特殊句式补充
考点一一、倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就叫部分倒装。
一. 完全倒装：全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
（一）补充：引导词there引出倒装句，用于此结构的动词有：be/appear/come/exist/happen/lie/live/occur/remain/seem/stand等结构 : there+谓语+主语
例句：There exist many problems among the students.
There lies an old temple near our village.
（二）：（详见5+3p109）当主语是名词，以here/there/now/then/above/below /away/back/in/out/up/down/off/over/on the wall/in the room等词位于句首以示强调，常用此结构的动词有：be/go/come/exist/follow/remain/lie等
结构：副词+谓语+主语
例句：Here comes the bus. /Away he went./Here it is.
注意：如果句子主语是人称代词时则无需倒装。
（三）：such （5+3p109）
（四）补充：表语（形容词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词）位于句首，以保持句子平衡或表示强调，常用倒装。
结构：表语+be+主语
例句：Present at the meeting were experts from Europe.
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.
二．部分倒装：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。(详见5+3 p109-111)
(一) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time,
in no way, by n o means, not until…,not only… but also…, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…等。
注意：1.当Not until引导主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。
2.Not only…but also…连接两个分句时，在第一个分句用倒装结构,第二个分句不倒
装。如果置于句首的Not only… but also…仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
3.补充：hardly /scarcely…when, no sooner…than注意时态的搭配,no sooner 和
hardly/scarcely 所在的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时，than和 when 所引导的句子用一般过去时
(二)补充：在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，
可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
例句：Were I you, I would help you.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
(三) 补充：in such a hurry 置于句首，部分倒装
例句：In such a hurry was he that everyone got bored.
(四) 补充：To such…表程度的词组位于句首时，部分倒装
例句：To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t fall asleep that night.
(五) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
例句：May you all be happy!
Long live our friendship!
二、强调
一．一种结构It+ be+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分
两个be（is/was）
三个连词(that/who/whom)
四种句式变化：1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句形式(补充)
W as it in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.
It was Alice who/that sent the old man to the hospital, wasn’t it?
2. 特殊疑问句形式(5+3p112)
3. 感叹句形式
What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn!
4. 省略句形式（补充）
---Who is making so much noise in the garden?---It is the boys.
五类复杂结构：强调句与宾从，主从，同位语从句，定从和时间状从德结合，加大了句子结构复杂程度和句意理解难度。（补充）
1.与宾从的结合
2.与主从的结合It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
3.与同位语从句的结合It was at the very beginning that Mr. Fox made the decision that
we should send more firefighters there.
4.与定从的结合Was it in the village where we used to live that the accident happened?
5.与not…until…时间状语从句的结合(5+3p112)
注意：强调句型与其他相似句型的区别（5+3p112）
二．谓语动词的强调见5+3P113
三．补充：on earth / in the world + 疑问词表强调：
Where on earth / in the world did you go last night?
考点二
一、反义疑问二、祈使句三、感叹句见5+3 p113-115
四、省略
一并列句的省略
1.如果后面分句中的谓语动词有与前面相同的部分，则省略与谓语动词的成分。
2.主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
3.主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略。
4.在not only…but also连接两个并列成分时，also有时可以省略。
二宾语从句的省略
1.在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句时，后面跟“so” 与
“not”分别表示肯定和否定，宾从可省去。
2.that引导动词后的宾语从句时，可省略。但宾从是并列句时，引导第二个分句的that不
可省。
3.wh-特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将前面重复内容省
略，而只保留特殊疑问词wh-
三定语从句的省略（详见5+3p115）
四状语从句的省略(详见5+3p115)
补充：在as(so)…as…,than 引导的比较状语从句中
例句：I know you can do better than he (can do ).
五不定式的省略
补充1 ：有些动词如：believe/find/think/consider/prove等后作宾补的结构to be+n./adj.
中的to be可以省略。
例句：We all consider him (to be) nice and honest.
补充2：can not but do, can not choose but do, can not help but do之后的动词不定式
一般不带to; but 之前有实意动词do的某个形式时，不带to, 反之要带to; have no choice/option/alternative but to do
例句：I can not but admire his courage.
