Module 4 Great Scientists
练习(一) 英语知识运用·组块专练——练准度
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)
(限时：25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·湖北省重点中学高三起点考试)
From childhood, Moira loved to write. Throughout school she __1__ writing, but pursuing(追求) it __2__ was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse. “Medicine was a fairly __3__ choice，” Moira says, “and writing was a career where it wasn't a __4__ that you'd have high income.”
She became a doctor but still wanted to write something. However, being a doctor was so __5__ that she didn't take up writing until her thirties. She __6__ a novel —a fictionalized version of her travel in China after university. She got excellent __7__. Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to __8__ her. Suddenly, it seemed she was on her __9__ as an author.
“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we __10__ all possible areas that she thought needed __11__. I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn't hear anything.”It wasn't long __12__ Moira found another agent who was __13__ if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you, I'm no longer interested.’ It was really __14__.”
A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time __15__ for her own enjoyment. She __16__ herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.
As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters __17__ a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought about. It just __18__.” One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.
“__19__ it hadn't been published I still gained so much from the __20__，” says Moira.
【语篇解读】本文通过Moira爱好写作并坚持写作的故事告诉我们：每个人都要为实
现自己的梦想而去努力尝试，只有经历过才能够有所得，在追求的过程中不要过于担心结果，只有这样才能成功。
1. A. learnt B. avoided
C. considered
D. enjoyed
答案与解析：D 根据首句“From childhood, Moira loved to write”可知，从童年
开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoyed)写作。
2. A. actively B. professionally
C. energetically
D. permanently
答案与解析：B'根据生活常识及该句中的关键词“never a possibility”可知，把写
作当做职业来追求几乎是不可能的。actively“积极地”；professionally“作为职业”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。
3. A. influential B. clear
C. terrible
D. safe
答案与解析：D'根据空处前一句“Her father was a doctor，her m other a nurse”
可知，她的父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是一个十分安全的(safe)选择。influential“有影响力的”。
4. A. dream B. purpose
C. choice
D. certainty
答案与解析：D'根据空后的“you'd have high income”可知，Moira也认为写作是一个不一定能带来高收入的职业。certainty“确定的事”，符合语境，所以选项D正确。
5. A. promising B. discouraging
C. demanding
D. interesting
答案与解析：C'根据空后的“she didn't take up writing until her thirties”可知，医生是一个要求很高的职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄气的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；int eresting“有趣的”。所以选项C正确。
6. A. produced B. introduced
C. bought
D. received
答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了一本小说。produce“创作，生产，产生”；introduce“介绍”；buy“买”；receive“收到”。所以选项A正确。
7. A. rewards B. readers
C. reviews
D. praises
答案与解析：C'根据该段最后一句“Suddenly，it seemed she was on her '9' as an author”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。reward“报酬”；reader“读者”；review“评论”；praise“赞扬”。所以选项C正确。
8. A. employ B. represent
C. trust
D. guide
答案与解析：B'根据语境可知，在众多的代理人中有一个人愿意代理出版这本小说。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指导”。所以选项B正确。
9. A. own B. feet
C. way
D. business
答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on one's way“即将到达或发生”，所以选项C正确。
10. A. took off B. went through
C. pulled down
D. came over
答案与解析：B'根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中所有代理人认为需要润色(polishing)的地方进行了仔细琢磨(went through)。take off“脱下，起飞”；go through“仔细察看，仔细琢磨”；pull down“拆毁，推翻”；come over“过来，来访”。所以选项B正确。
11. A. deleting B. adapting
C. polishing
D. covering
答案与解析：C'参见上题解析。delete“删除”；adapt“适应，改编”；polish“修改，润色”；cover“覆盖，报道”。所以选项C正确。
12. A. before B. after
C. since
D. when
答案与解析：A'根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didn't hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但是没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasn't long before...意思是“不久之后……”。所以选项A正确。
13. A. fascinated B. interested
C. anxious
D. amused
答案与解析：B'根据下文中的“I'm no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书感兴趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感兴趣的”；anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以选项B正确。
14. A. common B. absurd
C. terrifying
D. disappointing
答案与解析：D'从两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情
肯定令她感到失望。common“共同的”；absurd“荒谬的”；terrifying“令人恐惧的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以选项D正确。
15. A. purely B. wonderfully
C. instantly
D. sadly
答案与解析：A'根据该句中的“found herself eager to write again...own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。purely“仅仅，纯粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非常”；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲伤地”。所以选项A正确。
16. A. set B. found
C. made
D. permitted
答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。find“发现”；permit“允许，许可”。所以选项A正确。
17. A. put up B. took on
C. went over
D. got down
答案与解析：B'根据该句“The characters ______ a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought about”可知，小说中的人物开始具有(took on)他们自己的生活。put up“建造，张贴”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔细检查”；get down“下来，取下”。所以选项B正确。
18. A. flew B. flashed
C. broke
D. survived
答案与解析：A'根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的关注并顺利出版；据此可以推断，这部小说成功了。fly“成功”。所以选项A正确。
19. A. Ever since B. As if
C. If only
D. Even if
答案与解析：D'根据语境可推断出，即使(Even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程(process)中得到许多。ever since“自从”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是……就好了”；even if“即使，尽管”。所以选项D正确。
20. A. adventure B. practice
C. process
D. result
答案与解析：C'参见上题解析。adventure“冒险”；practice“实践”；process“过程”。所以选项C正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018·惠州市高三第一次调研考试)
Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of __1__ (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.
