperature温度Kiln窑Functional pottery vessel功能陶瓷器皿Utilitarian功利主义的A fine clay-like material类粘土粉料Flourish繁荣Glass manufacture玻璃加工Pottery making陶器制作Fire烧制Calcium oxide 氧化钙Coloured glaze彩色釉面Since these ancient times自古以来Commercial application商业应用Non-ferrous metal非铁金属Sophisticated refractory materials高级耐火材料耐热heat-proof模子mould秦始皇陵兵马俑life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb 硬度hardness高温陶瓷refractory chinaFurnace炉子Fire places壁炉Incandescent light bulb白炽灯Hardness硬度Transparency透明度Hold a vacuum保持真空Light source光源Establish确立Durability耐久性Efficient节能Fluorescent lamp荧光灯Neon lamp霓虹灯Exterior室外Sodium discharge lamp钠灯Instrument panel indicator仪表面板指示器Optical fibre networks光导纤维网Data storage数据存储Document production公文制作Laser printer 激光打印Light-emitring diode发光二极管Electronic industry电子工业Insulator绝缘体Semiconductor半导体Superconductor超导体Magnet磁体Electrical insulator电的绝缘体Ceramics spark plug陶瓷火花塞Ignite fuel点燃燃料Internal combustion engine内燃机Automobile汽车High voltage insulator高压绝缘体Telecommunication长途通信Copper wire铜线Cable电缆Copper mining铜矿Capture toxic material捕获有毒物质Encapsulate nuclear waste包埋核废料Diesel柴油Wear resistant耐磨损Properties性能Ceramic tile瓷砖Thermal barrier tile热障瓷砖Engineering ceramics工程陶瓷Technical ceramics技术陶瓷Mechanical properties机械性能Corrosion/oxidation resistance抗腐蚀抗氧化Segment部分Structure ceramics结构陶瓷Electrical and electronic 电工电子Ceramics coating陶瓷涂层Bioceramics生物陶瓷Component零件Industrial wear parts工业磨损部件Filter过滤器Membrane隔膜Catalyst催化剂Support载体Bayer process拜耳法Aluminum powders氧化铝粉Pure纯的、Microstructure微结构Crystal structure晶体结构Mineral-based ceramics矿物基陶瓷Powder processing粉体处理Shape forming产品定型Non-destructive evaluation非破坏性评价Machining加工Standardization标准化Materials property database材料性能数据库Gelcasting凝胶铸造Freezecasting冷冻铸造Injection moulding注射成型Rapid prototyping快速原型制造Manufacture生产Fuel cell燃料电池Batteries电池Smart material智能材料Sensing感知Actuate驱动Intelligence智能Piezoelectric properties压电性能Carry electricity输电Power component电力元件Circuit电路Magnetic resonance imaging scanners核磁共振成像扫描器MRIMagnetic levitation trains磁悬浮列车Medical field医疗领域Refractory ceramics耐火陶瓷Cellular ceramics多孔陶瓷聚合物Macromolecular大分子Polymer聚合物Cross section典型Elastomer弹性体、合成橡胶Rubber橡胶Repeating unite重复单元Isoprene异戊二烯Cross-linking交联Sulfur chain fragment硫链碎片Vulcanization硫化作用synthetic variety合成品种styrene-butadiene rubber丁苯橡胶SBR initiator引发剂soften变软harden变硬rigid material刚性材料versatile通用low density polyethylene低密度聚乙烯LDPE branched polyethylene枝状聚乙烯linear polyethylene线性聚乙烯ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene超高分子量聚乙烯Extremely tough极端坚韧Resilient有弹性的Artificial silk人造丝Manmade fiber人造纤维Nylon尼龙Axial ratios 轴径比Synthetic polymer合成聚合物Desirable理性的Ironing熨烫Tensile strength拉伸强度Adequate stiffness适度强度Parachute将落伞Elasticity弹性Toughness韧性Resistance to abrasion耐磨性Static charge静电累积Textile纺织品Bullet-proof vest防弹背心Spinning纺丝Injection molding注塑成型Glass transition temperature玻璃化转变温度Molten熔融的Squeeze挤Extrusion挤出成型Die 模子Mold模具Tubing管材Hose软管Cross-sectional横断面Melt、dry、wet spinning熔体、干、湿纺丝Principal原理Hole孔Spinneret喷丝头Polymer morphology聚合物形态学Chain alignment链排列Enhance crystallinity结晶度。
课程名称：钢铁冶金专业英语英文名称：Professional English on Ferrous Metallurgy学时与学分:32/2（其中实验学时：,课内上机学时：）先修课程要求：钢铁冶金原理、烧结球团学、炼铁学、炼钢学适应专业：矿物加工工程、冶金工程参考教材：冶金专业英语，侯向东，冶金工业出版社，2008.2冶金工程专业英语，金焱，化学工业出版社，2008团矿专业英语，范晓慧，中南工业大学教材科，1992课程简介：本课程是面向矿物加工工程专业（团矿方向）高年级本科生的专业选修课程，对学生进行与专业知识相关的英语词汇、术语、写作、翻译等方面的知识和能力进行教育和培养。
教学内容主要有烧结球团学、炼铁学、炼钢学等方面的内容。
通过本课程的学习，使学生能够掌握本专业的英语词汇及术语，熟悉科技英语的写作特点，能进行文献检索，能阅读英语文献及专业书籍，并初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
一、课程在培养方案中的地位、目的和任务本课程是面向矿物加工工程专业（团矿方向）高年级本科生开设的选修课程，其目的和任务是使学生能够掌握本专业的英语词汇及术语，能进行文献检索，能阅读英语文献及专业书籍，并初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
二、课程的基本要求1．掌握钢铁冶金方面的英语词汇及术语；2．熟悉科技英语的写作特点；3．能阅读钢铁冶金方面的英语文献及专业书籍；4．初步具备一定的写作和翻译能力。
三、课程的基本内容以及重点难点1．基本内容1）铁矿石造块学：烧结、球团理论、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；2）炼铁学：高炉冶炼和非高炉炼铁的理论、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；3）炼钢学：炼钢学基本原理、工艺及设备方面的专业英语；2．重点和难点本课程的重点是掌握钢铁冶金过程专业英语词汇及翻译技巧；难点是专业英语的翻译与写作技巧四、实验要求无五、课程学时分配1. Agglomeration of Iron1.1 Trends in Agglomeration （2学时）1.2 Agglomeration Practice （4学时）2. Iron Making2.1 Raw Materials for the Production of Iron （2学时）2.2 The Blast Furnace Plant（4学时）2.3 Hot Blast Stove （2学时）2.4 New Developments in Iron Making （2学时）3. Steel Making3.1 Raw Materials of Steelmaking （2学时）3.2 Principles of Modern Steelmaking （2学时）3.3 The LD、Basic Oxygen Furnace、Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Processes （6学时）3.4 Secondary Refining （2学时）3.5 Continuous Casting of Steel （2学时）六、考核方式开卷考试。
金属材料工程专业相关英语词汇1. 金属材料学中文英文金属metal合金alloy晶体crystal晶格lattice晶胞unit cell点阵常数lattice constant空位vacancy间隙原子interstitial atom置换固溶体substitutional solid solution间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution相图phase diagram相phase组元component共晶eutectic包晶peritectic过共晶hypereutectic亚共晶hypoeutectic奥氏体austenite珠光体pearlite马氏体martensite贝氏体bainite铁素体ferrite渗碳体cementite合金化元素alloying element强化机制strengthening mechanism固溶强化solid solution strengthening畸变强化strain hardening沉淀强化precipitation hardening热处理heat treatment正火annealing回火tempering调质quenching and tempering表面硬化surface hardening渗碳carburizing渗氮nitriding铝合金aluminum alloy中文英文铜合金copper alloy镁合金magnesium alloy钛合金titanium alloy2. 材料力学中文英文应力stress应变strain弹性模量elastic modulus, Young's modulus, modulus of elasticity 泊松比Poisson's ratio屈服强度yield strength抗拉强度tensile strength断裂韧性fracture toughness蠕变creep疲劳fatigue应力集中系数stress concentration factor应力强度因子stress intensity factor裂纹尖端crack tip裂纹扩展crack propagation裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate塑性变形plastic deformation弹性变形elastic deformation滞弹性变形anelastic deformation粘弹性变形viscoelastic deformation滑移slip滑移面slip plane滑移方向slip direction柏氏矢量Burgers vector位错dislocation索氏体spheroidite索氏化spheroidization3. 