高三上学期期末考试英语试题

2023-2024学年山东省烟台市高三上学期期末考试英语试题Literary festivals all over the USA offer opportunities for readers to meet their favorite authors and learn about their new projects. You can start planning your next literary vacation!Summer WordsDates: June 19-22Price: FreeIt’s one of America’s most respected literary festivals and writing conferences. Authors are able to attend advanced workshops in order to improve the craft of writing. Besides, they can meet editors and literary agents and attend public panel discussions to gain inspiration and insight.Book BonanzaDates: June 23-24Price: $250It is a celebration of books covering multiple styles and always nets a huge list of incredible author attendees. What makes it stand out, however, is not just its impressive list of attendees: it’s the charitable focus. All proceeds are donated to charitable causes, including those that benefit women and children.Los Angeles Times Festival of BooksDates: April 22-23Price: Free, although indoor panels will require ticketsIt is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community, with book signings, panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts, art performances and book giveaways. The two-day event has grown to become an essential element of the L.A. cultural scene. Imaginarium Book FestivalDates: May 20-21Price: Free, but VIP tickets for early entry to signing rooms ($45), tickets for the brunch ($50)It celebrates all things about fantasy and science fiction. In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions, you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.1. In which literary festival can you catch a show?A．Summer Words.B．Book Bonanza.C．Los Angeles Times Festival of Books.D．Imaginarium Book Festival.2. What is special about Book Bonanza?A．Its profits go to charity.B．It’s meant for women and children.C．It doesn’t charge admission fee.D．It features workshops for notable writers.3. What can you do in Imaginarium Book Festival?A．Get an author-signed photograph.B．Dine with your admiring writers.C．Interact with science fiction supermen.D．Obtain one-on-one reading training.In a video submitted to a nationwide science competition, Heman Bekele from Virginia spelled out his mission briefly — cure cancer, one bar of soap at a time. He created a cheap soap that could potentially help fight skin can cer. His invention won him the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, an annual competition that invites students in grades five through eight to “change their world for the better with a single innovative idea”, on O ctober 10, 2023.At age 4, Heman moved to America from Ethiopia, where he always saw people constantly working under the hot sun. While he considered ideas for the competition, it struck him that so many people in his hometown were unaware of the risk of sun exposure. The recollections fueled his decision to focus his research on skin cancer.“I hoped to make my idea something that not only was great in terms of science but also could be affordable for as many people as possible,” Heman said. As he initiall y thought about his approach, Heman wanted his product to be something as much of a “constant” in people’s life as possible, an item that was most convenient in contrast to other medicinal products.In June 2023, he was selected as a top-ten finalist and paired with 3M product engineering specialist Deborah Isabelle to develop and test a physical prototype (原型) of his idea. It took the pair four months of trial and error to create “Skin Cancer Treating Soap” (SCTS). The bar contains chemicals that restore t he body’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells. Once reconstructed, dendritic cells, the body’s first line of defense against cancer and infections, are capable of fighting against cancer cells. SCTS, which costs just 50 cents a bar, still has to undergo clinical trials. The process could take over five years.Heman’s plan for the soap stretches far beyond the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He also hopes to start a nonprofit todist ribute the soap in the future. “There is still a lot left to do,” the 14-year-old teenager said.4. What inspired Heman’s idea for the invention?A．Folk tales. B．Childhood memories.C．Working experiences. D．Medical observations.5. In which aspect did Heman want his product to differ from other treatments?A．Accessibility. B．Function. C．Security. D．Effectiveness. 6. How does SCTS work?A．It minimizes solar radiation. B．It kills cancer cells directly.C．It reactivates destroyed cells. D．It removes viruses from the skin.7. Which of the following best describes Heman according to the last paragraph?A．Industrious and sociable. B．Ambitious and caring.C．Intelligent and competitive. D．Sensitive and conservative.Andrea Lankford quit her job after spending 12 years as a National Park Service forester specializing in search and rescue missions in scenic and remote American landscapes. However, decades later, three young hikers went missing on the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.Trail of the Lost was her answer.It’s an absorbing nonfiction narrative (叙事) about the three hikers, including their lives and those of the people looking for them. It also explores the history of the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surround it and those who undertake the 2,650-mile journey.The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers. Lankford offers a biography (传记) of each of the missing men and shows them through the eyes of those who knew them well and those who joined the search.Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them. Lankford played a role in each search but she allowed friends, family and even strangers to occupy center stage throughout most of the narrative. The story looks at the role of missing person Facebook groups in the searches and how crucial word of mouth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came forth and became instrumental in the searches or provided valuable information. But Lankford also writes of the many who lied for no apparent reason and confused the investigations.The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightforward style, Trail of the Lost is as full of hope and humanity as it is packed with pain, sorrow, danger and tension. Read it and you’ll find more than you seek.8. What led Lankford to write Trail of the Lost?A．