英语语法——形容词与副词
来源：普特英语
形容词
1.1 什么是形容词
形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：
a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿
the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画
modern history现代历史
1.2 形容词的用法
形容词在句中可用作：
1)定语
He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。
The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。
2)表语
The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人，而且富有教育意义。
I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如：
Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗?
We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。
4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。如：
The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语)
The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the blind作主语)
He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the new作宾语)
[注一]上述三例中的the young = the young people，the blind the Blind people，the new the new things.
[注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。
1.3 形容词的位置
形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18)，但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如：
a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物
a simple musical instrument一种简单的乐器
a small fierce dark brown animal一种小而凶的深褐色动物(注意dark修饰brown)
以上例子中的形容词之间并非并列关系，如第一例中的1arge与wild并非并列，而1arge所修饰的是wild plant。如表并列关系，形容词之间须用逗号或and。如：
a strong, swift horse一匹又壮又快的马
many happy and healthy children很多幸福而健康的儿童
a short and militant article一篇简短有力的文章(militant一词较长，放在short之后，这也是英语里安排形容词位置的一种方法。)
形容词的比较等级及其形式
英语形容词比较等级(degrees of comparison)一般有两个：即比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree)。不用比较等级的形容词通常称为原级(positive degree)。形容词的比较级形式是："形容词+ 后缀-er "或"单词more + 形容词"。它的最高级形式是："形容词+ 后缀-est "或"单词most + 形容词。
[注一] 形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est，自成一个音节，分别读作[E]和[ist]o 如：
原级比较级最高级
tall [tC:l] taller[5tC:lE] tallest[5tC:list]
happy [5hApi] happier[5hApiE] happiest[5hApiist]
thin [Win] thinner [5WinE] thinnest [5Winist]
fine [fain] finer [5fainE] finest [5fainist]
[注二]如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r，加-er和-est时，r要发[r]音。如：
near [niE] nearer [5niErE] nearest[5niErist]
clear [kliE] clearer[5kliErE] clearest [5kiErist]
如果形容词原级词末的发音为[N]，在加-er和-est时，[N]音后得加一个[g]音。如：
strong [strCN] stronger [5strCNgE] strongest [5strCNgist]
long [lCN] longer [5lCNgE] longest [5lCNgist]
[注三]有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如：
right, wrong，woolen，wooden.
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good好
we11好，健康的better best
bad 坏，差worse worst
many 多more most
much 多
little 小，少1ess 1east
far 远farther，further farthest，furthest
形容词前如加1ess和least，则表示"较不"和"最不"。如：
interesting有趣difficult 难
less interesting 较无趣less difficult 较不难
least interesting 最无趣leas difficult最不难
1.4 形容词比较级的用法
比较级用于二者的比较，其结构是：含有形容词比较级的主句+从属连词than 引导的从句（从句中常省去意义上和主句相同的部分）。如：
Li is older than Zhou. 李比周年纪大。(从句中省去了is old)
There are more children in this nursey than in that one.这个托儿所的孩子比那个托儿所多。(从句中省去了there are children)
After two years' physical training，she is healthier and stronger.
经过两年的体力锻炼，她(比以前)健康强壮多了。(注意这里省去了从句than she was)
We are much better off than ever before.我们的生活比过去任何时候都要好得多。(than后省去了we were)
Paul weighs less than harry.保尔的体重比哈利轻。
Mary is less clever than Jane.玛丽不如简那么聪明。
[注一]汉语可以说"昆明的气候比兰州好"。英语必须加that，译为：
The climate of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
[注二]英语比较级常译作"较…"、"…一些"等，但不等于汉语的"更…"。汉语的"更…"须用
"still"或"even"来表示如：
This book is even more difficult than that one.这本书比那本书更难。
[注三]有些情况下，汉语不用"较"等字眼，英语则须用比较级，如：
Will the younger people give their seats to old people?请年轻人把座位让给老年人好不好?