材料物理中文英文电子结构electronic structure能带理论band theory半导体semiconductor禁带宽度band gap本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor掺杂半导体doped semiconductor非平衡载流子excess carrierPN结PN junction二极管diode晶体管transistor集成电路integrated circuit磁性材料magnetic material磁化强度magnetization磁畴magnetic domain矫顽力coercivity饱和磁化强度saturation magnetization铁磁性ferromagnetism反铁磁性antiferromagnetism顺磁性paramagnetism抗磁性diamagnetism铁电材料ferroelectric material自发极化强度spontaneous polarization矫顽电场强度coercive electric field压电效应piezoelectric effect光学材料optical material折射率refractive index反射率reflectance透射率transmittance吸收系数absorption coefficient发光效应luminescence effect荧光材料fluorescent material发光二极管(LED)light-emitting diode (LED)激光器(LD)laser diode (LD)4. 材料热力学中文英文热力学thermodynamics系统system环境surroundings状态state过程process平衡equilibrium状态方程equation of state热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 熵entropy焓enthalpy自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy海姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy化学势chemical potential活度activity活度系数activity coefficient相律phase rule吉布斯相图Gibbs phase diagram杠杆规则lever rule相变phase transition相变焓变enthalpy change of phase transition相变熵变entropy change of phase transition相变自由能变free energy change of phase transition材料反应material reaction反应焓变enthalpy change of reaction反应熵变entropy change of reaction反应自由能变free energy change of reaction5. 材料测试中文英文金相组织观察metallographic observation 金相显微镜metallographic microscope 抛光机polishing machine腐蚀剂etchant晶粒度grain size显微硬度测试仪(Microhardness tester)microhardness tester维氏硬度(Vickers hardness)Vickers hardness布氏硬度(Brinell hardness)Brinell hardness洛氏硬度(Rockwell hardness)Rockwell hardness拉伸试验(tensile test)tensile test拉伸试验机(tensile testing machine)tensile testing machine标准试样(standard specimen)standard specimen应力-应变曲线(stress-strain curve)stress-strain curve弹性模量(elastic modulus)elastic modulus屈服点(yield point)yield point抗拉强度(tensile strength)tensile strength断后伸长率(elongation at break)elongation at break断面收缩率(reduction of area)reduction of area6. 材料分析中文英文光谱分析spectroscopy原子发射光谱atomic emission spectroscopy原子吸收光谱atomic absorption spectroscopy紫外-可见光谱ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy红外光谱infrared spectroscopy拉曼光谱Raman spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectrometry电感耦合等离子体质谱inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 二次离子质谱secondary ion mass spectrometry色谱分析chromatography气相色谱gas chromatography液相色谱liquid chromatographyX射线衍射X-ray diffraction布拉格方程Bragg's lawX射线荧光分析X-ray fluorescence analysis电子显微镜electron microscope扫描电子显微镜(SEM)scanning electron microscope (SEM)透射电子显微镜(TEM)transmission electron microscope (TEM)能量色散X射线能谱(EDS)energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)电子能量损失能谱(EELS)electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)7. 材料加工中文英文铸造casting模具mold浇注pouring凝固solidification缩孔shrinkage cavity缩松shrinkage porosity砂型铸造sand casting金属型铸造metal mold casting精密铸造precision casting锻造forging热锻hot forging冷锻cold forging自由锻open die forging模锻closed die forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling平板轧机flat rolling mill形状轧机shape rolling mill拉拔drawing拉丝机wire drawing machine挤压extrusion直接挤压direct extrusion间接挤压indirect extrusion8. 材料表征中文英文电学性能electrical property电阻率resistivity电导率conductivity电容capacitance介电常数dielectric constant电极化polarization耐压强度breakdown strength磁学性能magnetic property磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop矫顽力coercivity剩余磁化强度remanence磁导率permeability磁阻率reluctivity光学性能optical property折射率refractive index反射率reflectance透射率transmittance吸收系数absorption coefficient发光效应luminescence effect荧光材料fluorescent material9. 材料设计中文英文材料选择material selection材料性能指数material performance index材料选择图material selection chart材料性能预测material property prediction本构关系constitutive relation有限元分析finite element analysis材料组合优化material combination optimization复合材料composite material多层板sandwich panel功能梯度材料functionally graded material材料失效分析material failure analysis应力集中stress concentration裂纹扩展crack propagation脆性断裂brittle fracture韧性断裂ductile fracture疲劳断裂fatigue fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture10. 材料科学前沿中文英文纳米材料nanomaterial纳米粒子nanoparticle纳米线nanowire纳米管nanotube石墨烯graphene全息石墨烯holographic graphene生物材料biomaterial生物相容性biocompatibility生物降解性biodegradability组织工程tissue engineering药物传递drug delivery智能材料smart material形状记忆合金shape memory alloy磁致伸缩合金magnetostrictive alloy压电材料piezoelectric material电致变色材料electrochromic material超弹性合金superelastic alloy超导材料superconducting material能源材料energy material太阳能电池solar cell燃料电池fuel cell锂离子电池lithium-ion battery钠离子电池sodium-ion battery环境材料environmental material环境友好型材料eco-friendly material环境降解型材料environmentally degradable material 环境适应型材料environmentally adaptive material光催化材料photocatalytic material二氧化钛titanium dioxide水净化材料water purification material空气净化材料air purification material重金属吸附材料heavy metal adsorption material。
材料科学与工程专业英语Materials Science and EngineeringUnit1Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials are properly more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. 材料可能比我们大部分人所意识到的更加深入地存在于我们的文化当中。
Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation and food production－virtually every segment of our lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials.运输、住房、衣饰、通讯、娱乐，还有食品生产——实际上我们日常生活的每个部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。
Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been int imately tied to the members’ abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. 从历史上看，社会的发展和进步已经与社会成员生产和利用材料来满足自身需求的能力紧密地联系在一起。
In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development.事实上，早期文明是以当时材料的发展水平来命名的。
（也就是石器时代，青铜器时代）The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. 最早的人类只能利用非常有限数量的材料，象那些自然界的石头，木头，黏土和毛皮等等。
