A kind of sermon
(1)It is probably(多半，非常) easier for teachers than for students to appreciate（理解，明白）the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly（越来越）difficult once the basic structures （结构）and patterns（模式）of the language have been understood .Students are naturally（自然）surprised （吃惊）and disappointed （失望）to discover（发现）that a process（过程）which ought to become simpler（简单）does not appeal to（似乎seem）do so.
(一旦明白了英语的基本结构和句型，老师们比学生们非常容易理解为什么学习英语看起来越来越难的原因。
学生们发现一个应该变得简单的过程而似乎没有简单时，他们自然会吃惊和失望。
)
(2)It may not seem much consolation （安慰）to point out（指出）that .the teacher,too,becomes frustrated （沮丧，失望）when his efforts （努力）appear to（seem似乎）product（产生）less obvious（明显的）results（结果）.（即使向学生指出，老师的努力似乎不能产生很多的效果而变得失望灰心，也不可能对学生产生很多的安慰）He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice(实践), hesitate （犹豫不决，止步不前）when confronted（面对）with the vast
（广大的）untouched（没接触过的）area（领域）of English vocabulary（词汇）and usage（语法）which falls outside the scope of （---范围之外）basic（基本）textbooks（课本）.(他们发现，学生们容易教，是因为他们成功地把教给的所有东西应用于实践；当学生面对大量的、未接触过的、在基本课本之外的英语词汇和语法时，他们会犹豫不决。
)He sees them struggling（挣扎）because the language they thought they knew now appears to consist of（由---构成）bewildering（令人困惑的）variety （品种,各种）of idioms（成语，习语）, cliches （陈旧用语）and accepted phrases （固定词组）with different meanings in different context（上下文）.（致力，努力）.（他看到他们在挣扎，因为他们被教的、他们知道的语言看起来在由令人困惑的、在不同的上下文有不同的意思的各种习语、陈旧用语和固定词组组成。
）It is hard to convince（使--相信）them that they are still making progress towards (往，朝向)fluency（流畅）and that their English is certain（确定）to improve（改善，提高）, given time and dedication（很难让他们相信，他们在朝着流畅的目标前进，及时只要花上时间和精力，他们的英语确定能提高和改善。
）
（3）In such circumstances(情形下) it is hardly surprising that some give up in disgust（厌恶）,（在这样的情形下，一些学生厌恶地放弃了学习，一点也不令人吃惊。
）while （表转折，
意为“而”）others still wait hopefully for the teacher to give them the same confident（确信，自信）guidance（教导）he was able to offer（给予）them at first.（而另外一些学生满怀希望等待老师给他们一些一开始能够给予他们的充满自信
的教导）。
The teacher, for his part（部分）, frequently （常常地）reduced （减少）to trying to explain（解释）the inexplicable（莫名其妙的，无法解释）, may take refuge in （避难，逃避）quoting（引述）proverbs（谚语）to his colleagues （同事）such as"You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink, " or, more respectfully（恭敬地）if less grammatically（语法上）: "It ain't what you say. It's the way you that you say it." (就老师来说，由于常常尝试解释哪些无法解释的东西，他们可能对同事们引用一些谚语来逃避，如：“引马到河边容易，逼马饮水难”，或者引用一句不太符合语法却尊重学生的话：”“重要的不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说”。
)His students might feel inclined to （倾向于做某事）counter（回应，反应）these with:"The more I lean ,the less I know."（他的学生们则倾向于回应他们说：“我学的越多，懂的越少。
”）
（4）Of course this is not true.（当然，这话并不正确。
）What both students and teachers are experiencing（体验，经历）is the recognition（认识，识别）that the more complex （复杂）