1.5 形容词最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于二者以上的比较，其结构一般是：定冠词the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。如：
Peter is the oldest boy of them all.彼得是这群男孩中年纪最大的。(介语短语of them all表示范围)
London is the biggest city in Britain，伦敦是英国最大的城市。(介词短语in Britain表示范围) Mt. Qomolangma is the World's highest peak。珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。(注意这里表示范围的是名词所有格the world's)
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。(that在口语中一般省略，that从句表示范围)
[注一]形容词最高级后的名词如果在前面已提过，可省去。如：
This novel is the best (that) I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
[注二]在口语中，形容词最高级也可以用于二者的比较。如：
This is the shortest of the two roads.这是两条路中最近的一条路。
[注三] 形容词最高级用作表语表品质时，其前不用定冠词the。如：
He is happiest when he is working.他工作时最愉快。
副词
2.1什么是副词
副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：often往往，here这里，very很，quickly很快地。
2.2副词的构成
1)本身就是副词，如now现在，there那里，rather颇。
2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来，如firmly坚决地，happi1y幸福地。
3)与形容词同形
early adj. 早的early adv. 早
high adj. 高的high adv. 高高地
long adj. 长的，长久的long adv. 长久地
2.3副词的种类
副词可分为下列几种：
1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如：together一起，well好，seriously认真地，slowly慢，carefully 小心地。
2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如：when何时，where何地，how如何，why为何。
3)关系副词(relative adverb)如：where，when。
4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如：then然后，so所以，there{ore所以，however然而，hence 所以，thus这样，nevertheless然而，otherwise否则，still可是，仍然。
2.4副词的用法
副词在句中可用作：
1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)
It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语，修饰动词is raining。)
Don't drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词，作状语，修饰动词drive，副词too又修饰副词fast。)
He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks，quite又修饰副词well。)
This is a fairly useful tool，这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)
He has always helped his sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词has helped)
She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词，修饰动词went。)
Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。)
2)表语
Is he up?他起床了没有?
She is out.她出去了。
3)定语
Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)
2.5副词的位置
1)修饰动词时，有三种位置。
2)修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前。如：
It is a rather difficult job，这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)
He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast)
3)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如：
The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。
On my way home，I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。
2.6副词的比较等级
和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外，须注意下面例词中well，badly的不规则变化。如：
原级比较级最高级
hard 努力地harderhardest
fast 快faster fastest
well 好better best
badly 坏worseworst
early 早earlier earliest
quickly 快more quicklymost quickly
happily 快乐地more happily most happily
2.7副词比较等级的用法
1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如：
David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。
She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了play table tennis) Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。
They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利，但比我们正确。
2)副词最高级用法，除副词前可以不用the外(用the也可以)，其余与形容词最高级相同。如：
I work fastest when I'm under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。
He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。
3.比较等级的一些特殊用法
3.1两种不同形式
有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式，而且意义也不同。
举例说明：
1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world. 罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。
Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。
My elder brother is in college. He is two years older than I. 我哥哥在上大学，他比我大两岁。
[注]older，oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远，但在美国英语里也表示长幼。
2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。
Twenty years later he returned to his home village. 二十年后，他回到自己的家乡。
3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?
What is the latest news about the sports meet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?
3.2 as...as；not so. . .as或not as...as
1)表示"相等"用as...as。如：
This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。
Bill is as tall as I. 比尔和我一般高。
Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?
You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。
[注]注意as后面的形容词如作定语，而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时，冠词a须放在形
容词之后，如German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so，如I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)
2)表示"不相等"用not so...as或not as...as。如：
Tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。
The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。
3.3表示"几倍于"
用twice (两倍)，three times(三倍)等加as...as..
如：
New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。
The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。
This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
[注]表示"几倍于"也可以用下面的说法，如：
Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。
He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。
This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。
The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978.这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)
Our county's agricultural output this year is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。
3.4表示程度
可用much，far，still，even，a 1itt1e，no，any，a great deal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如：
The Yellow River is long，but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄河长，长江更长。
We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。
She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多。
Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang. 王比张高，李比王还高。
[注一]注意下面的一些说法。如：
I couldn't move a step further，我连一步也走不动了。
The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。
He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说He is taller than me by a head.)
They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。
The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.
这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。
Do you want any more? -Yes，give me two more.
你还要吗?一是的，再给我两个。
Have you any more tickets? -Sorry，I have no more.