挑选selection种类category进展evolution回收reclaim再生recycle萃取提取extraction实用性availability加工制造manufacture导电性electrical conductivity挤压extrusion锻造forge切削性machinability耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance 力学性能mechanical properties 导热性thermal conductivity抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength 切变强度shear strength铆钉铆钉连接rivet构件component切应力transverse cutting熔点melting temperature密度density 韧性toughness弹性elasticity塑性plasticity永久变形deform permanently延展性ductility延压性malleability张力tensile load压力compressive load硬度hardness压痕indentation脆性brittleness刚性rigidity物理性能physical properties黄铜brass青铜bronze绝缘材料insulating materials导电材料conductor materials半导体semiconductor热固性塑料thermosetting plastics 介电常数permittivity电极electrode电容器capacitor磁阻reluctance铁磁材料ferromagnetic materials磁导率permeability磁饱和magnetic saturation磁滞性hysteresis滞后效应lagging force永久磁铁permanent magnet磁滞回线magnetic hysteresis loops 硬磁材料hard magnetic materials 软磁材料soft magnetic materials矫顽力coercive force磨削grind屏蔽材料shielding materials发动机motor发电机generator电烙铁soldering iron线膨胀系数coefficient of linear expansion比热容specific heat capacity可熔性fusibility耐火材料refractory materials工程材料engineering materials金属metal黑色金属ferrous metal 有色金属non-ferrous metal非金属non-metallic material合成材料synthetic material天然材料nature material碳钢carbon steel(low/medium/high)合金钢alloy steel灰口铸铁grey cast iron白口铸铁white cast iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron高强度铸铁high-duty cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron熟铁wrought iron夹杂物inclusion塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic硬质合金cemented carbide复合材料composite混凝土concreteSiO2 silica石灰石limestone石棉asbestos染料colorant刚玉emery花岗岩granite蓝宝石sapphire金属陶瓷cermet木质素基体matrix of lignin热处理heat treatment淬火quench退火anneal正火normalizing加工硬化work hardened再结晶recrystallisation钢的锈蚀rusting of steel塑料的降解degradation of plastic成分composition同素异形体allotropy宏/微观macro-/microscopical介观meso结晶度crystallinity原子atom带负电的电子negatively charged electron带正电的质子positively charged proton 电中性electrically neutral原子模型atomic model电子轨道electron orbit原子核nucleus中子neutron粒子particle离子ion分子molecule同位素isotope带正电的electropositive带负电的electronegative惰性气体noble gases高分子macromolecule共价键covalent bond离子键ionic bond金属键metallic bond几何点阵结构geometrical lattice structure斥力repulsive force引力force of attraction静电力electrostatic force升华sublime振动状态state of vibration绝对零度absolute zero潜热latent heat晶体crystal饱和固溶体saturated solution沥青pitch非晶的amorphous单胞unit cell空间点阵space lattice体心立方body-centred-cubic面心立方face-centred-cubic密排六方close-packed-hexagonal 四方tetragonal正交orthorhombic收缩shrinkage同素异形体现象allotropy同素异构多晶体polymorphism 晶粒结构grain structure取样sample抛光polish显微镜microscope阻止impede侵蚀etch粒状granular 晶体生长crystal growth非晶体amorphous solid迁移性mobility结晶crystalline过冷under-cooling凝固点freezing temperature形核nucleation树枝状生长dendritic growth冷却曲线cooling curve一次/二次/三次枝晶primary/secondary/tertiary arms尖端spike融化潜热latent heat of fusion切削余量machining allowance凝固缺陷solidification defect缩松porosity缩孔shrinkage cavity枝晶间缩松interdendritic porosity 内浇口runner补缩冒口riser错排disorientation粘滞的viscous蠕变creep穿晶断裂transverse cracking沿晶断裂intercrystalline cracking表面细晶区fine chill grain at the surface柱状晶long columnar等轴晶large equi-axed crystal偏析segregation夹杂inclusion主体金属host metal变色污染discoloration轮廓outlining轧制roll粉碎crumble冷淬热淬cold/hot short铸锭ingot残留trap疲劳裂纹fatigue crack变钝blunt剥落chip铸造气氛foundry atmosphere脱气degass通风ventilationHCl hydrogen chloride 湿砂green-sand气孔blow-hole球的/椭圆的孔洞spherical/oval cavity间断discontinuity肉眼unaided eye低倍放大镜low power magnifying glass腐蚀剂enchant显微法microscopy显微镜载物台microscope slide操作handle砂纸abrasive paper抛光机polishing machine气体疏松gas porosity零件component金相显微镜microscopical metallography不透明的opaque滤色片color filter旋转台turret物镜objective lenses放大率magnification甲/乙醇methyl/ethyl alcohol珠光体pearlite马氏体martensite屈氏体troostite铁素体ferrite晶界boundary苦味酸picric acid硬铝duralumin铜镍合金cupro-nickel alloy四价的quadruvalen价电子层valency shell晶片wafer本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor 掺杂半导体extrinsic semiconductor 热振动thermally温度传感器temperature senser毫安计milliammeter晶体管transistor二极管diode掺杂dopant五价的pentavulent外赋电流extrinsic current flow失主donor element 受主acceptor空位hole载流子charged carrier三价的trivalent硼boronPN结junction耗尽层depletion正偏压forward bias绝缘带insulating gap电子开关electronic switch聚合物polymeric material误称misnomer热固性thermosetting热塑性thermoplastic弹性体elastomer甲醛formaldehyde三氯氢胺melamine桌球snooker弹子球billiards餐具table-wear家电domestic electrical fitting 强化reinforce柔韧的pliable雨水管rain guttering下水管down-piping交联cross-link硫化vulcanize刚性stiffness硬橡胶ebonite构成单元building block 甲烷methane乙烷ethane碳氢化合物hydrocarbon 烷烃alkane烯烃olefin环烷烃naphthene芳香烃aromatic煤油paraffin石蜡wax原料base stock乙烯ethylene丙烯propylene中间产物intermediate 环己烷cyclohexane溶剂solvent炸药explosive 苯乙烯styrene单体monomer氯chlorine氟fluorine直链型linear chain支链型brunched chain交链型cross-linked chain固化curing单体加成addition of monomers缩聚condensation酚醛树脂bakelite苯酚phenol硬化剂hardener聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene 螺旋状的/螺旋helical/helix甲基methyl缠结 a tangle lines亚微观尺度submicroscopic scale微晶crystallite渗入penetration增塑剂plasticizer抗渗impervious形貌morphology日用品commodity 单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation光泽gloss透明度clarity光学的optical吹制薄膜film blowing碾压工艺rolling process比容specific volume聚乙烯ploythene流体streamline反跳bounced粉碎shatter碎片fragment拉伸模量tensile modulus展开uncoil延伸extension聚苯乙烯polystyrene柔韧pliable鼓风air blast辐射热radiant heat记忆效应memory effects预拉伸prestretch包装package。
专业英语课程教学大纲课程名称：专业英语课程编号：16118231学时/学分：24/1.5开课学期：6适用专业：材料科学与工程专业课程类型：院系选修课一、课程说明本课程是材料科学与工程专业的一门院系选修课。
专业英语是大学英语的后续课程，通过本课程的学习，同学们应该大致了解专业英语的文章的结构、词汇、写作方法及其与公共英语的异同点。
掌握材料专业常用的英语词汇，能较顺利的阅读、理解和翻译有关的科技英文文献和资料并掌握英文论文的书写格式及英文论文摘要的写作技巧，从而使同学们进一步提高英语能力，并能在今后的生产实践中有意识地利用所学知识，通过阅读最新的专业英语文献，能跟踪学科的发展动态，同时能与外国专家进行交流，为从事创新性的工作打下基础。
二、课程对毕业要求的支撑毕业要求10沟通：能够就本专业复杂工程问题与业界同行及社会公众进行有效沟通和交流，包括撰写报告和设计文稿、陈述发言、清晰表达或回应指令。
并具备一定的国际视野，能够在跨文化背景下进行沟通和交流。