Her love for her prior career.B．Her strong attachment to the PCT.C．The stress from the missing families.D．Her investigation into hikers’ disappearance.9. What is presented on the second level of the book?A．Efforts by different people in searches.B．A string of wilderness survival tips.C．Approaches to information classification.D．Respective stories of the three hikers.10. What’s the purpose of mentioning Lankford’s previous adventures?A．To promote her book.B．To make her a celebrity.C．To motivate hikers to challenge themselves.D．To stress the difficulty of hiking the PCT.11. What can we say about the book?A．It targets single youth.B．It’s a romantic novel.C．It’s based on actual events.D．It’s a detailed account of a journey.Do you have a favorite sport? Are you passionate about sewing or reading? Typically, you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them. Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities, your desire to participate in them diminishes?Edward Deci, a psychology professor, conducted a series of experiments, in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups: one was paid to complete a puzzle, and the other was not paid to. After money was removed, the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment. The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect, which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person’s i nternal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity. According to the self-determination theory, three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best: autonomy, freedom from external restrictions; competence, the need to feel capable, and relatedness, the need to feel connected with others. In Deci’s experiment,money acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autonomy, a crucial component of internal motivation, discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions. The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun.But if external stimulation is tied to performance, the overjustification effect is less influential. For example, being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions.While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation, some strategies can lower its impact. One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards. For instance, praising an individual’s effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation. Additionally, allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works. By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks, individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement.12. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Remains. B．Weakens. C．Ceases. D．Solidifies.13. How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment?A．By interpreting a concept.B．By presenting an argument.C．By making a comparison.D．By describing a phenomenon.14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3?A．The skills needed for a puzzle.B．The core elements of inner drives.C．The impact of autonomy on competence.D．The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect.15. Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect?A．Speaking highly of a pupil’s hard work.B．Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin.C．Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines.D．Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty.Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant. 16 You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you! Read on for tips for overcoming culture shock in a short time.When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land. 17 So keep your expectations low.Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to, it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing —different isn’t necessarily bad. 18Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst. 19 Plus, you’ll make some friends who can ease your transformation.Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people. 20 Go out there and have fun!Leigh Ann Sondrup, a devoted nurse at Valleywise, earned the title of a hero after a remarkable off-duty rescue.The extraordinary chain of events unfolded as Sondrup was heading home from _________ one morning. Having just completed her fourth straight night shift, she was _________. Driving on State Route 143 near Sky Harbor, Sondrup suddenly noticed a horrible situation in the distance. As she_________, she found a concrete truck had overturned, with a man _________ inside.Emergency first responders had not yet made it to the _________. Despite her tiredness, Sondrup didn’t _________ to make a decision to inter vene.She _________ her car. No other cars were moving on the road, _________ her to safely walk across the usually busy highway. She got closer to the truck and then quickly _________ the situation. She discovered the driver was still conscious, but severely injured and losing __________ at an alarming rate. Every second counted. She __________ crawled (爬) underneath the overturned truck. In a display of resourcefulness, she __________ the man’s belt to stop the bleeding.Months later, the man who had suffered a life-threatening injury reached out to Sondrup to express his gratitude for a second __________ at life. The Phoenix Fire Department recognized Sondrup for her __________ actions. When interviewed, Sondrup said she maintained a strong __________ that everyone serves a purpose in life and that she was glad to have done her part when duty called. 21.A．exercise B．work C．vacation D．school 22.A．high-spirited B．cut-off C．worn-out D．heart-broken 23.A．awoke B．wandered C．departed D．approached 24.A．trapped B．transported C．questioned D．laid25.A．office B．scene C．hospital D．base26.A．continue B．attempt C．offer D．hesitate 27.A．held onto B．warmed up C．pulled over D．backed up 28.A．forcing B．allowing C．reminding D．requiring 29.A．controlled B．pictured C．assessed D．revealed 30.A．blood B．heart C．balance D．strength 31.A．accidentally B．secretly C．curiously D．quickly 32.A．marked B．employed C．swung D．fetched 33.A．encounter B．choice C．lesson D．chance 34.A．courageous B．optimistic C．amusing D．effortless 35.A．assumption B．proposal C．belief D．character阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

