一．词语修辞格
(1) simile 明喻
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物
I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet a s a bird .―C an I have these old qui lts?‖
②Hair is all over his head a foot l ong and hanging from his chin like
a kinky mule tail.
③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的） barley pancake.
④The oratorial（雄辩
的） storm that Clarence Darrow a nd Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like
a fresh wind though the schools…
⑤I see also the dull（迟钝
的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile （易驯服的）, brutish（粗野
的） masses of the Hun soldiery pl odding（沉重缓慢地
走） on like a swarm
（群） of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（1） metaphor 暗喻
暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。Education is not the filling of a pail 桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( Wil liam B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre （忧郁的） cavern（洞
穴） of a room,…
②Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americ a
③main artery（干线）
of transportation in the young nati on's heart
④The Duchess of Croydon kept fi rm, tight rein on her racing mind.
⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）.
⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall figh t him in the air, until, with God’s h elp, we have rid the earth of his sh adow and liberated its peoples fro m his yoke（枷锁）.
（2） metonymy 借代，转喻
用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。The White House has denied the r eport that more troops will be sent to Iraq.
He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。
He is too fond of the bottle (=drink ing). 他太贪杯了。
①The Washington Post, in an edi torial captioned "Keep Your Old W ebster's"
②...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐）
（3） synecdoche 提喻
以部分指代整体
1. We are lack of hands. （han
ds 指代人手，劳动力）
2. The case had erupted round my
head. （head指代整个人）3. Or what of those sheets and jet
s of air that are now being use
d, in place of(代
替) old-fashioned oak and hing
es ...
4. But neither his vanity nor his pu
rse is any concern of the dictio
nary's（purse指代金钱）（4） personification 拟人
把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。
① The young moon lies on her b ack…
②Every here and there, a doorwa y gives a glimpse of a sunlit（阳光照射
的） courtyard, perhaps before a
mosque or a caravanserai, where c amels lie disdainfully（轻蔑
的） chewing their hay（干草）…
③...to literature's enduring gratit ude...（文学的持续感激）
④The grave world smiles as usua
l...
⑤Bitterness fed on the man...（痛苦为人类提供食物）
（5） transferred epithet 移
就修饰转移
把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。(转移描述词; 移就修辞格）
①Darrow had whispered throwin
g a reassuring arm round my shoul der
②The obese（极为肥胖
的） body shook in an appreciative chuckle.
③I have been exhilarated by two
days of storms, but above all I lov e these long purposeless days in w hich I shed all that I have ever bee n. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)
（6） hyperbole 夸张
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气
①The roadway is about twelve fe et wide, but it is narrowed every fe w yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold .
②It is a vast, sombre（忧郁的，严峻的） cavern（洞
穴） of a room so thick with dust o
f centuries.
③If Hitler invaded Hell and I wo uld make at least a favorable refer ence to the Devil in the House of C ommons.
④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of exist ence is wrung so hardly from the s oil, but where there are still primor dial human joys, where maidens la ugh and children play.
⑤...cruise through eternal boyho od and ...endless summer of freed om...
⑥The trial that rocked the world
⑦His reputation as an authority o n Scripture is recognized througho ut the world."
（7） oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Parting is such sweet sorrow. ( 别离是这样甜蜜的凄清)
a thunderous silence 无声胜有声
a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观
Dudley Field Malene called my con viction a, "victorious defeat. "
（8） euphemism 委婉语
作为一种修辞格，Euphemism (委婉)指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段，得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。其主要修辞作用是在语言表达上减少刺激性和敏感性，从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。
英语委婉语数量众多，其运用范围涉及到社会生活诸领域，大致可概括为以下四个方面
有关疾病、残疾、衰老、死亡的委婉语
①… a motley band of Confederat
e guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.
②...men's final release from eart hly struggle
（9） Irony反语
the use of words to express so mething different from and oft en opposite to their literal mea ning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法
Thanks to his brilliant leadership, o ur company is now bankrupt.
You are really good. You ruined ev erything.
①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan
②… until we are marching backw ards to the glorious age of the sixt eenth century
（10） sarcasm 讽刺
a cutting, often ironic remark i ntended to wound. 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。
My friend the attorney-general say s that John Scopes knows what he
is here for," Darrow drawled. "I k now what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigot ry(顽
固) are rampant, and it is a mighty strong combination.