指标点10.2：具备一定的国际视野，能够在跨文化背景下进行沟通和交流。
三、课程的教学目标1.掌握材料科学专业要求的基本专业英语词汇以及阅读、翻译、写作的技巧和方法。
2.能够理解阅读、翻译、写作对材料科学研究的意义以及培养专业学习兴趣，了解文化差异。
3.具备运用英语结合实际在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流能力。
四、课程基本内容和学时安排PartⅠIntroduction to materials science and engineering（10学时）知识点：Materials science and engineering(2学时)，Classification of materials(2学时)，Atomic structure of materials(2学时)，Physical and chemical properties of materials(2学时)，Mechanical properties of materials(2学时)；重点：Classification of materials，Mechanical properties of materials。
金属材料英语Metal Materials: Properties and ApplicationsMetal materials have been utilized for centuries due to their exceptional properties, including high strength, durability, conductivity, and ductility. In this article, we will delve into the properties and applications of metal materials.1. Properties of Metal Materials- High strength: Metals are usually strong and can withstand high mechanical loads.- Ductility: Metals can be stretched into thin wires or sheets without breaking, making them ideal for various applications such as electrical wiring.- High conductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity, making them good candidates for electrical components, wires, and conductors.- Corrosion-resistant: While some metals may oxidize or rust, many are non-corrosive and can withstand harsh environmental conditions.- High density: Due to their high density, metals can be used for heavy-duty applications, such as construction materials and machinery.2. Applications of Metal Materials- Aerospace industry: Metals are used in aircraft and spacecraft construction due to their strength and lightweight properties.- Electrical engineering: Metals are used to make electricalwires, circuit boards, and other components due to their high conductivity.- Construction industry: Steel and other metal alloys are used as building materials due to their strength, durability, and fire resistance.- Automotive industry: Metals are used to make engine parts, wheels, and frames due to their high strength and durability. - Manufacturing industry: Metal alloys are used to create durable and corrosion-resistant tools and machinery for various applications.3. Types of Metal Materials- Stainless steel: A type of steel that is resistant to corrosion and staining, making it ideal for various applications such as kitchenware, medical equipment, and construction.- Aluminum: A lightweight metal that is often used in the aerospace and automotive industries due to its strength and durability.- Copper: A highly conductive metal that is commonly used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and heat exchangers.- Iron: Iron is used to create steel, which is one of the most widely used metals in construction and the manufacturing industry.- Titanium: A strong and lightweight metal that is commonly used in aerospace and medical applications due to its biocompatibility.In conclusion, metal materials have played a crucial role in our society for many years, with various applications in aerospace, automotive, electrical engineering, construction,and manufacturing industries. Understanding the properties and applications of different types of metal materials can help us make informed decisions about their use in our daily lives.。
金属材料工程专业英语词条a alloy 铝合金（铝镁硅合金）abacl（abacus的复数）算盘、曲线图、列线图abampere绝对安培（等于10安培）abandonment废弃abatement消除、减轻、减少、失效、废料、治理abbertite黑沥青A-B-C process污水净化三级过程ability to deform变形能力ability to depth-harden硬化性能、硬化能力ability to retain moisture含水性能、含水能力ablation除去、消融、烧蚀abnormal反常的、不正常的、不规则的abnormal alarm lamp反常报警灯abnormal creep反常蠕变abnormal current异常电流abnormal grain growth异常晶粒长大a-bomb原子弹aborted heat炼废炉次、报废炉次about-sledge hammer大锤、带平柄的锤above-critical state超临界状态above-thermal超热的abradability磨损性、磨蚀性abradant磨料、研磨剂、金刚砂abrade磨蚀、磨损、磨光abrader磨光机、磨蚀试验机、砂轮机abraser磨料abrasion磨损、磨耗、磨蚀、海蚀、冲蚀abrasion effect磨损效应abrasion hardness耐磨硬度abrasion index抗磨指数、抗磨强度abrasion marks磨痕、擦伤abrasion-proof耐磨的、抗磨的abrasion resistance耐磨性、抗磨性abrasion resistant test耐磨试验abrasion resistant alloy耐磨合金abrasion resistant coating耐磨镀层、耐磨保护层abrasion resistant quality耐磨性、抗磨性abrasion resistant steel耐磨钢abrasion test磨耗试验、磨损试验、磨蚀试验abrasion tester磨损试验机abrasive磨蚀的、磨损的、磨料abrasive action磨蚀作用、磨剥作用abrasive belt磨光砂带、研磨砂带abrasive belt polishing带式抛光、用研磨带抛光abrasive blast cleaning喷砂清理abrasive brick耐磨砖abrasive characteristics磨损性、磨蚀性abrasive cleaning砂轮清理法abrasive cutoff砂轮切割abrasive cutoff machine磨切机、磨割机、砂轮切断机abrasive cutting wheel切割砂轮abrasive damage磨伤、磨损abrasive descaling磨除氧化铁皮、磨除铁鳞abrasive disc砂轮abrasive disc cutter砂轮切割片、砂轮锯abrasive dust磨屑、研磨粉abrasive finishing研磨精整（磨光、擦光、打光）abrasive grain磨粒abrasive grit磨料、铁粒abrasive hardness摩擦硬度、磨损硬度abrasive laden含有磨料的abrasive material磨料、研磨材料abrasive media磨料abrasive nature磨损性质abrasive paper研磨纸abrasive points研磨头abrasive powder研磨粉、磨料粉abrasive power研磨力abrasive shot研磨用金属丸（钢丸、铁丸）abrasive slurry磨粉浆abrasive stick油石、磨条abrasive surface研磨面、磨损面abrasive wear磨损、磨耗abrasive wheel砂轮、研磨轮abrator抛喷清理机abrupt change 陡变abrupt curve折线、急弯曲线abrupt slope陡度abscess气孔（缺陷）absciss横坐标absence缺乏、缺少absent day缺勤日absolute activity绝对活度absolute address绝对地址、机器地址absolute alcohol无水酒精absolute altitude绝对高度absolute atmpsphere绝对大气压absolute black body绝对黑体absolute boiling point绝对沸点absolute capacity绝对容量absolute code绝对代码absolute density绝对密度absolute deviation绝对偏差absolute disintegration rate绝对衰减速率absolute displacement绝对位移absolute draught绝对压下量absolute electrostatic unit绝对静电单位absolute error绝对误差absolute ethyl alcohol无水酒精absolute hardness绝对硬度（未考虑表面硬化）absolute humidity绝对湿度absolute intensity绝对强度absolute magnitude绝对大小、绝对值absolute maximum绝对最大值absolute minimum绝对最小值absolute pressure绝对压力absolute pressure gauge绝对压力表absolute signal绝对信号absolute readout绝对示值读数absolute spread宽展量、绝对宽展absolute