你还有票吗? －对不起，没有了。
[注二]可用形容词最高级+ possible或imaginable等词来强调语气。如：
I think he is the best possible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说the best man possible)
Swimming in winter is the best form of exercise imaginable.冬泳是最好的运动方式。(也可以说the best imaginable form)
3.5比较级
1)"比较级+ and + 比较级"
(后面不可接than从句)可用来表示"越来越"。如：
The days are getting longer and longer.白天越来越长了。
He is becoming more and more interested in sports. 他对运动越来越有兴趣了。
The more the more 的用法
意思是"越…，就越…"。如：
The harder you work，the more you Will learn.你越努力，就越学得多。
The greater the mass of a body，the greater is its inertia.物体的质量越大，它的惯性就越大。The more you eat，the fatter you get.你吃得越多，长得越胖。
The more，the better.越多越好。
2)more than和less than
这两个固定词组分别表示"多于""少于"。如：
There are more than three hundred households in this village.这个村子有三百多户人家。
The finished the Work in less than a year.他们不到一年就完成这项工作。
Our country has established diplomatic relations with more than one hundred countries.我国已经和一百多个国家建立了外交关系。
3)no more than和not more than
no more than的意思是"只不过"，not more than的意思是"不多于"。试比较：
There are no more than ten tickles left. 剩下不到十张票。(有"票少"的含义)
The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到五个。(没有"多"或"少"的含义，只是客观地说明数目)
This room is no bigger than that. 这个房间并不比那个大。(有"两个房间都不大"的含义) This room is not bigger than that one.这个房间不比那个大。(没有"两个房间都不大或都不小"的含义)
[注]注意not …. Any more than或no more...than在下面句子中的用法。如：
They cannot do the impossible any more than we can.他们和我们同样不能做不可能的事情。He is no more diligent than I am.他和我同样不勤奋
4)no less than和not 1ess than
no less than的意思是"不亚于"，not less than的意思是"不少于"。试比较：
There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.
到会的有一千人之多。(有"到会人多"的含义)
There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.
到会的至少有一千人。(没有"到会人多或人少"的含义)
This song is no less popular than that one.这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有"两首歌都受欢迎"的含义)
This song is not less popular than that one.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有"两首歌都受欢迎"的含义)
All the better和so much the better
这一类的说法都有"因此而更…"的含义。如：
If that is so，all the better.果真如此，那就更好。
If he will come，so much the better.如果他愿意来，那更好。
一、选择题 1．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 2．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 3．一Do you think the weather will be all right for a weekend outing? 一No, unless we're . The newspaper says it'll be very hot anyway. A．lucky B．confident C．wrong D．crazy 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．— How do you come to school every day, by bus or by bike? —By bus. It’s much __________ than by bike. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact. It is a small computer that is __________ than a usual schoolbag but holds all the things for study, such as a _________，an exercise book and so on． A．much smaller, testbook B．even smaller, textbook C．far smaller, comic book 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案 萧东来2013-04 初中英语语法之形容词、副词 形容词： 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的 例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握) A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真 粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.) 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time . (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)， thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)， 等常接不定式。 例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。 四、一些形容词的用法辨析： ⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) ⑵tall 与high, short 与low ： 指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。 如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
初一英语语法之形容词副词 形容词，副词的比较级：表示“比…更…”（-er） （一）：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ；tall Long (二)：以e结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词词尾直接+_______;nice______ wide_______ (三)：“以_____ +______结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词先___变____,再加____。busy______ early______ easy________ busy_______ (四)：以______音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)的单音节和少数双音节的形 词，副词，要_____最后一个辅音，再+______。big_____ hot_____ red____ thin_____ (五)：多音节和部分双音节的形同此，副词，一般在此类词前面+__________构成最高级形式。interesting_________ relaxing___________ exciting__________ carefully___________ 注意：（1）比较级的句子中最常见的一个词than比。（2）比较级常用于两者的比较。形容词，副词的最高级：表示“最……”（-est） (一)：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ； tall Long Old Low (二)：以e结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词词尾直接+___________; nice______ wide_______ large_______ fine______ (三)：“以_____ +______结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词先___变____,再加____。busy______ early______ easy________ busy_______ (四)：以______音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)的单音节和少数双音节的形容词，副词，要_____最后一个辅音，再+______。 big_____ hot_____ red____ thin_____ (五)：多音节和部分双音节的形同此，副词，一般在此类词前面+__________构成最高级形式。 interesting________ _ relaxing_______ __ exciting__________ carefully______ _____ 不规则变化。 good/well-better---best bad/badly--- worse---worst many/much----more---most 好的更好的最好的坏的更坏的最坏的许多的更多的最多的 (原级) (比较级) (最高级) (原级) (比较级) (最高级) (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
初中英语语法总结--形容词 1、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 (错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill. (错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.