structures （结构）one encounters （遇到）in a language are not as vital to （同样重要的）making oneself understood and so have a less immediate（直接）field（领域，范围）of application （应用）.(因为不论老师还是学生正经历着这样的认识过程，即我们在语言方面遇到更复杂的结构，这些结构对于表达自己的意思不是那么不可或缺，因此他们的应用范围不是那么直接。
) For the same reason, from the teachers point the view （观点，看法）, selecting （选择）what should be taught becomes a more difficult task（任务）. （由于同样的原因，来自老师们的观点是，选择适当的教材变成了一项更加困难的任务。
）It is much easier to get food of any kind than to choose the dish （菜）you would most like to eat on a given day （特定的日子）from a vast （丰富）menu（菜单）.（就像随便吃点东西比在某个特定的日子从一份丰富的菜单中选
择你最喜欢吃的一道菜更容易。
）
(5)Defining（界定）the problem is easier than providing（提供）the solution（办法）.（界定问题比提供解决办法容易。
）One can suggest（建议）that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country, which amounts to (等
于)washing one's hands of（与…无关）them. （有人建议学生们应该在说英语的国家住两三年，这观点等于把学生们抛弃，不再管他们。
）Few students have the time or the money to
do that.（少数学生有时间或者金钱这样做）It is often said that wide（广泛）reading is the best alternative （选择）course of （当然的）action（行动，途径）. （人们常说，大量阅读是最佳的选择和当然的途径。
）but even here it is necessary（必要的）to make some kind of selection（选择）. （但是即使这样，做出许多选择也是必要的）It is no use telling students to go to the library and pick up the first book they come cross（偶然遇到）. （只告诉学生到图书馆拿到他们偶然遇到的第一本书来阅读是没有用处的）My own advice to them would be:"read what you can understand without having to look up words in a dictionary (but not what you can understand at a glance); " read what interests you ; read what you have time
for(magazines and newspapers rather than novels unless you can read the whole novel in a week or so); read the English written today, not 200 years ago; read as much as you can and try to remember the way （方式）it was written rather than individual （个别）words that puzzled（让人费解的）you." （我对学生的建议是：“读不需要查字典你就能看懂的东西（但并非一看就懂）；读你感兴趣的东西；读你有时间读的东西（杂志、报纸而不是长篇小说，除非你在一个星期左右的时间读完整本小说）；读当代写的英文，而不是读200年以前写的英文；尽你所能多读并且尽量记住各种表达方式，而不是那些让你费解的个别单词”）And instead of "read", I could just as well say "listen to ."（与其说是“阅读”，我还不如说是在
“听”。
）
(6)My advice to teachers would be similar(类似) in a way.（某种意义上）（我对老师的建议有几分类似。
）I would say"It's no good thinking that anything will do（其作用）, or that all language is useful. It's no good relying on（依靠）student to express （表达）themselves without the right tools（工具）for expression.（表达）（我要说：“认为什么教材都行或者任何语言都有用是没有好处的。
不交给学生正确表达的方式而依靠学生自己表达他们的思想是没有好处的。
”）It's still your duty（义务）to choose the best path to following near the top of the mountain just as it was to propose （建议）a practicable （可行）short-cut away （捷径）from the beaten track（熟路）in the foothills. （山麓）（在接近山顶时选择最佳的路径仍然是老师的责任，就像在山麓为他们建议一条可行的路径一样。
）And if the path you choose is too overgrown（草木丛生）to make further（更远的）progress（发展）,the whole party （所有的人）will have to go back and you will have to choose another route（线路）. (如果你选择的道路过于杂草丛生而不能向更远的地方发展。
所有的人不得不返回而你不得不选择另外的路线。
)You are still the paid（支付、雇佣）guide（向导）and expert （专家）and there is a way to the top