stability绝对稳定性absolute system of units绝对单位absolute temperature绝对温度absolute vacuum绝对真空absolute valency绝对价、最高价absolute value绝对值absolute weight绝对重量absolute zero绝对零度（-273℃）absorb吸收、减振absorbability吸收性、吸收能力、吸收量absorbance吸收率、吸收系数absorbancy吸收能力absorbate吸收剂、吸收质absorbed energy吸收能量absorbed heat吸收热absorbed-in-fracture energy冲击韧性、冲击功absorbed power吸收能量、吸收本领absorbed moisture吸收的水份absorbed radiation dose吸收的辐射剂量absorbed striking energy被吸收的冲击功absorbent吸收剂、吸收器、减振器absorbent bed吸收剂层、吸收床absorbent filter吸收过滤器absorber吸收剂、减震器、滤波器、滤光器absorbing column吸收塔absorbing material吸收物质、吸收体、吸收剂absorbing matter吸收材料、吸收物质abut端面、支架、枢轴abutment支点、支座、承座、拱基abutment crane台座起重机abutment joint对接、对接接头abutting相邻的、接触的、突出的abutting edges对接的边accelerant加速剂、催化剂、促进剂accelerated ageing加速时效accelerated combustion加速燃烧accelerated cooling加速冷却accelerated corrosion加速腐蚀accelerated creep加速蠕变accelerated life test加速寿命试验accelerated load test加速载荷试验accelerated solution加速浸蚀液accelerating agent催化剂、促凝剂accelerating electrode加速电极accelerating field加速场、加速电场accelerating force加速力accelerating moment加速力矩accelerating relay加速继电器accelerating tube加速管acceleration加速度acceleration of gravity重力加速度accelerator加速剂、催化剂、加速器、速滤剂accelerator test（磷化处理溶液的）加速剂试验accelerometer加速度计、加速度表acceptability适应性、适用性acceptable environmental limit环境容限acceptance验收acceptable sinter合格烧结矿acceptance certificate验收证明书、验收单acceptance inspection验收检验、验收acceptance number合格数、接受数、验收数acceptance of work工程的验收acceptance quality level质量验收标准acceptance sampling验收取样acceptance stamp验收钢印、检验钢印acceptance standard 验收标准acceptance station接受站acceptor接受器、受体access进路、通路、入口、取数、存取access cycle存取周期access eye检查孔access floor活动地板access hole检修孔、窥视孔accessibility可达性、可接近性access mechanism存取机构access mode存取方式access of gas烟气入口、进气口accessories辅助设备（装置或仪器）、配件、附件accessory equipment辅助设备、附属设备accessory machinery辅助机械设备accessory material辅助材料accessory mineral副矿物accessory plant辅助车间access railroad专用铁路accident事故、故障、损坏、损伤accidental error偶然误差accidental homicide事故致死accident defect事故损坏accident insurance事故保险accident prevention事故预防、安全技术ac circuit交流电路accommodation coefficient 适应系数、调节系数accommodation dislocation适应位错accompanying element伴生元素accompanying impurity伴生杂质account balance帐户结余account number帐号account of receipts收入帐户account valuation造价预算、估价accumulated dose累计剂量、总剂量accumulated error累计误差accumulation of heat蓄热accumulation of impurities杂质积累accumulation type wiredrawing machine无滑动多次（级）拉丝机、堆积式拉丝机accumulator贮料塔、蓄电池、存储器、记忆装置accumulator car电瓶车accumulator cell蓄电池accuracy准确、精确、准确度、精确度accuracy class准确度级别、精度等级accuracy control system准确度控制accuracy of measuring测量精度、计量精度accuracy of reading读数精确度accuracy of shape形状精确度accuracy rate精度等级accurate adjustment精密调整accurate grinding精磨accurate lattice-parameter determination method 点阵常数精密测定法acetylene gas乙炔气acicular carbide针状碳化物acicular constituent针状组分acicular crystal针状晶体acicular iron针状铸铁acicular martensite针状马氏体acicular needles针状晶体acicular structure针状组织、针状结构acicular troostite针状屈氏体acid酸、酸性的acid annealing浸酸退火acidate酸化acid attack酸侵蚀acid-base酸碱的acid-base equilibrium酸碱平衡acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂acid bath酸槽acid（Bessemer）converter酸性转炉acid brick酸性耐火砖acid brittleness酸洗脆性、氢脆性acid burden酸性炉料acid clay酸性粘土acid cleaning（同pickling）酸洗acid concentration酸浓度acid converter酸性转炉acid converter steel酸性转炉钢acid content酸含量acid corrosion酸腐蚀acid deficient弱酸的、酸不足的acid dip酸浸acid dip pickler(沉浸式) 酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽acid drain tank排酸槽acidless descaling无酸除鳞acid medium酸性介质acid mist酸雾acid-proof paint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proof steel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢acid-resisting vessel耐酸槽acid strength酸浓度acid supply pump供酸泵acid wash酸洗acid value酸值acid wash solution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳A cm point A cm转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acorn nut螺母、螺帽acoustic absorption coefficient声吸收系数acoustic susceptance声纳actifier再生器action line作用线action spot作用点activated atom激活原子activated bath活化槽activated carbon活性碳activating treatment活化处理active corrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀active area有效面积active power有功功率、有效功率active product放射性产物active resistance有效电阻、纯电阻active roll gap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度active state活性状态active surface有效（表）面activity coefficient激活系数、活度系数actual diameter（钢丝绳）实际直径actual efficiency实际效率actual error实际误差actual time实时actual working stress实际加工应力actuating device调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuating lever驱动杆、起动杆actuating mechanism 动作机构、执行机构actuating motor驱动电动机、伺服电动机actuating pressure作用压力actuation shaft起动轴actuator调节器、传动装置、执行机构acute angle锐角adaptive feed back control自适应反馈控制adaptive optimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附件added material添加剂、添加料adding liner垫片additional press附加压力additional record追加记录、补充记录additional roller table延伸辊道additional shear附加剪切变形、附加切变additional strength附加强度additional treatment附加处理adjustment of rolls轧辊的调整admissible error允许误差admissible tolerance允许公差advance angle前滑角adjustable end stop升降挡板adjustable housings可调机架adjustage辅助设备、精整设备adjuster调节器、装配工aeolotropism各向异性aerial metal航空（用）金属affinage furnace精炼炉affinity亲和力、亲和能after-chroming二次镀铬、重复镀铬after-contraction二次收缩、残余收缩after end（板卷的）后端after flow残余塑性流变（停止加载后的）afternoon shift晚班、中班age hardening precipitation时效硬化沉淀age hardening range时效硬化（温度）范围age hardening steel时效硬化钢ageing characteristic时效特性ageing phenomena时效现象ageing resistance抗时效性、抗老化性能ageing stability时效稳定性、耐时效性agile manufacturing敏捷制造air-hardening steel空气淬硬钢air humidity空气湿度air impermeability气密性air infiltration渗风、漏风air inflow吸风、进气（流）airing空气干燥、通风air ingress空气入口air injection鼓风alarm bell警钟、警笛alarm pressure报警压力alignment error安装误差alkali liquor碱液alkaline solvent碱性溶剂alkali metal碱金属alkaline wash碱洗alkali proof steel耐碱钢alkali scrubbing tower碱洗塔alloy ageing合金时效alloy biscuit合金块alloy