初中英语语法形容词、副词的复习教案 Brainstorm: 你能分清形容词和副词的用法和写法吗？你知道怎么使用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级吗？你知道在英语中有很多形容词词缀吗？ 一．形容词和副词的辨析 1.形容词和副词的区别 形容词：用来修饰名词 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词和副词 所以区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。 例如：Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 在这两句话中，都有lovely这个单词，但是词性却完全不同。在第一句中lovely用 来修饰girl所以是形容词，而第二句中，lovely用来修饰动词smiles，所以是副词。 2.形容词变副词的规律 a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully b.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly c.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily d.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly e.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly f.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们 注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成 “几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly） 之一。 二．形容词和副词的比较级 1.比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two. 2.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。 ①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom 和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要 同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接 的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译 为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。 ②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better. ③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。 另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了。 3.比较级的写法： ①单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter ②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner, fat-fatter ③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier,
英语语法：形容词基本含义及用法 一、以-ly结尾的形容词 1、绝大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early ① The Times is a daily paper. ② The Times is published daily. 二、用形容词表示类别和整体 1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry。———— The poor are losing hope. 2、相关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. ————The English have wonderful sense of humor. 三、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别）
英语语法——形容词与副词 来源：普特英语 形容词 1.1 什么是形容词 形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿 the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画 modern history现代历史 1.2 形容词的用法 形容词在句中可用作： 1)定语 He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。 The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。 2)表语 The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人，而且富有教育意义。 I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如： Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗? We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。 4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。如： The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语) The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the blind作主语) He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the new作宾语) [注一]上述三例中的the young = the young people，the blind the Blind people，the new the new things. [注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。 1.3 形容词的位置 形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18)，但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如： a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物
一、选择题 1．— President Xi said that we are, we will be. —That's really true, we can only live a better life by working hard. A．the hard-working; the luckier B．the more hard-working; the luckier C．more hard-working; luckier 2．You are doing great! I’ve ne ver had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 3．―is the population of China? ―It’s about 1.4 billion. I think it's becoming . A．what, more and more B．How many, larger and larger C．What, larger and larger D．How much, smaller and smaller 4．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 5．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 6．—Chinese Poetry Competition was one of during the Spring Festival. —I agree with you. I watched it every week. A．more popular shows B．most popular show C．the most popular shows 7．David didn’t pass the driving test yesterday, so he was very _____. A．shy B．glad C．proud D．disappointed 8．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? —Yes. I'm ______ at drawing than her. A．better B．good C．well D．best 9．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 10．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 11．His _______ experience helped him a lot when he met with difficulties. A．comfortable B．natural C．valuable D．surprising 12．I can’t tell you how fantastic the film Secret Superstar i s! It’s the ______ one I have ever seen. A．better B．best C．worse D．worst 13．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 14．－Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the school talent show?－OK, but a dress might be____. A．good B．bad C．better D．worse
透析中考英语语法形容词、副词考点 【形容词、副词命题趋势】 形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性，副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容，考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面： 1. 形容词的用法； 2. 副词的用法； 3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法； 4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。 【考点诠释】 一、考查形容词的作用与位置 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语，放在系动词后作表语，或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。 1．多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 【考例】--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市] A. little B. many C. much [答案]C。[解析]本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有“小的”或“几乎没有”等意思。many与much都有“多”的意思，但many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词，故应选C。 2．形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词时，通常后置。 