somewhere. "（你仍然是花钱雇来的向导和专家，而在某个地方总有一条通向山顶的路。
）
Feels Like Spring
I stop at the corner drugstore （杂货店）for a breakfast of doughnuts （炸面圈）and coffee, and then I race（飞快跑）to the subway（地铁）station and gallop （跑向）down the steps to catch my usual train.I hold （把握）on to the strap （皮带）and make believe（假装）I'm reading my newspaper, but I keep glancing at （扫视）the people crowded （拥挤）in round me.I listen to them talk about their troubles and their friends,and I wish I had someone to talk to ,some to break the monotony（单调）of the long subway ride.（我在街角的杂货店停下，吃了炸面圈和咖啡的早餐，然后，我飞快跑向地铁站，冲下台阶，赶上我经常坐的那班火车。
我抓牢拉手吊环，假装在读报纸，但是我一直扫视着周围拥挤的人们。
我听着他们谈论他们的烦恼和朋友，也希望我有个人聊聊，有人打破这个漫长单调的地铁旅程。
）
As we approach （接近）the 175th Street station, I begin to get tense （紧张）again. She usually gets into the
train at that station. She slips （滑移）in gracefully（优雅）, not pushing（推）or shoving （挤）like the rest,and she squeezes（挤压）into a little space,clinging to （死守）the people and holding on（持有）to an office envelope that probably contains（包含）her lunch. She never carries a newspaper or a book; I guess there isn't much sense（感觉，意思）in trying to read when you're smashed（粉碎）in like that.（当我们接近第175街道车站时，我又开始变得紧张了。
她通常从这个车站上这趟车。
她优雅地滑动着，不像其他人那样又推又挤的，她挤进一片小空间，紧靠着人群，手中拿着也许装着午餐的公文袋。
她从不拿报纸或者书，我猜想党一个人像这样被挤碎了的时候，努力去阅读的确没有多大意思。
）
There's a fresh （清新）outdoor look about her and I figure（揣摩）she live in New Jersey. The Jersey crowd gets in at stop. She has a sweet face with that scrubbed （白净）look that doesn't need powder （粉）or rouge （胭脂）. She never wears make-up（化妆）except for lipstick（口红）. And her wavy（波浪形）hair is natural, just a nice light brown. And all she does hold on to the pole and think her own thoughts, her eyes clear--blue and
warm. （她气色清新，看上去是习惯了户外生活。
我猜想她住在新泽西州。
新泽西人大都从这个站上车。
她面容甜美白净，不需要涂脂抹粉。
她除了口红外，从不化妆。
她波浪型的头发十分自然，带着优美的淡棕色。
她总是抓着吊环，想着自己的事情，她的双眼清澈、湛蓝、温暖。
）
I always like to watch her, but I have to be careful.
I'm afraid she'd get angry and move away if she catches me at it, and then I won't have anyone, because she's my only real friend, even if she doesn't know it. I'm all alone in New York City and I guess I'm kind of shy and don't make friends easily. The fellows（同伴）in the bank are all right but they have their own lives to lead, and besides, I can't ask anyone to come up to a furnished（带家具的）room; so they go their way and I go mine.（我总是喜欢注视她，但是我不得不小心。
我害怕她发现后会生气然后走开，那么我就一个朋友都没有了，因为她是我唯一的朋友，尽管她还不知道。
在纽约，我是孑然一人，，而且我认为我有点腼腆，不容易找到朋友。
我银行里的同事们都很好，但是他们个人有个人生活的天地。
另一方面，我不能邀请他们去我租住的带有家具的房间，所以，一下班，我们就各奔东西。
）
The city is getting （使烦恼）me. It's too big and noisy---too many people for a fellow who's all by himself （独自一人）. I can't seem to get used to（适应）it. I'm used to the quiet（宁静）of a small New Hampshire（新罕布什尔州）farm but there isn't any future（前程）on a New Hampshire farm any more: so after I was
d ischarged（出院）from th
