个性化教案
学科：高中英语课时计划： 2 课时
年级：高三
课题：高中英语特殊句式学生姓名：
教师姓名：陈莉
教学目标高中英语特殊句式的掌握；教学重点理解和运用各种特殊句式。教学难点理解和运用各种特殊句式。授课类型复习总结归纳课
教学过程教师活动
一、复习预习
通过课后练习的检查和评讲检测学生上次课的理解掌握和复习情况
二、知识讲解
高中英语特殊句式
特殊句式包含：
一、倒装句
二、强调句
三、省略句
四、插入语
五、分隔句式
六、祈使句
七、there be 句型
一、倒装句
倒装语序，分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词、情态动词、be动词放在主语之前。
全部倒装（1.2.3.4.5作为了解）
1. there be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,
还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。
There are many students in the classroom.
Long ，long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为e, go）＋主语（必须是名词）
比较：Here you are !
此句型中here/there
Here es Mary. → I can see Mary ing.
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here es the bus.汽车来了。
3. then引起谓语为 e，follow的句子。
Then came a new difficulty.
Then followed eight years of the Anti Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4. 直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。
“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.
“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道
“Take your seats，gentlemen,” Wilson shouted.
“That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.
5. 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，将助动词放在谓语动词前面；
无需倒装的特殊疑问句：对主要进行提问；特殊疑问句用在宾语从句中。
Where are you from?
Who helped you clean the classroom?
I don’t know when the meeting will be held.
6.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，
也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词e， go，run , rush，etc。句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.
In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
比较：如果主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
The child walked quietly to the bird, away it flew into the forest when he was about to catch it .
7. 介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称
代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
8. 表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不
能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.
South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。
9. 在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.
such 、to such +名词
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。
Such was Einstein a simple but great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位简朴而又伟大的科学家
To such length did he told the story that all of us began to fell sleepy.
部分倒装（高考考点）
1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置
2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装
3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词 + 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别
以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别
4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装
5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装
6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置，主语是代词时不倒装。
句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。
Clever as he is，he does n’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。
Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。
=Although she try as she can, she failed .
2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装
表示否定的副词 never，nor，neither,
表示半否定意义的副词 hardly，few，seldom，little，
含有no和not的词组 by no means（决不），in no time（很快），
at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）
not until，not only...but also，
no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...when。
倒装结构：“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”，注意复合句倒装的是主句。
Never have I been in this city.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词 + 主语”
①“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”
表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。
②“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”
表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物。
注意:
1 当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为
—Tom works hard.—So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是
2
If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.
She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好，但数学学的差，露茜也是如此。
4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装
如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were
可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前
If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
1、在not until ，hardly…when，no sooner…than
置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装主句须部分倒装。
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow．他一到，天就下起雪来了。
6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
“only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。
Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意：
１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
２）only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。
7、频度副词及短语often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句
首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has he e to fort me.他来安慰了我好多次。
Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。
8、
May you succeed.
Long live the munist Party of China!
二、强调句
强调句是为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种修辞手段。
1、陈述句的强调句型：
It is/ was + 被强调部分（主、宾、状）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who ...
2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：
被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？
When and where was it that you were born?
4、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时
间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …，其余的时态用It is …。
5、not … until …句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not …已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
6、It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；后面的谓语动词用原形。
三、省略句
省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达。
一、功能词的省略
1、冠词的省略
a)两个并列的名词前面，第二个可以省略
注意：如果省去冠词会误会为一个人则不省略。
b)家庭成员后面列举的可以省略
c)表示独一无二的职位前，这个职业不具体指只是某个人前的冠词，比如总统，主席
2、介词的省略
have difficulty / problem / trouble+（in）+ving
spend （in）+ving
there is no use / sense / point +（in）+ v-ing
stop / prevent （from）+ v-ing
be busy +（in）+ving
end up +(by) +ving
take turns (at ) +ving
have a good / great /fun /hard / time +（in）+ving
3、连词的省略：not (only)…but(also); that 定语从句，等
二、.句子成分的省略
1.可省略主语和谓语。
A word about your position.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了I ll say...)