The idea of "sunshine sport" makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈尔滨市] A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant [答案]B。[解析]考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant 表“任何高兴的事”。A结构不对，C表否定。 3．表语形容词(well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等)作定语，需要后置；有些表示身体健康状况的形容词，如well，faint，m只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。 【考例】Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省] A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried [答案]B 。[解析]考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”，应选proud。 I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市] A. luckily B. happy C. sorry [答案]B。[解析]本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel“觉得”其后可接形容词作表语，A项为副词，故排除；B、C虽然都是形容词，但意义相反，根据后句推断选B。 Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers．He is still__________.[镇江] A．1iving；alive B．1iving；1iving C．alive；living D．alive；alive 答案：A解析：alive作表语或后置定语，指“有生命的，活的，还出着气的”；living指“健在的，现行的，现代的”，可作表语，也可作定语。句意为“金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一，他仍然活着”，故选A。 4．用作补足语。 【考例】Li Lei's words made her_________..[济南]
英语语法专题（词法） 形容词和副词 1. 形容词在句中主要用作定语, 表语, 复合宾语的补语, 特殊结构中的状语： 【例句】 Miss Smith is a very good teacher.（前置定语） He has nothing pleasant to tell you. Something terrible will happen.（后置定语） Don’t feel sad, everything will be all right.（表语） They found the book quite instructive.（补语） They spent six days on the small island, cold and hungry.（状语） 2．形容词的某些特殊用法 1）当某些表示行为的动词用作系动词时, 作表语 有些行为动词常用作系动词，后面应跟形容词作表语，不能误用副词。常见这类动词有：appear，act，become，feel，fall，get，grow，look，remain, seem，sound，smell，stay，taste，turn，etc． 【例句】 We believe that he already feels very sad about his mistake and we have decided to take no further action. Since one of their members was a prisoner of war in Vietnam, the family felt bad when they heard over their radio that the peace were to be discontinued. 2）表示人品的形容词的常用结构 “It is十表示人品的形容词十of十代词十不定式”，这种结构用来表示对某人所做的事的一种赞赏，或者厌恶。用在这种结构中的形容词有： brave，clever，considerate，cruel，foolish，good，kind，nice，rude，silly，stupid，thoughtful，wicked，wise，wrong，etc． 【例句】 It was very kind of you to lend him some money to escape the bankruptcy. It’s considerate of you to meet me at the airport. 3）易误作副词的形容词 通常形容词加后缀-ly可变为副词；但有些带-ly词尾的词却是形容词，特别容易引起误用，如： lovely（可爱的）likely（很可能的） deadly（致命的）earthly（现世的） leisurely（有闲的）weekly（每周一次的） yearly（每年一次的）manly（丈夫气概的） brotherly（友爱的）friendly（友好的）， badly （糟糕的）
初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练和答案 (一)一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格 如：She is taller than me. 主格形容词比较级宾格 （二）英语形容词比较级的构成 英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。 形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。 规则变化 1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】原级比较级最高级 great greater greatest small smaller smallest clean cleaner cleanest 2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级） 【例】fine finer finest wide wide wider widest 3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est （最高级） 【例】big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest red redder reddest 4）少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。 【例】clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest able abler ablest easy easier easiest 5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。 【例】careful more careful most careful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good/well better best bad worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如：right, wrong, woolen等。 形容词的比较等级的用法：比较级用于二者的比较。 【例】Li Ping is older than Wang Hai. 李平比王海年纪大。 There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.一班比二班学生多。
形副语法笔记本节课可以总结概括为非常7+2 1．简单过比较级最高级一般原则：直去双改more 2．特殊原则：（涉及常见词多多少少，好好坏坏老远）结合P44 1进行练习3．句型 1 比较级+than 2 最高级+范围 3 one of +最高级+名词复数 4 the +比较级，the +比较级越…就越… the more, the better. 5 as+原级+as 和…一样对比否定句型（not as/so 原级as） 6 比较级and 比较级越来越…注意强调多音节的情况more and more beautiful. 7 比较级than any other 名词单数同范围= 比较级than the other 名词复数同 范围 注意比较区分：比较级than any 名词单数异范围 XM is taller than any other student in his class. = XM is taller than the other students in his class. 对比：XM is taller than any student in his sister’s class. 倍数表达法 倍数as 原as The house is three times as big as ours. 倍数-1 比较级than The house is twice bigger than ours. 倍数the 名词of The house is three times the size of ours. 补充常见名词（length, width, height, size, weight） 可以修饰比较级的程度副词
一、选择题 1．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 2．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 3．Rowan was listed in the top 50 ________ people ever by a group of comedians. A．funny B．funnier C．funniest D．the funniest 4．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 5．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 6．- Do you like the western food, Li Li? - No, I think Chinese food is______ than that of western countries. A．more delicious B．the most delicious C．not as delicious D．much delicious 7．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 8．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 9．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 10．—We planted some trees in the park on Tree Planting Day. —Good! It helps to make our city __________. A．more cleaner B．less cleaner C．more beautiful D．less beautiful 11．—I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER. —Me, too. It’s one of the ________ TV programs I’ve ever seen. A．least boring B．least interesting C．most boring D．most interesting 12．You are doing great! I’ve never had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 13．—What do you think of the TV series All is well? —Oh, I am so moved because I’ve never seen a_________ one before． A．better B．worse C．good D．bad 14．Julia is very clever．In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has_______ IQ．