e Navy（海军）, I applied for （申请）this position （位置）in bank and I got it. I suppose（设想）it's a good break（机会）but I'm kind o
f lonesome（寂寞）.（这个城市让我烦恼，它太大、太吵闹---对一个孤独的人来说，人也太多。
我看起来不能是适应这个城市。
我适应新汗布什而州农场的宁静，但是在新汗布什而州农场没有任何前程，所以我从海军复原后，申请了银行的这个位置并且得到了它。
我设想这是一个好机会，但是我有点孤独寂寞。
）As I ride along, swayin
g （摇摆）to the motion （运动）of the car, I like to imagine（想象）that I'm friends wit
h her. Sometimes I'm even tempted（诱惑）to smile at her, and say something like"Nice morning, isn't it?" But I'm scared（心虚）. She might think I'm one of those wise （高明的）guys （家伙）and she'd freeze up （冷淡）and look right through me as if I didn't exist（存在）,and
then the next morning she wouldn't be here any more and I'd have no one to think about. I keep dreaming that maybe some day I'll get to know her. You know,in a casual（休闲，随意）way.（当我一个人坐着地铁，随着车的晃动而摇摆，我喜欢想象我和她成为了朋友。
有时我忍不住想对她微笑，说一些诸如“早晨很美好，不是吗？”之类的话。
但是，我心虚，她可能认为我是个自作聪明的家伙而冷淡我，对我视而不见，而在第二天早晨她再也不会出现，我没有人可以想了。
我梦想可能有一天，我会认识她。
当然，以一种随意的方式。
）
Like maybe she'd be coming through the door and someone pushed her and she brushes against me and
she'd say quickly, "Oh,I beg your pardon," and I'd left my hat politely （礼貌）and answer: "That's perfectly all right,"and I smile to show her I mean it, and then she'd smile back at me and say, "Nice day, isn't it?" and I'd say,"Feels like spring." And we couldn't say anything more,but when she'd be ready to get off at 34th Street, she'd wave her fingers a little at me and say,"good bay," and I'd tip my hat again.(比如，也许她从门里进来，有人推了她，她撞到了我，于是她马上说：“哦，对不起”。
我彬彬有礼地举起帽子回答说：“没关系”并且微笑着对她表示我的意思，然后她也微笑着回答我说：“天气很好，不是吗？”我会说：“感觉像春天一样。
”接下来我们就不会多说什么，但是，当她从第34号街道车站下车时，她会轻轻挥挥手对我说：“再见。
”于是我再一次举起帽子。
)
The next morning when she'd come in,she'd see me and say "Hello," or maybe "Good morning ," and I'd answer and add something to show her I really knew a little about sping. Now wise cracks because I wouldn't want her to think that I was one of those sooth--talking guys who pick up girls in the subway.（第二天早晨，当她上车时，她看到我说：“你好”，也许是“早上好，”我也许会回答她并且增加一些话，向她表明我确实知道的关于春天的一些东西。
那时，没有什么俏皮话，因为我不想让她以为我是一个花言巧语，在地铁里认识女孩子的家伙。
）
And after a while,we'd get a little friendlier and start talking about things like the weather or the news,and one day she'd say,"Isn't it funny? Here we are talking every day and we don't even know each other's name." And I'd stand up straight and tip my hat and say,"l'd like you to
meet Mr.Thomas Pearse." And she'd say very seriously "How do you do, Mr.Pearse. I want you to meet Miss Elizabeth Altemose."（过了一段时间，我们会更加友好一点。
我们开始谈论比如天气和新闻之类的事情。
有一天，她说：“有意思吗？我们每天在这里交谈，但是我们却不知道彼此的名字。
”于是，我站起来，挺直身子，举起帽子说：“我想让你认识认识托马斯-皮尔先生。
”而她很严肃地说：“你好，皮尔斯先生，我想让你认识伊利萨白-阿尔莫斯特小姐。
”）
"Thomas," she'd say,as if she were trying（试试）out the sound（声音、读音）of it.（“汤姆斯，”她说，好像是试试这个名字的读音。
）
"What?" I'd ask.
"I can't possibly（可能）call you Thomas ," she'd say."It's so formal.（正式）"
"My friends call me Tommy," I'd tell her.
"And mine call me Betty."