①There is some doubt about that .
②a concept of how things get wri tten that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life
③the Post’ s editorial fails to expl ain what is wrong with the definiti on, we can only infer from "so sim ple" a thing that the writer takes t he plain, downright, man-in-the-str eet attitude that a door is a door a nd any damn fool knows that (12) ridicule（嘲笑）
有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑
或看不起的感情,
通常指用一些不太善意的或看起来比较滑稽和夸张的语言对不良的或愚蠢的行为进行揭露和批评。
④Bryan, ageing and paunchy, wa s assisted
⑤Resolutely he strode to the sta nd, carrying a palm fan like a swor
d to repel his enemies.
⑥Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
（11） pun 双关
①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.
②Benjamin Franklin: ―If we don’t hang together, we shall most assur edly hang separately.‖ (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
二、结构修辞格
（12） parallelism 排比
英语中Parallelism是并列使用两个或两个以上结构和功能相同的单词、短语或句子来表达相似、相关或相连的事物。
①We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall figh t him in the air.
②I see the Russian soldiers stand ing … I see them guarding... I see the ten thousand villages... I see t hat small group…
③that is our policy and that is ou r declaration
④We shall be fortified and encou raged in our efforts. We shall be st rengthened and not weakened in d etermination and resources.
⑤Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. L et us redouble our exertions…（13） repetition 重复
重复使用同一个字眼或意思相近的词，以达到强调的目的。
①We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.
②He has so long thrived and pro spered.
③We will never parley, we will ne ver negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.
④From this nothing will turn us---nothing.
（14） anticlimax 反高潮/突降 (C limax 层进法:逐渐增强达到顶点的修辞
法 I came, I saw, I conquered. )
突降法:从有重大意义的内容突然转入平淡内容
Alas！Alas！
What shall I do? I've lost my wife and best hat, too!哎呀哎呀！我怎么办呢？我失去了妻子，又丢了最好的帽子！
The duties of a soldier are to prote ct his country and peel potatoes.士兵的职责是保卫祖国和剥土豆皮。―Seldom has a city gained such wo rld renown, and I am proud and h appy to welcome you to Hiroshima , a town known throughout the wo rld for its-oysters‖.
(16) antithesis 对比
对照(或反对)是把意义相反的词、短语、句子放在对称的位置上，以表示事物、行为、品德、条件、效果等相对立或对比的修辞格，以平行结构进行表达，从而突出两个事物的鲜明对比。它相当于汉语对偶中的反对。
a) Any man or state who fights
on against Nazidom will h
ave our aid. Any man or st
ate who marches with Hitle
r is our foe…
b) "The Christian believes that
man came from above. Th
e evolutionist believes that
he must have come from
below
c) ...between what people clai
m to be and what they real
ly are.
d) ...a world which will lament
them a day and forget the
m forever
(17) rhetorical question 修辞疑问句
e) Was I not at the scene of th
e crime?
f) Who ever knew a Johnson w
ith a quick tongue? Who ca
n even imagine me looking
a strange white man in th
e eye?
g) In what conceivable way do
es our car concern you?
三、音韵修辞格
(18) 头韵法（alliteration）
在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
h) …as the fastest train in the
world slipped to a stop...
i) I felt sick, and ever since the
n they have been testing a
nd treating me.
j) Let us learn the lessons alre
ady taught by such cruel e
xperience
k) ...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-
brained sloths stayed at ho
me
l) ...with a dash and daring...
m) ...a recklessness of cost or
consequences...
n) …just as the cause of any R
ussian fighting for his hear
th and home is the cause o
f free men and free people
s in every quarter of the gl
obe.
o) I see also the dull, drilled, d
ocile, brutish masses of th
e Hun soldiery plodding on
like a swarm of crawling l
ocusts. (simile)
(19) 准押韵（Assonance），元韵，母韵，半谐音，
它是重读音节中元音的重复。between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much -clouted Third International (1961) (20) 辅韵（Consonance），
指的是词尾复印或句尾非重读音节的重复。
… when bigots lighted faggots to b urn...
