上海市浦东新区2014届高考预测（二模）英语试题
英语试卷
（本卷满分150分；完卷时间120分钟）
（2014.04.15）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
One night I decided to spend some time building a happier and closer relationship with my daughter. As she _______25_______ (ask) me to play chess with here, I suggested a game and she eagerly accepted. It was a school night, however, and at nine o’clock my daughter asked if I _______26_______ hurry my moves, because she needed to go to bed; she had to get up at six in the morning. I knew she had strict sleeping habits, _______27_______ I thought she ought to be able to give up some of this strictness. I said to her, “What fun it is! Why not stay up late for once.” We played on for _______28_______ fifteen minutes, during which time she looked anxious. Finally she said, “Please, Daddy, do it quickly/”“No,” I replied, “_______29_______ you want to play it well, you’re going to play it slowly.” And so we continued until suddenly my daughter burst into tears, and admitted _______30_______(beat).
Clearly, I had made a mistake. I had started the evening wanting to have a happy time with my daughter but had allowed my intention to win to become more important than my relationship with my daughter. When I was a child, my desire _______31_______(win) served me well. As a parent, I realized that it got in my way. So I had to change.
(B)
While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons _______32_______ explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “ Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).
In order to seek _______33_______ chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, _______34_______ their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact _______35_______ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty _______36_______ they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match _______37_______ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response_______38_______ the needs of their aged parents.
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents _______39_______(describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, _______40_______ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our societ y has not yet been well prepared for “ Empty Nest Syndrome”.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
Since its appearance in 2007, researchers at San Diego-based Organovo have experimented with printing a wide variety of tissues, including bits of lung, kidney and heart muscle. Now the world’s first publicly traded 3D bio-printing company is getting ____41____ for production. In January slices of human liver tissue were ____42____ to an outside laboratory for testing. These ____43____ take about 30 minutes to produce, says Keith Murphy, the firm’s chief executive Later this year Organovo aims to begin commercial sales.
The invention of 3D printing provided a technology now ____44____ to manufacture everything from aircraft parts to body parts. But the ____45____ of 3D bio-printing is even brighter:to create human tissues for research, drug development and testing, and ____46____ as replacement organs, such as a kidney, for patients desperately in need of ____47____. Bio-printed organs could be made from patients’ own cells and thus would not be ____48____ by their immune systems. They could also be manufactured on demand.
At present only a few of companies are trying to ____49____ the production of bio-printed tissues. But Thomas Boland, an early pioneer in the field, says that plenty of others are interested. He also estimates that about 80 teams at research institutions around the world are now trying to print ____50____ small pieces of tissues such as skin,blood vessels, liver, lung and heart. “It’s a wonderful technology to build three-dimensional biological structures,” says Gabor Forgacs, who co-founded Organovo in 2007.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It is officially known as The Swiss Re Tower, or 3 St. Mary Axe. As a typical example of green architecture in London, what is most remarkable about the building is tis energy-efficiency. ___51___ its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 05% less energy than a conventional office building. Green architecture is ___52___ the way buildings are designed, built and run.
Supporters of green architecture argue that the approach has many ___53___. In the case of large office, for example, the ___54___ of green design techniques and clever technology can not only reduce energy consumption
employee’s health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and ___56___ property values and rental returns.
Going green saves money by reducing long-term energy costs: a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be ___57___ quickly. The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, ___58___, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials.
Green buildings can also have less obvious ___59___ benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, besides reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace firm, found that absenteeism(缺勤) ___60___ by 15 after it moved 2,500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California. ___61___, the use of daylight in shopping complexes appears to increase ___62___. It also found that students in naturally lit classrooms performed up to 20% better. The ___63___ in productivity paid for the building’s higher construction costs within a year.
Despite its benefits and its growing popularity, green architecture is still not as popular as expected. The main ___64___ is co-ordination(协调), for green buildings require much more planning by architects, engineers, builders and developers than traditional buildings. But, without doubt, green architecture will ___65___ to reshape the construction industry over the next five years, with ever more innovative, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. “No one is doing this for fun,” he says. “There’s too much at risk.
51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to
52. A. giving B. discovering C. changing D. paving
53. A. benefits B. factors C. techniques D. impacts
54. A. contrast B. completion C. manufacture D. combination
55. A. tense B. pleasant C. fierce D. temporary
56. A. involve B. enhance C. share D. show
57. A. recovered B. gained C. counted D. valued
58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general
59. A. environmental B. psychological C. academic D. economic
60. A. multiplied B. estimated C. recorded D. dropped
61. A. Similarly B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Necessarily
62. A. visits B. relations C. sales D. satisfaction
63. A. performance B. confidence C. increase D. equal
64. A. interest B. progress C. solution D. problem
65. A. deserve B. help C. work D. afford
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I was stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.”The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
66. What does the underlined sentence in Para. Two most probably mean?
A. Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B. The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C. Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D. The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.
67. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?
A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B. Her mother’s miserable death.
C. Being exposed to Greek literary works.
D. Following the prettiest girl in his class.
68. It can be inferred from Para. Four that ___________.
A. Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation.
B. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style.
C. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired.
D. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students.
69. The passage is mainly concerned with ___________.
A. how the author became a journalist.
B. the importance of inspiration in one’s life.
C. the teacher who shaped the author’s life.
D. factors contributing to a successful career.
(B)
About PISA
The Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment. What the assessment involves
Since the year 2000, every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended
and
multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.
What makes PISA different
PISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real-life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.
Additional PISA initiatives
PISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)
As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD(The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.