And that's the way it would be. Maybe after a while I'd mention（提起）the name of a good movie（电影）that was playing at the Music Hall and suggest（建议）that if she weren't doing anything in particular（特别）….（事情就这样发展。
也许一会我会提起一部正在音乐
大厅上映的电影的名字，并提议如果她没有特别的事……）
And she would come right out with, "Oh,I'd love
it!" I'd knock off （停止工作）a little earlier and meet her where she worked and we would go out to dinner somewhere. I'd ask some of the men at the bank for the name of a good restaurant（餐厅）. And I would talk to her about New Hampshire and maybe mention how lonesome I got,and if it's a really nice place and it's quite and cozy（舒适）, maybe I'd tell her how shy I was,and she'd be listening with shining eyes and she'd clasp（扣）her hand and lean （趴）over the table until I could smell （闻）the fragrance （香水）of her hair and she'd whisper （耳语）,"I'm shy,too." then we'd both lean back and smile secretly（秘密）,and we'd eat without saying much because ,after all（毕竟）, what's there to say after that? （她马上说：“哦，我喜欢去。
”于是我早一会停止工作，到她工作的地方接她，然后我们到外面某些地方去吃晚饭。
我问银行的人一个好餐厅的名字。
然后我和她谈论关于新汗布什尔州，也许要提起我是多么孤独；如果那真是一个安静舒适好地方，也许我会告诉她我是多么害羞，她闪着明亮的眼睛，交叉双手趴在
桌子上，直到我闻到她头发上香水的味道，并听到她的耳语：“我也害羞。
”然后我们两个都向后靠着偷偷笑起来，吃饭时我们都不多说话，因为，毕竟在那以后我们说什么呢？
And after the movie,I'd take her home. She wouldn't want me to travel all the way out. "I live in New Jensey," she'd say."It's nice of you to coffer to take me home but I couldn't ask you to make a long trip like that. Don't worry, I'll be all right." But I'd take her arm and say, "Come on.
I want to take you home.I like New Jersey." And we'd take the bus across the George Washington Bridge with the Hudson River flowing dark（黑暗）and mysterious （神秘）below （下面）us,and then we'd be in New Jersey and we'd see the light of small homes and she'd invite me in but I'd say it was too late and then she'd turn to me and say,"Then you must promise （承诺）to come for dinner this Sunday." And I'd promise and then.-----（看完电影，我送她回家。
她不想让我送这么远的路。
“我住在新泽西州，”她说。
“你太客气了，请我喝咖啡，还要送我回家，但是我不想让你像这样走那么远的路途。
不要着急，我会没事的。
”但是我拉着她的手说：“来，我想送你你回家。
我喜欢新泽西。
”我们坐
着巴士穿过乔治-华盛顿大桥，任幽暗哈德逊河在我们脚下的神秘流淌。
然后我们到达了新泽西州并且看到了看到许多房子里的灯光。
她邀请我到她房子里，我说太晚了；于是她转向我对我说：“那么你一定要答应本周日来吃晚饭。
”我会答应。
然后---
The train is slowing down and the people are bracing（支撑）themselves automatically （自动）for the stop. It's the 175th Street station. There's a big crowd （人群）waiting to get in. I look out anxiously （焦急地）for her but I don't see her anywhere and my heart sinks （下沉）, and just then I catch a glimpse （一瞥）of her, way（路径）over at the other side. She's wearing a new hat with little flowers on it. The door opens and the people start pushing in. She's caught （捕获）in the rush （繁忙）and there's nothing she can do about it. She bangs into （碰撞）me and she grabs（抓）the strap （皮带）I'm holding and hang on it for dear life.（火车在减速，人们纷纷为停车做准备。
这是第175号街车站。
一大群人在等着上车。
我焦急地向外看着寻找她，但是我没有看到她，于是我感到我的心往下沉，就在这时，我一眼瞥见她，从另外一个路径过来。
她戴着一顶点缀着小花的新帽子。
门开了，人们开始拥进来。
她被拥挤的人群挤压着，什么也不能做。
她撞到了我，并且抓住了我正抓着的吊环皮带，为了珍惜宝贵生命。
）
"I beg your pardon." She gasps.(倒抽一口凉气)
My hands are pinned（寄托）down and I can't tip （举）my hat but I answer politely（礼貌）, " That's all right. "
The doors close and the train begins to move. She has to hold on to my strap; there isn't any other place for her.
" Nice day, isn't it? "she says.
The train swings （波动）around a turn and the wheels（车轮）squealing（尖叫）on the rails sound like the birds singing in New Hampshire. My heart is pounding like mad.
"Feels like spring." I say.