Though tired，he was not disheartened.他虽然累了，但没有泄气。(省略了he was...)
2.
You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before)
3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。
Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)
杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。
4.可用so，not
—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/
(即I don’t believe it’s going to rain)
5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。
only if，If only，what so ever， in case
三、句子的省略
1、
Where to?(=Where are you going to?)
What for?(例如：What do you e here for?你来这里干什么？)
Why not do it?(=Why don’t you do it?)
How/What about(sb)doing sth.?
2、
I love classic music more than (I like) rock and roll.
He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.
3、
While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.
If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”
If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.
4、
I won’t go there unless (I am) invited.
Things have turned out just as (they were) expected.
How beautiful ( it is)!
5、
The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.
The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad.
6、
No talking
Silent, everybody!
7、
—Where have you been?—(I’ve been) Out.
—Have you been waiting long?—(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour.
8、.
—Tom, go and water the flowers.
—Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?
四、插入语
插入语是为了使语言更具有说服力或者准确，相当于进一步补充说明。他们在结构上与基本局不发生一致、支配、附加等语法关系。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。
插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。
掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解，还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多，常见的如下几种：
一、形容词（短语）作插入语：
true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all， sure enough
二、副词（短语）作插入语：
indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather
三、介词短语作插入语：
in fact，in one’s opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one’s surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief
四、V-ing（短语）作插入语：
generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering
五、不定式短语作插入语：
to be frank， to be honest， to be sure， to tell you the truth，
to make matters worse， to sum up， to start with， to begin with
六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）：
I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说），
that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来），what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是），
I'm afraid （恐怕）， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）
插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。
（ 1 ） What should I do first？
What do you think I should do first？
（被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）
（ 2 ） Who is singing？
Who do you think is singing？
五、分隔句式
1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔
The country life he was used to _____ greatly since the opening policy.
A. changed
B. has changed
C. changing
D. having changed
分析：句中 he was used to 为定语从句，修饰先行词即主句的主语，而不能对其后的谓语起任何
作用，因此整个句子缺少谓语动词，故答案为B.
2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔。
Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again.
A. repaired
B. it repaired
C. repairing
D. to be repaired
分析：该题考查have sth. done 结构。解此题的难点在于定语从句(that \which) she had had
repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来。that \which 在从句中作宾语被省略了，repaired 作宾语补足
语。所以选A.
3. 定语从句对宾语、定语或状语的分隔。
Can you tell me the way you thought of _____ the problem?
A. working at
B. to work out
C. to work for
D. working out
分析：此题考查的是双层定语。即you thought of 为限制性定语从句，to work out the problem
为后置定语，这两部分都用来限制宾语the way .正确答案为B。
4. 定语从句对强调句的分隔
It is near the place ______ there is a bomb _____ we found the dead man.
A. where; where
B. where ; that
C. that ; where
D. that; that
分析：该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构。where there is bomb 是定语从句，故正确的答案为
B。
5. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔。
With everything she needed ______ , she went home happily .
to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy
分析：该题考查with复合结构的用法，其中定语从句(that) she needed 的使用极容易造成错选。正确答案为C。
六、祈使句
高考考点：
（一）. 祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如：
Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
e to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
（二）祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t 保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
（三）祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
1、考查“祈使句+and/then+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的肯定的条件状语从句。如：Work hard，and/then you'll be successful in time.(=If you work hard, you'll be successful in time.)
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.
2、考查“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的否定的条件状语从句。如：Hurry up，or you'll miss the bus.(=If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the bus.)