building合金化、加合金元素、形成合金alloy carbon martensite含碳合金马氏体alloy chilled iron roll冷硬合金铸铁轧辊alloy composition合金成分alloy（ed）austenite合金奥氏体alloy-steel合金钢alloy segregation合金成分偏析alloy system合金系alloy tool steel合金工具钢alpha ferriteα铁素体alternating current交流电AC. alternating strain交变应变alternative steel代用钢alumetized steel渗铝钢alumina氧化铝、铝氧、矾土Al2O3 American Iron and Steel Institute美国钢铁学会AISIAmerican Petroleum Institute美国石油学会APIAmerican standard code for information interchange美国信息交换标准代码ASCⅡAmerican Society of Metas美国金属学会ASMAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师学会ASMEAmerican Society for Testing Materials美国材料试验学会ASTMamount of cold plastic deformation冷塑性变形量amount of cold work冷加工量amount of contraction收缩量amount of deformation变形量amount of deflection挠度、偏差值amount of draught压缩量、压下量amount of hot work热加工量amount of order有序度amount of reduction压缩量、变形程度amount of shrinkage收缩量amount of flue gas废气量amount of porosity孔隙度amount of slag渣量amount of slip滑移量amount of spread宽展量amount of taper斜度amount of traffic交通量、运输量amount of vacuum真空度amount of wear磨损程度、磨损量analysis of spectra光谱分析analytical procedure分析方法angle角、角形的、角尺、角钢angle of arrival入射角angle of bite咬入角、轧入角angle of contact（轧件同轧辊的）接触角angle of diffraction衍射角、绕射角angle of deflection偏转角angle of friction摩擦角angle of lag滞后角angle of lead超前角angle of entry咬入角angle iron角钢angle（-iron）shearing machine角钢剪切机angle iron with equal legs等边角钢angle of reflection反射角angle of refraction折射角angle of oscillation振动角angle of nip咬入角、轧入角angle of rolling（轧件同轧辊的）接触角、咬入角angle of sides（孔型）侧壁斜度angle of viewing视角angle of wrap包角angle pass角钢孔型angle section角钢angle steel角钢angle shear角钢剪切机angle straightening machine角钢矫直机angle testing超声波斜探头探伤angular角状的、有角的angular acceleration角加速度angular coordinates角坐标angular displacement角位移angular guide斜导板angular rolling角轧angular speed角速度angularity顶角、成角度anion阴离子anisothermal diagram连续冷却转变图anisothermal transformation非等温转变、连续冷却转变anisotropic crystal各向异性晶体anisotropic effect各向异性效应anisotropic material各向异性材料anisotropic structure各向异性组织anisotropism各向异性现象anneal退火annealed-in-process wire中间退火钢丝annealed sheet iron退火薄钢板annealed strip退火带钢annealed tensile strength退火后的抗张强度annealer退火炉anneal hardness退火（状态）硬度annealing and pickling plant退火酸洗车间annealing at elevated temperature高温退火annealing bay退火炉跨annealing brittleness退火脆性annealing colour退火色annealing conditions退火状态、退火条件annealing cycle退火周期、退火制度annealing-descaling line退火除鳞作业线annealing furnace退火炉annealing in process中间退火annealing kiln退火炉annealing installation退火设备annealing facilities退火设备annealing device退火装置annealing oven退火炉annealing operation退火工序annealing-pickling line退火酸洗线annealing practice退火工艺、退火操作annealing temperature-hardness plot退火温度与硬度关系曲线图annealing room退火工段、退火间annual inspection年度检查、检修annual output年产量annual rate年产量annual overhaul年度检修annular环状的、轮状的annular furnace环形炉annular hearth环形炉膛annular shape环形轧材annular slit环形缝隙anode阳极、正极、板极antibiotics抗生素、抗菌素anti-buckle roll防弯辊anti-cathode反阴极、对阴极anti-coagulin阻凝剂anticorrosive agent防腐剂anticrimp rolls辊式导卫装置apparent size表观尺寸、视尺寸apparent specific gravity表观比重、视比重appearance view外视图、外观图application for a patent申请专利applied force外力、作用力approach引道、引路、引桥、近似值、近似法、接近、类似、手段approach angle（拉摸）变形锥approach of die拉模工作带、拉模压缩带approach roller table输入辊道approach switch接近开关approval test鉴定试验、验收试验approximate value近似值approximation formula近似式approximation function近似方程式aptitude for rolling可轧性arc弧、弧形、电弧、弧光、弓形、拱形arc-furnace department电弧炉炼钢车间arc hardening电弧加热淬火arched crown拱顶arc-welded pipe弧焊管area of fracture断口面、断裂面area of indentation压痕面积area reduction减面率、断面减缩率argonaut welding自动氩弧焊argon-oxygen decarburizing (AOD)氩氧脱碳法armature coil电枢绕组armature core电枢铁芯armature current电枢电流armature voltage电枢电压arm of force力臂arrangement diagram布置图arrangement drawing布置图arrangement of dislocations位错的排列artificial ageing人工时效artificial cognition人工识别artificial satellite人造卫星A-scale of Rockwell hardness (HRA)洛氏A标度硬度as-cast metal铸态金属ASSEL mill阿塞尔轧管机（三辊轧管机）as-hardened structure淬火状态asphalt concrete沥青混凝土as-quenched hardness淬火硬度as-received condition交货状态as-reduced metal还原态金属as-rolled condition轧制状态assay化验、检验、鉴定、试料、试金物assayer分析员、化验员assemble安装、装配、集合、组合、汇编assembly部件、组件、装置、组装asymmetrical pass非对称孔型asynchronous motor异步电动机atomic distance原子间距atomic migration原子迁移A0 transformationA0转变（钢中渗碳体的磁性转变）A1 transformation A1转变（钢的共析转变）A2 transformation A2转变（铁的磁性转变）A3 transformationA3转变（铁的同素转变，即α铁γ铁转变）A4 transformation A4转变（γ铁δ铁转变）attemperator恒温箱、温度控制装置ausageing奥氏体时效（处理）（残余奥氏体在700℃左右加热分解）aus-bay quenching过冷奥氏体亚稳定区均热淬火ausforging（过冷奥氏体）锻造形变热处理ausform奥氏体形变、形变热处理ausform steel奥氏体形变热处理钢ausrolling（过冷奥氏体）轧制形变热处理ausroll tempering轧制加工等温淬火austemper case hardening等温淬火表面硬化austempered steel等温淬火钢、奥氏体回火钢austenite奥氏体austenite annealing奥氏体化温度退火austenite conditioning奥氏体化austenite former奥氏体形成元素austenite grain boundary奥氏体晶界austenite grain-size classification奥氏体晶粒度分级austenite hardener奥氏体强化元素austenite microstructure奥氏体显微组织austenite recrystallization奥氏体再结晶austenite stabilization奥氏体稳定化处理austenite steel奥氏体钢austenitic area奥氏体区austenitic condition奥氏体状态austenitic heat resistance steel奥氏体耐热钢austenitic manganese steel奥氏体锰钢austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel奥氏体镍铬不锈钢austenization奥氏体化austenrolling轧制形变热处理austosyn自同步机、自整角机automatic bander自动打捆机automatic buffing machine自动抛光机automatic butt welding自动对焊automatic catching（机架间）自动递钢automatic coil handling device带卷自动处理装置automatic coil height centering卷高自动对中automatic coil tail end stopping带尾自动停止装置automatic coil weighing system带卷自动称量系统automatic coil width centering钢卷宽度自动对中automatic combustion control (A.C.C)自动燃烧控制automatic controller自动控制（仪）器、自动调节器automatic control loop自动控制回路automatic control rod自动控制杆automatic correction自动校正automatic dump自动卸料automatic ejection自动出料、自动出坯automatic flatness control自动平直度控制automatic-gauge classifier钢板厚度自动分选机automatic gauge control厚度自动控制AGC automatic gauge controller厚度自动调整器automatic