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
Cold-blooded animals can do nothing but sleep in winter.
补充3：感官动词see/feel…等以及使役动词let/have/make后作宾补的动词不定式to要省略，但被动结构时，to要还原。
补充4：不定式在chance/courage/time等名词后作定语时可省略，此时to也常省略。
例句：I haven’t read the book, but I wish I would have time( to read the book).
注意：如承前省略的不定式内容含有be或者作助动词用的have, to 后要保留到be或者have/have been. .(5+3p116)
例如：--Are you a student? --No, but I used to be.
补充5：在“疑问词+不定式”结构中,只保留疑问词,省略不定式。
例句：I have made up my mind to do it, but I haven’t decided when (to do it).
补充6：做表语的不定式用以解释说明实义动词do的含义时，to可以省略。
例句：What I want to do most now is (to) have a good sleep.
It 用法
一，it用来指事物、时间、天气、日期、距离、价值、度量、地点、自然现象、环境等。
1，-- Where is my book?
--It’s on the table. (指代上文提到的事物)
2, -- Who is making so much noise?
-- It must be the children. (指代未知的人)
3, It is freezing today. (表天气)
4, -- What time is it by your watch?
-- It says ten o’clock. It won’t be long before he comes back.(表时间)
5, It is five kilometers from the office to my home. (表距离)
注意：it, one 和that都可以用来指代上文提到的人或物，但it指同一事物；one指同名异物,并且前面可以有修饰语；that指同类中的一个,有后置修饰语。
例如：1）-- Do you still have the bicycle?
--No, I have sold it.
2)-- Is this knife yours?
-- No, mine is the one on the desk.
3)The climate of South China is warm; I like it.
4)The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.
二，it作形式主语或形式宾语。
注意：1，It’s (no) use/good /useful/useless doing sth.
2, sb. hate/dislike/like it when…
3, sb. would appreciate it if…
4, sb. see to/insist on/depend on it that…
三，it用于强调句：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子的其余部分”
四，it构成的惯用语：
1, (You’ve/I’ve) got it.懂了/明白了
2, Forget it. 算了吧；别提它了；休想；不可能
3, Don’t mention it. （别人道谢时回答）不客气
4, Take it easy. 别着急；慢慢来；放松
5, make it. 办得到；做成功
6, manage it 能做；
7, put it 表达；表述
8, It/That (all) depends. 看情况而定
9, I can help it.(It can be helped.) 有办法（是可以避免的）
I can’t help it.(It can’t be helped.) 没有办法（是不可避免的）
10, It is hard to say. 情况很难说
11, It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果
五、there be 结构见5+3p116
六、主谓一致
主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致，通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。
主谓一致的三个原则
1.语法一致：主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
The number of errors is surprising.
Two students are waiting for you in your office.
2.意义一致原则：主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，但意
义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的单词有news, works(工厂)和以-ics结尾的学科名词politics, physics,economics等。
The crowd were running for their lives.
The news was very surprising.
All are here except the director.
All is going well
3.就近一致：谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词，主要体现在由or, either…or,
ne ither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,whether…or…等连接的主语及there be …句型中。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a pen, five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the table.
There are likely to be many children.
（一）并列主语的主谓一致见5+3 p116-18
（二）某些名词作主语时的主谓一致见5+3 116-118
1.“a+单数名词+or two 或one and a half+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.
2.山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
The Himalayas are the roof of the world.
The Niagara Falls are on the Niagara River.
3. 以-sh,-ch, -ese等结尾的表示名族和国籍的名词表示总称作主语时，谓语动词用复数
形式。这类词有the Chinese, the English, the British, the Spanish, the Russian, the Welsh等。
The English are a little conservative(保守的).
4. “the +adj.” 泛指一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有the poor, the
rich, the deaf, the brave, the dead, the old, the young, the sick, the guilty, the wise, the living, the aged, the innocent…
The old are well looked after by the government.
注：“the +adj.”指个别人时，要看作单数，谓语用单数形式。
The dead was about thirty years of age.