驻马店市2023—2024学年度高三年级期末统一考试英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt？A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. What does the woman ask the boy to stop doing?A. Getting out of the elevator.B. Going to the playground.C. Jumping in the elevator.2. What will happen about the city center?A. There will be more pollution.B. There will be more parking areas.C. There will be more bicycle tracks.3. How will the woman pay?A. In cash.B. By credit card.C. By check.4. Why is the woman unsatisfied with the fish?A. It tastes terrible.B. It is served too late.C. It’s not what she ordered.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. At a gas station.C. In a theatre.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2023-2024学年山东省日照市高三上学期1月期末校际联合考试英语试题 Tours and Tickets to Experience Ubud Monkey Forest Overview Have a great day out in Ubud on this full day out, where you will visit the Monkey Forest, take a jungle swing, walk through the rice terrace, learn about the water temple, explore the culture and countryside of Ubud, and also spend time at the waterfalls. Round trip transfers are included in the price from most places. Note that entrance fees and lunch are extra expenses.

What’s Included ● English speaking driver ● Parking Fee ●Private Transport with Comfortable Air Conditioner Car ● Entrance fee and Jungle Swing are included (if you select the Ubud Tour—All Inclusive) ●Pick Up Service: Ubud, Kuta, Seminyak, Canggu, Legian, Jimbaran, Nusa Dua, Sanur Additional Information ●Confirmation will be received at time of booking ●Not wheelchair accessible ●Babies must sit on laps ● No recommendation for pregnant (怀孕) travelers ● No heart problems or other serious medical conditions Cancellation Policy You can cancel up to 24 hours in advance of the experience for a full refund(退款). For a full refund, you must cancel at least 24 hours before the experience’s start time ● If you cancel less than 24 hours before the experience’s start time, the amount you paid will not be refunded. ●Any changes made less than 24 hours before the experience’s start time will not be accepted. ●This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund.

2023年上海市松江区高三英语第一学期期末考试试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．the key to the car when my boss came towards me.Finally I could drive himhome as usual.A．Never had I found B．Seldom did I findC．Hardly had I found D．No sooner did I find2．We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should goin .A．company B．sympathy C．association D．harmony3．——Will you require anything else?——Yes, I like a whisky.A．will B．shall C．should D．might4．Either side seems to have a(n) _________ position; there are still many uncertainties on this issue.A．ambiguous B．delicate C．explicit D．confidential5．We have only twenty minutes left，so please get to the point and don’t say anything that isn’t ________ to our problem.A．relevant B．sensitiveC．familiar D．similar6．It was ______ we were returning home ______ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A．when; before B．when; thatC．before; where D．how; that7．—Amazing! You wear slippers at work.—Don’t you know it’s a fashion?A．must B．should C．can D．may8．—Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again!—_____ , she can’t find her keys.A．Typically B．Occasionally C．Accordingly D．Particularly9．—Mum, I don’t think I am qualified e nough to do this．—Honey, be confident! You should know it is _____ a man thinks of himself …really determines his fate．A．that; that B．how; that C．what; that D．that; how10．We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight. A．were enjoying B．would have enjoyedC．would be enjoying D．will enjoy11．We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent。