（四）祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he es here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个xx。
（五）特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. ＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。
七、. there be 句型
2、there be 句型的意义：表示“某处有某物”。
3、there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ;
4、there be 句型的特殊用法：
there be 不可与have 连用
there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则
there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+there
there +具体的动词使表达更生动
there be 的非谓语动词为若前面的动词后是不定式时，就用there to be
若前面的动词后是v-ing 时，就用 there being 5、there be 句型的固定搭配
there is no use / sense / point + v-ing
there is no need +to do
there is no doubt +that 从句
课堂练习1(2014北京卷)24. ______ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
A. Observe
B. To observe
C. Observed
D. Observing
2(2014福建卷)28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ______, reaching 30C in summer.
A. if not
B. if ever
C. if any
D. if so
3(2014福建卷)29. It was the culture, rather than the language, ______ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. A. where B. why C. that D. what
4(2014福建卷) 32. ______ no modern telemunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been
5(2014湖南卷)29. Only when you can find peace in your heart ______ good relationships with others.
A. will you keep
B. you will keep
C. you kept
D. did you keep
6(2014湖南卷)30. ______ what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day
of your life for it.
A. Make
B. To make
C. Making
D. Made
7(2014湖南卷)33. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to
do______ makes life happy.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
8(2014全国大纲卷)26. ______ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. Not do only
B. Do not only
C. Only not do
D. Not only do
9(2014全国大纲卷)33. ______ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
A. Calling
B. Call
C. To call
D. Having called
10(2014陕西卷)17. No sooner ______ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A. had Mo Yan
B. Mo Yan had
C. has Mo Yan
D. Mo Yan has
11(2014四川卷)3. Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?
A. why
B. who
C. where
D. that
12(2014天津卷)1. Give me a chance, ______ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A. if
B. or
C. and
D. while
13(2014天津卷)15. ______ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch
B. should be catch
C. has he caught
D. Had he caught
14(2014重庆卷)10. —I spent two weeks in London last summer.
— Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ______ you?
A.mustn’t
B. haven’t
C. didn’t
D. hadn’t
15.___________ your position carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
16. ____ straight on and you'll see a church. You won't miss it.
A. Go
B. Going
C. If you go
D. When going
17.Start out right away, _____ you'll miss the first train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. while
18.. Don't smoke in the meeting room,___?
A. do you
B. will you
C. can you
D. would you
19.. It's a fine day. Let's go fishing,____?
A. won't we
B. will we
C. don't we
D. shall we
20. —Write to me when you get home. —_____
A. I must
B. I should
C. I will
D. I can
21. — Don't forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow. —______
A. No. I don't.
B. No. I won't.
C. No. I can't.
D. No. I haven't. ABCAA/AADBA/DCDCC/ACBDCB
课后作业1._____ going to the program “If you are the one”, he was rather concerned about being turned down in public.
A.Much as he liked
B.However he liked
C.As he liked much
D.As much he liked
2. I can't imagine how he finished the race, ___ his foot wounded so seriously.
A. for
B. when
C. because
D. with
3. Look! The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, _______?
A. hasn’t it
B. didn’t it
C. mustn’t it
D. hadn’t it
4. You are always telling me I am lazy. Look at your room. What a mess it is! ________.
A. The day has eyes, the night has ears
B. The great thieves punish the little ones
C. That is like the pot calling the kettle black
D. When one will not, two cannot quarrel
5. You can use a large plastic bottle, _______cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
A. with its top
B. the top is
C. whose top
D. the top of which
6. —I don’t think the man enjoys his life, _______? —No. That poor man.
A. does he
B. do I
C. doesn’t he
D. do you
7. Make decisions right away, ______ you’ll miss a golden chance.
A. if
B. and
C. as
D. or
8. _______they move the picture over there?
A. What about
B. How far
C. What if
D. How e
9. _______ I admire his opinion, I don’t think he has touched the vital point.
A. Only if
B. If only
C. As much
D. Much as
10. _______ money did the couple have to pay for the new house that they had no choice but to turn to their parents for help.
A. So much
B. Too much
C. Too little
D. So little
11. _______you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below.
A. Unless
B. Could
C. While
D. Should[来源:Zxxk.]
12. I don’t think Dick’s seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, _______?
A. hasn’t he
B. has he
C. isn’t he
D. is he
13. _______and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you.