mill自动轧管机automatic mode自动方式automatic oscillograph自动示波器automatic packing unit自动包装机automatic plug mill process自动轧管法automatic plug-rolling mill自动芯棒轧管机automatic position control自动位置控制APC automatic preset自动程序调整automatic preset control自动预设定控制automatic pressure controller压力自动调节器automatic reversal自动变换、自动换辊向automatic roll changing rig自动换辊装置automatic roll-forming mill自动辊式（冷弯）成型机automatic sampler自动取样器automatic scarfing自动火焰清理automatic screwdown control压下装置的自动控制automatic sensitivity control灵敏度自动控制automatic sequence control system自动程序控制系统automatic sheet counter薄板自动记数器automatic shat-off自动关闭automatic side register control自动齐边控制automatic signal自动信号automatic size control尺寸自动控制、尺寸自动检验automatic slab discharging板坯自动出料automatic slow down device自动降速装置（开卷机的）automatic sorter自动分类机automatic speed regulator自动速度调节器automatic spinning lathe自动旋压机、自动旋床automatic spot welding自动点焊automatic spray control自动喷水控制automatic stabilizer自动稳定器automatic stacker crane自动堆垛起重机automatic stamper自动打印机automatic starter自动起动装置、自动起动器automatic steel易切钢、自动机床用钢automatic steel level control钢液面自动控制automatic stock screening物料自动筛分automatic stoking自动加料、自动推料automatic stop自动停机automatic stove changing热风炉自动换向automatic strapping自动捆扎automatic stream centering control钢流自动调中控制automatic strip edgepath control带钢边缘自动控制automatic strip-straightening machine带材自动平整机、钢带自动矫直机automatic submerged-arc welding埋弧自动焊automatic supervising device自动监视装置automatic swinging chain leaner自动摇摆链式清除期automatic switch自动开关automatic synchronous closing equipment自动同步闭合装置automatic system自动装置、自动化系统automatic tape punch自动纸带穿孔automatic temperature controller温度自动调节器automatic temperature recorder温度自动记录器automatic temperature regulator自动温度调节器automatic tension control张力自动控制automatic thickness control厚度自动控制automatic threading control device穿带自动控制装置automatic tinning equipment自动镀锡设备automatic tipping device自动倾翻装置automatic torque control自动转矩控制automatic transversal centering卷宽自动对中、(带卷)横向自动对中automatic tripper car自动卸料车automatic vacuum ladling system真空自动浇铸系统automatic voltage regulator自动电压调整器automatic water-level detecting device 自动水位检测装置automatic weigher自动磅称、自动计量器automatic-weight classifier钢板重量自动分选机automatic weld自动焊焊缝automatic welder自动电焊机automatic (welding) wire自动焊接焊丝automatic width centering卷宽自动对中automatic work roll changing工作辊自动换辊automobile汽车、、自动车automobile body sheet汽车车身薄板automobile clutch汽车离合器automobile expressway汽车高速公路automobile parts汽车零件automobile steel汽车钢automotive steel汽车用钢auto-plant自动装置、自动设备autoprecipitation自动沉淀析出auto-relief valve自动减压阀autostop自动停止(装置)autosyn自动同步机、交流同步器、自整角机autosynchronous motor自同步电动机autoweighing feeder自动计量加料auto-wide detector宽度自动检测器autoxidation自动氧化auxiliary bay辅助跨auxiliary console辅助控制台auxiliary instrument辅助仪表auxiliary machinery辅机auxiliary make contact辅助闭合触点auxiliary mechanism辅助机构auxiliary oven辅助加热炉auxiliary plant辅助车间auxiliary relay辅助继电器、中间继电器auxiliary roller table辅助辊道auxiliary stair便梯availability coefficient作业率、利用率availability index有效指数available base有效碱available capacity有效容量、有效生产能力available carbon有效碳、平衡碳available energy有效能、有用能available time可用时间available surface有效表面积average content平均含量average composition平均成分average concentration平均浓度average daily production平均日产量average density平均密度average-earned rate 平均小时工资average error平均误差average flow平均流量average gradient平均梯度average grading平均粒度average grain diameter晶粒平均直径average haul平均运距average highway一般公路average life period平均寿命average make平均产量average outgoing quality(AOQ)产品平均质量average output平均生产率average pore size平均孔径average potential drop平均电压降average rate of creep平均蠕变average roll pressure平均轧制压力average temperature difference平均温差average tempering中温回火average velocity平均速度average-to-good中上等的、中等以上的axial angle（结晶）轴角axial bearing轴向轴承、止推轴承axial constants晶轴常数axial draw轴向拉伸axial elongation轴向延长、轴向延伸axial extension轴向延伸axial force轴向力axial thrust轴向推力axis of abscissa横坐标轴axial withdrawn轴向抽出（换辊）axis of crystals晶体轴axis of groove轧槽（孔型）中线axis of mill轧机中心线axis of ordinate纵坐标轴axis of reference参考轴、坐标轴、基准线axis of revolution旋转轴、回转轴axis of rolling轧制中心线axis of rotation转动轴、旋转轴axis of strain应变轴axis of stress应力轴axis of symmetry对称轴axis of tension张力轴axisymmetric deformation轴对称变形axisymmetric drawing轴对称拉伸axisymmetric extrusion轴对称挤压axle车轴、轮轴、心轴、轴杆axle journal轴颈back背、后背、支持、承托back action反作用back and forth method选择法、尝试法back forth motion往复运动back and forth pass来回通过back axle后轴back bias反馈偏压backedge后脊、裂缝、夹层、轧疤backedges(轧件)舌尖backed up pressure regulating roller lev-eler支承压力可调的辊式矫直机backed up roller leveller without pressure regulation支承压力不可调的辊式矫直机backed up type roller leveler带支承辊的辊式矫直机back e.m.f反电势back end尾端back end crops切尾back end (extrusion) defect挤压缩孔back end whip（活套的）甩尾back extrusion逆向挤压、反挤压back force反作用力backing up roll支承辊backing roll支承辊back live table机后工作辊道back main table机后主要工作辊道back mill table机后工作辊道back out拧松、旋出、取消、放弃、逆序back pressure反压、反压力back pressure valve止回阀back pull反拉力、后张力back pull (tension) wire drawing后拉力拔丝法back tension后张力、后拉力back tension bridle带材张紧装置back shift中班、晚班back stress反向应力back stroke回程backup roll 支承辊backup roll arbor（组合式）支承辊心轴backup （roll） bearing支承辊轴承backup roll chock 支承辊轴承合backup roll diameter支承辊直径backup roll extractor支承辊换辊装置backup roll grinding machine支承辊磨床backup roll sleeve（组合式）支承辊辊套backup shaft支承辊辊轴backup system支承系统backward up roll 支承辊back wall后壁、后墙backward creep（轧制）后滑backward direction反向、后向backward extrusion逆向挤压backward flow后滑backward force反向力、反（作用）力back（ward）motion回程运动、倒行、倒车backward pass（可逆轧机中的）偶数道次backward pull后张力backward slip（轧制时金属的）后滑backward spinning反旋压、反向旋压backward tension反拉力、后张力bacterial corrosion细菌腐蚀、微生物腐蚀bacteria metallurgy细菌冶金bad cast钢丝盘卷不均(有涨圈、收圈、反盘等现象)、杂乱排绕bad material有缺陷材料（原子晶体畸变剧烈区域）baffle wall隔板bainite hardness贝氏体硬度bainite quenching贝氏体淬火bainite tempering贝氏体回火bainite transformation贝氏体转变bainite hardening贝氏体淬火bainite heat treatment贝氏体热处理bainite steel贝氏体钢bake hardening烘烤硬化baking