Unit 2
The Fifth Freedom
More than three centuries ago a handful of（少数）pioneers(先驱者)crossed the ocean to Jamestown and Plymouth
in search of freedoms they were unable to find in their own countries, the freedom we still cherish(珍视)today:freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of speech, freedom of religion(宗教)。
Today the descendants(后代) of the early settlers （早期殖民者），and those who have joined them since ,are fighting to （斗争）protect（保卫）these freedom at home and throughout the world.（国内国外）（300多年前，少数先驱者穿过大洋来到詹姆斯顿和普利茅斯，为了寻找在他们原来的国家中不能找到的自由，这些也是我们今天仍然珍视的自由：免于匮乏的自由，免于恐惧的自由，言论自由，宗教自由。
今天这些早期殖民者的后代们和那些后来加入他们行列的人们还在国内国外为保卫这些自由而斗争。
）
And yet there is a fifth freedom----basic to those four ---that we are in danger of (处于--危险中)losing:the freedom to be one's best（达到自己最佳水平上的自由）（然而，我们正面临失去第五种自由的危险，它是那四种自由的基础，这种自由是：达到自己最佳水平上的自由）.St. Exupery(埃克苏佩里) describes （描述）a ragged（衣衫褴褛的）, sensitive-faced （长相聪明）Arab child(流浪儿)，haunting （困扰）the streets of a North African town(北非小镇),as a lost（失去）Mozart :he would never be trained （培训）or developed（开发）.Was he free?（埃克苏佩里把一个衣衫褴褛、面貌聪慧的被困扰在
一个北非小镇的流浪儿描写成一个被埋没的莫扎特，他从没有受到过培训和开发，他自由吗？）"No one grasped（把握）you by the shoulder（肩膀）while there was still time; and nought（化为乌有）will awaken（睡醒）in you the sleeping poet （诗人）or musician （音乐家）or astronomer（天文学家）that possibly （可能）inhabited （居住）you from the beginning.（从出生）" The freedom to be one's best is the chance for the development of each person to his highest power （力量）.（“从出生开始，有可能成为诗人、音乐家、天文学家，但是当你有机会的时候没有人拉你一把，但是时机过后什么都不能被唤醒了。
”一个人达到自己最高水平的自由就是让每个人把自己的能力发展到最高水平的机会。
）How is it that we in America have begun to lose this freedom, and how can we regain （恢复）it for our nation's youth?
I believe it has started slipping away from us because of three misunderstandings（误解）.（在美国我们是怎么开始失去这种自由的呢？并且我们怎样才能为我们的年轻人恢复获得这种自由？我相信这种自由正开始从我们身边溜走，因为我们存在着三个方面的误解。
）
First,the misunderstanding of the meaning of democracy（民主）. The principal（校长）of a great Philadephia （费城）high school is driven to cry（呼吁）for help in combating （打击）the notion
（概念）that it is undemocratic to run （实施）a special（特殊的）program（大纲）of studies for outstanding（优秀）boys and girls. （首先被误解的是对民主的含义。
费城一个著名的中学的校长被迫大声呼吁来反对不民主的观念，为优秀学生实施特殊的学习大纲。
）Again,（又如）when a good independent （私立的）school in Memphis（孟菲斯）recently（最近）closed,some thoughtful （有思想的）citizens（公民）urged （促请）that it be taken oven （接管）by the public school system （系统）and used for boys and girls of high ability（能力）, that it have entrance （入口）requirements （要求）and give advanced （高级的）program（方案）of studies to superior （优秀的）students who were interested（有兴趣的）and able to take it .（又如，在孟菲斯当一所优秀私立学校最近停办时，一些有思想的公民主张该学校被公立教育学校系统接管，用于培养那些有较高能力的学生，这所学校要有入学要求，为那些有兴趣和有能力接受的学生制定高级的学习方案。
）The proposal（建议）was rejected （被拒绝）because it was undemocratic（不民主）! Thus, courses（课程）are geared to （适应）the middle of the class.The good student is unchallenged（挑战）, bored（厌烦）. The loafer （混子）receives his passing grade（毕业证）.And the lack of（缺少）an outstanding （卓越）course（课程）for the outstanding
