动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing
发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary
看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody
困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)
你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？
The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后
面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语
的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting.
= The film is found very exciting.
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）
I felt somebody standing behind me.
2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）
We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式
和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring.
We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
四、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
= and left him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons..
.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
练习题
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.
1) _______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
2) All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear.
3) When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital.
4) Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm.
5) The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital.
6) The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet."
7) —What is a water can used for?
—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that.
8) There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
9) The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river.
10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another person.
2.-ing形式作补语练与析
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A. being sung; sang
B. sang; singing
C. sung; sing
D. to be sung; to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.
A. interesting; boring
B. interested; boring
C. interesting; bored
D. interested; bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
聚焦动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等。如: 1. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.(原因) 3. He came running back to tell us the news. (方式) 4. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 5. Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) 6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果) 注意:①动词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②动词-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 [巩固练习] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. (NMET 2004 II) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 3. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. Finding her car stolen, ______. (上海2001) A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补与状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1、表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible、(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作就是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2、表示主语具有的特征、性质与状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词) The problem is quite puzzling、 这个问题很令困惑。 3、常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往就是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night、(staying too late every night的逻辑主语就是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途与性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 瞧起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如就是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south、(=which is facing south) 她们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket) 您认识在打篮球的那个小男孩不？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人就是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house、 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting、
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
l g e m 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. We heaard them (quarrel) about money after the concert. They looked very angry. 2. The villagers saw the fire (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses (burn) to the ground already. 3. I didn’t see anyone (take) away your paper. It might have been blown by the wind. 4. During the days (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting. 5. The woman (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 6. Einstein was one of the greatest scientists (repect) by people. 7. Doing nothing is (do) ill. 8. To do that would be (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 9. We were all very (surprise) at the news. I found it very (surprise). 10. He gave us an (inspire) speech. We were all (inspire). 二、在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句型转换(每空一词)。 1. Your task is cleaning the house carefully.______ ______ _______ _______ is your task. 2. His speech inspired us. We _________ _________ by his speech. 3. The boy who was missing was last seen playing near the lake. The ______ boy was last seen playing
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
概念引入 The music they are playing sounds so exciting . We watched three boys sharing their food with each Our job is playing all kinds of music . The girl singing now is a classmate of mine 用法讲解 非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种： 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。 ?基本形式： 1、-ing形式作表语 1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。 如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征， 如： His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。 2、-ing形式作定语 1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途， 如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度， 如： tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作， 如： 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor. 我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。 We can see the rising sun. Attention 1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别： The student making the experiment is our monitor. They lived in a room facing the street. 正在举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting being held now is very important. 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting held yesterday is very important. 明天要举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
高中英语语法 动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习 第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)
Unit 4动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job His hobby is painting. = Painting is his job. 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging. 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 reading material 阅读材料 No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. There is a swimming pool in our school. ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 sleeping child 熟睡的孩子walking stick 手杖living room 起居室running water 自来水 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 In the following years he worked even hard. 在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。 The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、 宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被 修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。 例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
Section ⅢGrammar——动词-ing形式作 定语和状语 [语境自主领悟] 一、动词-ing形式(现在分词)由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语 动词-ing形式的基本形式如下： ) 学生们走在街上，又说又笑。 Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。 Having struggled for many years，he was finally admitted to a key university. 经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。 Having been laughed at for his mistakes，the boy was very upset.那男孩因犯错
而被嘲笑，他非常沮丧。 [名师点津] 动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing 形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。 [即时演练1]单句语法填空 ①I like staying up late watching (watch) TV，surfing the Internet or doing something I'm fond of. ②Having lived (live) in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well. ③Seeing (see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 【导学号：21122031】 二、动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语 1．动词-ing形式作定语。 The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it.(前置定语) 消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林，去营救被困人员。 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.(后置定语)站在那儿的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。 The building being built over there is our library.(后置定语，强调“正在被建”) 那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing. ＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 (2)作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
1.v-ing作状语可以修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随的情况等。 **时间状语 动词的ing形式作时间状语时相当于一个状语从句，几乎每一个动词ing作状语时都可以转换成一个时间状语从句。它表示动作如果和谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，此时常用动词的ing形式的一般式，在强调动词的ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，用动词ing的完成时。 Eg；1.arriving in Paris，I lost my way。 =when I arrived in Paris，I lost my way。到巴黎后，我迷路了。 2.Hearing the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 =when the boy heard the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 听到这个令人激动的消息，男孩高兴得跳起来。 3.we are ready for the examination，having made full preparations。 = we are ready for the examination，when we have made full preparations。 我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 **原因状语
动词的ing 作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句。它表示的原因的动词ing 形式短语一般置于句首。 Eg；1.having smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer。 =as he has smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer 由于抽烟过多，他得了肺癌。 2.living far from my company，I have to get up early。 =because I live far from my company，I have to get up early。 由于住得离公司远，我只好早起。 3.not knowing her address，I might as well call her to come over。 =because I do not know her address，I might as well call her to come over。 不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她来。 **结果状语 动词的ing作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。它可以转化成结果状语从句。 Eg；1.the fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable。 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。 **方式、伴随状语 动词ing表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明发生的背景或情况。 Eg，1.I stood by the door，not daring to say a word。 我站在门旁边，不敢说一句话。 2.my parents wrote me a letter ，telling me to change my job。 我父母来信让换我工作。 3.i lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time。 我躺在草地上，长时间的望天空。 4.talking and laughing，the kids walked one by one into the classroom。 孩子们有一个个说有笑的走进教室。 5.theycame running all the way。 他们一路跑过来。 **条件状语
ing 分词作定语使用全攻略 先看一个长难句分析：This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming(声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive. 这个发现终结了数个世纪的声称耳朵的生理功能决定了我们所发现的(声音)是富有吸引力的理论。 其中claiming 是ing分词表示主动作后置定语， ing 分词作定语如何使用呢？ 1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如：a listening child= a child who is listening, 如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。 a walking stick= a stick for walking. a reading room= a room for reading a swimming pool= a pool for swimming 现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。 Sea water ___containing______ (contain) salt can’t be drunk. Sea water which contains salt can’t be drunk. 2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。如： a moving film, a developing country. exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的interesting 有趣味的, 引起好奇的 disappointing 使人失望的, 令人失望的discouraging 令人气馁的 encouraging 奖励的, 可奖励的puzzling使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的 missing. n不见的, 缺少的surprising令人惊讶的 confusing使人混淆的amusing有趣的 charming迷人的, 娇媚的,astonishing可惊异的 shocking骇人听闻的inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的 3. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行 =I have a friend __who __ _is___ __living____in London. No one is allowed to speak in the reading room. 再举例： (1).They lived in a room facing the street. (2).A number of people __standing_______ (stand) outside asked to be allowed to enter the hall.. we set up a sign reading“No admittance” 我们设立了一个告示牌，告示排上写着：“禁止入内”。此处we set up a sign reading“No admittance”相当于we set up a sign which reads“No admittance” (3).It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。2012山东卷阅读B (4).Looking ahead(状语),scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century（后置定语）.展望未来，科学家们认为全球
动词-ing做状语【学案】 （必修四第四单元语法点） 1.-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原 因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。 2. -ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When______________________, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After_______________________, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 注意：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done _______________(finish) his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because__________________, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =_______________he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为 他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If______________, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。