（三）数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致见5+3 116-118
英语高考单项选择 真题部分-2004年浙江省 21. The winner of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 22. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 23. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 24. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 25. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up 26. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 27. ---- What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. ----- _____. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It’s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 28. --- Brad was Jane’s brother! ---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 30. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. A. act B. help C. serve D. last 31. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 32. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---- ______ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 33. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. A. none B. either C. any D. each 34. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 35. A nyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. Which
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历届高考英语单项选择题精选（三）冠词-英语试题 1.Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _____ music. A./ , the B./ , / C.the ,/ D.the , the(89) 2.Beyond _____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _______ space. A.the , / B./ ,the C./ ,/ D.the , the(90) 3.Alexander Graham Bell invent _____ telephone in 1876. A. / B.a C.the D.one (91) 4.—-Where’s Jack? --I think he’s still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ______ bathroom. A./ ,/ B.the , the C.the,/ D./ , the(92)
people are still in _______ bahit of writing silly things in ______ public places. A.the , the B./ , / C.the , / D./ , the(93) 6.She is __________ newcomer to ________ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A.the, the B.the ,/ C.a , / D.a , the(94) 7.—-I’d like ____ information about the managemnet of you hotel , please. --Well , yopu could have ____ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A.some , a B.an , some C.some , some D.an ,a(95) 8.Many people agree that _______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today. A.a , / B.the , an C.the , the D./ , the(96)
unit 1--6期中复习综合卷 一、单项选择： 1. I’d like to do something for you ____ everything you’ve done for me. A. in exchange for B. in turn C. in return for D. in terms of 2. The fine traditional customs should be ____ from generation to generation. A. passed down B. passed by C. handed over D. handed on 3. Li Ming didn’t pass the exam. His parents, rather than his teacher, ____, but his parents blamed the failure ____ the teacher. A. were blamed, with B. were blamed, on C. were to blame, in D. were to blame, on 4. ---John, where are the cookies? Don’t you tell me you ate them all? ---____. I couldn’t help it. They are so good. A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn’t C. Yes, I have D. Why? Sounds strange! 5. ---I’m so tired, working all morning on the farm. ---Why not take a rest, then? ---____. A. Because I can’t afford it B. Maybe I should C. I don’t know D. Sorry, I can’t tell you. 6. ____ is known to us all is that China is a developing country ____ the Third World. A. As, belongs to B. What, belongs to C. It, belonging to D. What , belonging to 7. ____ that I advised them to go to see it. A. It was so exciting film B. So exciting a film was it C. It was such exciting film D. So an exciting film was it 8. ---The dish is delicious! ---Well, at least, it’s ____ the one I cooked yesterday. A. not as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than 9. In no country ____ Britain, it is said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. A. rather than B. other than C. except for D. more than 10.---If he ____, he ____ that food. ---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, ha not taken 二、完形填空： Begin doing the work you love as soon as possible, even if you don’t get paid for it, or if you can only work at it _1_. Albert Einstein was _2_ to get a job as a physics professor. He could have said to himself, “Well, I just don’t have the work relative to _3_. I should give up on it and settle for something else.” _4_, he wrote the two most famous papers while _5_ as a patent(专利) office worker. After the _6_, there was not any major _7_ in the world that would not have wanted him to work for them. If you want to work as an artist and are _8_ as waiter, don’t think of yourself