70. PISA is different from other programmes because __________.
A. its test is closely related to the school curriculum.
B. its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problems.
C. its test can equip students for full participation in school.
D. test scores directly determine the analysis of the test.
71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Test-takers are carefully selected.
B. Test-takers answer the same questions.
C. Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.
D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.
72. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.
B. More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.
C. School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.
D. PISA provides evaluation of education system within a certain country.
73. Where can we most probably find the passage?
A. On the Internet
B. In a newspaper
C. In a magazine
D. In an advertisement
(C)
Y ANG YUANQING, Lenovo’s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40:he grew up in rural poverty and read engineering at university. But when Lenovo bought IBM’s personal-computer division in 2005 he decided to immerse himself in English: he moved his family to North Carolina, hired a language tutor and - the ultimate sacrifice - spent hours watching cable-TV news.
Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-Anglophone world that have made English their official language. The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore and Switzerland.
Corporate English is now invading more difficult territory, such as Japan. Rakuten, a cross
between Amazon and eBay, and Fast Retailing, which operates the Uniqlo fashion chain, were among the first to switch. Now they are being joined by old-economy companies such as Honda, a carmaker, and Bridge-stone, a tyremaker. Chinese firms are proving harder to crack: they have a huge internal market and are struggling to recruit competent managers of any description, let alone English-speakers. But some are following Lenovo’s lead. Huawei has introduced English as a second language and encourages high-flyers to become fluent.
There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets and assemble global production teams. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking.
Tsedal Neeley of Harvard B usiness School says that “Englishnisation”, a word she borrows from Mr Mikitani, can stir up a hornet’s nest of emotions. Ms Neeley argues that companies must think carefully about implementing a policy that touches on so many emotions. Senior managers should explain to employees why switching to English is so important, provide them with classes and conversation groups, and offer them incentives to improve their fluency, such as foreign postings. Those who are already proficient in English should speak more slowly and try not to dominate conversations. And managers must act as referees and enforcers, resolving conflicts and discouraging staff from returning to their native tongues.
Intergovernmental bodies like the European Union are obliged to pretend that there is no predominant global tongue. But businesses worldwide are facing up to the reality that English is the language on which the sun never sets.
74. Lenovo’s bos made all the efforts to familiarize himself with English except __________.
A. hiring a language tutor
B. resettling in an English-speaking environment
C. expanding the business overseas
D. exposing himself to English Cable-TV news.
75. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Most Chinese firms would like to introduce corporate English.
B. Chinese firms are in great need of English majors as their managers.
C. Huawei followed Lenovo as the second largest multinational in China.
D. Adopting corporate English is more difficult in places with a large population.
76. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The decrease in population pushes the Japanese to learn English well.
B. Neither the governmental bodies nor businesses will regard English as a global tongue.
C. Companies should handle employees’ emotions carefully during the switch.
D. Those good at English should be encouraged to speak more in the company.
77. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. English-Global Tongue in Business.
B. English-Chinese Business Leaders’ New Fashion.
C. English-The Best Tool in Communication.
D. English-Dominating Factor of Successful Business.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Now many people strive to be a follower of the LOHAS movement. LOHAS means “lifestyles of health and sustainability.” This term was coined in 2000 by two American scholars.
Lohasians believe in leading a healthy lifestyle that is actively involved in preserving the earth’s environment and resources. According to Lohasians, respect for on’e own mental and physical health should exist in parallel with care for the earth’s ecology. They believe their actions, in this way, can have a positive effect on our global environment, and might be able to minimize the negative effects of people’s mindless and selfish consumption.
Take organic foods for example. Lohasians prefer them,not only because they are chemical-free and good for the human body, but also because they are cultivated using natural fertilizers, which do not harm the soil. Even more Lohasians turn to locally grown produce, the transportation of which consumes far less than that of imported goods. As global warming has become a universal concern, Lohasians are anxious to find ways to cut down on energy consumption.
Indeed, Lohasians are always considering the long-term impact of their behavior on the planet. As more consumers are adopting LOHAS values, this growing trend has dawned on the corporate world and they begin to practice responsible capitalism, which means providing goods and services using environmentally friendly and economically sustainable business practices. For instance, Coca-Cola’s efforts in the area of sustainable packaging focus mainly on “using and reduce its impact on the environment. As a result, the company saved 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2007 alone, and, therefore, reduced carbon dioxide emissions to a level equivalent to that of the planting of more than 13,000 acres of trees.
Clearly, LOHAS values have become a significant trend in the world today. Individual or corporate “cultural creatives” are promoting these values by challenging old traditions and habits, and building new lifestyles. Although whether these practices will bring immediate confident that these practices will bring immediate benefits to the environment and the health of people today remains unknown, Lohasians are confident that these practices will benefit their children and future generations. All individuals should evolve into Lohasians and take action to save the planet, before it is too late.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)
78. Lohasians are convinced that through their responsible actions, _____________________ might be reduced to a minimum.
79. Why is locally grown produce favoured by Lohasians?
80. Consumers’growing trend of LOHAS values has inspired companies to ________________________________.
81. In terms of their practices, Lohasians are not sure of ________________________________________________.
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 当地村民的善良感动了我们。
（touch）
2. 过于强调个人成就是没有意义的。
（point）
3. 虽然经理尽力想挽留他，但看来他去意已决。
（seem）
4. 他忙于搞科研，无法腾出时间照顾家人。
（So...）
5. 这些相片让我想起了那些艰苦的日子，那时，虽然困难重重，我们仍坚守着自己的目标。
（when）
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
在成长过程中，我们有时会和父母意见相左，请叙述你曾经做过的一件违背父母意愿的事，并简要谈谈你现在对此事的感受或看法。