天津市河东区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题第I卷（选择题共115分）一、听力理解（共15小题；1-5每小题1分，6-15每小题1.5分；满分20分）略二、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. — Mike didn’t do well in his maths exam.— ______? He has been working so hard on it.A. How comeB. So whatC. What forD. Why not 【答案】A【解析】考查情景交际。

句意：——迈克数学考试考得不好。

——怎么会呢？他一直在努力学习。

A. How come怎么会呢；B. So what那又怎样；C. What for为了什么；D. Why not 为什么不呢。

根据上下句句意可知，此处为短语How come表示“怎么会呢”，是惊讶的表现，满足句意要求。

故选A项。

2. Every school into the competition will have a chance to win $2,000 ______ of computing equipment.A. priceB. worthC. valueD. cost 【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：比赛中每个学校都有机会赢得价值两千元的电脑设备。

A. price价格；B. worth值……钱；C. value价值；D. cost花费。

根据空前的$2,000可知，本题采用“货币单位+worth+of+名词”的结构，表示“价值……的东西”，故选B。

3. The website provides local reports. ______, visitors can download pictures of the city.A. In additionB. As usualC. According toD. In addition to【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。

2024年1月济南市高三期末学习质量检测英语试题本试卷共10页。

满分120分。

考试用时100分钟。

注意事项：1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2. 选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0. 5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AA recent landing on the moon has awakened or renewed people’s enthusiasm for the stars and space exploration. Here are four trip ideas to inspire those would-be astronauts and astronomers.Kennedy Space Center AmericaThe NASA-operated Kennedy Space Center is a must for ambitious astronauts and space-lovers Hands-onexperiences range from live presentations delivered by astronauts to the new Astronaut Training Experience Center. Children aged 10 to 17 can experience spacewalking and exploring Mars.North York Moors, EnglandAs an International Dark Sky Reserve in the world, this lovely part of Yorkshire, England is host to the UK’s family-friendly National Parks Dark Skies festival. Well timed to the latter part of autumn half term in England, the festival includes bat-box making, evenings with winter birds and moonlit coastal walks.Pic du Midi, FranceThere are few observatories where you can observe stars before retiring to a comfortable cabin and watch the sunrise. Getting to the Pic du Midi Observatory is also an adventure by itself, involving a ride on two cable-cars up,.to a 2,877-meter-high mountain. The guided astronomy sessions help kids discover Saturn (土星) and its rings via powerful telescopes.Mount Teide, SpainHome to the largest solar observatory in the world, it sits on Spain’s highest mountain. Ride the cable-car up for a scientist-led tour, which includes the chance to observe the Sun through hand-held solar telescopes. The special family tour includes an attractive 90-minute workshop exploring how observatory physicists carry out their research.1. Which trip suits the teenagers expecting a face-to-face contact with astronauts?A. Kennedy Space Center.B. North York Moors.C. Mount Teide.D. Pic du Midi.2. What can visitors do on a trip to Yorkshire?A. Attend live presentations.B. Observe the rings of Saturn.C. Enjoy the sea view at night.D. Learn about physicists’ work.3. What do Pic du Midi and Mount Teide have in common?A. They accommodate family tourists.B. They include a tour led by scientists.C. They offer free hand-held telescopes.D. They are located on high mountains.BA rising star from Virginia has secured the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation — a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer. At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge, standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS).Bekele’s brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable, but also has the potential to reactivate the body’s natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer. In Bekele’s own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of soap at a time. ”He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas. Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn’t help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure.“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience,” Bekeleexpressed during an interview with the media. He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans.During his presentation, Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into “a symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all.”Over the coming five years, Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer.4. What made Bekele an instant hit?A. Starting a soap fashion.B. Overcoming skin cancer.C. Being the youngest scientist.D. Creating a soap against skin cancer.5. What inspired Bekele to invent SCTS?A. His concern for others.B. His adventure in childhood.C. His enthusiasm for technology.D. His interest in medical knowledge.6. What will Bekele do in the near future?A. Obtain official approval.B. Visit undeveloped areas.C. Increase the availability of the soap.D. Update the facilities of production.7. Which of the following can best describe Bekele?A. Inspiring and modest.B. Humorous and positive.C Creative and considerate. D. Curious and independent..CIn the animal world, speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals, which puts them high on the food chain. It would seem that all animals would go for speed, but then there’s the sloth (树懒). While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds, it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters.Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves. And for this, they are extremely rare. While most of the land world is covered in trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home. The aim of a 2016 study, says Jonathan Pauli, a University of Alabama professor of forest and wildlife ecology, was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique. “Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles”, says Pauli. “When you picture animals that live off plant leaves, they are almost all big-things like deer. What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.”For their research, Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site. When the researchersmeasured the energy use of sloths, they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day. And for this, they take the cake: it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物).“The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day,”says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating-so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace.Their reward? A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own, one slow inch at a time.8. Why is a lion mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To admire lions’ speed.B. To state sloths’ weakness.C. To confirm lions’ lead position.D. To highlight sloths’ uniqueness.9. What is the 2016 study mainly about?A. The lifestyle of sloths.B. The diet of vertebrates.C. The species of rare animals.D. The energy use of creatures.10. What does the underlined part “take the cake” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Break down.B. Keep on.C. Stand out.D. Grow up.11. What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words?A. Their slow pace is a balanced choice.B. They are in face of possible extinction.C. Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite.D. They suffer a lot against natural enemies.DFrom the day we’re born, curiosity becomes a primary driving force that motivates us to explore unknown ideas and territories in search of answers and stimulations. Human beings have an inborn desire to close the “curiosity gap” every day.A recent study found that curiosity can be a highly effective way to lead people to make smarter and healthier lifestyle choices. Evan Polman, assistant professor of marketing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said, “Our research shows that fueling people’s curiosity can influence their choices by turning them away from inviting desires, like unhealthy foods or taking the elevator, and toward less inviting but healthier options, such as buying more fresh produce or taking the stairs.”To prove the positive potential of the curiosity gap, Polman and his team conducted a series of experiments designed to test how curiosity affected the choices people made positively. In each study, arousing curiosityresulted in noticeable behavior change. For example, in one of the experiments, Polman increased the number of participants who chose to watch a video of academic nature by promising that they would reveal the secret behind a magic trick at the end of the video.The results of the field studies on curiosity were particularly convincing to Polman. In one field study, the researchers created a 10 percent increase in the use of stairs in a university building by posting trivial (琐事) questions near the elevators and posting the answers in the stairwell. In another, they increased the purchase of fresh produce by placing a joke on the posters describing the fruit or vegetable.Polman was surprised by the degree that taking advantage of the curiosity gap could motivate people to automatically make healthier lifestyle choices. He concluded, “Our results suggest that using interventions based on curiosity gaps has the potential to increase participation in desired behaviors for which people often lack motivation. It also provides new evidence that curiosity-based interventions come at an incredibly small cost and could help push people toward a variety of positive actions. ”12. What did a recent study find about curiosity?A. It fuels people’s desires.B. It lowers people’s buying.C. It benefits people’s health.D. It determines people’s lives.13. What are those experiments by Polman’s team aimed at?A. Supporting a finding.B. Raising a research topic.C. Arousing scientists’ interest.D. Displaying negative evidence.14. What is Polman’s attitude to the results of field studies?A. Doubtful.B. Unclear.C. Approving.D. Dismissive.15. What is a suitable title for the text?A. How to stay curiousB. The magic of curiosityC. How to make health choicesD. The two sides of curiosity gap第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。