as a waiter who _9_ one day to become an artist. That puts the _10_ you love somewhere off in the distant future. Rather, think yourself as _11_, supporting yourself by waiting tables and paint, or draw as much as you can. It is _12_ to earn a living wage as a waiter working 24 hours a week. That _13_ plenty of time to devote to training or developing your craft(手艺) in the _14_ hours. While seeking the work you love _15_ helps to expand your awareness into the universe of all possibilities. You don’t want to be _16_ the ideas of what you should do or what you have done before. Having opened to _17_ possibilities, you can make a final _18_ and select the work you love as your won. Doing the work you love _19_ that you be equally comfortable with the imaginative and the _20_. It requires the ability to dream big dreams and the ability to face and master all the little details that make dreams come true. 1. A. full-time B. hard C. easily D. part-time 2. A. unable B. able C. unwilling D. anxious 3. A. science B. maths C. physics D. money 4. A. So B. Instead C. Therefore D. And 5. A. employed B. regarded C. worked D. recognized 6. A. invention B. discovery C. successes D. papers 7. A. city B. factory C. university D. company 8. A. known B. making a living C. leading a life D. chosen 9. A. thinks B. imagines C. hopes D. decides 10. A. man B. woman C. person D. work
2018届英语高考单项选择题试题和答案 (九) -Hello! May I speak to Jack, please?--Yes, speaking--Oh, I _______ your voice at first A．don’t recognize B．didn’t recognize C．hadn’t recognize D．haven’t recognized22．Other men live to eat, ________ I eat to live A．and B．when C．while D．or23．--Sam speaks _________ English like a native I always admire him --Nohe is learning _________ more difficult language ---Arabic A．an; a B．/; the C．/; a D．the; a24．I like the idea that cattle _________ run away when you hunt them A．don’t B．doesn’t C．didn’t D．hadn’t25．The kind of humor I like is the thing ________ makes me laugh for five seconds and think for ten minutes A．that B．/ C．what D．it26．I think of life as a good book The further you get into it, the more it begins to _________ A．have sense B．do sense C．take sense D．make sense27．He is _________ scolding his child, which is not a good way to educate him A．often B．usually C．always D．frequently28．--Tom isn’t here now --________ left by the back door? A．Must he have B．Had he C．Can he have D．Should he have29．We prefer to die a hero, ________ live a slave A．more than B．other than C．rather than D．better than30．--What happened to Mr Smith early this morning? --Oh, he was seen ________ down and the driver __________ away A．knock, drive B．knocking, driving C．knocked, drove D．to knock, driven31．Look at the pictures and see if you can __________ the man who attacked you A．point at B．point to C．point out D．point up32．Parents often talk about the younger generation as if they ________ to do with it A．don’t have anything B．didn’t have anything C．have nothing D．had had nothing33．Don’t be too __________ about things you are not supposed to know A．strange
历年高考英语易错题难题好题汇编及解析 Zhicheng Professional Middle School，Sichuan Province Xiong Yunhua 1、Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining. A、or else B、but still C、and then D、so that 选A 。or else意为“要不然，否则”。 2、We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining. A、if B、when C、though D、because 选A 考查连词。根据语境用if引导条件状语从句。 3、——The weather is too cold ____ March this year. ——It was still ____ when I came here years ago. A、for; colder B、in; cold C、in; hot D、for; hotter 选A 本题考查考生运用介词和比较级的能力。For在这里是“就……而言”的意思，而第二个选项要抓住信息词still 在此处的妙用，它是用来修饰比较级的，加上上文的cold，在此处就不难选择colder了。 4、——How much vinegar did you put in the soup ——I'm sorry to say, ____. I forget. A、no B、no one C、nothing D、none 选D 本题考查不定代词的本意区别及其与语境综合运用。此处none指的是not any vinegar，也就是说，此处可以这样理解：I'm sorry to say that I didn't put any vinegar in the soup, because I forgot it. 5、He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him. A、if never B、if ever C、if not D、if any 选B 本题考查考生在语境中灵活运用、辨析短语用法的能力，此处seldom，if ever是一个短语，是“从不，决不”的意思。 6、——What should I wear to attend his wedding party ——Dress ____ you like. A、what B、however C、whatever D、how 选B 本题however you like相当于in whatever way you like，根据语境，不难判断出B为正确答案。 7、——The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job ——____ my students have a try A、Shall B、Must C、Will D、May 选A 本题考查情态动词shall在主语是第二、三人称时，作为征求意见的用法。。 8、I'd like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long. A、which B、that C、where D、in which 选C 考查连接词。Where引导地点状语从句。 9、I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn't get away.
