当前位置:文档之家› 史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(7-12章)

史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(7-12章)

史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(7-12章)
史铁强《大学俄语(2)(东方新版)》学习指南【课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(7-12章)

урок7

一、词汇短语

(一)对话

простить[完]①原谅,饶恕;②固[命令式]прости(-те)[用作插入语]对不起;③固[命令式]【例句】Этогомыимнепростим.我们绝不会原谅他们这一点。

Простите,хотелзадатьвамвопрос.对不起,想向您提个问题。

Прости,всёмоёсчастьеипокой.永别了,我所有幸福宁静的生活。

【变位】прощу,простишь.[未]прощать

попасть[完]①вкого-что打中,打着;②来到;③вочто,начто,подочто进入(某种环境或状态)

【例句】Вдракеемупопаликулакомвглаз.打架的时候人家的拳头打着了他的眼睛。

Япервыйразпопалсюда.我是第一次来到此地。

Сведенияобэтомпопаливпечать.关于此事的消息已见报。

【搭配】гдепопало不管什么地方

какпопало随随便便

какойпопало随便什么样的

【变位】-аду,-адёшь;-ал;-авший.[未]попадать

прийтись[完]①(在时间、空间等方面)与……相吻合;②(尺寸、大小)正适合;③固[无人称](接

不定式)不得不,只好

【例句】Надругойденьпришёлсякакразпраздник.第二天正好是节日。

Пальтопришлосьемупоросту.大衣长短正合他的身材。

Нампридётсяздесьночевать.我们不得不在这里过夜。

【变位】придусь,придёшься;пришёлся,-шлась;пришедшийся;придясь. [未]приходиться

остановить[完]①使(运动中的人、物)停住,阻止;②чтонаком-чём把(目光、视线、注意力等)停留在……上

【例句】Нельзяостановитьходистории.历史的进程是阻挡不住的。

【变位】-влю,-овишь;-овленный.[未]останавливать

разрешить[完]①准许,批准;②(经过思考、分析)解决,决定;③固[只用命令式]请允许我,请让我(客气用语)

【例句】Прошуразрешитьмнеотпускнанеделю.请批准我一周假。

Разрешитепройти!请让我过去!

【搭配】разрешитьпротиворечие解决矛盾

【变位】-шу,-шишь;-шённый(-ён,-ена).[未]разрешать

(二)课文

пользоваться[未]①чем使用,利用;②чем享有

【例句】Пользоватьсяавторучкойоченьудобно.使用自来水笔很方便。

Вкачестветопливавэтойместностипользуютсясоломой.此地利用秫秸作燃料。

【变位】-зуюсь,-зуешься.

спуститься[完]①降,落;②начто〈转〉(夜、雾等)降临大地

【例句】Самолётспустилсянааэродром.飞机降落到机场上。

Высыпализвёзды,спустиласьночь.群星闪现,夜幕降临。

【搭配】спуститьсяполестницениже下楼

【变位】спущусь,спустишься.[未]спускаться

подойти[完]①走近,(时间、机会、某种情形等)到;②适合,相宜

【例句】Работаподошлаксамомуважномумоменту.工作到了最重要的关头。

Оннеподойдётнадолжностьсекретаря.他不适于担任秘书职务。

【变位】-ойду,-ойдёшь;-ошёл,-ошла;-ошедший;-ойдя.[未]подходить

предпочесть[完]①кого-чтокому-чему认为……比较好,更喜欢;②(接不定式)宁愿【例句】Изэтихдвухкостюмовяпредпочёлбысерый.这两套衣服中我更喜欢灰色的那套。

Такаяотвратительнаяпогода,чтояпредпочтуникуданеходитьи

остатьсядома.天气这样恶劣,我宁愿待在家里,哪里也不去。

【变位】-чту,-чтёшь;-чёл,-чла;-чтённый(-ён,-ена);-чтя.[未]предпочитать

二、课文精解

(一)对话

1.Скажите,какмнедоехатьдопаркакультуры?请问怎么去文化公园?

在俄语中,根据选择的交通工具不同问路有不同的表达方式,不同动词的接格也不同。

例:

Какпройтивуниверситет/дойтидоуниверситета?怎样去大学?

Какпроехатьнакраснуюплощадь/доехатьдокраснойплощади?怎样去红场?

Какпопастьвкиоск/добратьсядокиоска?怎样去报刊亭?