静安区2024-2025学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2024.12 考生留意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，全部答题必需涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考试号和姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特殊留意，不能错位。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bus station. B. At a gas station.C. At a military museum.D. At a mobile phone shop.2. A.3. B. 5. C. 8. D. 11.3. A. He had difficulty going to sleep at night.B. He stayed up late watching TV series.C. He produced an attractive TV series.D. He had to buy a new sleeping pillow.4. A. The woman should clean up the closet.B. The woman has bought too many new clothes.C. The woman should put on some weight.D. The woman should buy more clothes.5. A. The sunlight will bum up the jacket.B. The beach is too cold.C. She is proud of her dark skin color.D. The sunlight is helpful to her.6. A. Many activities were arranged in the bookshop.B. Many people were listening to a writers lecture.C. The bookshop was popular because of the book resources.D. People went to the bookshop to get free books.7. A. Customers can pay cash.B. There are more varieties of goods.C. Customers can get a bargain price.D. Customers can receive the goods faster.8. A. Peter isn't in his hometown himselfB. Peter isn't their good friend.C. Peter is unlikely to appear to pick them up.D. Peter owns an empty house in his hometown.9. A. Do a part-time job on campus.B. Borrow money from the woman.C. Obtain financial assistance from school.D. Study a practical case on campus.10. A. The man had a bad time eating with his boss.B. The man had a stomachache after lunch.C. The man enjoys eating with co-workers.D. The man is particular about the food he eats.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two Passages and one longer conversation. After eachpassage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.ers can choose height range.B. Users can improve their eyesight.C. Users can select the SPF of the cream.D. Users can get a full exposure to the cream.12.A.The laziness of the inventor.B. The needs of the hotels.C. The fund the inventor obtained.D. The online usage video.13.A.Inserting coins into the equipment.B. Paying cash to the inventor.C. Buying Snappy Screen card.D. Paying for the hotel room.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14.A.He got a medal for courage.B. He would become a French citizen.C. He got a position in the fire service.D. He received a large sum of money.15.A.He was playing a game.B. He was sleeping in the balcony.C. He was staying with his family.D. He was injured.16. A. The balcony was not strong enough.B. The boy's father left him alone at home.C. The house was on fire.D. Firemen broke into the house.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A.The origin of AI technology.B. The bad influences AI might bring.C. The changes AI brings to humans.D. The waterproof feature of AI technology.18.A.Too few people he has interviewed.B. The inferior AI products on the market.C. The lack of resources on AI theory.D. The lack of fund for the study.19.A.It is located in the downtown area.B. It has professional staff.C. It offers great online resource.D. It opens to general public free of charge.20.A.To prove that the applicant has legal income.B. To guarantee applicant's ability to pay overdue fine.C. To use the bank card as the membership card.D. To pay the membership fee.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank."I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also, I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economic climate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ anannual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to __31__at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin __32__ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can __33__. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质)__34__. The Integra “dermis”is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause __36__ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not __37__ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many __38__ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing __39 __ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system-a mechanism that allows babiesto develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be __40__ by the patient's body.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matte r of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover kids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room for ___55___ keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along.41. A. step beyond B. turn off C. see through D. make up42. A. rewarding B. tricky C. formalD. temporary43. A. individually B. thoroughly C. instantlyD. sincerely44. A. unique B. superior C. practical D. reliable45. A. acquire B. transfer C. imitate D. analyze46. A. recent B. distinct C. modest D. logical47. A. preservation B. employment C. adaption D. recognition48. A. background B. significance C. motivationD. routine49. A. To sum up B. In contrast C. In additionD. In general50. A. academic B. global C. financial D. original51. A. inspiration B. fame C. guidance D. solution52. A. offended B. dominated C. distracted D. rewarded53. A. studio B. bedroom C. garage D. garden54. A. Reflection B. Devotion C. Creativity D. Illustration55. A. negotiation B. profit C. criticismD. improvementSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. Whileflying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our food couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine （尿）everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectation(B)Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless(不锈的) Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer(温度计) FGTHO550by Rubbermaid Commercial Products4.3 out of 5 stars 2,274 customer reviewsPrice: $7.01Color: MetallicMade of wearable stainless steel, this oven thermometer isdesigned to endure the test of the toughest professional and homekitchens. The scale reads in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, and itfeatures clearly marked temperature differences to aid accuratereadings. Easy to install, the thermometer comes equipped with a convenient hanger, so it can be suspended from an oven rail. Its self-standing design also allows it to stand upright on a baking pan in the oven.Easy-to-Read DialThis oven thermometer measures and displays true