student,the lack of a standard （标准）which a boy or girl must meet, passes for （被误认为）democracy.（这个建议被拒绝，因为它是不民主的！这样，课程就要适应那些中等学生，好学生就没有挑战性，感到厌烦，混子学生能够接受毕业证。
缺少优秀学生使用的卓越的课程，缺少每一个学生必须达到的标准，被误认为是民主。
）
The second misunderstanding concerns （关注）what makes for（带来）happiness. The aims （目标）of our present-day （当今）culture (文化)are avowedly（公开承认）ease（安乐）and material（肉体）well--being(正好) :shorter hours; a shorter week; more return for （返回）less accomplishment（成就）; more softsoap（肥皂泡）excuses （借口）and fewer honest（锤炼）, realistic（现实）demands （要求）.(第二种误解关注的是什么会带来幸福。
我们当今文化的目标正好是公开承认享受和安乐：一天工作的时间越来越短，一周工作的天数越来越少；要求越来越多，业绩越来越少；虚幻的借口越来越多，现实要求越来越少。
)In our schools this is reflected（反映）by the vanishing（消失）hickory stick （教鞭）and the emerging（新兴）psychiatrist.（精神科医生）The hickory stick had its faults（缺陷）, and the psychiatrist has his strengths（优势）. But the trend（倾向）is clear. （Tourt comprendre c'est tout pardonner(To understand
（理解）everything is to excuse（原谅）everything ).（在我们学校，教鞭逐渐，而精神科医生成为新兴。
教鞭在呈现它的缺陷，而精神科医生则强势。
这种趋势是明显的，就是理解一切，原谅一切。
）Do we really believe that our softening（不严格）standards（标准）bring happiness? It is our sound and considered（斟酌）judgment（判断）that the tougher （难的）subjects （科目）of the classics （古典文学）and mathematics（数学）should be thrown（扔）aside（一边）, as suggested （建议）by some educators（教育工作者）,for doll-playing（玩游戏）? （我们真的相信那种那种不严格的标准会带来幸福？像一些教育工作者建议的的那样，把那些难学的科目比如古典文学和数学被扔在一边，做游戏，是我们经过争论和严格斟酌的正确判断？）Small（一些）wonder （疑问）that Charles Malik ,Lebanese （黎巴嫩）delegate （大使）at the U N, writes :"There is in the West"(in the United States )"a general（普遍）weakening （削弱）of moral （道德）fiber（构造）.(Our )leadership（领导人）does not seem ti be adequate to （胜任）the unprecedented（前所未有的）challenges （挑战）of the age（时代）." （黎巴嫩驻联合国大使查尔斯-马里克提出的一些疑问，写到：“这是在西方（在美国）道德品质正在削弱，（我们的）领导人看起来不胜任这个这个时代前所未有的挑战”
The last misunderstanding is in the area（领域）of values （价值观）. Here are some of the most influential（影响）tenets （原则）of teacher education（教育）over the past fifty years: there is no eternal（永恒）truth ;there is no absolute （绝对的）moral（道德）law（准则）; there is no God. Yet all of history has taught us that the denial（放弃）of these ultimates（原理）. the placement of man （个人）or state at the core （中心）of the universe（宇宙）. Results in（导致）a paralyzing （瘫痪）mass selfishness（自私自利）;and the first（最初）signs （迹象）of it are already frighteningly（令人吃惊的）evident（地步）. （最后一种误解在价值观方面。
这里是一些50多年来师范教育影响最大的原则：没有永恒的真理；没有绝对的道德准则；没有上帝。
全部历史告诫我们，放弃这些基本原理，把个人或者国家置于宇宙的中心，将会导致令世界瘫痪的、大规模的自私自利；这方面最初的迹象已经到了令人吃惊的地步。
）
Arnold(阿诺德) Tovnbee（汤因比）has said that progress （进展）, all development（发展）come from challenge（挑战）and a consequent（结果，反应）. Without challenge there is no response（反映）, no development, no freedom.(阿诺德-汤因比说一切进步，一切发展都来自于挑战以及挑战引起的反应。
没有挑战就没有反应，就没有进步，就没有自由。
) So。