2.Отсюдадопаркавсеготриостановки.从这儿到公园总共三站。

остановка,станция,стоянка三个词意思相近,但具体有区分。остановка指公共汽车站和电车站,如:трамвайнаяостановка电车站。станция多指火车站或地铁站,如:железнодорожнаястанция火车站。此外,它也可指站、台、局等,例:электрическаястанция发电站,метеорологическаястанция气象台,гидрологическаястанция水文站。而стоянка则指停留处,停车场,与前两个词词义差别很大,如:стоянкатакси出租车停车场。

3.Выдоедетедостанции《Университет》исделаететампересадкусметро

наавтобус.您到“大学”地铁站换乘公交车。

пересадка名词,意为换乘,与делать构成固定搭配。此外,动词пересесть-пересаживаться也表示换乘。例:

Можетбыть,давноуженужнопересестьвдругойвагон,амысплоховали.或许早就应该换乘另一车厢,可是我们疏忽了。

4.Перейдётепроспектисядетеналюбойавтобус.穿过大街再乘坐任何一辆公交车。

俄语中表示乘用交通工具有不同的动词和接格,他们之间意义差别很大。①ехать-ездитьначём表示乘坐某交通工具,交通工具用六格,例:наавтобусе。②бытьгде表示在交通工具里面,例:вавтобусе。③садиться-сестьначто表示选择某种交通工具;садиться-сестьвчто则表示上车进入车厢,二者使用的前置词不同表达的意思也不同。④сходить-сойтисчего则表示下车,выходить-выйтиизчего表示从车里出来,也是下车的意思。

5.Мыпосольствопроехали!我们错过大使馆了!

проехать可以表示(利用某种交通工具)行驶,驶过;从旁边经过;错过目的地,坐过站;也可表示乘车驶过多少距离或时间。例:

①КакпроехатьвМоскву?怎样坐车到莫斯科?

②Автобуспроехалмимо.公共汽车从旁开过去了。

③Мыпроехалистанциюврассеянности.我们因漫不经心坐过了站。

④Конницапроехалаужесполдороги.骑兵已走完将近一半的路程。

⑤Сэтогогородадомоейродинынадопроехатьцелуюнеделю.从这个城市到我的家乡坐车要坐整整一个星期。

6.Аздесьостанавливатьсянельзя.这里不可以停车。

нельзя接未完成体动词表示不能,不应该,不许;接完成体动词表示不得,不可能。例:

①Погазонамходитьнельзя.草坪上禁止通行。

②Безпищижитьнельзя.没有食物不能生存。

(二)课文

1.Мнеприходитсяпользоватьсядвумявидамитранспорта.我不得不利用两种交通方式。

комуприходится(придётся)接不定式表示不得不,只好。例:

Нампридётсяздесьночевать.我们不得不在这里过夜。

Слишкоммногопришлосьбыговорить,авременинету.要说的话太多,可是没有时间。

2.Вчасыпикнаулицахгородатакоедвижение,чтолегкопопастьвпробкуиопоздатьнаработу.在高峰期城市道路上的交通容易出现拥堵,导致上班迟到。

1)пик本意为山峰,часыпик是固定用语,表示高峰期。例:

часыпиквработегородскоготранспорта城市交通运输工作中的高峰期

2)попастьвпробку表示陷入拥堵,这里пробка为第四格。

3)本句属于程度、度量从句,程度、度量从句说明主句行为、事物性质特征的程度和度量。通过指明现实结果表示程度和度量时,用主从复合句结构模式так(такой,настолько,столько...),что...。指示词так用来说明状语(通常是副词),也可用来直接说明谓语(可以是动词或短尾形容词),表示行为、状态、特征的程度。指示词такой用来说明长尾形容词所表示的性质特征的程度。指示词настолько兼有так,такой的作用,用法也相同。指示词