oven temperature, helping to ensureprecise results when preparing food.Durable Stainless Steel DesignWith its stainless steel construction and rock-resistant lens, this thermometer withstandstough and repeated use. And with its long 10-year warranty, it's sure to become one of yourkitchen mainstays.About manufacturerRubbermaid Commercial Products, headquartered in Winchester, Va, is a manufacturer ofinnovative, solution-based products for commercial and institutional markets worldwide. Since1968, RCP has pioneered technologies and system solutions in the categories of food prep services, cleaning maintenance, waste handling, material transport, and safety products Product details.Product details●Product Dimensions: 6.1 x45x 1.5 inches; I pound●Domestic Shipping: Item can be shipped within U.S●International Shipping: This item can be shipped to selected countries outsideof the U.S. Learn More●Amazon Best Sellers Rank:#1 in Home Kitchen>Oven Thermometersspecial offers and product promotions●pay with your credit card or your Amazon. Com Gift Card. Apply now.60. Which of the following features does the product enjoy?A It's made of quality plastic easy to be bent.B. It is assisted with electronic dial reading system.C. It could be positioned within the oven in two ways.D. It is resistant to shake and press61. Which description about the product is true?A. It provides unconditional domestic and international shopping.B. It sells best in Oven Thermometers section on AmazonC Over 3000 customers have commented on the product.D. It could be paid for only through credit card.62. Which of the following products is NOT likely to be manufactured by Rubbermaid Commercial Products?A. Deskside Plastic Wastebasket.B. Airtight Snack ContainerC. Full Pan CarrierD. Over-ear Bass Sound Stereo Headphones( C )Canada is a bilingual country with "co-official" languages. English and French enjoy equal status as the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada. This means that the public has the right to communicate with and receive services from, federal (联邦的)government institutions in either English or French. Federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions.Like the United States, Canada started as a colony. Beginning in the 1500s, it was part of New France but later became a British colony after the Seven Years' War. As a result, the Canadian government recognized the languages of both colonizers: France and England. The Constitution (宪法)Act of 1867 enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts. Years later, Canada strengthened its commitment to bilingualism when it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969, which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co-official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual-language status.Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians. Among other benefits, the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents, whether their native language was French or English. The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country.The Canadian federal government is committed to advancing the equality of status and use of the English and French languages within Canadian society and provides support to the development of English and French linguistic minority communities. However, the reality is that most Canadians speak English, and of course, many Canadians speak another language entirely.Although the federal government theoretically guarantees bilingual services in all areas, there are many regions of Canada where English is the clear majority language, so the government does not always offer services in French in those regions. Canadians use the phrase "where numbers warrant" to indicate whether a local population's language usage requires bilingual services from the federal government.While many Canadians are bilingual, they are not only speaking English or French. Statistic Canada finds that more than 200 languages that were not English or French, were reported as a language spoken by its people. About two-thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these languages also spoke either English or French.63. The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to ________.A. the language –using tradition caused by Canada’s colonial history.B. the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country.C. the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world.D. the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education.64. In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by ________.A. the legal order from the federal governmentB. the popularity of the language in the worldC. the number of schools teaching the languageD. the number of local people using the language65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada.B. The legal court usage of French and English was established in Canada in 1969.C. Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law.D. Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The advantage of using multiple languages in CanadaB. The history and current situation of two language used in CanadaC. The disadvantaged status of the French language used in Canada.D. Canadians’ advancement in balancing two languages in business world.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response,____67____Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters（龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations.____68_____In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods.___ 69___ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster.___ 70___ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude handgesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Last year, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6. The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as . what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are gettig more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%-markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all,unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels，are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’culture，to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there＇s more to be done. Asked what changes they＇d like to see，62％ hope that＂civility training will be continued＂,looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.第Ⅱ卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.72.您可联系校办公室了解更多信息。