A. Have another ten minutes
B. Another ten minutes
C. Given another ten minutes
D. If I have another ten minutes
14. I just don’t understand_______that leads to so many teenagers being addicted to playing puter games.
A. why it does
B. what it does
C. what it is
D. why it is
15. With so many approaches to study foreign languages, never_______so much fun.
A. have learning been
B. learning has been
C. has learning been
D. learning have been
16. _______in his school that many of his fans want to get close to him.
A. So is he popular
B. So popular is he
C. So popular he is
D. So he is popular
17. —I tried many times, but I still failed in the experiment.
—Don’t be discouraged. _______and the problem will be settled.
A. Making a little effort
B. There being a little effort
C. If you make a bit effort
D. A bit more effort
18._______happened to be no one in the building when the fire broke out.
A. It
B. There
C. This
D. That
19. It is____Tom often breaks the school rules____makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.
A. what; that
B. that; what
C. that; that
D. which; that
20. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_____Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A. when
B. that
C. after
D. since
21.Sarah had her purse stolen the day before yesterday when she was knocking about in a park, ?
A. wasn’t she
B. hasn’t she
C. hadn’t she
D. didn’t she
22. —made Daisy wild with joy?
—Her success in the A-level exam this year.
A. How was it that
B. When was it that
C. Why was it that
D. What was it that
23. The question that puzzled them is_____ they can get rid of the air pollution in the area.
A. how is it that
B. that how
C. what is it
D. how it is that
24. It was on December 3, 2011_____ a big fire happened in Beijing, _____ was a great shock to lots of people.
A.when; that
B. that; when
C.when; which
D. that; which
25.—_______no ad during TV plays.
—Great move! I can not tolerate those annoying ads appearing every several minutes.
A. There is said to have
B. It is said to have
C. There is said to be
D. It is said to be
26. To such a degree ___ his boring performance that some of the audience began to feel sleepy.
A. would he go on with
B. he would go on with
C. did he go on with
D. he went on with
27. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.
_______it was!
A. What a dangerous scene
B. What dangerous a scene
C. How a dangerous scene
D. How dangerous the scene
28. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
29. Please do me a favor—_______ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.
A. to invite
B. inviting
C. invite
D. invited
30. _______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has
B. They have
C. It remains
D. There remains
31. When you’ve finished that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf,_______?
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. will you
D. won’t you
32. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre,_______ ?
A. hasn’t she
B. has she
C. isn’t she
D. is she
33. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,_______?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. must he
D. mustn’t he
34. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,_______ ?
A. isn’t he
B. hasn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it[来源:Zxxk.]
35. You and I could hardly work together,_______ ?
A. could you
B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t we
D. could we
36.—You should apologize to her, Barry. —_______, but it’s not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so
B. I feel so
C. I prefer to
D. I like to
37.—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he_______.
A. writes
B. does writing
C. is writing
D. does write
38. We all know that_______, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
39.—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order_______.