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1.Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, No. 26 bus 1._______(go) along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man 2._____(lie) on the side of the road. A woman was next 3._______ him, shouting for help. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without 4._______(think) twice. He got 5._______ and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man 6._______(have) a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act 7._______(quick). He told the 8._______(passenger) that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers 9._______ (get) off and wait for the next bus. But to 10._______ (he) surprise, they all agreed 11._______(go) with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus. Thanks 12._______ Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man saved was saved 13._______the doctors in time. "It's sad that many people don't want to help others 14._______they don’t want any trouble," says one passenger."But the driver didn't think about 15._______ (he). He only thought about 16._______(save) a life." 2.He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing Aron Ralston is 1._______American man who is interested in mountain climbing. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to 2._______(take) risks. This is one of the 3._______(excite) things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because 4._______ accidents. 5._______ April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah On that day, Aron's arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by 6._______(he) in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for 7._______(fifth) days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his water ran 8._______, he knew that he would have to do 9._______(anything) to save his own life. He was not ready 10._______(die) that day. So he used his knife to cut 11._______ half his right arm. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged 12._______(he) so that he would not lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the mountain 13._______(find) help. After 14._______(lose) his arm, he wrote a book 15._______(call) Between a Rock and a Hard Place. This means 16.______(be) in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get 17.______ of. In this book, Aron tells of the 18._______ (important) of making good decisions, and of being in control of one's life. His love 19._______mountain climbing is so great that he kept on 20._______(climb) mountains even after this experience. Do we have the same spirit 21._______ Aron? Let's think about it before we find 22._______(we) “between a rock and a hard place”, and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or 23._______(die). 3. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week 1._______( help) others. Mario loves animals and wants 2._______(be) an animal doctor. He 3._______(volunteer)t an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get 4._______(he) future dream job. “ It' s hard work , ”he says , “but I want to learn more about 5._______to care for animals . I get such a strong 6._______(feel) of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their 7._______(own)' faces.” Mary is a book 8._______(love). She could read by herself at 9._______ age of four. Last year she decided 10._______(try) out for a volunteer after-school reading program .she still works there 11._______(one) a week to help kids learn to read. The kids are 12._______(sit) in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book. Volunteering here 13._______(be) a dream come true for me. I can do 14._______ I love to do and help others 15._______the same time. 4. Dear Miss Li, I’d like 1._______( thank) you for sending money to Animal Helpers. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help 1._______(able) people like me. You helped to make it possible 3._______ me to have Lucky. Lucky makes a big 4._______(different) to my life. Let me 5._______(tell) you my story.

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教材课文语法填空(book I-5) 阅读下面课文缩写材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。 Book 1 Module 1 My name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, __1__ capital city of Hebei Province. It is my first day at Senior High school and I’m writing down my ___2____(think) about it. In my school, the teachers are enthusiastic and ____3___(friend) and the classrooms are amazing. Our English is a very enthusiastic woman ____4___(call) Ms Shen. Her method of teaching is nothing like ___5__ of my Junior High school. I don’t think I’ll be ____6___(bore) in her class. She wants to improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this ___7__ a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the _____8___(behave) of other students ____9___(show) that they like her, too. There are forty-nine girls and sixteen boys in our class. And everybody in our class is hard-working. I’m looking forward to ____10___(do) the homework tonight. Book 1 Module 2 My first ___1____(impress) of Mrs. Li, a kind and patient teacher, was that she was nervous and shy. But now, the class likes working ___2__ her because she explains English grammar so ___3___(clear) and avoids ___4____(make) students feel stupid. Mrs. Chen, almost 60, is very strict. She’s also very serious and doesn’t smile much. Some of our classmates doesn’t like her, but most of us really appreciate it ___5___ her teaching is so well ____6___(organize) and clear. Mr. Wu has only ___7____(teach) us for two weeks and he’s already very popular. The young teacher, about 28, has got so much energy ___8___ this is one class you do not fall asleep in! He’s really amusing and tells ____9___(joke) when he thinks we’re getting ___10___(bore). I respect him a lot. Book 1 Module 3 Alice Thompson is a girl from Sydney, Australia. She had her first long ___1___ (distant) train ride at the age of 18. Together with a friend, she got ___2__ the famous Ghan train in Sydney and got off in Alice Springs. During the two days and nights, they ate meals ___3___(cook) by experts and saw fields, desert and ____4___(abandon) farms. In the daytime, Alice talked to other passengers and read some books. At night, she watched the stars in the sky ____5__ shone like diamonds.

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高中英语必修二课文语法填空 Unit 1 Cultural Relics In September, 1941 the Nazi 1 (Germany)army was near St Petersburg. This was a time 2 the two countries were at war. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able 3 (remove) the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. But some of the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room itself. In less than two days, 100,000 pieces of the room were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt 4 the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room 5 (remain) a mystery. While the search for the old room continues, the 6 (Russian) and Germans have built 7 new Amber Room at the summer palace. 8 (follow) old photos, the new room has been made to look much like the old one. In the spring of 2003, it 9 (be) ready for the people of St Petersburg 10 (celebrate) the 300th birthday of their city. Unit 2 The Olympic Games Atlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. 1 she was not allowed to run in the Olympic Games. She was 2 angry that she said to her father she would not 3 (marry) anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said she must marry and asked her whether she wanted to marry a king or prince. But Atlanta replied, “I will only be married to a man 4 can run faster than me. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will 5 (kill). No one will be pardoned.” Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta but when they heard of her rules, some of them 6 (sad) went home. Other men stayed to run the race. There was

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