The bikes __2__ (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide __3__ effective solution in places __4__ it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike-sharing is a __5__ (green) method of transportation and __6__ (provide) a more friendly experience.
However, the programs have also led to problems such as __7__ (legal) parking, deliberate (蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people __8__ (return) the bikes to stations __9__ rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with __10__ (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5—1 yuan.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享单车在国内的兴起和发展情况。共
享单车受到了大众的欢迎，但是也带来了很多问题，为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也采取了一些措施。
1．答案与解析：driving'考查非谓语动词。越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车到学校、工作场所或去观光。根据空前的介词of可知，空处应用动词-ing形式，故用driving。
2．答案与解析：are equipped'考查时态和语态。这些自行车装配了GPS，可以被停在公共场合的任何地方留给下一个用户。此处是客观性描述，且The bikes和equip之间是被动关系，故填are equipped。
3．答案与解析：an'考查冠词。该处指“一种有效的解决方法”，表示泛指；effective 的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
4．答案与解析：where'考查定语从句。它们受到许多中国人的欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种交通工具转变到另一种交通工具的地方提供了一种有效的解决办法。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中places为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
5．答案与解析：greener'考查形容词的比较级。共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式。根据本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空应用比较级形式与之构成并列关系。故填greener。
6．答案与解析：provides'考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语是Bike-sharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空处应用动词provide的单数形式，故填provides。
7．答案与解析：illegal'考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指非法停车。故填illegal，意为“非法的”。
8．答案与解析：to return'考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to return。
9．答案与解析：by'考查介词。为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。
10．答案与解析：points'考查名词复数。摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。point在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。
练习(二) Ⅱ卷强化增分·组块专练——练规范
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)
(限时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·山东师大附中一模)
Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷)，including me. She did my first operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and __1__ (effect)．
I don't remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall __2__ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, __3__ (make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know __4__ a big job she did.
Dr. Barone __5__ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them __6__ free.
Many people benefit from her new ways __7__ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent __8__ (be) Best Doctors in America 2013－2014, America's Top Plastic Surgery, and many others.
Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was __9__ (probable) just another patient to her, to me she was __10__ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile.
【语篇解读】本文作者主要介绍了一位为有各种出生缺陷的人做手术的医生——Barone医生；文中作者结合自己的三次手术经历，主要表达了对Barone医生的赞扬与感激之情。
1．答案与解析：effective 考查形容词。此处与形容词important一起在句中作表语，意为：有效的；故用形容词effective。
2．答案与解析：the 考查定冠词。根据上文the first two operations提到的是“前两次手术”可知，此处指的应是：第三次；故在序数词third前加the。
3．答案与解析：making 考查现在分词。此处在句中做结果状语，由于动词make与其逻辑主语She是主谓关系；故用现在分词making。
4．答案与解析：what 考查感叹句中的引导词。本句中的宾语从句是一个感叹句，由于此处用来修饰名词job，故用what。
5．答案与解析：operates 考查时态。根据上下文都使用了一般现在时可知，此处指的是Barone医生现在的工作状况，由于主语Dr. Barone是第三人称单数形式，故用operates。
6．答案与解析：for 固定搭配。for free意为：免费；故用for。
7．答案与解析：invented 考查过去分词。此处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词ways，由于动词invent与该名词构成动宾关系，故用invented。
8．答案与解析：are 考查时态以及主谓一致。此处介绍的是Barone医生近来获奖的情况，应使用一般现在时，由于主语A few of the most recent指的是：最近的几个奖项，故用are。
9．答案与解析：probably 考查副词。此处用来修饰整个句子，故用probably。
10．答案与解析：more 考查形容词的比较级。根据句中的连词than可知，此处表示的是两者之间的比较，故用形容词的比较级more。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·贵州省铜仁一中三模)
I'm a 17-year-old senior student from China. While surfed the Internet, I have found that your organization will hold a summer camp in Singapore. With greatly interest, I'd like to apply for them. I'm an outgoing girl who like communicating with others. I could speak English well. My written English is excellent, either.
I wish to join in the activities. For one thing, I'm willing to introduce China to other students from all over world; for another, I expect to learn from more about other countries. In addition, I'd like to make friend. The chance is so precious as I'm really looking forward to your approval.
【语篇解读】作者在网上发现一家机构组织去新加坡的夏季野营活动，于是想报名参加，作者在文中列举了自己想要参加这次活动的原因及自身的条件。
1．答案与解析：surfed→surfing。考查非谓语动词，这里用surfing，是一种省略“主语＋be”的结构，完整形式为while I am surfing the Internet.
2．答案与解析：greatly→great。考查形容词，此处用形容词作定语修饰interest。
3．答案与解析：them→it。考查人称代词，结合上下文分析此处的代词指代上文提到的a summer camp，故用单数形式it。
4．答案与解析：like→likes。考查动词的时态，主语who指代前面的an outgoing girl，单数形式，时态是一般现在时，故用第三人称单数形式likes。
5．答案与解析：could→can。考查动词的时态，这里是陈述一个客观事实，故用一般现在时can。
6．答案与解析：either→too。考查同义词辨析，either和too都意为“也”，either 用于否定句和疑问句，too用于肯定句，所以此处用too。
7．答案与解析：world前加the。考查定冠词，all over the world是固定搭配，意为“全世界”。
8．答案与解析：去掉from。考查动词，learn作为“学习”讲是及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语。
9．答案与解析：friend→friends。考查名词单复数，make friends 是固定用法，意为“交朋友”。
10．答案与解析：as→that。考查固定结构，此处用that用前面的so构成“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于”。