2023-2024学年上海市静安区高三上学期期末教学质量调研考试英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with 1 (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots 2 deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population 3 (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan's first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia (痴呆). The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis 4 an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government 5 (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under 6 Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.7 the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, 8 has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, 9 (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is 10 the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. smoothingB. remainC. switchedD. likelihoodE. impactF. tipG. broadly H. headed I. booming J. positioning K. reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern 11 near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined, 12 , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the 13 of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise, and current clima te change models don’t 14 account for these movements. For example, Greenland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland 15 from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s li fting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s 16 the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement 17 the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists ho pe to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, 18 onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30 instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and 19 them on rock outcroppings (露岩) alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will 20 on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. _________, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U. S. stocks analysts were most _________ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year._________, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this _________ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, _________ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles” are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them _________. The problem is that “Googles” are very _________ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance_________. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics (动态变化) of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can _________ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at__________them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky's concept of “representativeness” lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __________ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __________ of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe __________ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __________ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of __________ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.21.A．Consequently B．Furthermore C．Nevertheless D．Meanwhile22.A．curious B．controversial C．concerned D．optimistic23.A．In brief B．By contrast C．In addition D．Without doubt 24.A．engagement B．concentration C．puzzle D．definition25.A．memorize B．prioritize C．modernize D．fertilize26.A．representative B．argumentative C．executive D．sensitive27.A．harsh B．adaptable C．crucial D．rare28.A．cheers B．disappoints C．stabilizes D．improves29.A．account for B．count on C．suffer from D．hold up30.A．pouring B．admitting C．integrating D．tempting31.A．pretend B．afford C．offer D．tend32.A．effects B．delights C．intervals D．codes33.A．companions B．scales C．expectations D．findings34.A．necessity B．involvement C．perseverance D．reluctance35.A．equivalent B．exceptional C．mysterious D．distressing Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some impo rtant decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Mont essori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s value s had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.36. The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was ______.A．her family’s supportive influence on her educationB．her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC．her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD．her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men37. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A．Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B．Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C．Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D．Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.38. Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .A．she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB．she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC．she was offered a better job in a different countryD．she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country39. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A．Observant and innovative. B．Traditional and emotional.C．Progressive and dependent. D．Open-minded and indifferent. Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country would consume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, bu t experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.40. What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A．The well-being of employees.B．The conservation of energy.C．Commuting and travel.D．The European work standard.41. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” in the last paragraph?A．People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B．People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C．People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D．People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.42. The passage is mainly written to .A．highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB．provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC．analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD．illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweekThe cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi (真菌) for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in. The ants defecate (排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes (附生植物). By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.43. According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A．Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B．Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C．Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D．Because it is less common than previously thought.44. What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A．They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B．They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C．They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D．They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.45. Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A．Ants’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B．The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C．True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D．Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.46. What is the passage mainly about?A．The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B．The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C．The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D．The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving license all feature your face. 47 You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word “doppelgänger” refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. 48So, let's get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There's said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn't always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. 49 . In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!50 The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________52. 如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。