A. as told
B. as are told
C. as telling
D. as they told
40. Some of you may have finished unit one._______ , you can go on to unit two.
A. If you may
B. If you do
C. If not
D. If so
1.ADBCA 6.ADCDA 11.DBBCC 16.BDBCB
21.DDDDC 26.CABCD 31.CBBCD 36.ABBAD
学科组长/教学主任：
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
高考英语特殊句式试题 第十三节特殊句式第一部分六年高考题荟萃 2010年高考题 1. （10安徽27） It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which 答案：B. 考点：本题考查强调句型。解析：迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。 2. （10湖南25） John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today. A. why B. when C. which D. that 答案：D 考点：考查强调句型。解析：题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D项。 3. （10全国Ⅰ26） I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now . A. so B. very C. too D. rather 答案：A 句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。解答：此题考察so…as….的固定结构，题干中的关键词是as，译为“像…..一样，正如….. 一样”。因此选择A。 4. （10江苏31）―I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m ―why not consult with Frank? You see, _________. A. great minds think alike B. two heads are better than one C. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush D. it’s better to think twice before doing something 答案：B. 解析：B 表示三个臭皮匠凑成诸葛亮./ A 英雄所见略同./C 一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林./ D.三思而后行. 5．（10四川19） If you have a job，yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed． A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting 答案：A 考点：考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。解析：此处应是祈使句，又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do，故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。” 6.（10陕西17） . John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 答案：D. 解析：考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首，
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
特殊句式集锦 1. It (all) depends:视情况而定 2. It ’s up to sb (to do sth):由某人决定（做某事） ——Shall we go to the art exhibition? ——It ’s up to you. 3. It ’s time ?? ?? ???++v) should （that sth do to sb for sth for sth do to 用过去时或从句 4. It is no use/good/point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用处/益处/意义/意思 It is no point arguing with him about it. 和他争论这事没有意义。 5. ? ????++??++”“： before It was ”：“ before be It will 过了多久才从句一段时间还得过多久才从句一段时间 It will be long before we meet each other again. 还要过很久我们才能再次见面。 It was two years before he came back from abroad. 过了两年后他才回国。 6. ? ????++??++”“： before t It wasn'”“： before be t It won'了不久以后就从句一段时间不多久就会从句一段时间 It won’t be bong before you realize the importance of learning English well. 7. It is /has been + 一段时间 + since 从句（过去时） 自从……以来有多久了 It is years since I enjoyed myself so much. 我有好多年都没有玩得这么开心了。 8. It is /was + 被强调成分 + that: 强调句型 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 昨天午夜我回到了家里。 9. It is/was + 时间 + when 从句。 it 指时间，作主语。 It was midnight when I got back home yesterday. 当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。 10. It + 特殊动词 + that 从句 （1）It happened that …… 碰巧…… It happened that I saw him at the meeting. 碰巧我在会议上见到了他。 （2）It occurred to sb that …… 某人突然想起 It occurred to me that I had several problems to solve. 我突然想起我还有几个亟待解决的问题。 （3）It impressed sb that …… ……令某人钦佩 It impresses me so much that you can still remember my name after these years. 这么多年以后你仍能记得我的名字真令我钦佩之至。 （4）It turned out that …… 结果是，原来是，证明是 It turned out that he was a thief. 原来他是个贼。 11. ”“ why s That' wonder No wonder no is It ???? ? ????? ??难怪 He hasn ’t slept for three nights. It is no wonder he is so tired now. 他有三夜没有睡觉了，难怪现在如此疲惫。 12. There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事 There is no need to wait for him. 13.?? ?+主句 从句 doubt, without doubt that small no/little/ is There 毫无疑问，…… There is no doubt that she will win the game = Without doubt, she will win the game. 14. A is to B what C is to D. A 对于B 犹如C 对于D 。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。 15. Chances are that …… 很可能…… Chances are that he has already heard the news. 很可能他已经听到这个消息了。 16. ”“ by, going With time by,by/went goes time As ??? ?? ?? ?????，随着时间的推移 As time went by, I came to know how to use the computer. 随着时间的推移，我慢慢地知道了如何使用电脑。 17. the + 比较级 ……，the + 比较级 …… 越……，越就…… The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.. 你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。 18. “倍数”句型： B of n the is A (3)B than adj is A (2)B as adj as is A )1(?? ? ??+++++++++++++倍数比较级倍数倍数
[必须收藏】高中英语特殊句式! 奇速在线教育：https://www.doczj.com/doc/3d634583.html, 特殊句式包含： A. there be 句型 B. 倒装句 C. 强调句 D. 省略句 E. 插入语 F. 分隔句式 A. there be 句型 1、there be 句型的意义：表示“某处有某物”。 2、there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ; 3、there be 句型的特殊用法： there be 不可与have 连用 there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则 there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+there there +具体的动词使表达更生动 there be 的非谓语动词为若前面的动词后是不定式时，就用there to be 若前面的动词后是v-ing 时，就用there being 4、there be 句型的固定搭配 there is no use / sense / point + v-ing there is no need +to do there is no doubt +that 从句 蔡章兵主编QQ757722345 二、部分倒装（高考考点） 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词+ 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别 4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装 5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装 6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装 1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置，主语是代词时不倒装。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。 Clever as he is，he does n’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买它。 Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 =Although she try as she can, she failed . 2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装 表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,