(21) 拟声法(onomatopoeia)
它是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。
p) As you approach it, a tinklin
g and banging and clashin
g begins to impinge on you
r ear.
q) … its creaks blending with t
he squeaking and rumbling
of the grinding-wheels an
d th
e occasional grunts an
d sighs of th
e camels.
r) The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?” ② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （1）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）. （2）metonymy 借代，转喻 用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 ① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" ② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐） （3）synecdoche 提喻 以部分指代整体
常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock
Unit 1 Where Do I Go from Here? 1.Antithesis: 1)···so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. 2)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free) 3)Let us be dissatisfied until···will be judged on the basis of content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin. 4)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair. 5)Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterday of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrow. 2.Parallel structure: 1)The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earlier history books and as contemporary as the morning’s newspaper. (Para.5) 2)Let us realize that William Cullen Bryant is right: “Truth crushed to```” Let us go out to realizing that··· 3.Metaphor： 1)The negro will only be free when he reaches···and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation 2)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace. 3)Personal conflicts among husbands，wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. 4)Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps pf history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. 5)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. 6)There will be still rocky places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment. 7) A high blood pressure of creeds 8)The battering rams 4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.------Parallel structure and Antithesis 5.It is something like improving the food in the prison which the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.------ simile 6.Without recognizing this we will end up solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.-------Paradox and Parallel structure 7.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.-----Metaphor(compare the long history of slavery to a long night)、Antithesis (psychological freedom vs. physical slivery) 8.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
高英修辞手法 Personification: 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you... 2. dancing flashes 3. the beam groan ... and protesting 4. where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, 5. life dealt him profound personal tragedies... 6. the river had acquainted him with ... 7. ...to literature's enduring gratitude... 8. ...an entry that will determine his course forever... 9. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 10. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Hyperbole 1) ... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of ye ars 2) innumerable lamps 3) with the dust of centuries 4) I see the ten thousand villages … 5) ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... 6) America laughed with him. 7) . The trial that rocked the world 8) His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. 9) Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
Lesson7 : Simile: 1.their high calls rising like the swallows? crossing flights over the music and the singing--simile（Para 1, line 11） 2.The crowds along the racecourse are like a fields of grass and flowers in the winds.---simile(Para 6,line112) 3.Children dodged in and out, their high calls risi ng like the swsllows' crossing flights over the mus ic and the singing. Metaphor: 1.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor（Para 1, line 22） 2.The air of morning wasa€|under the dark blue of the sky. In the silence of the broad green meadows one coul da€|broke out into the great joypus clanging of th e bells. Irony: 1.To exchange all the goodness and grace of every life in Omelas for that single, small improvement; to throw away the happiness of thousands for the chance of the happiness of one: that would be to let guilt within the walls indeed.(paragraph 10) 2.I thought at first there were no drugs, but that is puritanical.(para3)
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语课文修辞总 结
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
高英修辞 Unit 10 1，community cannot complete with shopping malls……70-hour workweek (metonymy) 2，we tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden (simile) 3，…as pre-9/11 world drifts away on its raft of memory (metaphor) 4，Meanwhile, post 9/11 era looms like an unmapped wilderness (simile) 5，…which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue, when actually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinion is, like America itself, multihued (metonymy) 6，This Frankensteinian creation asserts that consumption is an American value, extols the nepenthean powers of the dollar (allusion) 7，A mushroom cloud blooming over a seaport city, a human being with her skin burned off, a skeletal corpse embracing a child seize skeletal corpse (metaphor) 8，What messages do Hiroshima and Babi Yar, or Dresden and Antietam, have for us? (antonomasia) 9，How do we move from anxiety to action? From insecurity to confidence, from national paranoia to collective poise? (comrast) 10，Is our democracy so fragile that four airplane bombs can erode 335 years of liberty? (parody) Unit 9 1, the badger and the elk, the badger and the bear (alliteration) 2, descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain (metaphorically) 3, so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company (alliteration) 4, brittle and brown willow and witch hazed (alliteration) Unit 4 1, killing in the house (metaphor) 2, the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake (metaphor) 3, a room of one’s own (metaphor) 4, butcher’s bill (metonymy) 5, it was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews (metonymy) Unit3 1, tectonic: metaphor 2, cloning: metaphor 3, fountainhead: metaphor 4, pocket: is used figuratively 5, marry: metaphor 6, it is still played all over Asia in the small rooms that are full of smoke (antonomasia) 7, it is also plated by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side (metonymy 8, A contrast is made between old shanghai and shanghai in the 1990s
Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2