2024北京昌平高三（上）期末英语本试卷共11页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必在答题卡区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When Halloween arrives,you know there is bound to be some mischief(恶作剧).So I wasn’t entirely surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—1.To be fair,this was after some light rain had2the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds.I never saw who took it,but I did shout “Happy Halloween!”into the night air.Was a candy theft ideal?Nope.But,hey,we all make3—especially as kids.What did4 me was what appeared in front of my door the next evening:a plastic bag filled with the lost candy. Stuck to it was the following handwritten note:“Hello,I am the kid that took all of your candy.After thinking it over I want to5.Because it was late and no one else was out,I thought it was OK.It was not.I took the candy before you said it was6.So,I am sorry,and I’d like to give the candy back.Maybe you can give it to a kid who is more7.”A tiny Halloween miracle!I have never been prouder of a kid who wasn’t mine.I assume a parent had something to do with this sudden reflective8,but I’ll never know for sure.What I do hope is that this kid knows how good it can feel to9a wrong.I hope they don’t think they’re bad—simply that they made a not-so-great choice.They do deserve to get their fill and have fun and run wild.10,next year they’ll come back for more.1.A.empty B.painted C.broken D.dirty2.A.wetted B.cleared C.cooled D.blocked3.A.decisions B.changes C.choices D.mistakes4.A.delight B.worry C.surprise D.calm5.A.argue B.respond C.apologize plain6.A.worthy B.fine C.funny D.easy7.A.deserving B.daring C.promising D.amusing8.A.turn B.character C.approach D.trip9.A.forgive B.judge C.avoid D.right10.A.Normally B.Hopefully C.Undoubtedly D.Amazingly第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。