高中英语语法需掌握的13个英语句型 1、as 句型 (1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……” 例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。 (2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;否定式：not as/so --- as 例：He is as good a player as his sister.他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。 (3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… 例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。 (4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth如此……以致于…… 例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。 (5) such...as... 象……之类的……(接名词或定语从句) 例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。 (6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的……(接名词或定语从句) 例：He is not the same man as he used to be.他不是从前的那样子了。 (7) as 引导非限制性定语从句 例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。 (8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近 例：We get wiser as we get older.随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。 (9) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近 例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。 (10) 引导让步状语从句 例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。 2、prefer 句型 (1) prefer to do sth 例：I prefer to stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。 (2) prefer doing sth 例：I prefer playing in defence.我喜欢打防守。 (3) prefersb to do sth 例：Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗? (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth……宁愿…...而不愿... 例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去. (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth 例：I prefer watching football to playing it.我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。 (6) prefersth to sth 例：I prefer tea to coffee.我要茶不要咖啡。 3、when 句型 (1) be doing sth...when... 例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。 (2) be about to do sth ... when ... 例：We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。 (3) had just done ... when ... 例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. 在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。 4、seem 句型 (1) It +seems + that从句 例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.看来好像每个人都很满意。 (2) It seems to sbthat ... 例：It seems to me that she is right.我看她是对的， (3) There seems to be ... 例：There seems to be a heavy rain.看上去要有一场大雨。 (4) It seems as if ... 例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。
高中英语特殊句式练习题 1．Word came ______ our duties would be changed. A. that B. which C. whether D. when 2．Every year a great number of foreign tourists pay a visit to _____ we Chinese call Heaven Lake. A. where B. which C. what D. that 3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the picket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 4．When ________ questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. A．asking B．to ask C．to be asked D．asked 5．It is the first time that we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family．A．see B. had seen C．saw D．have seen 7．After the exam, my teacher told me that failure ____ the mother of success. A. was B. is C. be D. been 8．It was only when I reread his poems recently ______ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. that B. until C. then D. so 10．Our teacher said to us that the earth _________ around the sun. A. travelled B. travels C. is traveling D. was traveling 12．The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me＿＿＿to call that in Chinese. A. whether B. where C. which D. what 13．—Dock doesn't know much about computers. —. A.So he did B.So does Mary C.Neither do I D.Nor will Mary 14．Before I left home, my mother taught me ________some simple dishes, such as noodles and garlic with vegetables. A. what cooking B. how cooking C. what to cook D. how to cook 15．Making great efforts to struggle hard in your study，if ______，will possibly lead to your great success in the college entrance exam next year. A. continued B．to continue C．continues D．continuing 16．It was many years ____ American women were given the rights to vote. A. when B. since C. before D. as 17．Don’t worry！There is still a great chance we can make up for the lost time. A．which B．that C．where D．when 18．Her last book sold five million copies and we hope this one will be＿＿＿＿popular. A. so B. as C. such D. much 19．--- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________. A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no 20．______, I suppose, and the housing problems for the low-income families could be solved. A. If you double your efforts B. To make some more efforts
高考英语特殊句式专练100题（带答案） 1. Only after Mary read her composition the second time _____ the spelling mistake. A.did she notice B.she noticed C.does she notice D.she has noticed 2. _______, who was happy to be bathed in the warm sunshine. A.Lying on the grass was a boy B.On the grass had lain a boy https://www.doczj.com/doc/3d634583.html,in on the grass was a boy D.On the grass did a a boy lie 3. China's development can't continue without lawmakers, nor _______ move forward without scientists. A.it can B.can it C.can't it D.it can't 4. You might find the people who made complaints about our services unkind, but at no time _______ they were unreasonable.