高三英语复习情景交际培优题(附答案) 一、单项选择情景交际 1．—You have a sweet tooth. It may be hard for you to lose weight. — ______, but I just can't help it. A．You can't be serious B．You must be joking C．I couldn't agree more D．That couldn't be better 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情景交际。句意：——你爱吃甜食。这可能很难减肥。——我完全同意，但我就是忍不住。A. You can't be serious不是说真的吧；B. You must be joking你一定是在开玩笑；C. I couldn't agree more我完全同意；D. That couldn't be better那再好不过了。此处指同意对方说的爱吃甜食难减肥的观点，故选C。 2．If the boss is angry when he comes in， don't tell him about the customer's complaints． You'll just be _________． A．killing the fatted calf B．seeing the handwriting on the wall C．hitting your own feet of clay D．adding fuel to the fire 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查习语。A. killing the fatted calf热情款待；B. seeing the handwriting on the wall不祥之兆；hitting your own feet of clay自找麻烦；D. adding fuel to the fire火上浇油。句意：如果老板进来时很生气，你把顾客的投诉告诉他，这只会火上浇油。根据句意可知此处表示“火上浇油”，故D项正确。 【点睛】 习语是江苏单选的必考考点，也是难度较大的一个知识点，因此平时对习语的积累很关键， 本题中四个习语的意思为：A. killing the fatted calf热情款待；B. seeing the handwriting on the wall不祥之兆；hitting your own feet of clay自找麻烦；D. adding fuel to the fire火上浇油。 根据句意“如果老板进来时很生气，你把顾客的投诉告诉他，这只会火上浇油。”可知D项正确。 3．—Wow! You look funny in that sweater. —My grandmother gave it to me for Christmas. You know,____________. A．each bird loves to hear himself sing B．beauty is in the eye of the beholder
高中英语单项选择题精选（4） 1.He asked me _____ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 2. ---What did he want to know? ---______ I could finish writing the report. A. When was it B. It was when that C. It was when D. When it was that 3. Enjoying popular songs on the Internet had greatly _____ me the trouble of going to the video shops to purchase some VCDs. A. shared B. spared C. canceled D. cost 4. ---Are you going to have a holiday this year? ---I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _____. A. off B. out C. behind D. over 5. You can’t do _____ your friends ask you to do. You’d better think first. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 6. ---I’m afraid I’ll keep you waiting a little longer. ---______. I can wait all my life only if you can work it out for me. A. Well, excuse me. B. Oh, come on C. Well, let it alone D. oh, my god 7. ---How come a simple meal like this cost so much? ---We have ____ in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just now. A. added B. included C. obtained D. charged 8. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ___ left in the house. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 9. Don’t respond to any e-mails ___ personal information ,no matter how official they look. A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning 10.I want to know when he ____ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would left 11.He _____ out when it began to rain. A. is going B. was going C. is about to go D. went 12. ---I’m going to the States. ---How long ____ you ____ in the States ? A. are, stayed B. are staying
历年全国高考英语介词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择介词 1．Maybe some of you are curious about what my life was like on the streets because I’ve never really talked about it ______. A．in place B．in turn C．in force D．in depth 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：也许你们中的一些人对我在街上的生活是什么样子很好奇，因为我从未真正深入地谈论过它。A. in place就位，适当的；B. in turn反过来，轮流地；C. in force有效地；D. in depth深入地，全面地。根据语境“一些人对我在街上的生活很好奇”，是因为我没有“深入（in depth）”谈论过，故选D。 2．Elizabeth has already achieved success_____her wildest dreams. A．at B．beyond C．within D．upon 【答案】B 【解析】 Elizabeth做梦也没想都会成功。Beyond 超过。其他词义不符。 3．We’re planning to send out a thousand invitations_______Expovolunteers. A．over B．in C．on D．to 【答案】D 【解析】 4．Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are __________everyone's enjoyment. A．in B．at C．for D．to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词。句意：不要摘花园里的花行吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。此处表示目的，“为了”的意思，故用介词for。短语to everyone's enjoyment“让大家开心的是……”，只做状语；短语for everyone's enjoyment“为了每个人的快乐”。故选C。 5．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? A．about B．to C．with D．over