soda碳酸氢钠、小苏打baking oven干燥器、干燥室、干燥炉baking varnish烤漆baking enamel烘烤搪瓷baking coating烘烤涂层balance天平、平衡、对称、比较、差额balanced bridge平衡电桥balanced ingot半镇静钢钢锭balanced method平衡法、零点（补偿）测量法balanced mill（上辊不传动的）二辊式轧板机balanced reaction平衡反应balanced relay差动继电器、平衡继电器balanced running平衡运转、均衡运转（无跳动、无颤动）balanced steel半镇静钢、半脱氧钢balanced top roll（二辊周期式薄板轧机的）非传动上辊balanced force平衡力balance of heat热平衡balance of metal金属平衡balance-of-payments accounts收支平衡帐目核算balance on current account经常项目的平衡balance on goods and services货物与服务的平衡balance sheet平衡表、对照表balance tank高位储水槽、水塔balance type potentiometer平衡式电位计ball bearing滚珠轴承ball burnishing钢球抛光ball crusher球磨机baller切边卷取机ball forning machine钢球成型机ball impression球状压痕（布氏硬度试验的）balling machine切边卷取机balling up卷取（切边）、收集、积聚（氧化铁皮）ballizing表面喷丸处理ball mandrel球形芯轴、求形芯棒、球形顶杆ball peening喷丸硬化（处理）ball penetrator球形压头（硬度计的）ball rolling mill钢球轧机band地带、带、条、绑扎、波段、光带、能带band edge（板带材的）轧制的边banded orientation带状组织banded precipition带状沉淀banded roll辊身表面压嵌着氧化铁皮的轧辊band filter带通滤波器band guide带材导板band hot mill带材热轧机banding machine打包机banding steel带钢banding iron（窄）带钢b and not a gate禁止门、b“与”a非门band pass filter带通滤波器band pickling machine带材酸洗机bands of deformation形变带bands of secondary slip二次滑移带band steel带钢（碳含量小于0.12%）band theory能带理论band cooling冷床冷却bar杆、棒、棒材、条钢、型钢（圆、六角、矩、方形、异形及窄厚扁材）、巴（英国1巴=106达因/厘米2，其他国家1巴=0.75×10-3毫米汞柱）bar and shape mill型材轧机bar and tube straightening machine管棒矫直机bar bench棒材拉拔机bar drawing长芯棒拔管、棒材拔制bar iron rolling mill小型钢材轧机bar iron rolling train条钢轧机机组barium silicate硅酸钡bar mill小型轧机（生产简单断面和异形断面的）bar mill feed小型型材轧机用坯barometric pressure大气压barrel桶、卷筒、炉腰、（盛钢桶塞棒的）套筒、轧辊辊身、（光栅的）桶形失真barrel diameter辊身直径barrelling辊身做出凸度、滚筒抛光、转筒喷涂法barrel roll辊身barrel rolling operation滚筒碾轧操作barrel shaped roll桶形轧辊barrel switch鼓形转换开关barrel twister扭转辊barrel type furnace分段式加热炉、快速加热炉（加热管材、焊管坯）bar tin锡块、锡锭bar type current transformer母线式电流互感器bar finishing棒材精整bar（steel rolled）stock棒材、条材、小型型钢（圆钢、方钢、六角钢、窄扁钢和角钢等）bar strip薄板坯bar straightener型钢矫直机bar throw off gear轧件拔出装置（从辊道拔往冷床）base基、基点、基数、基准、底（子）、座、碱、基极、管底、固定式炉底、地脚板base coat底涂层base stand（罩式炉）炉台座basic碱的、碱性的、碱式的、基性的、基础的、根本的、基本的basic converter碱性转炉basic oxygen process碱性氧气转炉炼钢法BOPbasic oxygen furnace scrap碱性氧气转炉用废钢basic structure of unstrained crystals未变形晶体的基本结构basic study基础理论研究basic work hardening基本加工硬化bastard oval（pass）凹底椭圆孔型batch一批、一炉、一叠（钢板）、坯料、加料、程序组、零料batch annealing分批退火、室式炉退火batching set up配料装置batch number批号batch type annealing plant罩式退火炉设备batch type annealing line室式退火机组作业线、分批退火作业线batch type annealing tin plate罩式退火镀锡板bath浴、池、槽、熔体、熔池、电解液bath tank电解槽、电镀槽bath viscosity电解质粘度beaded pearlite粒状珠光体beaded joint圆根焊缝、角焊缝、窄焊道焊接beader（板材）弯边机、卷边工具beam束、道、柱（光）、注、射束、波束、梁、用波束导航、条形砖beam mill钢梁轧机beam（of）housing机架横梁beam of X-rays X-射线beam roughing method平轧法beam with one overhanging end悬臂梁beam with fixed ends固定梁bearer载体、托架、支座bearing轴承、方位、方向、支架、支点、支承面、电杆、铁塔bearing plate bars钢轨垫板bearing shell轴承壳、轴瓦bearing seat轴承座bed床、垫、工作台、床层、底料、炉底、穿孔机下摸、基础bed die底模bedding in（拉模的）研磨bell钟、钟形物、锥、喇叭口、料钟、料盖bell type annealing（furnace）罩式退火炉bell of die拉模入口锥bellows膜合、波纹管、手用吹风器belt带、皮带、炉腰、皮带运输机belt polishing砂带抛光belt slip皮带跑偏、皮带滑移belt tracking皮带跑偏belt wrapper皮带助卷机bench台架、拉丝机、拉拔机、拉床bend弯曲、折弯、转弯、转折、偏转、弯管、弯头、曲拐、曲柄bending backup roller set弯曲支持辊组bending crack弯裂、弯曲裂纹bending creep test弯曲蠕变试验bend（ing）deflection挠度、弯曲垂度、弯度bending die（焊管用的）成型模、压弯模bending ductility弯曲塑性bending failure弯曲断裂bending fatigue resistance弯曲疲劳强度bending flexure弯曲、挠曲bending former diameter弯曲样板直径bending impact properties冲击弯曲性能bending jig弯曲试验装置、弯曲夹具bending method （of rolling）蝶形轧制法（角钢）弯曲轧制法bending modulus弯曲模数bending moment弯曲力矩bending of glide lamellate 滑移层弯曲bending pass弯曲孔型bending rigidity抗弯刚度bending roller弯曲辊bending rolls弯板机bending test piece弯曲试验试样bending trestle弯曲试验台bending up method碟形孔型轧制法（轧制角钢）bending –up roll device弯辊装置bending yield point弯曲屈服点bending plane弯曲面bend toughness弯曲韧性beneficiation plant选矿厂bent排架、横向构架、弯曲bent strand continuous casting mchine立弯式连铸机bent strip镰刀形（缺陷）带材bent tubing弯管加工besel监视窗、监视孔Bessemer ladle盛钢桶、钢（水）罐best bright finish冷轧钢带表面的高光洁度（3号光洁度）best charcoal tin plate最优厚锡层镀锡薄钢板beta rayβ射线beta thickness gaugeβ射线测厚仪bethanized wire电镀锌钢丝between pass annealing轧制道次间退火、中间退火bevel斜面、斜角、斜削、（焊管坯的）斜边bevel cut斜切面bevel face斜面bevel gear斜齿轮、圆锥齿轮biaxial stress平面应力、双轴应力bichromate 重铬酸盐bidirectional operation双向操作big end up ingot上大下小钢锭big end up mould上大下小锭模big mill开坯轧机、粗轧机big scale work大型工程billet条、块、坯料、钢坯、方坯、毛坯billet and bar shear钢坯-型钢剪切机billet caster方坯连铸机billet chipper钢坯清理装置billet cleaning unit坯料清理机组billet discharge conveyer钢坯输出辊道billeteer钢坯剥皮机billet elevator坯料升降（堆垛）台billet heating furnace钢坯加热炉billet loading unit供坯装置billet marker坯料打印机billet mill钢坯轧机billet racks钢坯冷床billet reheating furnace钢坯加热炉billet roll钢坯轧辊billet sizer管坯回转定径机billet steel钢坯billet storage坯料仓库billet switch坯料分配器billet unscrambler钢坯自动堆垛机billet yard坯料仓库bill of loading装货表bill of materials材料表billy roll轧机机座进口或出口处的水平导向辊bimetal双金属、复合钢材bimetallic article双金属制品binary phase diagram二元相图bind扎、捆、粘合、结合、赋值binder粘合剂、粘结剂、绑扎用钢丝、打包用线材、固定夹（砂箱用）binder material粘合剂、粘合料、渗碳剂binder metal金属粘合剂binder agent粘结剂binding machine打包机、捆扎机binomial distribution二项式分布binary-coded decimal二进制编码的十进制、二-十进制BCDbit小量、刀头、比特（二进制信息单位）、位、二进制数码bite辊缝、咬入bite speed咬入速度bite condition咬入条件black dot黑斑、黑点blacking wash黑涂料black iron oxide四氧化三铁black iron ore（同magnetic（iron）ore）黑铁矿、雌铁矿Fe3O4black light filter不可见光过滤片、紫外光过滤器black oxide finish（钢表面的）氧化发黑处理black patches黑斑点（板带材上未酸洗或欠酸洗部分）black pickling初酸洗、粗酸洗black pipe非镀锌管、无镀层管black plate黑钢板（未镀的）blade clearance剪刀间隙blade holder刀片架、锯条夹blade rake刀片倾斜度blade side clearance刀片侧间隙blank半制品、毛坯、坯件、空位、间隔、闸板blanking die冲裁模、冲压模blanking press落料压力机、冲料压力机blank sample坯料试样blast爆炸、冲击浪、鼓风、吹炼、鼓风机、喷砂blast air heater空气预热器blast breakout漏风blast blower鼓风机blast cleaning喷丸清理blind area死区、不灵敏区blind die深冲模blind pass空轧孔型block闭塞、断路、方块部件、块、件、部分、组、工场、工作间、铸锭、板坯、扁坯、拉丝卷筒、拉丝机、砌块、（配电盘的）盘段block diagram方块图、框图。