A.I had felt B.had I felt C.I felt D.did I feel 5. Word has come _______ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A.what B.that C.whether D.when 6. It is about ten years _______ I met you last time. A.since B.for C.when D.as 7. _______ back made her parents angry and sad. A.Not her coming B.your coming C.Her not coming
特殊句式专题演练七 120. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ______ any end to their influence on man’s lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗本题主要考倒装。 〖解析〗句意：（人类）写出好书无终点, 同样它们（指书籍）对人们生活的影响也无止境！121. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语, 所以后接的主句要倒装。答案为B。 122. It is these poisonous products ________can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles. A. who B. that C. how D. what 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考查强调句型。 〖解析〗这是一个强调句, 对主语these poisonous products进行强调。这是一个限制性定语从句, 由于先行词是these poisonous products, 关系代词只能是which或that, 备选答案中没有which, 于是选B项that。答案为B。 123. Only in this way _____ to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗在含有only+状语的句子中, 谓语动词要进行倒装。只有用这种方法, 才能改善操作系统。译文：只有用这种方法, 才能改善操作系统。答案为C。 124. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗否定句(如该句中的never)在句首时, 应用部分主谓倒装。这类副词有：never ,hardly ,seldom ,scarcely, little等。译文：那对老夫妇结婚已经四十年了, 连一次架也没吵过。答案选C。 125. Only when your identity has been checked, _____. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 〖答案〗D 〖考点〗考部分主谓倒装。 〖解析〗only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语从句, 所以
最常见到的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。 1 全部倒装 1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如： (1) There are many students in the classroom. (2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much. 2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如： Here comes the bus. Out went the children. 3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如： (1) Then came a new difficulty. (2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如： In the middle of our school stands a high building. 5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如： (1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. (2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 2 部分倒装 1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。 例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English. 注意：①在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。 Only when you have finished your homework（从句用正常语序）can you go to the cinema. ②only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation. 2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子： 表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；xk;w
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
英语特殊句式 1.强调句：It be…连接词that/who其它 1.去掉句型词后，仍完整。 2.可以强调，主语，宾语，状语。 3.强调状语时，常含有介词，连接词用that. 4.强调部分含有定语从句。 5.与not… until时间状语综合，not和until在强调句中紧挨着。 6.强调句的特殊疑问形式为；疑问词…be.. it..that.. ，语序问题考查 7.强调句的特殊疑问形式，若在宾语从句中，疑问词…it..be…that 8.强调结构的省略形式，即被强调部分后的省略。 9.do（does, did，）用在动词原形前意为务必，确实。(只能用于一般式的肯定 句) （1）They couldn’t say ___it was _____troubled them. A. what; that B. what, what C. that what D. what who （2）It is not who is right but what is right _____ is of importance. A. which B.it C. that D .this （3）It was in China ____Tom first met Mr. Lin. A. that B. How C. which D. where （4）It was ____back home after the experiment . A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go （5）---Where did you get to know her ? ---It was on the farm _____we worked . A. that B. there C. which D .where 2.倒装 1.与之相对的是陈述；若使用倒装，在句子中会出现某些迹象 2.种类:完全倒装，（谓语提前）；部分倒装（助词提前）。 3. 完全倒装： （1）表示地点的介词短语在句首时；（谓语为Vi sit ,live , stand , come , run ）（2）副词in , out, up, down, away, off 在句首时，（若主语是人称代词时，不倒装）。 （3）There be句型，要完全倒装。（Be动词可换为live , stand, lie, seem, happen, come, Appear, remain ) 4.部分倒装 （1）否定词在句首时，（后面部分不能再出现否定词）常见否定词如下：never , seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, by no means, under no circumstance （2）以only +副词（介词短语，从句：正常语序。）在句首时； (3)so/such….that句型中，若so/such提到句首时，该部分倒装；（但that部分不倒装）。 (4).虚拟条件句中，省略if，提前were ,had, should.